1
|
Larrán B, López-Alonso M, Miranda M, Graña A, Rigueira L, Orjales I. Influence of haemolysis on blood biochemistry profiles in cattle. Res Vet Sci 2024; 171:105203. [PMID: 38432158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Although haemolysis is the most common source of preanalytical error in clinical laboratories, its influence on cattle biochemistry remains poorly understood. The effect of haemolysis and its clinical relevance were investigated in 70 samples in which haemolysis was artificially induced (by spiking with increasing amounts of haemolysate, yielding 0.0%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 10% haemolysis degree (HD)), focusing on key parameters for bovine metabolic health assessment, including albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium (Ca), cholesterol, creatinine, creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), globulins, magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total proteins (TP). Preanalytical haemolysis significantly affected most (8 of 14) of the biochemical parameters analysed, leading to significant increases in concentrations of albumin (starting at 5% HD), cholesterol (at 5% HD) and P (at 10% HD) and to significant decreases in Ca (at 2.5% HD), creatinine (at 5% HD), globulins (at 10% HD), TBIL (at 2.5% HD) and TP (at 10% HD). Comparison of the present and previous data indicated that, for each parameter, the HD required to produce significant bias and the clinical relevance of over- and underestimation are variable and appear to depend on the analytical technique used. Therefore, different laboratories should evaluate the influence of haemolysis in their analytical results and provide advice to clinicians accordingly. Affected parameters should be interpreted together with clinical signs and other analytical data to minimize misinterpretations (false or masked variations). Finally, due to the significant impact on numerous parameters and the limited potential for correction, we recommend rejection of samples with >10% HD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Marta Miranda
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Almudena Graña
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Orjales
- Rof-Codina Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain; Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, Campus Terra, University of Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Brans M, Marynissen S, Mortier F, Duchateau L, Daminet S, Paepe D. Effect of storage temperature and time on measurement of serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration using point-of-care and commercial laboratory analyzers in cats and dogs. J Vet Intern Med 2023; 37:1794-1805. [PMID: 37565515 PMCID: PMC10472997 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability of serum symmetric dimethylarginine (sSDMA) during short- and long-term storage has not been assessed for the immunoassay of the Point-of-Care IDEXX Catalyst DX (POC) analyzer and the Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique of IDEXX commercial laboratory (CL). Also, the agreement between both analyzers is questioned. OBJECTIVES To determine (a) the effect of storage time and temperature on sSDMA measured by POC and CL; (b) the agreement between sSDMA measured by POC and CL; and (c) the imprecision of the POC. ANIMALS Serum of cats (n = 17) and dogs (n = 18) with a range of SDMA concentrations (6 to >100 μg/dL). METHODS Based on an equivalence trial with predefined equivalence range (-3.0 to +3.0 μg/dL) and using T0 as baseline, stability was evaluated after 24 hours at 22°C and 4°C (POC); after 7 days at 4°C (POC and CL) and after 10 and 24 months at -24°C and -80°C (CL). Bland-Altman plots enabled method comparison. Imprecision of the POC was assessed by duplicate sSDMA measurements at T0. RESULTS The POC analyzer produced equivalent sSDMA measurements if samples were stored for 24 hours at 4°C (95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.5-2.0 μg/dL), but not when stored for 24 hours at room temperature (RT; 95% CI: -4.1 to 0.5 μg/dL) or after 7 days at 4°C (95% CI: -3.6-1.0 μg/dL). The CL analyzer was less affected by preanalytical variation with clinically similar results obtained when samples were stored for 7 days at 4°C (95% CI: -2.2 to 2.4 μg/dL) and for at least 24 months at -24°C (95% CI: -1.7 to 2.9 μg/dL) and -80°C (95% CI: -1.5 to 3 μg/dL). A relevant mean difference of -2.3 μg/dL between both analyzers was found. Duplicate POC measurements were equivalent (95% CI: -2.6 to 2.0 μg/dL). CONCLUSIONS Delayed analysis may significantly change sSDMA depending on storage and measurement conditions. Interchangeable use of assays should be done with caution because analytical variation could be interpreted as clinically relevant change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marleen Brans
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Sofie Marynissen
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Femke Mortier
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Luc Duchateau
- Department of Morphology, Imaging, Orthopedics, Rehabilitation, and NutritionGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Sylvie Daminet
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| | - Dominique Paepe
- Small Animal Department, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGhent UniversityGhentBelgium
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tümer KC, Kılınç MA. Evaluation of Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc-TD4235 point-of-care meters for measuring blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentration in sheep. Vet Clin Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36859602 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate and rapid measurement of blood β-hydroxybutyrate (β-OHB) concentrations is critical to identify hyperketonemia in sheep. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the performance of Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc-TD4235 point-of-care (POC) devices for measuring blood β-OHB concentrations in sheep. METHODS Venous blood samples from 105 sheep were evaluated with Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc-TD4235 meters. A reference approach was the laboratory measurement of serum BHB concentrations using the Randox D-3 Hydroxybutyrate reagent kit. Data were analyzed using Passing- Bablok regression and Bland-Altman analysis. The diagnostic accuracy was assessed using serum β-OHB concentration at a cut-off value of 0.8 mmol/L. RESULTS Passing-Bablok regression analysis revealed an intercept of 0.066 (CI95 : 0.018-0.125) and slope of 1.242 (CI95 : 1.136-1.342) for Freestyle Optium Neo H. Intercept and slope values for the TaiDoc-TD4235 meter were 0.625 (CI95 : 0.539-0.724) and 1.265 (CI95 : 1.044-1.497), respectively. The Bland-Altman plot revealed a bias of 0.224 mmol/L and 0.737 mmol/L for Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc-TD4235 meters, respectively, compared with the reference method. Observed Total Error (TEobs ) was 56.7% for the Freestyle Optium Neo H and 168.7% for the Taidoc-TD4235. The sensitivity and specificity for the Freestyle Optium Neo H were 100% and 80.9%, respectively, at the threshold of 0.8 mmol/L. The Taidoc-TD4235 demonstrated a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 8.9% at the threshold of 0.8 mmol/L. CONCLUSIONS Because of the large TEobs , the Freestyle Optium Neo H and TaiDoc-TD4235 meters should not be used to quantify blood β-OHB concentrations in sheep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan C Tümer
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kastamonu University, Kastamonu, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet A Kılınç
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hooijberg EH. Quality Assurance for Veterinary In-Clinic Laboratories. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2023; 53:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2022.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
5
|
Larrán B, López-Alonso M, Miranda M, Pereira V, Rigueira L, Suárez ML, Herrero-Latorre C. Measuring haemolysis in cattle serum by direct UV-VIS and RGB digital image-based methods. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13523. [PMID: 35941370 PMCID: PMC9360397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17842-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple, rapid procedure is required for the routine detection and quantification of haemolysis, one of the main sources of unreliable results in serum analysis. In this study, we compared two different approaches for the rapid determination of haemolysis in cattle serum. The first consisted of estimating haemolysis via a simple direct ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) spectrophotometric measurement of serum samples. The second involved analysis of red, green, blue (RGB) colour data extracted from digital images of serum samples and relating the haemoglobin (Hb) content by means of both univariate (R, G, B and intensity separately) and multivariate calibrations (R, G, B and intensity jointly) using partial least squares regression and artificial neural networks. The direct UV-VIS analysis and RGB-multivariate analysis using neural network methods were both appropriate for evaluating haemolysis in serum cattle samples. The procedures displayed good accuracy (mean recoveries of 100.7 and 102.1%, respectively), adequate precision (with coefficients of variation from 0.21 to 2.68%), limit of detection (0.14 and 0.21 g L-1, respectively), and linearity of up to 10 g L-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Larrán
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta López-Alonso
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Marta Miranda
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Víctor Pereira
- Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Lucas Rigueira
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - María Luisa Suárez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital "Rof-Codina", Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos Herrero-Latorre
- Research Institute on Chemical and Biological Analysis, Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Bromatology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Campus Terra, 27002, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Layssol-Lamour CJ, Granat FA, Sahal AM, Braun JPD, Trumel C, Bourgès-Abella NH. Improving the Quality of EDTA-treated Blood Specimens from Mice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:188-194. [PMID: 35022109 PMCID: PMC8956217 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nonterminal blood sampling in laboratory mice is a very common procedure. With the goal of improving animal welfare, different sampling sites and methods have been compared but have not achieved a consensus. Moreover, most of these studies overlooked the quality of blood specimens collected. The main preanalytical concern with EDTA-treated blood specimens for hematology analyses is platelet aggregation, which is known to cause analytical errors. Our objective was to find a nonterminal blood sampling method with minimal adverse effects on mice and few or no platelet aggregates. We tested and compared 2 collection sites, 4 sampling methods, and 3 antithrombotic drugs in 80 C57BL6/j male and female mice by evaluating platelet aggregates on blood smears and platelet, WBC, and RBC counts. In addition, the blood collection process was carefully evaluated, and adverse effects were recorded. Platelet aggregation was lower in specimens collected from the jugular vein than from the facial vein, with no effect of the sampling device or the presence of an antithrombotic additive. Highly aggregated specimens were significantly associated with lower platelet counts, whereas aggregation had no effect on WBC or RBC counts. Adverse events during sampling were significantly associated with more numerous platelet aggregates. The jugular vein is thus a satisfactory sampling site in mice in terms of both animal welfare and low platelet aggregation. Using antithrombotic agents appears to be unnecessary, whereas improving sampling conditions remains a key requirement to ensure the quality of EDTA-treated blood specimens from mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine J Layssol-Lamour
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Fanny A Granat
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | - Ambrine M Sahal
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, INSE=RM, Université de Toulouse; and
| | | | - Catherine Trumel
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| | - Nathalie H Bourgès-Abella
- Centre Régional d’Exploration Fonctionnelle et de Ressources Expérimentales (CREFRE), Université de Toulouse, UMR 1037,INSERM, UPS, ENVT
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rauserova-Lexmaulova L, Prokesova B, Blozonova A, Vanova-Uhrikova I, Rehakova K, Fusek M. Effects of the Administration of Different Buffered Balanced Crystalloid Solutions on Acid-Base and Electrolyte Status in Dogs with Gastric Dilation-Volvulus Syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. Top Companion Anim Med 2021; 46:100613. [PMID: 34737069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2021.100613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three different buffered balanced crystalloid solutions on acid-base status and electrolyte concentrations in dogs with gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome. METHODS The study design was a prospective, randomized clinical trial of 40 dogs. The dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups according to the fluid used: Hartmann's solution (H), Plasmalyte (PL), and Ringerfundin (RF). Hemoglobin, albumin, lactate, electrolyte, and acid-base parameters were determined before fluid administration (T0) and at the end of surgery (T1). Results were assessed by one-way ANOVA, Fisher's exact test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and a linear mixed-effect regression model. A significance level of 0.05 was used in all analyses. RESULTS Bicarbonate and base excess (BE) levels increased and chloride concentration decreased in the PL group; in contrast, strong ion difference apparent (SIDapp) decreased and chloride concentration increased in the RF group. The mixed-effect model confirmed a significant interaction between the type of solution and time on the changes in bicarbonate, BE, anion gap (AG), SIDapp, and chloride levels. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Significantly different effects in acid-base parameters were observed in dogs after intravenous administration of H, PL, and RF. However, clinical significance of these changes is lacking, requiring further investigation in a larger randomized controlled clinical trial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Rauserova-Lexmaulova
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Barbara Prokesova
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Blozonova
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Vanova-Uhrikova
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Rehakova
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Fusek
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Evaluation of hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress profile in calves under propofol anesthesia. Vet Res Commun 2021; 46:27-35. [PMID: 34478031 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09826-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Propofol is a widely used drug in veterinary medicine to induce anesthesia; as well as the chosen compound for protocols of intravenous anesthesia. The present study aimed to describe the hematological, biochemical and oxidative stress alterations in calves kept under anesthesia by propofol in different dosages. In order to achieve this, eight Holstein calves were induced using propofol in a 5 mg/kg dosage and maintained under continuous propofol infusion for 60 min, having being administered 0.6 mg/kg/h or 0.8 mg/kg/h in crossover design with seven days interval. Blood samples were collected immediately before the anesthesia induction (baseline), and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 h after the procedure started. Statistically relevant propofol influence was observed both in blood and biochemical parameters, with differences between dosages according to the time of infusion. The drug action over oxidative stress was also observed, causing a raise of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) with an uric acid increase. Additionally, the increase of triglycerides, induced by the anesthesia maintenance with propofol, caused lipemia in the samples, which was capable of interfering directly in the measurements made by refractometry and spectrophotometry. It was concluded that, in spite of propofol induced alterations in blood and biochemical parameters, such alterations are subtle. In addition to that, the drug presented an antioxidative effect, which reinstates the safety of anesthesia maintenance with propofol in calves.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ottka C, Vapalahti K, Puurunen J, Vahtera L, Lohi H. A novel canine nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy-based metabolomics platform: Validation and sample handling. Vet Clin Pathol 2021; 50:410-426. [PMID: 34431130 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolomics has been proven to be an invaluable research tool by providing comprehensive insight into systemic metabolism. However, the lack of scalable and quantitative methods with known reference intervals (RIs) and documented reproducibility has prevented the use of metabolomics in the clinical setting. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to validate the developed quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy-based metabolomics platform for canine serum and plasma samples and determine optimal sample handling conditions for its use. METHODS Altogether, 8247 canine samples were analyzed using a Bruker's 500 MHz NMR spectrometer. Using statistical approaches derived from international guidelines, we studied method precision, measurand stability in various long- and short-term storage conditions, as well as the effect of prolonged contact with red blood cells (RBCs), and differences among blood collection tubes. We also screened interferences with lipemia, hemolysis, and bilirubinemia. The results were compared against routine clinical chemistry methods, and RIs were defined for all measurands. RESULTS We determined RIs for 123 measurands, most of which were previously unpublished. The reproducibility of the results of the NMR platform appeared generally outstanding, and the integrity of the results can be ensured by following standard blood drawing and processing guidelines. CONCLUSIONS Owing to the advantages of quantitative results, high reproducibility, and scalability, this canine metabolomics platform holds great potential for numerous clinical and research applications to improve canine health and well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Ottka
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katariina Vapalahti
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Puurunen
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Vahtera
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hannes Lohi
- PetBiomics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
PAIRED BIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PIGMENTED PLASMA SAMPLES FROM ZOO-KEPT AMERICAN FLAMINGOS ( PHOENICOPTERUS RUBER) USING A POINT-OF-CARE AND A STANDARD WET CHEMISTRY ANALYZER. J Zoo Wildl Med 2021; 50:619-626. [PMID: 33517631 DOI: 10.1638/2017-0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
American flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) are commonly kept in zoological collections, making health monitoring essential. Use of point-of-care (POC) blood analyzers that require small volumes of whole blood samples produces prompt results allowing for rapid clinical decision-making. To evaluate and compare blood biochemistry analysis results analyzed by a POC biochemistry analyzer and a laboratory wet biochemistry analyzer, blood was collected from 17 apparently healthy zoo-kept American flamingos. Analyzer agreement was investigated using the Passing-Bablock regression analysis and Spearman correlation coefficients. Plasma samples from all birds were bright yellow in color. The results from the POC analyzer used in this study were found to be outside acceptance and clinical allowable error limits when compared with the laboratory analyzer for phosphorus (Phos), total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), glucose (Glu), creatine kinase (CK), and potassium (K). For aspartate aminotransferase (AST), results were within clinical allowable error but outside the acceptance limits, and for calcium (Ca) and sodium (Na), results were within both limits. The POC analyzer failed to measure the uric acid (UA) concentrations of all the samples, and reported all bile acids (BA) concentrations as below its minimal measurable limit. The use of analyzer-specific reference intervals is recommended for most analytes tested. The POC analyzer used in this study cannot be recommended for measuring UA concentrations in brightly colored samples from American flamingos.
Collapse
|
11
|
da Silva DAF, Fernandes AA, Ventrone AE, Dias A, Silveira AMS, Santarém CL, Ribeiro GGDS, Nogueira RMB. The influence of low-fidelity simulator training on canine peripheral venous puncture procedure. Vet World 2021; 14:410-418. [PMID: 33776306 PMCID: PMC7994116 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.410-418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Blood collection from dogs is the most commonly performed procedure in the medical clinic. However, different factors can interfere with the quality of the material collected, potentially causing complications for patients. Simulated skill training is a teaching strategy designed to provide early training to students, develop their skills and self-confidence, and increase the procedure’s success while reducing complications. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate skill training using a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examine the training’s influence on the in vivo procedure. Materials and Methods: To assess skill training, this study used a low-fidelity simulator in the peripheral venipuncture procedure and examines the training’s effect on the in vivo procedure. In total, 100 dogs, 65 undergraduate students, 3 veterinarians, and 4 previously trained evaluators participated. The canine in vivo venipuncture procedure was evaluated both before and after the simulated skill training and the low-fidelity simulator training. Data were collected on participants’ self-confidence levels. Results: Local complications occurred during in vivo practice; however, after training, they decreased. Gloves were more frequently used during the procedure, resulting in a reduction of both harvest attempts and complications, as well as increased levels of self-confidence in post-training participants. The simulator developed had low fidelity, low cost, and was easy to create. Conclusion: Skill training in peripheral venipuncture using a low-fidelity simulator positively influences student learning, increases their self-confidence during in vivo harvesting, and reduces the complications of the procedure, improving patient well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dayane Aparecida Francisco da Silva
- Laboratory of Simulation and Skills Training in Veterinary Medicine, School of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Angela Fernandes
- Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Program at Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Evellyn Ventrone
- Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Program at Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane Dias
- Veterinary Medicine Undergraduate Program at Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Siqueira Silveira
- Department of Support and Diagnosis, Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Pathology, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cecilia Laposy Santarém
- Department of Ph.D. Program in Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa Maria Barilli Nogueira
- Department of Ph.D. Program in Pathophysiology and Animal Health, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rossi G, Richardson A, Jamaludin H, Secombe C. Preanalytical variables affecting the measurement of serum paraoxonase-1 activity in horses. J Vet Diagn Invest 2021; 33:59-66. [PMID: 33225843 PMCID: PMC7758704 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720974745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity is a new inflammatory and oxidative marker. Technical effects and biological factors could affect the accuracy of PON-1 activity measurement. We investigated the effects of storage at different temperatures, repeated freeze-thaw cycles, interferences from hemolytic, lipemic, and icteric samples, and seasonal effects on PON-1 activity in horses. We evaluated 2 substrates with an automated spectrophotometer. Ten equine serum samples were stored under different conditions. Although storage at room (21°C) or refrigeration (4°C) temperature induced a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.05) in PON-1 activity, this is not diagnostically relevant. PON-1 activity in frozen samples (-20°C) was stable for short-term storage; diagnostically significant (p < 0.01) fluctuations were observed after 1 mo. Four repeated freeze-thaw cycles were assessed, and all cycles affected PON-1 activity (p < 0.01); however, this was diagnostically significant only after the 4th cycle. Hemolysis induced an overestimation of PON-1 activity; lipemia and hyperbilirubinemia did not change PON-1 activity. Thirty-four horses were sampled monthly for 1 y, and PON-1 activity was higher in autumn (p < 0.05) and winter (p < 0.05) than in spring and summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Rossi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Amy Richardson
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Hali Jamaludin
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cristy Secombe
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Villalba-Alemán E, Bustos X, Crisante G, de Jesús R, Mata J, Pereira F, Muñoz-Romo M. Hematological Characterization of Common Bats in Urban Areas from Mérida (Venezuela), and Observations on Possible Hemopathogens. ACTA CHIROPTEROLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3161/15081109acc2020.22.2.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evaristo Villalba-Alemán
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Xiomar Bustos
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Gladys Crisante
- Investigaciones Parasitológicas ‘J. F. Torrealba’, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Rosa de Jesús
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Juliris Mata
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Felipe Pereira
- Fundación Biocontacto, Avenida Alberto Carnevali, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| | - Mariana Muñoz-Romo
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Los Andes, Mérida 5101, Venezuela
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arnold JE, Camus MS, Freeman KP, Giori L, Hooijberg EH, Jeffery U, Korchia J, Meindel MJ, Moore AR, Sisson SC, Vap LM, Cook JR. ASVCP Guidelines: Principles of Quality Assurance and Standards for Veterinary Clinical Pathology (version 3.0): Developed by the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology's (ASVCP) Quality Assurance and Laboratory Standards (QALS) Committee. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 48:542-618. [PMID: 31889337 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Luca Giori
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Emma H Hooijberg
- Department of Companion Animal Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Unity Jeffery
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jérémie Korchia
- Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sandra C Sisson
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Linda M Vap
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Whipple KM, Leissinger MK, Beatty SS. Frequency and classification of errors in laboratory medicine at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:240-248. [PMID: 32301147 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accuracy of laboratory data is of utmost importance. Data regarding laboratory error in human laboratories are often extrapolated into veterinary settings. One study investigated the rate and type of errors in a European commercial veterinary laboratory, but that data might not directly apply to an educational setting. OBJECTIVES This study determined the frequency and type of errors in laboratory medicine at a veterinary teaching hospital. METHODS Errors associated with clinical pathology samples were recorded over two 60-day periods. The first period included a time when new students and house officers started at the veterinary school. The second time period was 6 months later. The errors were assigned to categories, and the frequency of each was calculated. Sample hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia were evaluated separately using an automated index, as these conditions could be pathologic or the result of error. Frequencies of error and hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia were assessed between the groups. RESULTS Total error rates were 4.7% and 3.5% for the first and second periods, respectively. The frequency of each error subclassification was similar to those observed in the veterinary and human literature, with preanalytic error predominating. Statistically significant differences in the overall error rate and percentage of preanalytic errors that occurred outside of and within the laboratory were observed comparing differences between the two periods. CONCLUSIONS The overall error rate in this veterinary teaching hospital was slightly higher than that previously reported in other settings, although a proportion of errors was as expected. Areas needing improvement were identified, and strategies to reduce error could be developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kellie M Whipple
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Mary K Leissinger
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah S Beatty
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic, and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Otway NM. Capture-induced exertional rhabdomyolysis in the Shortfin Mako Shark, Isurus oxyrinchus. Vet Clin Pathol 2020; 49:23-41. [PMID: 32090365 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Shortfin Mako sharks (Isurus oxyrinchus) are top-order predators in oceanic food chains. They are captured worldwide by commercial and recreational fisheries, but little is known about the effects that fishing has on the homeostasis and longevity of these animals. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess the health of Shortfin Mako sharks captured by recreational fishers off eastern Australia. METHODS Twenty-four sharks were captured, and their gender, length, weight, reproductive maturity, and stage were recorded. After blood and urine collection, serum analytes were quantified using standard biochemical methods, whereas urine was analyzed using semi-quantitative reagent strips, microscopic examination, centrifugation, and ammonium sulfate precipitation tests. RESULTS Six Makos presented with red-brown urine. The means of notable serum analytes were as follows: sodium 276 mmol/L, potassium 15.6 mmol/L, inorganic phosphate 10.6 mmol/L, magnesium 3.3 mmol/L, urea 325 mmol/L, creatinine 52 μmol/L, AST 2806 U/L, CK 240938 U/L, lactate 44.4 mmol/L, osmolarity 1160 mmol/L, and pH 7.13. These analytes differed from the respective sand tiger shark reference interval, which was used as a proxy for Makos. The red-brown urine was due to myoglobin and had a mean pH of 5.76 that, when combined with red-brown casts, led to a diagnosis of fishing-induced exertional rhabdomyolysis that occurred secondary to lactic acidosis, hypoxia, and hypovolemia. It was further exacerbated by hyperkalemia and acute renal failure, serious complications that often lead to mortality. CONCLUSIONS Practitioners caring for sharks and rays should consider collecting urine from free-living or aquarium animals when they are captured for examination and/or treatment, particularly at times with maximal seawater temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas M Otway
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rauserova-Lexmaulova L, Vanova-Uhrikova I, Rehakova K. Acid-Base, Electrolyte and Lactate Abnormalities as Well as Gastric Necrosis and Survival in Dogs With Gastric Dilation-Volvulus Syndrome. A Retrospective Study in 75 Dogs. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 39:100403. [PMID: 32482282 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gastric dilation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome in dogs is associated with complex metabolic, acid-base, and electrolyte abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate previously analyzed factors (lactate and BE) in combination with other acid-base parameters (pH, pCO2, bicarbonate, base excess [BE], anion gap [AG], and strong ion difference) and electrolyte concentrations and to evaluate their association with the incidence of gastric necrosis and outcome in dogs with GDV. A retrospective study in 75 dogs with gastric dilation-volvulus syndrome, University veterinary teaching hospital. Medical records were reviewed including signalment, history, initial plasma lactate, acid-base parameters, and electrolyte concentrations, surgical findings and outcome. The overall mortality was 18.7%. In dogs with gastric necrosis, higher initial plasma lactate (median 5.84 vs. 3.36 mmol/L) and AG (20.7 vs. 16.55 mmol/L) and lower pH (7.29 vs. 7.36), bicarbonate (18.7 vs. 22.9 mmol/L), and BE concentration (-8.1 vs. -1.85 mmol/L) were found compared to dogs without gastric necrosis. Anorganic phosphorus was the only electrolyte investigated for which a significant difference was noted between dogs with and without gastric necrosis (1.93 vs. 1.39 mmol/L). The initial plasma lactate concentration (3.36 mmol/L vs. 9.68 mmol/L) and AG (16.8 vs. 20.95 mmol/L) were lower in survivors than nonsurvivors. Survivors had higher pH (7.35 vs. 7.27), bicarbonate concentrations (22.9 vs. 17.35 mmol/L), and BE (-1.9 vs. -9.55 mmol/L) compared to nonsurvivors. Anorganic phosphorus was ultimately the only electrolyte with a significant difference between survivors and nonsurvivors (1.4 vs. 1.84 mmol/L). A multivariate logistic regression model of combination lactate, pH, bicarbonate, BE, AG, and anorganic phosphorus identified pH ≤7.331 and bicarbonate as factors independently associated with gastric necrosis. Similarly, pH ˃7.331, bicarbonate and anorganic phosphorus were independently associated with outcome. Higher initial plasma lactate, AG and anorganic phosphorus levels, and lower pH, BE and bicarbonate concentrations were found in GDV dogs with gastric necrosis. Similarly, initially higher plasma lactate, AG and anorganic phosphorus concentrations, and lower pH, BE and bicarbonate were found in GDV dogs who required euthanasia or who died after surgery. Of these parameters, pH and bicarbonate were strongly and independently associated with gastric necrosis, and pH, bicarbonate and phosphorus were independently associated with outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leona Rauserova-Lexmaulova
- Department of Surgery and Orthopedics, Small Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Ivana Vanova-Uhrikova
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Rehakova
- Small Animal Clinical Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Goodrich EL, Behling-Kelly E. Clinical Pathology of Donkeys and Mules. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2019; 35:433-455. [PMID: 31672198 DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the stoic nature of donkeys and their hybrids, it is important to consider the significance of diagnostic testing modalities that can provide objective health status information beyond the basic physical examination findings. However, clinical pathology assays are also fraught with significant limitations because the results for donkeys, mules, and hinnies can be difficult to interpret, and transference of data from the horse is not always applicable. This article presents considerations for sample collection, storage, analysis, and interpretation strategies for clinical pathology testing of donkeys and their hybrids based on the limited information available in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Goodrich
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, A1-212 AHDC, 240 Farrier Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Animal Health Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, S1-062 Schurman Hall, Tower Road, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Menard M, Lecoindre A, Cadoré JL, Chevallier M, Pagnon A, Hernandez J, Leal RO, Hugonnard M, Miette V, Destro M, Rannou B, Benchekroun G, Lecoindre P. Use of serum biomarkers in staging of canine hepatic fibrosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31:665-673. [PMID: 31347473 DOI: 10.1177/1040638719866881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate staging of hepatic fibrosis (HF) is important for treatment and prognosis of canine chronic hepatitis. HF scores are used in human medicine to indirectly stage and monitor HF, decreasing the need for liver biopsy. We developed a canine HF score to screen for moderate or greater HF. We included 96 dogs in our study, including 5 healthy dogs. A liver biopsy for histologic examination and a biochemistry profile were performed on all dogs. The dogs were randomly split into a training set of 58 dogs and a validation set of 38 dogs. A HF score that included alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, potassium, and gamma-glutamyl transferase was developed in the training set. Model performance was confirmed using the internal validation set, and was similar to the performance in the training set. The overall sensitivity and specificity for the study group were 80% and 70% respectively, with an area under the curve of 0.80 (0.71-0.90). This HF score could be used for indirect diagnosis of canine HF when biochemistry panels are performed on the Konelab 30i (Thermo Scientific), using reagents as in our study. External validation is required to determine if the score is sufficiently robust to utilize biochemical results measured in other laboratories with different instruments and methodologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Menard
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (Menard, Benchekroun)
| | - Alexis Lecoindre
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Jean-Luc Cadoré
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | | | - Juan Hernandez
- Internal Medicine Department, Centre Hospitalier Vétérinaire Frégis, Arcueil, France (Hernandez, Leal)
| | - Rodolpho Oliveira Leal
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal (Leal)
| | - Marine Hugonnard
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | | | | | - Benoît Rannou
- Laboratoire de biologie médicale (Rannou), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| | - Ghita Benchekroun
- Internal Medicine Department, Université Paris-Est, École Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France (Menard, Benchekroun)
| | - Patrick Lecoindre
- Internal Medicine Department (Lecoindre A, Cadoré, Hugonnard), VetAgro Sup Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, Marcy l'Étoile, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Eshar D, Avni-Magen N, Kaufman E, Beaufrère H. Effects of time and storage temperature on selected biochemical analytes in plasma of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). Am J Vet Res 2018; 79:852-857. [PMID: 30058847 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.79.8.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate effects of storage duration and temperature on biochemical analytes in plasma from red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). ANIMALS 8 red-eared sliders. PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected. Plasma was harvested and analyzed at room temperature (approx 23°C; time = 1 hour) and then fractioned into 0.1-mL aliquots that were stored at room temperature or were refrigerated (4°C) or frozen (-20°C). Biochemical analysis of stored samples was performed at 4 (room temperature), 8 (4°C), 24 (4°C), 48 (4° and -20°C), and 72 (-20°C) hours and at 7 days (-20°C). For each time point for each storage temperature, bias was calculated by subtracting values from the value obtained at 1 hour. Bias was modeled by use of a linear mixed model. RESULTS Storage temperature had a significant effect on several plasma biochemical analytes. In general, aspartate aminotransferase activity and uric acid, total protein, and potassium concentrations increased after storage at 4° and -20°C. Differences in values after storage were mostly within the acceptable range for allowable total error, except for calcium and potassium concentrations for samples stored at -20°C. Both storage temperatures increased variability of measurement results. Results for samples stored at room temperature for 4 hours did not differ significantly from values at 1 hour. Results differed significantly between refrigerated and frozen samples stored for 48 hours. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Short-term storage conditions influenced results for some biochemical analytes. These effects should be considered when performing biochemical analyses of plasma samples obtained from red-eared sliders.
Collapse
|
21
|
Eshar D, Gardhouse SM, Schwartz D, Beaufrere H. Reference Intervals for Plasma Biochemical Variables by Point-of-Care Testing in Captive Black-tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2018; 57. [PMID: 30208991 PMCID: PMC6241388 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-18-000021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) are kept in zoological collections, maintained as companion pets, and aretested in field and laboratory settings. Biochemical analysis for routine health and research purposes can be performed byusing point-of-care (POC) testing; however, analyzer- and species-specific reference intervals need to be determined. In this prospective study, 50 captive-raised sexually intact prairie dogs (16 females, 34 males) underwent plasma biochemical analysisby using a veterinary POC biochemical analyzer. We used a manufacturer-predetermined profile of 14 analytes: albumin, ALP,ALT, amylase, BUN, calcium, creatinine, glucose, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, total bilirubin, total protein and globulin.A subset of 17 samples was tested concurrently for the same 14 analytes by using a reference laboratory analyzer, and wedetermined RI for the POC analyzer for these 14 biochemical analytes. Sex had a significant effect on albumin and creatininevalues, which were higher in females than males, and on ALT, which was lower in females. In addition, age had an effect on9 plasma analytes: juvenile animals had higher plasma concentrations of albumin, ALP, ALT, BUN, and glucose than adultanimals, whereas adults had higher concentrations of creatinine, sodium, total protein, and globulins. Only calcium and BUNhad acceptable analytical agreement between the POC and reference analyzers. The reference intervals determined in this study can aid clinicians and researchers performing POC plasma biochemical analysis in prairie dogs, providing that they consider potential analyzer-, sex-, and age-related effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Eshar
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas
| | - Sara M Gardhouse
- Health Sciences Center, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Diana Schwartz
- The Department of Diagnostic Medicine–Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; and
| | - Hugues Beaufrere
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Bielohuby M, Bidlingmaier M, Schwahn U. Control of (pre)-analytical aspects in immunoassay measurements of metabolic hormones in rodents. Endocr Connect 2018; 7. [PMID: 29540488 PMCID: PMC5881432 DOI: 10.1530/ec-18-0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The measurement of circulating hormones by immunoassay remains a cornerstone in preclinical endocrine research. For scientists conducting and interpreting immunoassay measurements of rodent samples, the paramount aim usually is to obtain reliable and meaningful measurement data in order to draw conclusions on biological processes. However, the biological variability between samples is not the only variable affecting the readout of an immunoassay measurement and a considerable amount of unwanted or unintended variability can be quickly introduced during the pre-analytical and analytical phase. This review aims to increase the awareness for the factors 'pre-analytical' and 'analytical' variability particularly in the context of immunoassay measurement of circulating metabolic hormones in rodent samples. In addition, guidance is provided how to gain control over these variables and how to avoid common pitfalls associated with sample collection, processing, storage and measurement. Furthermore, recommendations are given on how to perform a basic validation of novel single and multiplex immunoassays for the measurement of metabolic hormones in rodents. Finally, practical examples from immunoassay measurements of plasma insulin in mice address the factors 'sampling site and inhalation anesthesia' as frequent sources of introducing an unwanted variability during the pre-analytical phase. The knowledge about the influence of both types of variability on the immunoassay measurement of circulating hormones as well as strategies to control these variables are crucial, on the one hand, for planning and realization of metabolic rodent studies and, on the other hand, for the generation and interpretation of meaningful immunoassay data from rodent samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research LaboratoriesMedizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwahn
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbHR&D, Industriepark Höchst, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cuq B, Blois SL, Wood RD, Monteith G, Abrams-Ogg AC, Bédard C, Wood GA. Reproducibility, stability, and biological variability of thrombin generation using calibrated automated thrombography in healthy dogs. Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 47:218-226. [DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Cuq
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Shauna L. Blois
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - R. Darren Wood
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Gabrielle Monteith
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Anthony C. Abrams-Ogg
- Department of Clinical Studies; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Christian Bédard
- Département de Pathologie et Microbiologie; Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire; Université de Montréal; Montreal QC Canada
| | - Geoffrey A. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology; Ontario Veterinary College; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Assessment of health status and the course of treatment of patients are often determined by results obtained from analysis of blood parameters. Errors in results can occur and cause inappropriate interpretation of laboratory data and, therefore, disease states. Electrolytes and minerals are particularly prone to spurious results; therefore, it is critical that factors influencing inappropriate resulting be recognized, and steps taken to minimize them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gorman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, 217 Magruder Hall 30th Street, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ramaiah L, Tomlinson L, Tripathi NK, Cregar LC, Vitsky A, Beust BV, Barlow VG, Reagan WJ, Ennulat D. Principles for Assessing Adversity in Toxicologic Clinical Pathology. Toxicol Pathol 2017; 45:260-266. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623316681646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
There is limited direction in the literature or regulatory guidance on determination of adversity for clinical pathology (CP) biomarkers in preclinical safety studies. Toxicologic clinical pathologists representing the American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology—Regulatory Affairs Committee and Society of Toxicologic Pathology—Clinical Pathology Interest Group identified principles, overall approach, and unique considerations for assessing adversity in CP data interpretation to provide a consensus opinion. Emphasized is the need for pathophysiologic context and a weight-of-evidence approach. Most CP biomarkers do not have the potential to be adverse in isolation, regardless of magnitude of change. Rather, they quantify or describe the impact of effects, provide adjunct or supportive information regarding a process or pathogenesis, and provide translational biomarkers of effect. Most often, CP changes are part of a constellation of findings that collectively are adverse. Thus, most CP changes must be interpreted in conjunction with other study findings and require contextual and integrative interpretation. Exceptions include critical CP changes without correlates that indicate a health risk in the tested species. Overall, CP changes should not be interpreted in isolation and their adversity is best addressed with an integrated approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lila Ramaiah
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Lindsay Tomlinson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Andover, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Allison Vitsky
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Braceland M, Houston K, Ashby A, Matthews C, Haining H, Rodger H, Eckersall PD. Technical pre-analytical effects on the clinical biochemistry of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2017; 40:29-40. [PMID: 27145526 PMCID: PMC5215511 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Clinical biochemistry has long been utilized in human and veterinary medicine as a vital diagnostic tool, but despite occasional studies showing its usefulness in monitoring health status in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), it has not yet been widely utilized within the aquaculture industry. This is due, in part, to a lack of an agreed protocol for collection and processing of blood prior to analysis. Moreover, while the analytical phase of clinical biochemistry is well controlled, there is a growing understanding that technical pre-analytical variables can influence analyte concentrations or activities. In addition, post-analytical interpretation of treatment effects is variable in the literature, thus making the true effect of sample treatment hard to evaluate. Therefore, a number of pre-analytical treatments have been investigated to examine their effect on analyte concentrations and activities. In addition, reference ranges for salmon plasma biochemical analytes have been established to inform veterinary practitioners and the aquaculture industry of the importance of clinical biochemistry in health and disease monitoring. Furthermore, a standardized protocol for blood collection has been proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Braceland
- The Centre For Aquaculture TechnologiesSouris, Prince Edward IslandCanada
- Present address: Center for Aquaculture Technologies20 Hope StreetSourisMBCanada
| | - K Houston
- School of Veterinary MedicineCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | | | - H Haining
- School of Veterinary MedicineCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - P D Eckersall
- Institute of BiodiversityAnimal Health and Comparative MedicineCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Friedrichs KR. Can evidence-based medicine be applied to the theory of reference intervals? Vet Clin Pathol 2016; 45:529-530. [PMID: 27977058 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen R Friedrichs
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
Synovial fluid analysis is a key component of the minimum database needed to diagnose and manage primary and secondary articular joint disorders. Unfortunately, preanalytical variables can drastically alter samples submitted for evaluation to veterinary laboratories and it is considered the stage at which most laboratory error occurs. This article addresses common sources of preanalytical variability and error that are seen in veterinary medicine. With consistent quality control and reporting of specimens, downstream clinical decision making and management of patients can be accelerated and improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn R Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1644 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Kelly S Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, 1644 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Camus MS. Quality control for the in-clinic veterinary laboratory and pre-analytic considerations for specialized diagnostic testing. Vet J 2016; 215:3-9. [PMID: 27017052 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This review, aimed primarily at general practitioners, focuses on quality assurance/quality control principles for all three phases of clinical pathology testing: preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic. Specific emphasis is placed on the preanalytic phase of diagnostic modalities for identifying neoplastic cells, specifically flow cytometry, PCR for antigen receptor rearrangement, and immunocytochemistry. Recommendations for establishing an in-clinic quality assurance system are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda S Camus
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Newman AW, Behling-Kelly E. Quality Assurance and Quality Control in Point-of-Care Testing. Top Companion Anim Med 2016; 31:2-10. [DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|