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Khalenkov AM, Norton MG, Scott DE. Method for screening influenza neutralizing antibodies in crude human plasma and its derivatives using SPR. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15651. [PMID: 37144181 PMCID: PMC10151358 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We applied Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) technology to develop a method for potency screening and quantification of anti-influenza antibodies in minimally processed human plasma samples and intravenous immunoglobulin (IGIV) products. We found that specific antibodies in human plasma or IGIV capable of inhibiting binding of influenza hemagglutinin to receptor-analogous glycans do so in concentration-dependent manner. We ranked the inhibitory activity of plasma samples from multiple donors and found a good correlation (r = 0.87) of SPR assay measurements and conventional hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay results. This method was also applied to screen for specific anti-influenza antibodies in IGIV lots manufactured pre- and post-2009 H1N1 pandemic. The SPR method was also applied to study binding inhibition of the intact A/California/04/2009 H1N1 and B/Victoria/504/2000 influenza viruses to α2,6 or α2,3-linked synthetic glycans. In contrast to recombinant H1 hemagglutinin, which was found to interact primarily with α2,6-linked terminal sialic acids, intact H1N1 or influenza B virus recognized both types of receptor analogs with different observed dissociation rates and the inhibitory activity of plasma antibodies was dependent on the type of sialic acid link. The SPR method can provide a high-throughput, time-saving and semi-automated alternative to conventional assays such as HAI or microneutralization in situations where screening of large numbers of plasma donations to identify high titer units is needed to product highly potent immunoglobulins.
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Abstract
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of infection is generally known for many viruses. A potential risk of ADE in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has also been discussed since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic; however, clinical evidence of the presence of antibodies with ADE potential is limited. Here, we show that ADE antibodies are produced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and the ADE process can be mediated by at least two different host factors, Fcγ receptor (FcγR) and complement component C1q. Of 89 serum samples collected from acute or convalescent COVID-19 patients, 62.9% were found to be positive for SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG. FcγR- and/or C1q-mediated ADE were detected in 50% of the IgG-positive sera, whereas most of them showed neutralizing activity in the absence of FcγR and C1q. Importantly, ADE antibodies were found in 41.4% of the acute COVID-19 patients. Neutralizing activity was also detected in most of the IgG-positive sera, but it was counteracted by ADE in subneutralizing conditions in the presence of FcγR or C1q. Although the clinical importance of ADE needs to be further investigated with larger numbers of COVID-19 patient samples, our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes multiple mechanisms of ADE. C1q-mediated ADE may particularly have a clinical impact since C1q is present at high concentrations in plasma and its receptors are ubiquitously expressed on the surfaces of many types of cells, including respiratory epithelial cells, which SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects. IMPORTANCE Potential risks of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been discussed and the proposed mechanism mostly depends on the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR). However, since FcγRs are exclusively expressed on immune cells, which are not primary targets of SARS-CoV-2, the clinical importance of ADE of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains controversial. Our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces antibodies that increase SARS-CoV-2 infection through another ADE mechanism in which complement component C1q mediates the enhancement. Although neutralizing activity was also detected in the serum samples, it was counteracted by ADE in the presence of FcγR or C1q. Considering the ubiquity of C1q and its cellular receptors, C1q-mediated ADE may more likely occur in respiratory epithelial cells, which SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects. Our data highlight the importance of careful monitoring of the antibody properties in COVID-19 convalescent and vaccinated individuals.
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Fazeli A, Sharifi S, Mohammadi S, Bahraini M, Arabkhazaeli A, Jelveh N, Eshghi P. The demographic and serological characteristics of COVID-19 convalescent plasma donors: Identification of basic criteria for optimal donor selection. Transfus Apher Sci 2021; 61:103302. [PMID: 34774440 PMCID: PMC8554042 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2021.103302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Convalescent plasma has attracted significant attention as a therapeutic option against infectious agents for more than a century. In March 2020, the use of Convalescent COVID-19 plasma (CCP) as a new research drug for COVID-19 treatment was approved by the FDA. The development of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies following infection or vaccination is likely to be essential to provide adequate immunity for the population to halt the COVID19 pandemic. This study aimed to identify the criteria that would be used to determine the most appropriate CCP donors with the highest effective antiviral antibody titers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cohort, univariate analyses and multivariate regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship between characteristics of 11949 CCP donors and COVID-19 disease severity prior to donation with antibody titers estimated using ELISA technique and rapid tests. RESULTS The antibody titer was measured among 8206 (68.7 %) donors. Elderly male and nulliparous female CCP donors who resided in the areas with high load of virus had positive ELISA and rapid test results as well as high levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies titer. Moreover, the long hospital stay and elderly donors were the variables associated with high levels of SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. CONCLUSION This study suggests that nulliparous female and male donors with positive rapid tests who resided in areas with a higher prevalence of SARS-CoV-2, with more than 40 years of age and long hospitalization time can be the preferred donors for CCP donation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alieh Fazeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Shahin Sharifi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Mohammadi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Institute for Oncology, Hematology and Cell Therapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Bahraini
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Arabkhazaeli
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nooshin Jelveh
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyman Eshghi
- Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran; Pediatric Congenital Hematologic Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Ciencewicki JM, Herbert AS, Storm N, Josleyn NM, Huie K, McKay LGA, Griffiths A, Dye JM, Willis T, Arora V. Characterization of an Anti-Ebola virus Hyperimmune Globulin Derived from Convalescent Plasma. J Infect Dis 2021; 225:733-740. [PMID: 34448858 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKRGOUND Convalescent plasma has been used to treat many viral diseases including Ebola. The manufacture of a purified anti-Ebola virus (EBOV) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) from pooled convalescent plasma is described in this paper. METHODS An ELISA targeting an EBOV surface glycoprotein antigen was used to determine the immunoglobulin titer of pooled plasma and purified anti-EBOV IVIG. Anti-EBOV IVIG was also tested in neutralization assays using a vesicular stomatitis virus pseudovirion expressing EBOV glycoprotein on its surface and with live EBOV. Finally, the efficacy of the anti-EBOV IVIG was assessed in a mouse model of EBOV infection. RESULTS In the ELISA, the anti-EBOV IVIG was shown to have a seven-fold increase in IgG titer over pooled convalescent plasma. In both the pseudovirion and live virus assays, the anti-EBOV IVIG showed approximately five- to six-fold increased potency over pooled plasma. Anti-EBOV IVIG also significantly improved survivability in mice infected with the virus when administered concurrently or two days after infection. CONCLUSIONS These data support this purified anti-EBOV IVIG merits additional investigation and clinical trials for treatment and post-exposure prophylaxis of Ebola virus disease. The experience gained can be applied to manufacture hyperimmune globulins against other emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew S Herbert
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Nadia Storm
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole M Josleyn
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen Huie
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay G A McKay
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Griffiths
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John M Dye
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Todd Willis
- Grifols Bioscience R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Vikram Arora
- Grifols Bioscience R&D, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Prus K, Alquist CR, Cancelas JA, Oh D. Decrease in serum antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent plasma donors over time. Transfusion 2021; 61:651-654. [PMID: 33616966 PMCID: PMC8014079 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Prus
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Jose A Cancelas
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - David Oh
- Hoxworth Blood Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Dean CL, Hooper JW, Dye JM, Zak SE, Koepsell SA, Corash L, Benjamin RJ, Kwilas S, Bonds S, Winkler AM, Kraft CS. Characterization of Ebola convalescent plasma donor immune response and psoralen treated plasma in the United States. Transfusion 2020; 60:1024-1031. [PMID: 32129478 DOI: 10.1111/trf.15739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, passive immunization by transfusion of Ebola convalescent plasma (ECP) was considered for treating patients with acute Ebola virus disease (EVD). Early Ebola virus (EBOV) seroconversion confers a survival advantage in natural infection, hence transfusion of ECP plasma with high levels of neutralizing EBOV antibodies is a potential passive immune therapy. Techniques to reduce the risk of other transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) are warranted as recent ECP survivors are ineligible as routine blood donors. As part of an ongoing clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of ECP, the impact of amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction technology (PRT) on EBOV antibody characteristics was examined. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Serum and plasma samples were collected from EVD-recovered subjects at multiple timepoints and evaluated by ELISA for antibodies to recombinant EBOV glycoprotein (GP) and irradiated whole EBOV antigen, as well as for EBOV microneutralization, classic plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and EBOV pseudovirion neutralization assay (PsVNA) activity. RESULTS Six subjects donated 40 individual ECP units. Substantial antibody titers and neutralizing activity results were demonstrated but were generally lower for the ACD plasma samples compared to the serum samples. Anti-EBOV titers by all assays remained essentially unchanged after PRT. CONCLUSION Treatment of ECP with PRT to reduce the risk of TTI did not significantly reduce EBOV IgG antibody titers or neutralizing activity. Although ECP was used in the treatment of repatriated patients, no PRT units from this study were transfused to EVD patients. This inventory of PRT-treated ECP is currently available for future clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina L Dean
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jay W Hooper
- Division of Virology, US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - John M Dye
- Division of Virology, US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Samantha E Zak
- Division of Virology, US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Scott A Koepsell
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | | | - Steve Kwilas
- Division of Virology, US Army Medical Research Institute for Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Shannon Bonds
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Colleen S Kraft
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Chen J, Zhu H, Horby PW, Wang Q, Zhou J, Jiang H, Liu L, Zhang T, Zhang Y, Chen X, Deng X, Nikolay B, Wang W, Cauchemez S, Guan Y, Uyeki TM, Yu H. Specificity, kinetics and longevity of antibody responses to avian influenza A(H7N9) virus infection in humans. J Infect 2020; 80:310-319. [PMID: 31954742 PMCID: PMC7112568 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The long-term dynamics of antibody responses in patients with influenza A(H7N9) virus infection are not well understood. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal serological follow-up study in patients who were hospitalized with A(H7N9) virus infection, during 2013-2018. A(H7N9) virus-specific antibody responses were assessed by hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) and neutralization (NT) assays. A random intercept model was used to fit a curve to HAI antibody responses over time. HAI antibody responses were compared by clinical severity. RESULTS Of 67 patients with A(H7N9) virus infection, HAI antibody titers reached 40 on average 11 days after illness onset and peaked at a titer of 290 after three months, and average titers of ≥80 and ≥40 were present until 11 months and 22 months respectively. HAI antibody responses were significantly higher in patients who experienced severe disease, including respiratory failure and acute respiratory distress syndrome, compared with patients who experienced less severe illness. CONCLUSIONS Patients with A(H7N9) virus infection who survived severe disease mounted higher antibody responses that persisted for longer periods compared with those that experienced moderate disease. Studies of convalescent plasma treatment for A(H7N9) patients should consider collection of donor plasma from survivors of severe disease between 1 and 11 months after illness onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huachen Zhu
- Joint Institute of Virology (STU-HKU), Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peter W Horby
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Qianli Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhou
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China; Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing 101149, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Joint Institute of Virology (STU-HKU), Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Tianchen Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaowei Deng
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Birgit Nikolay
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Simon Cauchemez
- Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases Unit, Institut Pasteur, UMR2000, CNRS, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Yi Guan
- Joint Institute of Virology (STU-HKU), Shantou University, Shantou 515041, China; State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Timothy M Uyeki
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Hongjie Yu
- School of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Building 8, 130 Dong'an Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China.
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