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Perfetti S, Mugnai M, Citi S, Marconato L, Foglia A, Sabattini S, Linta N, Diana A. Role of CT in the Staging of Colorectal Tumors: A Preliminary Study on 10 Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1521. [PMID: 38891567 PMCID: PMC11171116 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to define the CT features of colorectal tumors in dogs and assess CT's role in tumor staging. It was a retrospective, multicenter, descriptive study involving dogs with a cyto-histopathological diagnosis of colorectal tumors and high-quality pre- and post-contrast CT scans of the abdomen. CT successfully identified colorectal lesions in all cases, showing variations such as wall thickening, presence of masses, and luminal stenosis. It also detected lymph node involvement. Overall, this study helps us to understand the CT features of both epithelial and mesenchymal colorectal tumors, emphasizing CT's importance in staging and surgical planning for affected dogs. Larger studies are needed to identify specific CT findings for different colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Perfetti
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Martina Mugnai
- AniCura Istituto Veterinario di Novara, 28060 Granozzo con Monticello, Italy;
| | - Simonetta Citi
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Armando Foglia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Nikolina Linta
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessia Diana
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, University of Bologna, 40064 Ozzano dell’Emilia, Italy; (L.M.); (A.F.); (S.S.); (N.L.); (A.D.)
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Tanaka T, Wada Y, Tomihari M, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Diameter of the shunt vessel in dogs with incidental extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Anat Histol Embryol 2023; 52:815-820. [PMID: 37173857 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Clinical signs of extrahepatic portosystemic shunts (EHPSS) depend on the amount of blood shunted. In this study, dogs with EHPSS without noticeable clinical signs including 34 left gastro-phrenic, 3 left gastro-azygos and 2 left spleno-gonadal shunts were evaluated. In dogs with EHPSS without noticeable clinical signs, the median maximum diameter of the shunt vessel was significantly smaller compared to PV (p < 0.005). Whenever the diameter of the EHPSS is small in relation to the diameter of the PV, it seems likely that no obvious clinical signs of EHPSS are observed by the owners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
- Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute & Veterinary Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Center, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mizuki Tomihari
- Laboratory of Veterinary Advanced Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
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Holle HM, Ghilagaber G, Drees R. Evaluation of the normal gastrointestinal tract in cats using dual-phase computed tomography. J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:463-476. [PMID: 36990464 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In cats, although ultrasonography remains the preferred modality to evaluate the gastrointestinal tract, computed tomographic (CT) examination of the abdomen is commonly performed. However, a normal description of the gastrointestinal tract is lacking. This study describes the conspicuity and contrast enhancement pattern of the normal gastrointestinal tract in cats using dual-phase CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Pre- and dual-phase postcontrast (early scan at 30 seconds and late scan mean at 84 seconds) abdominal CT exams of 39 cats without history, clinical signs or diagnosis of gastrointestinal disease were reviewed. The gastrointestinal tract was examined for conspicuity and enhancement pattern using commercially available viewing software (Osirix, v.6.5.2), and diameters of 16 gastrointestinal segments were recorded and compared with published radiographic and ultrasonographic reference values. RESULTS Of the 624 gastrointestinal segments, 530 (84.9%) were identified on precontrast studies and 545 (87.3%) segments on postcontrast studies. Of the gastrointestinal wall segments, 257 (41.2%) were identified on precontrast studies and 314 (50.3%) on postcontrast studies. Gastrointestinal segment diameters correlated well with published normal values, whereas wall thickness measurements usually were smaller compared with sonographic normal values. Early mucosal surface enhancement was frequently seen in the gastric cardia and fundus and ileocolic junction, and a mainly transmural wall enhancement in other gastrointestinal segments. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Dual-phase CT allows for the identification of gastrointestinal tract segments and walls in cats. Contrast enhancement improves conspicuity and demonstrates wall layering in the cardia, fundus and ileocolic junction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Holle
- AniCura Small Animal Hospital Albano, Rinkebyvägen 21A, 18236, Danderyd, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Ghilagaber
- Department of Statistics, Stockholm University, Albanovägen 12, Building 4, 6th Floor, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Drees
- Department Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Hawkshead Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA London, UK
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Tanaka T, Wada Y, Noguchi S, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Contrast-enhanced CT features of pyloric lesions in 17 dogs: Case series. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:262-270. [PMID: 36571176 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyloric outflow obstructions can be caused by several types of lesions. When a thickened gastric wall and pyloric mass are detected, malignant neoplasia must be differentiated from chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy. CT can characterize gastric tumors. However, based on the authors' review of the literature, there is limited information about the CT findings of pyloric lesions. The purpose of this retrospective case series study was to assess the CT findings of canine pyloric lesions. The following CT parameters were recorded: anatomical area, involved area, lesion shape, growth patterns of wall thickening lesions, enhancement pattern of the lesion in the early and delayed phases, lymphomegaly, and pulmonary metastasis. Seventeen dogs were included in this study and had the following final diagnoses: hyperplasia (five dogs), adenoma (five dogs), adenocarcinoma (three dogs), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST; two dogs), polyposis (one dog), and pyogenic granuloma (one dog). Hyperplasia, adenoma, and polyposis formed mass lesions that involved the mucosal layer. Lymphomegaly was detected in two Jack Russell terriers with hyperplasia; however, the causes were unknown because we did not perform biopsies. All adenocarcinomas formed wall-thickened lesion that involved the outer layer, with lymphomegaly. All GISTs formed mass lesion that involved the outer layer. The pyogenic granulomas formed symmetric wall-thickened lesion that involved the mucosal and outer layers. CT facilitated the characterization of canine pyloric lesions using contrast enhancement, based on the involved area and lesion shape. However, polyposis may require caution in diagnosis based on CT findings alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan.,Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute & Veterinary Clinic, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Center, School of veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, School of veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, School of veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
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5
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De Magistris AV, Rossi F, Valenti P, Anson A, Penninck DG, Agut A, Specchi S. CT features of gastrointestinal spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors in 41 dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:271-282. [PMID: 36382620 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is sparse published information on computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of canine gastrointestinal tumors. The purposes of this multi-center, retrospective, descriptive study were to describe the CT features of histologically-confirmed canine gastrointestinal spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors and, when available, describe the corresponding ultrasound findings. The inclusion criteria were as follows: availability of pre-and post-contrast CT study, and a histopathological diagnosis of the lesions. Recorded parameters were tumor size, location, gastrointestinal wall layers involvement, lesion's growth and enhancement patterns, tumor margination, presence of stenosis, mineralization, ulcerations, lymphadenopathy, or other lesions in the abdomen/thorax. When available, ultrasound images were evaluated. Forty-one dogs met the inclusion criteria and had the following histological diagnoses: 21/41 (51%) spindle cells (7 leiomyomas, 14 leiomyosarcomas/gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)), 13/41 (32%) epithelial (adenocarcinoma), and 7/41 (17%) round cell (lymphoma) tumors. The growth pattern was concentric, eccentric, and mixed in epithelial, spindle cell, and round cell tumors, respectively. Spindle cell tumors had the largest main volume and involved the outer gastrointestinal layer with an unaffected inner layer. Leiomyosarcomas/GISTs showed irregular margins compared to leiomyomas. Only lymphomas showed multifocal gastrointestinal involvement. Nine carcinomas and six spindle cell tumors caused partial stenosis with secondary sub-obstruction. Mineralizations were more frequent in spindle cell tumors (10/21) and absent in lymphomas. Lymphadenomegaly was widespread in lymphomas, regional in leiomyosarcomas-GISTs and adenocarcinomas, and absent in leiomyomas. The reported CT features may be useful in prioritizing the differential diagnosis between spindle cell, epithelial, and round cell tumors, similar to those reported on ultrasound.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V De Magistris
- Diagnostic Imaging department, Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy
| | - F Rossi
- Centro Oncologico Veterinario and Clinica Veterinaria dell'Orologio Anicura Italy, Sasso Marconi, Italy
| | - P Valenti
- Diagnostic Imaging department, Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy.,Clinica Veterinaria Malpensa Anicura Italy, Samarate, Italy
| | - A Anson
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D G Penninck
- Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Agut
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - S Specchi
- Diagnostic Imaging department, Ospedale Veterinario "I Portoni Rossi" Anicura Italy, Zola Predosa, Italy
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Siow JW, Chau J, Podadera JM, Makara M. Investigation of scan delays for CT evaluation of inner wall layering and peak enhancement of the canine stomach and small intestine using a 20 second fixed-injection-duration and bolus tracking technique. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2023; 64:42-52. [PMID: 35959974 PMCID: PMC10087455 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many gastrointestinal diseases affect the mucosal layer, suggesting that on computed tomography (CT) examination, detection of consistent inner wall layering of the gastrointestinal tract may aid in detection of disease. Changes in wall enhancement can also characterise specific diseases and provide prognostic information. The objectives of this mixed retrospective and prospective analytical study were therefore to identify the scan delays for peak detection of canine stomach and small intestinal inner wall layering and enhancement when using a 20 s fixed-injection-duration and bolus tracking technique. For each patient, 700 mg I/kg iohexol was administered intravenously. Bolus tracking was used to determine aortic arrival. Diagnostic scans were performed after a post-aortic arrival scan delay. Postcontrast CT series were grouped according to post-aortic arrival scan delay: 5 s (n = 17), 10 s (n = 18), 15 s (n = 23), 20 s (n = 10), 25 s (n = 6), 30 s (n = 14), 35 s (n = 17), 40 s (n = 24), and 180 s (n = 60). The stomach and small intestine were assessed for the presence of a contrast-enhancing inner wall layer and wall enhancement. Statistical modeling showed that the scan delays for peak inner wall layering and enhancement were 10 and 15 s for the small intestine, respectively, and 40 s for the stomach. For the injection protocol used in this study, assessment of the canine gastrointestinal tract may use scan delays of 10-15 s and 40 s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wen Siow
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Chau
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan M Podadera
- University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mariano Makara
- Northside Veterinary Specialists, 335 Mona Vale Road, Terrey Hills, New South Wales, Australia
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Greco A, Meomartino L, Gnudi G, Brunetti A, Di Giancamillo M. Imaging techniques in veterinary medicine . Part II: Computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine. Eur J Radiol Open 2022; 10:100467. [PMID: 36570419 PMCID: PMC9768321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejro.2022.100467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiography and ultrasonography are the most used techniques in veterinary clinical practice, due to organizational, managerial and, mostly, economic reasons. However, in the last decades, Computed tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and, to a lesser extent, Nuclear Medicine (MN) are increasingly used. As we said in the previous article, all the Diagnostic Imaging techniques are actually "indispensable" in Veterinary Medicine, where many patients do not show any symptoms.This second part describes Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance (MRI) and Nuclear Medicine techniques in Veterinary Medicine are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelaide Greco
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy
| | - Leonardo Meomartino
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Radiologia Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via F. Delpino, 1, 80137 Napoli, Italy,Corresponding author.
| | - Giacomo Gnudi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Veterinarie, Università di Parma, Via del Taglio, 10, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Mauro Di Giancamillo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milano, Italy
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8
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Tanaka T, Noguchi S, Wada Y, Nishida H, Akiyoshi H. Preliminary study of CT features of intermediate- and high-grade alimentary lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in cats. J Feline Med Surg 2022; 24:1065-1071. [PMID: 34663124 PMCID: PMC10812299 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x211046847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CASE SERIES SUMMARY The ultrasonographic findings of many feline intestinal tumours are similar. This study evaluated the CT features of intermediate- and high-grade alimentary lymphoma and adenocarcinoma in cats. CT was performed on six cats with adenocarcinoma and 14 cats with lymphoma. Comparisons between tumour types were conducted, focusing on CT features, including obstruction (present or absent), growth patterns of lesions (symmetry or asymmetry), layering enhancement (present or absent), location of the lesion, number of lesions (solitary or multiple), lymphadenopathy (present or absent), location of lymphadenopathy, pulmonary metastasis (present or absent) and maximum thickness (mm) of the lesion. The cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 5/6 [83%]) experienced intestinal obstruction significantly more often than cats with lymphoma (n = 0/14 [0%]; P = 0.0004). Layering enhancement was observed significantly more often in cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 6/6 [100%]) than in cats with lymphoma (n = 1/14 [7%]; P = 0.0002). Lymphadenopathy was detected significantly more often in cats with lymphoma (n = 14/14 [100%]) than in cats with adenocarcinoma (n = 2/6 [33%]) (P = 0.003). In cats with lymphoma, the intestine (12.1 ± 3.9 mm) was significantly thicker than that in cats with adenocarcinoma (6.4 ± 2.3 mm; P = 0.005). RELEVANCE AND NOVEL INFORMATION To the best of our knowledge, no reports have described the characteristics of feline intestinal tumours using CT. Layering enhancement was observed in cats with intestinal adenocarcinomas. No layering enhancement was observed in alimentary lymphoma in cats, but enlarged regional nodes were noted. Lesions with lymphoma were thicker than those with adenocarcinoma. These findings may help differentiate between adenocarcinomas and lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
- Kinki Animal Medical Training institute, Higashiosaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Radiology, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yusuke Wada
- Veterinary Medical Centre, College of Life, Environmental and Advanced Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano-shi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Department of Advanced Clinical Medicine, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
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Segarra A, Herrtage ME, Salgüero R. Diagnostic imaging appearance of canine gastric leiomyomas: Four cases. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/vrc2.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Segarra
- Imaging Department Puchol Veterinary Hospital Madrid Spain
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10
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Murakami M, Heng HG, Sola M. CT features of confirmed and presumed gastric wall edema in dogs. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2022; 63:711-718. [PMID: 35674240 PMCID: PMC9796106 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Postcontrast computed tomographic (CT) characteristics of gastrointestinal (GI) wall edema in humans have been described as GI wall thickening with a thickened submucosal layer and thin enhanced inner and outer layers. Published studies describing CT features of gastric wall edema in dogs are currently lacking. The aim of this retrospective, case series was to describe CT features of gastric wall edema in a group of dogs. Medical records were searched for dogs with postcontrast abdominal CT scans and a diagnosis of gastric wall edema based on histopathology (group I) or CT characteristics consistent with those reported in humans (group II). Clinical diagnosis, mean serum albumin concentration, and histopathological diagnosis were recorded. The following CT characteristics were recorded: numbers of wall layers, attenuation and contrast enhancement, presence of blood vessels, locations, distribution, and thickness. Twelve dogs (3 in group I and 9 in group II) were included. The most common clinical finding was hypoalbuminemia. In group I, a well-defined three-layer appearance with a non-enhancing fluid-attenuating middle layer was observed in three dogs and thin blood vessels in the middle layer in two dogs. In group II, nine dogs had a three-layer appearance with a non-enhancing fluid-attenuating middle layer. Locations of gastric wall thickening were diffuse in two, focal concentric in six, and focal asymmetric in four dogs. Findings supported including gastric wall edema as a differential diagnosis for dogs with hypoalbuminemia and CT characteristics of a three-layer appearance in the gastric wall, with a non-enhancing fluid-attenuating middle layer and thin blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Murakami
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Hock Gan Heng
- Department of Veterinary Clinical SciencesCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
| | - Mario Sola
- Department of Comparative PathobiologyCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndianaUSA
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11
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Soultani C, Patsikas MN, Mayer M, Kazakos GM, Theodoridis TD, Vignoli M, Ilia TSM, Karagiannopoulou M, Ilia GM, Tragoulia I, Angelou VN, Chatzimisios K, Tselepidis S, Papadopoulou PL, Papazoglou LG. Contrast enhanced computed tomography assessment of superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis in canine mammary gland tumors. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:557-567. [PMID: 34131988 DOI: 10.1111/vru.13002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammary gland neoplasms are predominant in dogs. However, sentinel lymph node (SLN) status assessment criteria have not been established for these cases. In this retrospective, secondary analysis, diagnostic case control study, CT images of 65 superficial inguinal SLNs were obtained before and 1, 3, 5, and 10 min after intravenous administration of contrast agent (iopamidol 370 mgI/mL). The presence and degree of postcontrast enhancement were assessed, by means of the median absolute density value and the maximum absolute density value at any time point in the center and in the periphery of each SLN measured in Hounsfield units (HU), before and after contrast agent administration. These values were compared with histopathological findings postsurgical excision. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted. The absolute density values ranged widely at each time point and within each group of nodes (negative, positive, control group). At all time points, the median density value in the center and in the periphery was significantly higher in metastatic than in non-metastatic SLNs (P ≤ .014). Among the parameters tested, the median absolute density value measured in the periphery of the SLN 3 min after injection showed the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (AUC) (87.5%, 82.1%, and 92.1% respectively), with a cutoff value of 50.9 HU. The maximum absolute density value at any time point in the center and periphery of the SLNs was also significantly higher in metastatic SLNs compared to non-metastatic (P ≤ .001). With a cutoff value of 59.5 HU, the maximum absolute density value in the periphery of the SLN displayed high sensitivity and specificity (87.5% and 89.3%, respectively). The results of this study support the hypothesis that contrast enhanced CT imaging may aid in the assessment of SLN metastasis in dogs with mammary gland neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Soultani
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michail N Patsikas
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Monique Mayer
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios M Kazakos
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodoros D Theodoridis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Massimo Vignoli
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Tatiani Soultana M Ilia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Karagiannopoulou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia M Ilia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Tragoulia
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasileia N Angelou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chatzimisios
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Stavros Tselepidis
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Lysimachos G Papazoglou
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUT), Thessaloniki, Greece
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12
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Zuercher M, Vilaplana Grosso F, Lejeune A. Comparison of the clinical, ultrasound, and CT findings in 13 dogs with gastric neoplasia. Vet Radiol Ultrasound 2021; 62:525-532. [PMID: 33987919 DOI: 10.1111/vru.12980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of gastric tumors in dogs is difficult and is often obtained by biopsy following identification of a mass through ultrasound (US) or endoscopy. In human medicine, modalities such as CT and endoscopy are standard of care in the diagnosis and staging of gastric tumors. Although one veterinary study has described CT findings of gastric tumors in dogs using iatrogenic gas dilation, there are no veterinary studies that have directly compared the usefulness of US versus CT in the diagnosis and staging of these tumors. This retrospective, descriptive study evaluated US and CT images from 13 dogs. Gastric tumor diagnoses included leiomyoma (n = 4), adenocarcinoma (n = 3), leiomyosarcoma (n = 3), gastrointestinal stromal tumor (n = 2), and lymphoma (n = 1). Computed tomography was successful in identification of 92% of gastric tumors, while US identified only 69%. Computed tomography identified more locations of lymphadenopathy and correctly identified the location of gastric tumors more frequently than US when compared to the surgical, endoscopic, or necropsy reports. Most features seen on US and CT overlapped between the different tumor types. Lymphoma had a lower mean attenuation in CT than the other gastric tumors and was the only gastric tumor to not have complete loss of the gastric wall layering on US. As expected, adenocarcinoma appeared as gastric wall thickening with regional lymphadenopathy. Findings supported using CT as an ancillary diagnostic test for characterizing and staging gastric tumors in dogs and assisting in the selection of surgical candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melonie Zuercher
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Federico Vilaplana Grosso
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Amandine Lejeune
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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13
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Hardas A, Suárez-Bonnet A, Beck S, Becker WE, Ramírez GA, Priestnall SL. Canine Gastric Carcinomas: A Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study and Similarities with the Human Counterpart. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051409. [PMID: 34069167 PMCID: PMC8156491 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Gastric carcinoma (GC) continues to be one of the leading causes of death in humans and is the most common neoplasm in the stomachs of dogs. In both species, previous studies have demonstrated that the disease is heterogeneous, with genetic and environmental factors playing a quintessential role in disease pathogenesis. Compared to humans, the incidence of gastric carcinoma in dogs is low although, in a small number of breeds, a higher incidence has been reported. In dogs, the etiology and molecular pathways involved remain largely unknown. This retrospective study reviews current signalment data, evaluates the inflammatory component and association with Helicobacter spp. presence in various canine gastric carcinoma histological subtypes, and investigates potential molecular pathways involved in one of the largest study cohorts to date. The benefit of such a comparative study is to highlight the parallel histological features and molecular pathways between dogs and humans. Abstract Canine gastric carcinoma (CGC) affects both sexes in relatively equal proportions, with a mean age of nine years, and the highest frequency in Staffordshire bull terriers. The most common histological subtype in 149 CGC cases was the undifferentiated carcinoma. CGCs were associated with increased chronic inflammation parameters and a greater chronic inflammatory score when Helicobacter spp. were present. Understanding the molecular pathways of gastric carcinoma is challenging. All markers showed variable expression for each subtype. Expression of the cell cycle regulator 14-3-3σ was positive in undifferentiated, tubular and papillary carcinomas. This demonstrates that 14-3-3σ could serve as an immunohistochemical marker in routine diagnosis and that mucinous, papillary and signet-ring cell (SRC) carcinomas follow a 14-3-3σ independent pathway. p16, another cell cycle regulator, showed increased expression in mucinous and SRC carcinomas. Expression of the adhesion molecules E-cadherin and CD44 appear context-dependent, with switching within tumor emboli potentially playing an important role in tumor cell survival, during invasion and metastasis. Within neoplastic emboli, acinar structures lacked expression of all markers, suggesting an independent molecular pathway that requires further investigation. These findings demonstrate similarities and differences between dogs and humans, albeit further clinicopathological data and molecular analysis are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Hardas
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Sam Beck
- VPG Histology, Horfield, Bristol BS7 0BJ, UK;
| | - William E. Becker
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
| | - Gustavo A. Ramírez
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agriculture, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine (ETSEA), University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
| | - Simon L. Priestnall
- Department of Pathobiology & Population Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK; (A.S.-B.); (W.E.B.); (S.L.P.)
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14
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Tanaka T, Akiyoshi H, Nishida H, Mie K, Lin LS, Iimori Y, Okamoto M. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography findings of canine primary renal tumors including renal cell carcinoma, lymphoma, and hemangiosarcoma. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225211. [PMID: 31756212 PMCID: PMC6874336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In veterinary medicine, abdominal ultrasonography is used to rank the differential diagnosis of renal lesions. However, a conventional sonographic examination may show nonspecific findings. The purpose of this study was to assess the computed tomography (CT) findings of canine renal tumors, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), lymphoma, and hemangiosarcoma (HSA). In this retrospective study, the following CT parameters were recorded for each dog: 1) extent of renal involvement of tumors, 2) enhancement pattern, 3) number of renal tumors, 4) renal tumor vessel enhancement in the corticomedullary phase, 5) presence of lymphadenopathy and lung metastasis, and 6) attenuation values of the renal tumors on the pre- and post-contrast corticomedullary, nephrographic, and excretory phase images. Fifteen dogs met the inclusion criteria, of which nine had RCCs, four had lymphomas, and two had HSAs. RCCs tended to show heterogeneous enhancement and unilateral renal involvement, and vessel enhancement was detected in the corticomedullary phase in dogs with RCC. Conversely, renal lymphomas showed homogeneous enhancement, bilateral renal involvement, and multiple masses; in these dogs, no vessel enhancement was detected in the corticomedullary phase, and the incidence of lymphadenopathy was low. However, in dogs with lymphadenopathy, the renal lymphoma was associated with regionally severe lymphadenopathy. Finally, renal HSAs tended to show heterogeneous enhancement with a non-enhanced area and unilateral renal involvement; in these dogs, vessel enhancement was detected in the nephrographic phase, with the enhancement expanding around the vessel. These findings had no significant differences. Further studies with a larger sample size are required to examine the association between CT and histopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
- Kinki Animal Medical Training Institute and Veterinary Clinic, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideo Akiyoshi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hidetaka Nishida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Mie
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lee-Shuan Lin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Taiwan
| | - Yasumasa Iimori
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mari Okamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Osaka Prefecture University, Department of Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka, Japan
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