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Chan T, Koch SN, Devine S, Mendoza-Kuznetsova E. Oclacitinib therapy in two cats with refractory proliferative and necrotising otitis externa. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38818665 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Feline proliferative and necrotising otitis externa (PNOE) is a rare immune-mediated condition, usually self-limiting or responsive to immunosuppressants such as topical tacrolimus. This case report describes two cats with refractory PNOE that responded successfully to oclacitinib. One cat also had middle ear involvement and the other cat had extra-auricular dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Chan
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sandra Nogueira Koch
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samuel Devine
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Tham HL, Davis JL. Pharmacology of drugs used in autoimmune dermatopathies in cats and dogs: A narrative review. Vet Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38708551 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs are the mainstay of treatment for many feline and canine autoimmune skin diseases, either as monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Treatment with these drugs is often lifelong and may have long-term consequences on the affected animal's overall quality-of-life. Clinicians need to understand the pharmacology of immunosuppressants in planning and executing the treatment regimen for the best possible clinical outcome, as well as reducing the risk of adverse effects. This review paper will focus on the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, clinical uses and adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs used to treat autoimmune dermatoses in cats and dogs. These include glucocorticoids, ciclosporin A, azathioprine, chlorambucil, mycophenolate mofetil, oclacitinib and Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng L Tham
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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De León‐Robles E, Colmenares M, Calderón GM. Case report of canine discoid lupus erythematosus in Guatemala. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1264. [PMID: 38037858 PMCID: PMC10951629 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
An 11-year-old male Golden Retriever was presented for consultation due to a chronic progressive lesion on the nose that had started a year before. The majority of the nasal mucosa was affected, with the disruption of the normal architecture, pigment atrophy and abundant peeling on the rostral plane. Histopathology revealed a band of lichenoid infiltrate at the interface and vacuolation of the cells in the basal layer consistent with a diagnosis of canine discoid lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany De León‐Robles
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, BiológicasBiomédicas y Biofísicas, Universidad Mariano Gálvez. 3a Avenida 9‐00 zona 2, 01002, Interior Finca El ZapoteCiudad de GuatemalaGuatemala
| | | | - Gylari Mhelanya Calderón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, BiológicasBiomédicas y Biofísicas, Universidad Mariano Gálvez. 3a Avenida 9‐00 zona 2, 01002, Interior Finca El ZapoteCiudad de GuatemalaGuatemala
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4
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Pérez-Aranda M, Yotti C, Pérez J, Ginel PJ. Successful treatment of sebaceous adenitis with oclacitinib and low-dose prednisolone in a dog. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:238-241. [PMID: 37968244 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Finding an effective and well-tolerated treatment for canine idiopathic sebaceous adenitis (ISA) can be challenging. This case report describes an 8-year-old male Rottweiler with ISA successfully treated with a combination of oclacitinib and low doses of prednisolone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Yotti
- SKINPET Medivet Veterinary Dermatology Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Judith Pérez
- SKINPET Medivet Veterinary Dermatology Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro J Ginel
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
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Wyatt EK, Schmidt V, Legnani S. Canine cutaneous lupus erythematosus with prominent interdigital lesions in two greyhounds. Vet Dermatol 2024; 35:242-246. [PMID: 38044797 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CCLE) is a well-described, yet uncommon, autoimmune disease which can present clinically with different variants. This case report describes the clinical and histopathological presentation, and treatment response, of CCLE affecting a novel location, the interdigital skin, in two unrelated greyhounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor K Wyatt
- The University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK
| | - Vanessa Schmidt
- The University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK
| | - Sara Legnani
- The University of Liverpool School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, Cheshire, UK
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6
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Starr H, Howerth EW, Leon R, Gogal RM, Banovic F. Microarray Gene Expression Analysis of Lesional Skin in Canine Pemphigus Foliaceus. Vet Sci 2024; 11:89. [PMID: 38393106 PMCID: PMC10893259 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is considered the most common autoimmune skin disease in dogs; the mechanism of PF disease development is currently poorly understood. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize the molecular mechanisms and altered biological pathways in the skin lesions of canine PF patients. Using an RNA microarray on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples, we analyzed the transcriptome of canine PF lesional skin (n = 7) compared to healthy skin (n = 5). Of the 800 genes analyzed, 420 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p < 0.05) were found. Of those, 338 genes were significantly upregulated, including pro-inflammatory and Th17-related genes. Cell type profiling found enhancement of several cell types, such as neutrophils, T-cells, and macrophages, in PF skin compared to healthy skin. Enrichment analyses of the upregulated DEGs resulted in 78 statistically significant process networks (FDR < 0.05), including the Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. In conclusion, canine PF lesional immune signature resembles previously published changes in human pemphigus skin lesions. Further studies with canine PF lesional skin using next-generation sequencing (e.g., RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics, etc.) and the development of canine keratinocyte/skin explant PF models are needed to elucidate the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Starr
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Elizabeth W. Howerth
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Renato Leon
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
| | - Robert M. Gogal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Frane Banovic
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (H.S.); (R.L.)
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Hernandez-Bures A, Bidot WA, Griffin CE, Rosenkrantz WS. The use of oclacitinib compared to azathioprine in the management of canine pemphigus foliaceus: A retrospective analysis. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:554-566. [PMID: 37700599 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oclacitinib (Apoquel; Zoetis) has been reported to be beneficial for treating immune-mediated disorders. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES This retrospective study evaluates in which group of dogs [oclacitinib (OC) or azathioprine (AZ)] remission of pemphigus foliaceus (PF) was more effectively achieved with matched induction dosing of glucocorticoids; it further evaluates which group had a higher glucocorticoid-sparing effect. ANIMALS Review of 30 medical records of dogs diagnosed with PF presented to a private practice dermatological service. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of dogs diagnosed with PF and treated with OC or AZ in combination with glucocorticoids. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the ability to induce remission between AZ and OC groups. In the AZ group, 13 of 15 dogs went into some type of remission (partial or complete), compared with 11 of 15 in the OC group. There was no significant difference between the two groups for the glucocorticoid-sparing effect. The AZ group had an average reduction of 77.9% from the induction glucocorticoid dose, and OC group had an average reduction of 64.4%. One of 15 patients in the AZ group and three of 15 patients in the OC group had a 100% reduction of the glucocorticoid dose. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results indicate that OC can be considered as a treatment option for canine PF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wille A Bidot
- Office of Animal Resources, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
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Harvey R, Horton H. Successful treatment of perianal fistulas in two dogs with oclacitinib. Vet Dermatol 2023; 34:483-486. [PMID: 37184056 DOI: 10.1111/vde.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Perianal fistula (PAF) formation in dogs is a frustrating and painful disease, occurring primarily in German shepherd dogs. Ciclosporin has become the recommended treatment of choice yet may be associated with numerous adverse effects. This case report describes the successful treatment of two cases of PAF with oclacitinib.
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Yuki M, Taira H, Narita M, Inden T, Yokota S, Naito E, Maeda S. Complete remission of two canine cases with precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia after combination therapy with prednisolone, cyclosporine, and oclacitinib. Open Vet J 2023; 13:1205-1211. [PMID: 37842117 PMCID: PMC10576580 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2023.v13.i9.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Precursor-targeted immune-mediated anemia (PIMA) has been described in dogs presenting with nonregenerative anemia and evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis. Although it has been suggested that its occurrence may be related to the immune targeting of erythroid precursors, this pathogenesis has not been established. PIMA is mainly treated with glucocorticoids, and in cases where glucocorticoids alone are not effective, immunosuppressants are also used as combination therapy. However, not all cases of PIMA go into remission after these treatments. Case Description Two dogs with severe nonregenerative anemia diagnosed as PIMA based on the results of clinical pathological examinations, including bone marrow examination, were treated with whole-blood transfusion and immunosuppressive doses of prednisolone, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine. However, these treatments failed to achieve remission of PIMA. Therefore, concomitant administration of oclacitinib, which is a Janus kinase-1 inhibitor that has been applied recently to the treatment of immune-mediated diseases, was performed; this combined regimen improved the anemia and achieved complete remission of PIMA. Conclusion Oclacitinib may be an option for the treatment of PIMA in dogs failing to achieve remission with conventional immunosuppressive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Yuki
- Yuki Animal Hospital, Minato-ku, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Shunya Yokota
- Yuki Animal Hospital, Minato-ku, Japan
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Sadatoshi Maeda
- The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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