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Mucignat G, Montanucci L, Elgendy R, Giantin M, Laganga P, Pauletto M, Mutinelli F, Vascellari M, Leone VF, Dacasto M, Granato A. A Whole-Transcriptomic Analysis of Canine Oral Melanoma: A Chance to Disclose the Radiotherapy Effect and Outcome-Associated Gene Signature. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:1065. [PMID: 39202425 PMCID: PMC11353338 DOI: 10.3390/genes15081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral melanoma (OM) is the most common malignant oral tumour among dogs and shares similarities with human mucosal melanoma (HMM), validating the role of canine species as an immunocompetent model for cancer research. In both humans and dogs, the prognosis is poor and radiotherapy (RT) represents a cornerstone in the management of this tumour, either as an adjuvant or a palliative treatment. In this study, by means of RNA-seq, the effect of RT weekly fractionated in 9 Gray (Gy), up to a total dose of 36 Gy (4 weeks), was evaluated in eight dogs affected by OM. Furthermore, possible transcriptomic differences in blood and biopsies that might be associated with a longer overall survival (OS) were investigated. The immune response, glycosylation, cell adhesion, and cell cycle were the most affected pathways by RT, while tumour microenvironment (TME) composition and canonical and non-canonical WNT pathways appeared to be modulated in association with OS. Taking these results as a whole, this study improved our understanding of the local and systemic effect of RT, reinforcing the pivotal role of anti-tumour immunity in the control of canine oral melanoma (COM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Mucignat
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ludovica Montanucci
- McGovern Medical School and Center for Neurogenomics, UTHealth, University of Texas Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Ramy Elgendy
- Discovery Sciences, Centre for Genomics Research, AstraZeneca, 411 10 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Mery Giantin
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Paola Laganga
- Anicura—Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, 40037 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (V.F.L.)
| | - Marianna Pauletto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Franco Mutinelli
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Marta Vascellari
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (M.V.)
| | - Vito Ferdinando Leone
- Anicura—Centro Oncologico Veterinario, Sasso Marconi, 40037 Bologna, Italy; (P.L.); (V.F.L.)
| | - Mauro Dacasto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Agripolis Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (G.M.); (M.G.); (M.P.)
| | - Anna Granato
- Veterinary and Public Health Institute, Legnaro, 35020 Padua, Italy; (F.M.); (M.V.)
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2
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Polton G, Borrego JF, Clemente-Vicario F, Clifford CA, Jagielski D, Kessler M, Kobayashi T, Lanore D, Queiroga FL, Rowe AT, Vajdovich P, Bergman PJ. Melanoma of the dog and cat: consensus and guidelines. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1359426. [PMID: 38645640 PMCID: PMC11026649 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1359426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma of the dog and cat poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this project was therefore to assimilate the available published knowledge into a single accessible referenced resource and to provide expert clinical guidance to support professional colleagues as they navigate current melanoma challenges and controversies. Melanocytic tumors are common in dogs but rare in cats. The history and clinical signs relate to the anatomic site of the melanoma. Oral and subungual malignant melanomas are the most common malignant types in dogs. While many melanocytic tumors are heavily pigmented, making diagnosis relatively straightforward, melanin pigmentation is variable. A validated clinical stage scheme has been defined for canine oral melanoma. For all other locations and for feline melanoma, TNM-based staging applies. Certain histological characteristics have been shown to bear prognostic significance and can thus prove instructive in clinical decision making. Surgical resection using wide margins is currently the mainstay of therapy for the local control of melanomas, regardless of primary location. Radiotherapy forms an integral part of the management of canine oral melanomas, both as a primary and an adjuvant therapy. Adjuvant immunotherapy or chemotherapy is offered to patients at high risk of developing distant metastasis. Location is the major prognostic factor, although it is not completely predictive of local invasiveness and metastatic potential. There are no specific guidelines regarding referral considerations for dogs with melanoma, as this is likely based on a multitude of factors. The ultimate goal is to provide the best options for patients to extend quality of life and survival, either within the primary care or referral hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry Polton
- North Downs Specialist Referrals, Bletchingley, United Kingdom
| | - Juan F. Borrego
- Hospital Aúna Especialidades Veterinarias IVC Evidensia, Paterna, Spain
| | | | | | - Dariusz Jagielski
- Veterinary Institute, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Martin Kessler
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tierklinik Hofheim, Hofheim, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Péter Vajdovich
- Department of Physiology and Oncology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Philip J. Bergman
- VCA Clinical Studies, Katonah-Bedford Veterinary Center, Bedford Hills, NY, United States
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3
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Nytko KJ, Weyland MS, Dressel-Böhm S, Scheidegger S, Salvermoser L, Werner C, Stangl S, Carpinteiro AC, Alkotub B, Multhoff G, Bodis S, Rohrer Bley C. Extracellular heat shock protein 70 levels in tumour-bearing dogs and cats treated with radiation therapy and hyperthermia. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:605-615. [PMID: 37653682 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a form of a cancer treatment which is frequently applied in combination with radiotherapy (RT) to improve therapy responses and radiosensitivity. The mode of action of hyperthermia is multifactorial; the one hand by altering the amount of the blood circulation in the treated tissue, on the other hand by modulating molecular pathways involved in cell survival processes and immunogenic interactions. One of the most dominant proteins induced by hyperthermia is the major stress-inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). Hsp70 can be found in the blood either as a free-protein (free HSP70) derived from necrotic cells, or lipid-bound (liposomal Hsp70) when it is actively released in extracellular vesicles (EVs) by living cells. The aim of the study was to evaluate the levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 before and after treatment with RT alone or hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy (HTRT) in dogs and cats to evaluate therapy responses. Peripheral blood was collected from feline and canine patients before and at 2, 4, 6 and 24 h after treatment with RT or HTRT. Hsp70 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were performed to determine the free and liposomal Hsp70 concentrations in the serum. The levels were analysed after the first fraction of radiation to study immediate effects and after all applied fractions to study cumulative effects. The levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 levels in the circulation were not affected by the first singular treatment and cumulative effects of RT in cats however, after finalizing all treatment cycles with HTRT free and liposomal Hsp70 levels significantly increased. In dogs, HTRT, but not treatment with RT alone, significantly affected liposomal Hsp70 levels during the first fraction. Free Hsp70 levels were significantly increased after RT, but not HTRT, during the first fraction in dogs. In dogs, on the other hand, RT alone resulted in a significant increase in liposomal Hsp70, but HTRT did not significantly affect the liposomal Hsp70 when cumulative effects were analysed. Free Hsp70 was significantly induced in dogs after both, RT and HTRT when cumulative effects were analysed. RT and HTRT treatments differentially affect the levels of free and liposomal Hsp70 in dogs and cats. Both forms of Hsp70 could potentially be further investigated as potential liquid biopsy markers to study responses to RT and HTRT treatment in companion animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Nytko
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M S Weyland
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - S Dressel-Böhm
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Scheidegger
- ZHAW School of Engineering, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - L Salvermoser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - C Werner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Stangl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - A C Carpinteiro
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - B Alkotub
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - G Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM-Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - S Bodis
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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José-López R. Chemotherapy for the treatment of intracranial glioma in dogs. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1273122. [PMID: 38026627 PMCID: PMC10643662 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1273122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the second most common primary brain tumor in dogs and although they are associated with a poor prognosis, limited data are available relating to the efficacy of standard therapeutic options such as surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Additionally, canine glioma is gaining relevance as a naturally occurring animal model that recapitulates human disease with fidelity. There is an intense comparative research drive to test new therapeutic approaches in dogs and assess if results translate efficiently into human clinical trials to improve the poor outcomes associated with the current standard-of-care. However, the paucity of data and controversy around most appropriate treatment for intracranial gliomas in dogs make comparisons among modalities troublesome. To further inform therapeutic decision-making, client discussion, and future studies evaluating treatment responses, the outcomes of 127 dogs with intracranial glioma, either presumed (n = 49) or histologically confirmed (n = 78), that received chemotherapy as leading or adjuvant treatment are reviewed here. This review highlights the status of current chemotherapeutic approaches to intracranial gliomas in dogs, most notably temozolomide and lomustine; areas of novel treatment currently in development, and difficulties to consensuate and compare different study observations. Finally, suggestions are made to facilitate evidence-based research in the field of canine glioma therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto José-López
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals – IVC Evidensia, High Wycombe, United Kingdom
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5
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Deguchi T, Maekawa N, Konnai S, Owaki R, Hosoya K, Morishita K, Nakamura M, Okagawa T, Takeuchi H, Kim S, Kinoshita R, Tachibana Y, Yokokawa M, Takagi S, Kato Y, Suzuki Y, Murata S, Ohashi K. Enhanced Systemic Antitumour Immunity by Hypofractionated Radiotherapy and Anti-PD-L1 Therapy in Dogs with Pulmonary Metastatic Oral Malignant Melanoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113013. [PMID: 37296981 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as the anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody, have been developed for the treatment of canine malignant melanoma, desirable clinical efficacies have not been achieved. Recent studies in humans have suggested that radiation therapy (RT) combined with ICIs induces robust systemic antitumour immunity in patients with cancer. This study retrospectively examined the therapeutic efficacy of combination therapy (hypofractionated RT and anti-PD-L1 antibody [c4G12]) in dogs with pulmonary metastatic oral malignant melanoma. The intrathoracic clinical benefit rate (CBR)/median overall survival (OS) in the no RT (n = 20, free from the effect of RT), previous RT (n = 9, received RT ≤8 weeks prior to the first c4G12 dose), and concurrent RT (n = 10, c4G12 therapy within ±1 week of the first RT fraction) groups were 10%/185 days, 55.6%/283.5 days (p < 0.05 vs. no RT group), and 20%/129 days (p > 0.05 vs. no RT group), respectively. The adverse events were considered to be tolerable in the combination therapy. Thus, hypofractionated RT before the initiation of c4G12 therapy can be an effective approach for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapy, with acceptable safety profiles. Further prospective clinical studies are required to confirm the findings of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Deguchi
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Naoya Maekawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Satoru Konnai
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ryo Owaki
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Keitaro Morishita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Motoji Nakamura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Okagawa
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takeuchi
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Sangho Kim
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kinoshita
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Yurika Tachibana
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Madoka Yokokawa
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819, Japan
| | - Satoshi Takagi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara 252-5201, Japan
| | - Yukinari Kato
- Department of Antibody Drug Development, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Suzuki
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0020, Japan
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan
| | - Shiro Murata
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Ohashi
- Department of Advanced Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
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6
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Goldschmidt S, Stewart N, Ober C, Bell C, Wolf-Ringwall A, Kent M, Lawrence J. Contrast-enhanced and indirect computed tomography lymphangiography accurately identifies the cervical lymphocenter at risk for metastasis in pet dogs with spontaneously occurring oral neoplasia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282500. [PMID: 36862650 PMCID: PMC9980747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For dogs with oral tumors, cervical lymph node (LN) metastasis alters treatment and prognosis. It is therefore prudent to make an accurate determination of the clinical presence (cN+ neck) or absence (cN0 neck) of metastasis prior to treatment. Currently, surgical LN extirpation with histopathology is the gold standard for a diagnosis of metastasis. Yet, recommendations to perform elective neck dissection (END) for staging are rare due to morbidity. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping with indirect computed tomography lymphangiography (ICTL) followed by targeted biopsy (SLNB) is an alternative option to END. In this prospective study, SLN mapping followed by bilateral END of all mandibular LNs (MLNs) and medial retropharyngeal LNs (MRLNs) was performed in 39 dogs with spontaneously occurring oral neoplasia. A SLN was identified by ICTL in 38 (97%) dogs. Lymphatic drainage patterns were variable although most often the SLN was identified as a single ipsilateral MLN. In the 13 dogs (33%) with histopathologically confirmed LN metastasis, ICTL correctly identified the draining lymphocentrum in all (100%). Metastasis was confined to the SLN in 11 dogs (85%); 2 dogs (15%) had metastasis beyond the SLN ipsilaterally. Contrast enhanced CT features had good accuracy in predicting metastasis, with short axis measurements less than 10.5 mm most predictive. ICTL imaging features alone were unable to predict metastasis. Cytologic or histopathologic SLN sampling is recommended prior to treatment to inform clinical decision-making. This is the largest study to show potential clinical utility of minimally invasive ICTL for cervical LN evaluation in canine oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Goldschmidt
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Christopher Ober
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cynthia Bell
- Specialty Oral pathology for Animals, Geneseo, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amber Wolf-Ringwall
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiologic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Jessica Lawrence
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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MELANOCYTIC NEOPLASIA IN PANTHERA SPECIES: CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS, PATHOLOGIC FINDINGS AND RESPONSES TO TREATMENT. J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 53:844-854. [PMID: 36640089 DOI: 10.1638/2021-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neoplasia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in captive nondomestic felids. Seven tigers (Panthera tigris), two African lions (Panthera leo), and two snow leopards (Panthera uncia) were diagnosed with melanocytic neoplasia (10 malignant melanomas, two benign melanocytomas) over a 20-yr period. Animals were 10-19 yr old and 5/7 tigers were phenotypically white. Malignant melanoma tumor location included skin (n = 4), oral mucosa (n = 2), nasal planum (n = 1), iris/uvea (n = 2), and lip margin (n = 1); melanocytomas were found in skin (n = 2). Metastasis to regional lymph nodes was seen at diagnosis in 3/7 melanoma cases. Thoracic radiography (n = 6) and/or computed tomography (n = 2) did not detect pulmonary metastasis at diagnosis but were useful for detection later in the disease course. Median survival time (MST) for all cases ranged from 1 mon - 40 mon. Seven cases with malignant melanoma underwent treatment, which included surgery, radiation therapy, and administration of the canine melanoma vaccine (Oncept®) or a combination of these treatments; MST was 5-40 mon for these cases. While multimodal therapy may provide an improved survival time, the majority of animals with malignant melanoma invariably died from neoplastic disease. Necropsy confirmed metastasis of malignant melanoma in 7/9 animals; sites included lung, liver, lymph node, kidney, mesentery, pleural cavity, heart, stomach, spleen, and adrenal gland. This case series describes the clinical and histologic findings of melanocytic neoplasia in nondomestic felids as well as multimodal treatment strategies incorporating the canine melanoma vaccine.
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Lin CT, Lin CF, Wu JT, Tsai HP, Cheng SY, Liao HJ, Lin TC, Wu CH, Lin YC, Wang JH, Chang GR. Effects of Para-Toluenesulfonamide on Canine Melanoma Xenotransplants in a BALB/c Nude Mouse Model. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2272. [PMID: 36077992 PMCID: PMC9454485 DOI: 10.3390/ani12172272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacological pathway of para-toluenesulfonamide (PTS) restricts the kinase activity of the mammalian target of rapamycin, potentially leading to reductions in cell division, cell growth, cell proliferation, and inflammation. These pathways have a critical effect on tumorigenesis. We aimed to examine the antitumor effect of PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin on canine melanoma implanted in BALB/c nude mice by estimating tumor growth, apoptosis expression, inflammation, and metastasis. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, cisplatin, PTS, and PTS combined with cisplatin. Mice treated with PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin had retarded tumor growth and increased tumor apoptosis through the enhanced expression of cleaved caspase 3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, decreased inflammatory cytokine levels, reduced inflammation-related factors, enhanced anti-inflammation-related factors, and inhibition of metastasis-related factors. Mice treated with PTS combined with cisplatin exhibited significantly retarded tumor growth, reduced tumor size, and increased tumor inhibition compared with those treated with cisplatin or PTS alone. PTS or PTS combined with cisplatin could retard canine melanoma growth and inhibit tumorigenesis. PTS and cisplatin were found to have an obvious synergistic tumor-inhibiting effect on canine melanoma. PTS alone and PTS combined with cisplatin may be antitumor agents for canine melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Teng Lin
- Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Fu Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, 1 Shuefu Road, Neipu, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Te Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Pei Tsai
- Ph.D. Program of Agriculture Science, National Chiayi University, 300 University Road, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ying Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
- Department of Pet Medicine, Gongwin Biopharma Co., Ltd., 1 Section, 80 Jianguo North Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Jyuan Liao
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Chun Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
- Department of Pet Medicine, Gongwin Biopharma Co., Ltd., 1 Section, 80 Jianguo North Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
- Department of Pet Medicine, Gongwin Biopharma Co., Ltd., 1 Section, 80 Jianguo North Road, Zhongshan District, Taipei 104001, Taiwan
| | - Jiann-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
| | - Geng-Ruei Chang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chiayi University, 580 Xinmin Road, Chiayi 60054, Taiwan
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9
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Survival Time after Surgical Debulking and Temozolomide Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Canine Intracranial Gliomas. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9080427. [PMID: 36006342 PMCID: PMC9414206 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9080427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Infiltrative brain tumours are common in dogs. Although different treatments have been used, such as surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinations, guidelines for the most effective management are lacking. In this study, we report the effect of combining surgery and chemotherapy on the survival of 14 dogs with infiltrative gliomas. Four dogs were operated on two or three times to remove the tumors, and only one of these dogs died shortly after the second surgery. All tolerated the surgery with minimal or no deterioration, and all were euthanized between 6 months to 2 years after diagnosis due to tumour progression. To conclude, surgery and chemotherapy, although not curative, can prolong survival in dogs with infiltrative brain tumours. This information may help future research into the most appropriate treatment for this debilitating condition. Abstract Intracranial gliomas are associated with a poor prognosis, and the most appropriate treatment is yet to be defined. The objectives of this retrospective study are to report the time to progression and survival times of a group of dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial gliomas treated with surgical debulking and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. All cases treated in a single referral veterinary hospital from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed. Inclusion criteria comprised a histopathological diagnosis of intracranial glioma, adjunctive chemotherapy, and follow-up until death. Cases were excluded if the owner declined chemotherapy or there was insufficient follow-up information in the clinical records. Fourteen client-owned dogs were included with a median time to progression (MTP) of 156 days (95% CI 133–320 days) and median survival time (MST) of 240 days (95% CI 149–465 days). Temozolomide was the first-line adjuvant chemotherapy but changed to another chemotherapy agent (lomustine, toceranib phosphate, or melphalan) when tumour relapse was either suspected by clinical signs or confirmed by advanced imaging. Of the fourteen dogs, three underwent two surgical resections and one, three surgeries. Survival times (ST) were 241, 428, and 468 days for three dogs treated twice surgically and 780 days for the dog treated surgically three times. Survival times for dogs operated once was 181 days. One case was euthanized after developing aspiration pneumonia, and all other cases after progression of clinical signs due to suspected or confirmed tumour relapse. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy are well-tolerated options in dogs with intracranial gliomas in which surgery is a possibility and should be considered a potential treatment option. Repeated surgery may be considered for selected cases.
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Camerino M, Giacobino D, Manassero L, Iussich S, Riccardo F, Cavallo F, Tarone L, Olimpo M, Lardone E, Martano M, Del Magno S, Buracco P, Morello E. Prognostic impact of bone invasion in canine oral malignant melanoma treated by surgery and anti-CSPG4 vaccination: A retrospective study on 68 cases (2010-2020). Vet Comp Oncol 2022; 20:189-197. [PMID: 34392602 PMCID: PMC9290081 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prognosis of canine oral malignant melanoma encompasses clinical, histological and immunohistochemical parameters. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of bone invasion in oral canine melanoma. Sixty-eight dogs bearing oral melanoma staged II and III that underwent surgery and anti-CSPG4 electrovaccination, with available histological data and a minimum follow up of minimum 1 year, were retrospectively selected. Bone invasion was detected on imaging and/or histology. Median survival time of dogs with evidence of bone invasion (group 1) was 397 days and significantly shorter compared with dogs with oral melanomas not invading the bone (group 2, 1063 days). Dogs with tumours localised at the level of the cheek, lip, tongue and soft palate (soft tissue - group 3) lived significantly longer compared with dogs having tumours within the gingiva of the maxilla or mandible (hard tissue - group 4) with a median survival time of 1063 and 470 days, respectively. Within group 4, the subgroup of dogs with tumours not invading the bone (group 5) showed a significant prolonged survival time (972 days) in comparison with dogs of group 1 (bone invasion group). Similar results were obtained for the disease-free intervals amongst the different groups. Statistical analysis showed that Ki67 and mitotic count were correlated with shorter survival in patients of group 1 (with bone invasion). Bone invasion should always be assessed since it appears to be a negative prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health SciencesMolecular Biotechnology Center, University of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Matteo Olimpo
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Elena Lardone
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Medical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical SciencesUniversity of BolognaOzzano dell'EmiliaItaly
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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11
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Leite NG, Vargas THM, Ferro DG, Sobral RA, Venturini MAFA, Corrêa HL, Strefezzi RDF. Prognostic Value of Intratumoral Collagen Quantification in Canine Oral Melanomas. J Vet Dent 2022; 38:188-192. [PMID: 34986053 DOI: 10.1177/08987564211066638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The majority of the melanocytic neoplasms are considered malignant and highly metastatic. However, a subset of the melanocytic tumors has a more favorable prognosis and the identification of precise prognostic markers for this neoplasm may be useful to guide treatment. The collagen architecture and density have been shown to correlate with tumor progression in human breast cancer and canine mast cell tumors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of the intratumoral collagen index (ICI) as an indicator of postsurgical survival and its relation with other prognostic markers for canine oral melanomas (OMs). Twenty-two cases were tested for intratumoral collagen density using Masson's trichrome stain and morphometry. No differences were found between dogs regarding survival. The ICI was not correlated with proliferative activity or nuclear atypia. The results presented herein indicate that the quantity of intratumoral collagen in canine OMs is not an efficient indicator of postsurgical survival. Complementary studies about the expression and activity of enzymes that are capable of degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) components are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Goulart Leite
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Henrique Moroni Vargas
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo De Francisco Strefezzi
- Laboratório de Oncologia Comparada e Translacional, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
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12
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Giacobino D, Camerino M, Riccardo F, Cavallo F, Tarone L, Martano M, Dentini A, Iussich S, Lardone E, Franci P, Valazza A, Manassero L, Del Magno S, De Maria R, Morello E, Buracco P. Difference in outcome between curative intent vs marginal excision as a first treatment in dogs with oral malignant melanoma and the impact of adjuvant CSPG4-DNA electrovaccination: A retrospective study on 155 cases. Vet Comp Oncol 2021; 19:651-660. [PMID: 33751759 PMCID: PMC9290641 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma is locally invasive and highly metastatic. At present, the best option for local control is en bloc excision followed by radiation if excision margins are incomplete. Adjuvantly, the role of chemotherapy is dubious while immunotherapy appears encouraging. This retrospective study evaluated 155 dogs with oral malignant melanomas (24 stage I, 54 stage II, 66 stage III and 11 stage IV) managed in a single institution. The aim was to evaluate the differences in median survival time (MST) and disease-free interval (DFI) between dogs which, at presentation, were treated surgically with a curative intent (group 1) vs those marginally excised only (group 2). MST in group 1 was longer than in group 2 (594 vs 458 days), but no significant difference was found (P = .57); a statistical difference was, however, found for DFI (232 vs 183 days, P = .008). In the subpopulation of vaccinated dogs, the impact of adjuvant anti-CSPG4 DNA electrovaccination was then evaluated (curative intent, group 3, vs marginal, group 4); a significant difference for both MST (1333 vs 470 days, respectively, P = .03) and DFI (324 vs 184 days, respectively, P = .008) was found. Progressive disease was significantly more common in dogs undergoing marginal excision than curative intent excision for both the overall population (P = .03) and the vaccinated dogs (P = .02). This study pointed out that, after staging, wide excision together with adjuvant immunotherapy was an effective approach for canine oral malignant melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Giacobino
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | | | - Federica Riccardo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Federica Cavallo
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Lidia Tarone
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology CenterUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Marina Martano
- Department of Medical Veterinary ScienceUniversity of ParmaItaly
| | | | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Elena Lardone
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Franci
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Alberto Valazza
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Manassero
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Sara Del Magno
- Department of Veterinary Medical ScienceUniversity of BolognaItaly
| | | | - Emanuela Morello
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Buracco
- Department of Veterinary SciencesUniversity of TorinoTorinoItaly
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13
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Kim WS, Vinayak A, Powers B. Comparative Review of Malignant Melanoma and Histologically Well-Differentiated Melanocytic Neoplasm in the Oral Cavity of Dogs. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8110261. [PMID: 34822634 PMCID: PMC8624997 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8110261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is the most common neoplasm of the canine oral cavity. It is characterized by its aggressive local disease as well as its high rate of lymphatic invasion and distant metastasis. OMM carries a poor prognosis, with most patients succumbing to the disease due to progression of the neoplasm. Histopathologically, OMM is characterized by significant nuclear atypia, a mitotic index of greater than 4/10 hpf, and evidence of vascular invasion or metastasis. Clinically, these lesions can become locally invasive, causing lysis of bones and severe inflammation of the surrounding soft tissue. With time, these lesions can spread to the regional lymph node and to the lungs and other organs. Prognosis can vary depending on the size of the primary tumor, regional node involvement, and distant metastatic disease; however, multiple studies report a relatively short median survival time ranging from less than 4 months to 8 months. Histologically well- differentiated melanocytic neoplasms (HWDMN) are a variant of OMM and sometimes referred to as canine oral melanocytic neoplasms of low malignant potential. Unlike OMM, patients with HWDMN have longer survival times. Histopathologically, HWDMNs have well-differentiated melanocytes with a low mitotic index of 3 or less per 10 hpf and minimal nuclear atypia. HWDMNs have better prognosis with a mean survival time of up to 34 months. This article is a comparative review of OMM and its less aggressive counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Suk Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, 18300 Euclid Street, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Arathi Vinayak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, 18300 Euclid Street, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA;
| | - Barbara Powers
- Antech Diagnostics, 17620 Mt Hermann St, Fountain Valley, CA 92708, USA;
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Fonseca-Alves CE, Ferreira Ê, de Oliveira Massoco C, Strauss BE, Fávaro WJ, Durán N, Oyafuso da Cruz N, dos Santos Cunha SC, Castro JLC, Rangel MMM, Brunner CHM, Tellado M, dos Anjos DS, Fernandes SC, Barbosa de Nardi A, Biondi LR, Dagli MLZ. Current Status of Canine Melanoma Diagnosis and Therapy: Report From a Colloquium on Canine Melanoma Organized by ABROVET (Brazilian Association of Veterinary Oncology). Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:707025. [PMID: 34485435 PMCID: PMC8415562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.707025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ênio Ferreira
- Department of General Pathology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Cristina de Oliveira Massoco
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan Eric Strauss
- Laboratório de Vetores Virais, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner José Fávaro
- Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Nelson Durán
- Laboratory of Urogenital Carcinogenesis and Immunotherapy, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Denner Santos dos Anjos
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | | | - Andrigo Barbosa de Nardi
- Department of Veterinary Clinic and Surgery, Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Laboratory of Experimental and Comparative Oncology, Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Guillén A, Stiborova K, Ressel L, Blackwood L, Finotello R, Amores-Fuster I, Jama N, Killick D. Immunohistochemical expression and prognostic significance of MAGE-A in canine oral malignant melanoma. Res Vet Sci 2021; 137:226-234. [PMID: 34023546 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is considered a chemo-resistant cancer with a poor long-term prognosis. The melanoma-associated antigen A (MAGE-A) genes, which belong to the cancer-testis antigen family, are expressed in several different canine cancers but not in normal somatic tissue. This study evaluates the expression of MAGE-A proteins and their prognostic role in COMM. The study was conducted in 2 parts. During the first part, biopsies from oral malignant melanomas from 43 dogs were examined and immunohistochemically assessed for expression of MAGE-A proteins. For the second part, the association between MAGE-A expression and outcome was assessed using follow-up data which was available for 20 dogs whose primary tumour had been controlled with surgery +/- radiation therapy. MAGE-A proteins were expressed in 88.4% (38/43) of oral malignant melanomas and had a predominantly cytoplasmic expression pattern. Immunopositivity was observed in more than 50% of the cells in 21 dogs (48.8%). Immunostaining intensity was classified as weak, moderate and intense in 16 (37%), 16 (37%) and 6 (14%) cases, respectively. No staining for MAGE-A was seen in 5 dogs (11%). Dogs whose COMM had weak MAGE-A staining intensity had a median survival time (MST) of 320 days while this was 129 days for dogs with moderate and intense immunostaining (p = 0.161). Dogs whose COMM had >50% of positive staining neoplastic cells had an MST of 141 days and dogs with a staining <50% had an MST of 320 days (p = 0.164). MAGE-A expression did not influence survival in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Guillén
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK.
| | - Katerina Stiborova
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Lorenzo Ressel
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy Physiology and Pathology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Laura Blackwood
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Isabel Amores-Fuster
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
| | - Nimo Jama
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Killick
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Science, University of Liverpool, Neston CH64 7TE, UK
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16
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MOSCA A, GIBSON D, MASON SL, DOBSON J, GIULIANO A. A possible role of coarse fractionated radiotherapy in the management of gingival squamous cell carcinoma in dogs: A retrospective study of 21 cases from two referral centers in the UK. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:447-455. [PMID: 33487622 PMCID: PMC8025409 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Surgery with or without the addition of radiotherapy is the treatment of choice for canine oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Fractionated radiotherapy alone is also effective in the long-term control of the disease, however coarse fractionated radiotherapy (CF-RT) for gingival SCC has not been extensively reported. The aim of this study was to describe side effects, clinical response, and median survival time (MST) of dogs with gingival SCC treated with CF-RT in the palliative and adjuvant setting. Twenty-one cases from two referral centres in the UK treated with CF-RT for gingival SCC between July 2013 and June 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Of the 21 dogs, 11 developed mild acute adverse effects. Oral mucositis was the most common radiation induced toxicity. Three dogs developed chronic severe adverse effects (oro-nasal fistula, bone necrosis and gum recession). Overall clinical response rate was 77% in dogs receiving palliative treatment with MST of 365 days (60-1,095 days). MST was not reached for dogs treated in the adjuvant setting with a mean of 466 days (121-730 days). In cases of advanced gross disease CF-RT might have a role in short term palliation of clinical signs. However, it carries a significant risk of late toxicity for cases with unexpectedly long survival times and further investigations are required to identify an optimal CF-RT protocol. Randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm the role of CF-RT as adjuvant treatment of incompletely resected gingival SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea MOSCA
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge University Veterinary School, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Danielle GIBSON
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, 1 Bramston Way, Basildon SS15 6TP, UK
| | - Sarah L. MASON
- Southfields Veterinary Specialists, 1 Bramston Way, Basildon SS15 6TP, UK
| | - Jane DOBSON
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge University Veterinary School, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Antonio GIULIANO
- The Queen’s Veterinary School Hospital, Cambridge University Veterinary School, Madingley Rd, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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Palma SD, McConnell A, Verganti S, Starkey M. Review on Canine Oral Melanoma: An Undervalued Authentic Genetic Model of Human Oral Melanoma? Vet Pathol 2021; 58:881-889. [PMID: 33685309 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821996658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral melanoma (OM) is a highly aggressive tumor of the oral cavity in humans and dogs. Here we review the phenotypic similarities between the disease in these 2 species as the basis for the view that canine OM is a good model for the corresponding human disease. Utility of the "canine model" has likely been hindered by a paucity of information about the extent of the molecular genetic similarities between human and canine OMs. Current knowledge of the somatic alterations that underpin human tumorigenesis and metastatic progression is relatively limited, primarily due to the rarity of the disease in humans and consequent lack of opportunity for large-scale molecular analysis. The molecular genetic comparisons between human and canine OMs that have been completed indicate some overlap between the somatic mutation profiles of canine OMs and a subset of human OMs. However, further comparative studies featuring, in particular, larger numbers of human OMs are required to provide substantive evidence that canine OMs share mechanisms of tumorigenesis with at least a subset of human OMs. Future molecular genetic investigations of both human and canine OMs should investigate how primary tumors develop a metastatic gene expression signature and the genetic and epigenetic alterations specific to metastatic sites. Such studies may identify genetic alterations and pathways specific to the metastatic disease which could be targetable by new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Verganti
- 170851Dick White Referrals, Station Farm, Cambridgeshire, UK
| | - Mike Starkey
- 11661Animal Health Trust, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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18
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Nakaichi M, Iseri T, Horikirizono H, Sakai Y, Itoh H, Sunahara H, Itamoto K, Tani K. Clinical features and their course of pituitary carcinoma with distant metastasis in a dog. J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1671-1675. [PMID: 33028750 PMCID: PMC7719888 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old male toy poodle with neurological symptoms was diagnosed with a macroscopic pituitary tumor, which produced adrenocorticotropic hormone. Radiation therapy with a linear accelerator was performed for the pituitary tumor, and resulted in good local tumor control. However, serum endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were uncontrollable even after the tumor disappeared. Abdominal computed tomography revealed splenic masses, and splenectomy was performed. Histopathological examination of the surgical specimen showed tumor cells with eosinophilic and finely granular cytoplasm suggestive of endocrine origin. Since these cells were positive for adrenocorticotropic hormone, the case was diagnosed as a pituitary carcinoma with distant metastasis. Necropsy revealed multiple metastases to the abdominal organs. This is the first case report describing canine pituitary carcinoma with distant metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munekazu Nakaichi
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Toshie Iseri
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiro Horikirizono
- Department of Veterinary Radiology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yusuke Sakai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Harumichi Itoh
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sunahara
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Itamoto
- Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Science, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kenji Tani
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi-shi, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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Niemiec B, Gawor J, Nemec A, Clarke D, McLeod K, Tutt C, Gioso M, Steagall PV, Chandler M, Morgenegg G, Jouppi R. World Small Animal Veterinary Association Global Dental Guidelines. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:E36-E161. [PMID: 32715504 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental, oral, and maxillofacial diseases are some of the most common problems in small animal veterinary practice. These conditions create significant pain as well as localized and potentially systemic infection. As such, the World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA) believes that un- and under treated oral and dental diseases pose a significant animal welfare concern. Dentistry is an area of veterinary medicine which is still widely ignored and is subject to many myths and misconceptions. Effective teaching of veterinary dentistry in the veterinary school is the key to progression in this field of veterinary medicine, and to the improvement of welfare for all our patients globally. These guidelines were developed to provide veterinarians with the information required to understand best practices for dental therapy and create realistic minimum standards of care. Using the three-tiered continuing education system of WSAVA, the guidelines make global equipment and therapeutic recommendations and highlight the anaesthetic and welfare requirements for small animal patients. This document contains information on common oral and dental pathologies, diagnostic procedures (an easily implementable and repeatable scoring system for dental health, dental radiography and radiology) and treatments (periodontal therapy, extractions). Further, there are sections on anaesthesia and pain management for dental procedures, home dental care, nutritional information, and recommendations on the role of the universities in improving veterinary dentistry. A discussion of the deleterious effects of anaesthesia free dentistry (AFD) is included, as this procedure is ineffective at best and damaging at worst. Throughout the document the negative effects of undiagnosed and/or treated dental disease on the health and well-being of our patients, and how this equates to an animal welfare issue, is discussed.
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20
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Marconato L, Rohrer Bley C, Leone VF, Finotello R. An open-label dose escalation study evaluating tolerability and safety of a single 5-days course of temozolomide in dogs with advanced cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2020; 18:838-842. [PMID: 32510792 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Temozolomide is a novel oral alkylating agent that has schedule-dependent clinical activity in human malignant glioma and metastatic melanoma. Little is known about the efficacy of temozolomide in the treatment of canine solid cancers, where broad range of dosages have been used but no maximally tolerated dose (MTD) had been established. The aim of this this open-label, dose-escalating study was to determine MTD and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) of a single temozolomide cycle in dogs with advanced solid tumours. Temozolomide was administered as a 5-days course starting at 70 mg/m2 , using escalation of 10 mg/m2 increments with 3 dogs per dose level. MTD was established based on the number of dogs experiencing DLT assessed after 1 cycle. Safety evaluation was performed 10 days after dosing. Thirty-three client-owned dogs were enrolled. MTD was established at 150 mg/m2 and the most frequent adverse events (AEs) were hematologic and hepatic, followed by gastrointestinal, with the majority being self-resolving and of mild grade. VCOG grade 3 hepatic toxicity and grade 4 thrombocytopenia were defined as DLTs at 160 mg/m2 . A subcohort of dogs received multiple temozolomide doses on a 4-week cycle and no cumulative toxicity was documented. Conclusions of this study define temozolomide MTD at 150 mg/m2 when given once daily over 5 days. Future trials on the efficacy of temozolomide administered at its MTD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Riccardo Finotello
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Science, Institute of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Neston, UK
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21
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Turek M, LaDue T, Looper J, Nagata K, Shiomitsu K, Keyerleber M, Buchholz J, Gieger T, Hetzel S. Multimodality treatment including ONCEPT for canine oral melanoma: A retrospective analysis of 131 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2020; 61:471-480. [PMID: 32323424 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (OM) is an aggressive cancer with a high rate of metastasis. Surgery and/or radiotherapy (RT) are effective local treatments, yet many dogs succumb to distant metastasis. Immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy for this potentially immunogenic tumor. The objective of this multi-institutional retrospective study was to examine the clinical outcome of dogs with OM treated with ONCEPT melanoma vaccine. Most dogs also underwent surgery and/or RT (8 Gy × four weekly fractions). Dogs with distant metastasis at diagnosis and those receiving concurrent chemotherapy were excluded. One hundred thirty-one dogs treated with ONCEPT were included: 62 had adequate local tumor control defined as complete tumor excision or irradiation of residual microscopic disease; 15 were treated in the microscopic disease setting following an incomplete excision without adjuvant RT; and 54 had gross disease. Median time to progression, median progression-free survival, and median tumor-specific overall survival were 304, 260, and 510 days, respectively. In multivariable analysis, presence of gross disease correlated negatively with all measures of clinical outcome. Other negative prognostic indicators were primary tumor ≥2 cm, higher clinical stage (stages 2 and 3), presence of lymph node metastasis at diagnosis, and caudal location in the oral cavity. Radiotherapy had a protective effect against tumor progression. To date, this is the largest reported series of dogs with OM treated with ONCEPT. Several previously reported prognostic indicators were confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Turek
- Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Tracy LaDue
- Southeast Veterinary Oncology and Internal Medicine, Orange Park, Florida
| | - Jayme Looper
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Koichi Nagata
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Michele Keyerleber
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts
| | - Julia Buchholz
- Animal Oncology and Imaging Center, Hunenberg, Switzerland
| | - Tracy Gieger
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | - Scott Hetzel
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin
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22
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Wang Y, Liu M, Chen S, Wu Q. Plantamajoside represses the growth and metastasis of malignant melanoma. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:2296-2302. [PMID: 32104297 PMCID: PMC7027332 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Plantamajoside (PMS) has been shown to have anticancer effects and is the main compound of Plantago asiatica. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PMS on malignant melanoma and its molecular mechanisms. The malignant melanoma cell line A2058 was treated with different concentrations of PMS (0, 20, 80 and 160 µg/ml) for 24, 48 or 72 h, followed by cell viability detection using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay. The present results suggested that PMS inhibited cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, flow cytometry was used to analyze cell apoptosis, and Transwell assays were used to investigate cell migration and invasion. The present results suggested that PMS induced A2058 cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell invasion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. In order to study the molecular mechanism by which PMS inhibited malignant melanoma growth and metastasis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to determine the expression levels of apoptotic-related genes and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway-related proteins. The present results indicated that PMS inhibited the protein and mRNA expression of Bcl-2, and promoted the expression of Bax and caspase-3 in a dose-dependent manner. The protein expression level of phosphorylated-AKT was dose-dependently reduced by PMS treatment. Collectively, the present results suggested that PMS inhibited the invasion, migration and viability of malignant melanoma cells. In addition, PMS induced apoptosis by regulating the expression levels of apoptotic-related genes and the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thereby exerting anti-malignant melanoma effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, P.R. China
| | - Shenglan Chen
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Qin Wu
- College of Medical Technology, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
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23
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Zamboni C, Brocca G, Ferraresso S, Ferro S, Sammarco A, Dal Corso C, Iussich S, de Andres PJ, Martìnez de Merlo EM, Cavicchioli L, Zappulli V, Castagnaro M. Cyclin D1 immunohistochemical expression and somatic mutations in canine oral melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2019; 18:231-238. [PMID: 31503380 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Canine oral melanoma (COM) is the most frequent tumour with oral localization in dogs. Copy number gains and amplifications of CCND1, a gene coding for Cyclin D1, are the most frequent chromosomal aberrations described in human non-UV induced melanomas. Twenty-eight cases of COM were retrieved from paraffin-blocks archives. A total of 4 μm thick sections were immunostained with an antibody against human Cyclin D1 and Ki-67. Cyclin D1 and Ki-67 expressions were scored through two counting methods. DNA was extracted from 20 μm thick sections of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded blocks. Pathological and surrounding healthy tissue was extracted independently. Cyclin D1 immunolabelling was detected in 69% (18/26) while Ki-67 was present in 88.5% (23/26) of cases. Statistical analysis revealed correlation between two counting methods for Cyclin D1 (r = 0.54; P = .004) and Ki-67 (r = 0.56; P = .003). The correlation found between Ki-67 and Cyclin D1 indexes in 16/26 cases labelled by both antibodies (r = 0.7947; P = .0002) suggests a possible use of Cyclin D1 index as prognostic marker. Polymerase chain reaction analysis on CCND1 coding sequence revealed the presence of nine somatic mutations in seven samples producing synonymous, missense and stop codons. Since none of the single-nucleotide polymorphisms was found to be recurrent, it is suggested that overexpression of Cyclin D1 may be the consequence of alterations of CCND1 upstream regions or other genetic aberrations not detectable with the methodology used in this study. Future studies are needed to verify the potential use of Cyclin D1 index as prognostic indicator and to highlight the molecular events responsible for Cyclin D1 overexpression in COMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa Zamboni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Ginevra Brocca
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Serena Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Ferro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sammarco
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Dal Corso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Selina Iussich
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
| | - Paloma J de Andres
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena M Martìnez de Merlo
- Department of Animal Medicine Surgery and Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Cavicchioli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Valentina Zappulli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Castagnaro
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Legnaro, Padua, Italy
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24
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Canine Melanomas as Models for Human Melanomas: Clinical, Histological, and Genetic Comparison. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070501. [PMID: 31262050 PMCID: PMC6678806 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent genetic advances and numerous ongoing therapeutic trials, malignant melanoma remains fatal, and prognostic factors as well as more efficient treatments are needed. The development of such research strongly depends on the availability of appropriate models recapitulating all the features of human melanoma. The concept of comparative oncology, with the use of spontaneous canine models has recently acquired a unique value as a translational model. Canine malignant melanomas are naturally occurring cancers presenting striking homologies with human melanomas. As for many other cancers, dogs present surprising breed predispositions and higher frequency of certain subtypes per breed. Oral melanomas, which are much more frequent and highly severe in dogs and cutaneous melanomas with severe digital forms or uveal subtypes are subtypes presenting relevant homologies with their human counterparts, thus constituting close models for these human melanoma subtypes. This review addresses how canine and human melanoma subtypes compare based on their epidemiological, clinical, histological, and genetic characteristics, and how comparative oncology approaches can provide insights into rare and poorly characterized melanoma subtypes in humans that are frequent and breed-specific in dogs. We propose canine malignant melanomas as models for rare non-UV-induced human melanomas, especially mucosal melanomas. Naturally affected dogs offer the opportunity to decipher the genetics at both germline and somatic levels and to explore therapeutic options, with the dog entering preclinical trials as human patients, benefiting both dogs and humans.
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25
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Radiobiological Characterization of Canine Malignant Melanoma Cell Lines with Different Types of Ionizing Radiation and Efficacy Evaluation with Cytotoxic Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040841. [PMID: 30781345 PMCID: PMC6413050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant melanoma (CMM) is a locally and systemically aggressive cancer that shares many biological and clinical characteristics with human mucosal melanoma. Hypofractionated radiation protocols have been used to treat CMM but little is known about its radiation biology. This pilot study is designed to investigate response of CMM cell lines to various ionizing radiations and cytotoxic agents to better understand this canine cancer. Four CMM cell lines were evaluated by clonogenic survival assay under aerobic and hypoxic conditions and parameters such as alpha beta (α/β) ratio, oxygen enhancement ratio (OER), and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) were calculated after 137Cs, 6 megavoltage (MV) photon, or carbon ion irradiation. Six cytotoxic agents (cisplatin, camptothecin, mitomycin C, bleomycin, methtyl methanesulfonate and etoposide) were also assessed for their efficacy. Under aerobic condition with 6 MV photon, the α/β ratio of the four cell lines ranged from 0.3 to >100, indicating a wide variation of cellular sensitivity. The ratio increased under hypoxic condition compared to aerobic condition and this was more dramatic in 137Cs and 6 MV photon treatments. OER of carbon was lower than 137Cs at D10 in 3 of the 4 cell lines. The RBE values generally increased with the increase of LET. Different cell lines showed sensitivity/resistance to different cytotoxic agents. This study revealed that CMM has a wide range of radiosensitivity and that hypoxia can reduce it, indicating that widely used hypofractionated protocols may not be optimal for all CMM patients. Several cytotoxic agents that have never been clinically assessed can improve treatment outcome.
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26
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Milevoj N, Tratar UL, Nemec A, Brožič A, Žnidar K, Serša G, Čemažar M, Tozon N. A combination of electrochemotherapy, gene electrotransfer of plasmid encoding canine IL-12 and cytoreductive surgery in the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:40-49. [PMID: 30453179 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the combination of electrochemotherapy (ECT) with bleomycin and gene electrotransfer (GET) of plasmid encoding canine interleukin 12 (IL-12) for the treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). Our focus was to determine the effect of the treatment on achieving local tumor control and stimulation of an antitumor immune response. Nine dogs with histologically confirmed OMM stage I to III were included in a prospective, non-randomized study. The dogs were treated with a combination of cytoreductive surgery, ECT and IL-12 GET, which was repeated up to five times, depending on the clinical response to the treatment, evaluated according to the follow-up protocol (7, 14 and 28 days after, the last treatment). One month after treatment, the objective response (OR) rate was 67% (6/9). Median survival time (MST) was 6 months and, even though the disease progressed in 8/9 patients at the end of the observation period (2 to 22 months), four animals were euthanized due to tumor-unrelated reasons. In addition, we observed a decline in the percentage of regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood in the course of the treatment, which could be attributed to a systemic antitumor response to IL-12 GET. The results of this study suggest that a combination of ECT and IL-12 GET may be beneficial for dogs with OMM, especially when other treatment approaches are not acceptable due to their invasiveness or cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Milevoj
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Ana Nemec
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Brožič
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Žnidar
- University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Isola, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Serša
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Čemažar
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; University of Primorska, Faculty of Health Sciences, Polje 42, 6310 Isola, Slovenia
| | - Nataša Tozon
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Small Animal Clinic, Cesta v Mestni log 47, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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27
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Nolan MW, Dobson JM. The future of radiotherapy in small animals - should the fractions be coarse or fine? J Small Anim Pract 2018; 59:521-530. [DOI: 10.1111/jsap.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Nolan
- Department of Clinical Sciences; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27607 USA
| | - J. M. Dobson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB3 0ES UK
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28
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Dolera M, Malfassi L, Carrara N, Finesso S, Marcarini S, Mazza G, Pavesi S, Sala M, Urso G. Volumetric Modulated Arc (Radio) Therapy in Pets Treatment: The "La Cittadina Fondazione" Experience. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E30. [PMID: 29364837 PMCID: PMC5836062 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10020030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) is a modern technique, widely used in human radiotherapy, which allows a high dose to be delivered to tumor volumes and low doses to the surrounding organs at risk (OAR). Veterinary clinics takes advantage of this feature due to the small target volumes and distances between the target and the OAR. Sparing the OAR permits dose escalation, and hypofractionation regimens reduce the number of treatment sessions with a simpler manageability in the veterinary field. Multimodal volumes definition is mandatory for the small volumes involved and a positioning device precisely reproducible with a setup confirmation is needed before each session for avoiding missing the target. Additionally, the elaborate treatment plan must pursue hard constraints and objectives, and its feasibility must be evaluated with a per patient quality control. The aim of this work is to report results with regard to brain meningiomas and gliomas, trigeminal nerve tumors, brachial plexus tumors, adrenal tumors with vascular invasion and rabbit thymomas, in comparison with literature to determine if VMAT is a safe and viable alternative to surgery or chemotherapy alone, or as an adjuvant therapy in pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Dolera
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Luca Malfassi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Nancy Carrara
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Sara Finesso
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marcarini
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Mazza
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Simone Pavesi
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Massimo Sala
- La Cittadina Fondazione Studi e Ricerche Veterinarie, 26014 Romanengo, Italy.
| | - Gaetano Urso
- Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale della provincia di Lodi, 26841 Casalpusterlengo, Italy.
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von Bodungen U, Ruess K, Reif M, Biegel U. [Kombinierte Anwendung von Strahlentherapie und adjuvanter Therapie mit einem Mistelextrakt (Viscum album L.) zur Behandlung des oralen malignen Melanoms beim Hund: Eine retrospektive Studie]. Complement Med Res 2017; 24:358-363. [PMID: 29241194 DOI: 10.1159/000485743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hintergrund: Orale maligne Melanome (OMM) des Hundes zeichnen sich durch schnelles Wachstum, lokale Invasion und hohe Metastasierungsraten aus. Extrakte auf Basis von Viscum album L. (VAE) werden zunehmend in der Krebstherapie sowohl in der Human- als auch in der Veterinärmedizin eingesetzt. Ziel unserer Studie war es zu untersuchen, inwieweit die adjuvante Therapie mit VAE eine therapeutische Option zur Behandlung von OMM ist. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei der Überlebenszeit und möglichen Nebenwirkungen. Tiere und Methoden: 26 Hunde mit OMM, die in einem der größten veterinäronkologischen Zentren der Schweiz allesamt eine Strahlentherapie erhielten (teilweise nach operativer Tumorresektion) wurden in die retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen: 18 Hunde wurden mit VAE behandelt (1 ml VAE (Iscador®) in ansteigenden Konzentrationen von 0,1 bis 20 mg/ml subkutan 3-mal pro Woche (VAE-Gruppe), 8 erhielten keine adjuvante Behandlung (Vergleichsgruppe). Wir verglichen die Größenentwicklung der OMM sowie die Überlebenszeit. Ergebnisse: Patienten mit Bestrahlung und adjuvanter VAE-Therapie zeigten mit 236 Tagen eine signifikant längere mediane Überlebenszeit im Vergleich zu Patienten mit Bestrahlung, aber ohne adjuvante VAE-Therapie (49 Tage; Log-Rank-Test: p = 0,0047). Die VAE-Therapie verlängerte die Überlebenszeit um mehr als zwei Drittel (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0,30, 95%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 0,11-0,86; p = 0,024), während ein höheres Tumorstadium gemäß UICC (Union internationale contre le cancer) einen statistischen Trend zur Verdopplung des Sterberisikos zeigte (UICC-Stadium III/IV vs. I/II: HR = 2,12, 95%-KI 0,88-5,12; p = 0,095). Zwei Patienten zeigten milde Nebenwirkungen während der VAE-Behandlung. Einer der beiden zeigte 1 Tag lang ein selbstlimitiertes Fieber, bei dem anderen Patienten reduzierten wir die Dosis von einem konzentrierteren zu einem weniger konzentrierten VAE (Serie 0) aufgrund von Müdigkeit, die daraufhin verschwand. Schlussfolgerungen: VAE ist eine sichere, nebenwirkungsarme Behandlung und scheint sich positiv auf die Überlebenszeit von Hunden mit OMM auszuwirken. Somit ist dieser therapeutische Ansatz es wert, vermehrt bei der adjuvant zur Strahlentherapie eingesetzten Behandlung des OMM in Betracht gezogen zu werden. Die verglichenen Gruppen waren jedoch klein, divers und nicht konsistent hinsichtlich aller prognostischen Parameter. Eine prospektive Studie mit einer größeren Studienpopulation wäre daher von Interesse.
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30
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Treggiari E, Elliott JW, Baines SJ, Blackwood L. Temozolomide alone or in combination with doxorubicin as a rescue agent in 37 cases of canine multicentric lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2017; 16:194-201. [PMID: 28766920 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. Treggiari
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, School of Veterinary Science; Neston Cheshire UK
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands UK
| | - J. W. Elliott
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, School of Veterinary Science; Neston Cheshire UK
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands UK
| | - S. J. Baines
- Willows Veterinary Centre and Referral Service; Solihull West Midlands UK
| | - L. Blackwood
- Small Animal Teaching Hospital; University of Liverpool, School of Veterinary Science; Neston Cheshire UK
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31
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Nishiya AT, Massoco CO, Felizzola CR, Perlmann E, Batschinski K, Tedardi MV, Garcia JS, Mendonça PP, Teixeira TF, Zaidan Dagli ML. Comparative Aspects of Canine Melanoma. Vet Sci 2016; 3:vetsci3010007. [PMID: 29056717 PMCID: PMC5644618 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci3010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanomas are malignant neoplasms originating from melanocytes. They occur in most animal species, but the dog is considered the best animal model for the disease. Melanomas in dogs are most frequently found in the buccal cavity, but the skin, eyes, and digits are other common locations for these neoplasms. The aim of this review is to report etiological, epidemiological, pathological, and molecular aspects of melanomas in dogs. Furthermore, the particular biological behaviors of these tumors in the different body locations are shown. Insights into the therapeutic approaches are described. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and the outcomes after these treatments are presented. New therapeutic perspectives are also depicted. All efforts are geared toward better characterization and control of malignant melanomas in dogs, for the benefit of these companion animals, and also in an attempt to benefit the treatment of human melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Tomoko Nishiya
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Cristina Oliveira Massoco
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Claudia Ronca Felizzola
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Surgical Oncology Rua Antônio Alves Magan, 124, CEP 01251-150, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Perlmann
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Karen Batschinski
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Marcello Vannucci Tedardi
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Soares Garcia
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Priscila Pedra Mendonça
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Tarso Felipe Teixeira
- Pathology Veterinary Medicine, FEPI Itajubá University Center, Dr. Antonio Braga Filho Street, 687, Itajubá, 37.501-002 Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Maria Lucia Zaidan Dagli
- Department of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, CEP 05508-270, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Cancedda S, Marconato L, Meier V, Laganga P, Roos M, Leone VF, Rossi F, Bley CR. HYPOFRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY FOR MACROSCOPIC CANINE SOFT TISSUE SARCOMA: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF 50 CASES TREATED WITH A 5 × 6 GY PROTOCOL WITH OR WITHOUT METRONOMIC CHEMOTHERAPY. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2015; 57:75-83. [PMID: 26551348 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Wide surgical resection or a marginal/incomplete resection followed by full-course radiation therapy is the current standard of care for canine soft tissue sarcoma. The purpose of this retrospective, descriptive, bi-institutional study was to determine the effectiveness and toxicity of a hypofractionated 5 × 6 Gy protocol on macroscopic canine soft tissue sarcoma in terms of progression-free interval (PFI) and overall survival (OS), and to identify prognostic factors for patient outcome. Dogs with macroscopic soft tissue sarcoma irradiated with 5 × 6 Gy were eligible for the study. Progression-free interval and OS were compared with respect to different tumor and patient characteristics by the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariable Cox regression analysis. Fifty dogs with macroscopic disease were included. All dogs received the same radiation therapy protocol; part of the group (n = 20) received postradiation metronomic chemotherapy. Median PFI for all cases was 419 days (95% confidence interval (CI): 287-551) and median OS was 513 days (95% CI: 368-658). Dogs with tumors on the limbs had significantly longer PFI and OS, compared with head or trunk. Increasing tumor burden decreased OS. The addition of metronomic chemotherapy yielded a significantly longer OS (757 days (95% CI: 570-944) compared with dogs that did not receive systemic treatment (286 days (95% CI: 0-518), (P = 0.023)), but did not influence progression-free interval. Toxicity was low throughout all treatments. The 5 × 6 Gy radiation therapy protocol was well tolerated and provided long PFI and OS in dogs with macroscopic soft tissue sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Cancedda
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037, Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037, Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy
| | - Valeria Meier
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Laganga
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037, Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy
| | - Malgorzata Roos
- Division of Biostatistics, Epidemiology Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, CH-8001, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Vito F Leone
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037, Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy
| | - Federica Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario, 40037, Sasso Marconi (BO), Italy
| | - Carla Rohrer Bley
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, CH-8057, Zurich, Switzerland
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