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González‐Domínguez A, Cristobal‐Verdejo JI, López‐Espinar C, Fontela‐González S, Vázquez S, Justo‐Domínguez J, González‐Caramazana J, Bragado‐Cuesta M, Álvarez‐Punzano A, Herrería‐Bustillo VJ. Retrospective evaluation of hematological ratios in canine parvovirosis: 401 cases. J Vet Intern Med 2024; 38:161-166. [PMID: 38100467 PMCID: PMC10800196 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) as prognostic indicators has not been investigated in canine parvovirosis (CPV). HYPOTHESIS To evaluate whether these hematological ratios obtained at hospital admission in CPV are associated with outcome or duration of hospitalization. ANIMALS Four hundred one client-owned dogs presented with CPV. Methods-Retrospective multicenter cohort study. Medical records were reviewed to identify dogs with CPV. Data regarding signalment, complete blood count at admission, duration of hospitalization and outcome were collected. RESULTS Of the 401 dogs included in the study, 336 (83.8%) survived to discharge. The median (25th and 75th percentiles) PLR in nonsurvivors (336.56 [159.84-635.77]) was significantly higher than in survivors (217.65 [117.67-389.65]) (P = .003). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for nonsurvival was 0.615 (95% CI [0.593-0.691], P = .003). A cut off of 700 showed a 21.5% sensitivity and 90% specificity for nonsurvival. No association was observed between hospitalization duration and either hematological ratios or total WBC counts. The median (25th and 75th percentiles) lymphocyte count was below reference interval in all dogs and was significantly lower in the dogs which died (0.82 × 109 /L [0.5-1.87]) than in survivors (1.27 × 109 /L [0.73-2.22]) (P = .005). The median (25th and 75th percentiles) monocyte count however was lower in survivors (0.38 × 109 /L [0.29-1.59]), than in nonsurvivors (0.73 × 109 /L [0.1-2]) (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of PLR at hospital admission might be a useful marker of disease severity and could have prognostic value in dogs with CPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea González‐Domínguez
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Catholic University of Valencia—Emergency and critical careValenciaSpain
- Universidad de Leon—Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Emergency and Critical CareLeonCastilla y LeónSpain
| | | | | | | | - Sergio Vázquez
- Servicio de Oncología, IVC Evidensia Aúna Especialidades VeterinariasValenciaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Alicia Álvarez‐Punzano
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Alfonso X El Sabio—Emergency and Critical CareMadridSpain
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Shahbazi Asil M, Zarifian N, Valafar A, Shirani D, Mehrzad J. Noticeable immune dysregulation-and-suppression in parvovirus affected dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2023; 265:110663. [PMID: 37939594 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2023.110663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is one of the most common causes of infectious diarrhea in small animals, with high mortality and morbidity. Information on the specific treatment option(s) for CPV diseases (CPVD) is unachievably little. So, the treatment is mainly supportive one. Disruption of dog's innate immune system in viral diseases simply occurs; presumably, the CPV-2 may change the level of some TLRs, interleukins, CD4 and CD8 in the leukocytes of CPVD dogs, and disruptive activities of these immune molecules might be attributable to severe CPVD in dogs. Study on the role of the key immune molecules in CPVD is rare. Herein, by conducting and relating the clinical, para-clinical, immunological and molecular diagnostic tests, we tried to establish how some key immune molecules behave in blood of parvovirus affected dogs. As such, in the 1st study, the mRNA levels of TLR2, TLR4, TLR9, IL-1β, IL-6, CD4 and CD8 genes in the leukocytes of CPVD were assessed with quantitative (q)RT-PCR along with CPV-2 detection by rapid immunochromatography and PCR tests. In a 2nd study, the same measurements as in the 1st study were evaluated in two groups of mild versus severe clinical signs of CPVD. Both in the 1st and the 2nd studies leukopenia, much more pronounced in the severe CPVD, and immune dysregulation were observed. In the 1st study, a noticeable increase in the mRNA levels of TLR2 and TLR4 was detected with a slight decrease in TLR9 and a significant decrease in the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, CD4 and CD8 in leukocytes of CPV-infected dogs. Compared to the mild CPVD, the intense of downregulating effects on those immune molecules in the 2nd study was remarkably much more pronounced in the severe CPVD. Overall, it proves strong immune dysregulation and suppression/incompetence and potential T-cells exhaustion in severely CPV-2-affected dogs. Technically and clinically, this would be substantially applicable in canine medicine. By targeting those key immune molecules and their signaling pathways, new clinicodiagnostic approaches for CPVD can be evolved, and biotechnicoclinically this would be substantially applicable in all physiopathological conditions of dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Shahbazi Asil
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Zarifian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Valafar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Darioush Shirani
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalil Mehrzad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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dos Santos TG, Orlandin JR, de Almeida MF, Scassiotti RF, Oliveira VC, Santos SIP, Pereira VM, Pinto PAF, Mariano CG, Ambrósio CE. Ozone therapy: protocol for treating canine parvovirus infection. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2023; 45:e004622. [PMID: 36819842 PMCID: PMC9930911 DOI: 10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm004622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine Parvovirus infection is a disease caused by Canine Parvovirus (CPV) that results in hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and secondary infections, mainly in puppies between six weeks and six months old that are not immunized. Since there is no specific treatment for the condition, supportive therapy based on antibiotics, antiemetics, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is traditionally used. Ozone therapy is an economical treatment that has bactericidal, fungicidal, and antiviral properties, besides promoting oxygenation and tissue regeneration, as well as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, and was used as a complementary therapy in this study. Therefore, four mixed-breed dogs, aged between 2 and 3 months, with no previous immunization against CPV and testing positive for the virus in a rapid test were selected. The animals were randomly distributed into two groups, being 1: the control group (n=2) that received only supportive treatment; and 2: the experimental group (n=2), that in addition to conventional therapy received intravenously 500 mL of ozonized Ringer's Lactate solution. Before treatment and after 24 and 48 hours, the following clinical signs were evaluated: episodes of emesis and diarrhea, weight, hydration, blood glucose level, abdominal pain, and blood count. One control group animal died within the first hours of hospitalization. Both animals in the experimental group presented faster resolution of diarrheal episodes and shorter hospitalization time when compared to the surviving animal that received only supportive treatment. Although further studies are needed, ozone therapy showed promising results for the treatment of canine parvovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Gonçalves dos Santos
- Undergaduate in Veterinary MedicineDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilUndergaduate in Veterinary Medicine, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil,Correspondence
Tiago Gonçalves dos Santos; Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
Laboratório de Cultivo de Células Tronco e Terapia Gênica, Departamento de Medicina, Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo - USP
Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, ZMV, Campus USP
CEP 13635-900 - Pirassununga (SP), Brasil
E-mail: ;
| | - Jéssica Rodrigues Orlandin
- VeterinarianDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilVeterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Ferreira de Almeida
- Undergaduate in Veterinary MedicineDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilUndergaduate in Veterinary Medicine, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Ferreira Scassiotti
- VeterinarianDepartamento de Medicina Veterinária Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilVeterinarian, MSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Oliveira
- BiologistDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilBiologist, DSc, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
| | - Sarah Ingrid Pinto Santos
- VeterinarianDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilVeterinarian, DSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Vitória Mattos Pereira
- Undergaduate in Veterinary MedicineDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilUndergaduate in Veterinary Medicine, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Avelino Ferreira Pinto
- PhysiotherapistDepartamento de CirurgiaFaculdade de Medicina Veterinária e ZootecniaPirassunungaSPBrazilPhysiotherapist, MSc, Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Clésio Gomes Mariano
- BiologistDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilBiologist, MSc. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- VeterinarianDepartamento de Medicina VeterináriaFaculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de AlimentosPirassunungaSPBrazilVeterinarian, DSc, Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, SP, Brazil.
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Changes in Mass Treatment of the Canine Parvovirus ICU Population in Relation to Public Policy Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses 2020; 12:v12121419. [PMID: 33321892 PMCID: PMC7763010 DOI: 10.3390/v12121419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work has indicated that canine parvovirus (CPV) prevalence in the Central Texas region may follow yearly, periodic patterns. The peak in CPV infection rates occurs during the summer months of May and June, marking a distinct “CPV season”. We hypothesized that human activity contributes to these seasonal changes in CPV infections. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in drastic changes in human behavior which happened to synchronize with the CPV season in Central Texas, providing a unique opportunity with which to assess whether these society-level behavioral changes result in appreciable changes in CPV patient populations in the largest CPV treatment facility in Texas. In this work, we examine the population of CPV-infected patients at a large, dedicated CPV treatment clinic in Texas (having treated more than 5000 CPV-positive dogs in the last decade) and demonstrate that societal–behavioral changes due to COVID-19 were associated with a drastic reduction in CPV infections. This reduction occurred precisely when CPV season would typically begin, during the period immediately following state-wide “reopening” of business and facilities, resulting in a change in the typical CPV season when compared with previous years. These results provide evidence that changes in human activity may, in some way, contribute to changes in rates of CPV infection in the Central Texas region.
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