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Sevigny JL, Norenburg JL, Leasi F. A Bioinformatics Tutorial for Comparative Development Genomics in Diverse Meiofauna. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2219:289-305. [PMID: 33074549 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0974-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturization, which is a common feature in animals, is particularly manifest in meiofauna-animals sharing peculiar phenotypic features that evolved as adaptations to the highly specialized aquatic interstitial habitat. While revealing much about the extreme phyletic diversity of meiofauna, the genome structure of meiofaunal species could also characterize the phenotype of ancestral states as well as explain the origin and evolution of miniaturization. Here, we present a practical bioinformatics tutorial for genome assembly, genome comparison, and characterization of Hox clusters in meiofaunal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Sevigny
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Jon L Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Francesca Leasi
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN, USA.
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2
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Egger C, Neusser TP, Norenburg J, Leasi F, Buge B, Vannozzi A, Cunha RL, Cox CJ, Jörger KM. Uncovering the shell game with barcodes: diversity of meiofaunal Caecidae snails (Truncatelloidea, Caenogastropoda) from Central America. Zookeys 2020; 968:1-42. [PMID: 33005079 PMCID: PMC7511454 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.968.52986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Caecidae is a species-rich family of microsnails with a worldwide distribution. Typical for many groups of gastropods, caecid taxonomy is largely based on overt shell characters. However, identification of species using shell characteristics is problematic due to their rather uniform, tubular shells, the presence of different growth stages, and a high degree of intraspecific variability. In the present study, a first integrative approach to caecid taxonomy is provided using light-microscopic investigation with microsculptural analyses and multi-marker barcoding, in conjunction with molecular species delineation analyses (ABGD, haplotype networks, GMYC, and bPTP). In total 132 specimens of Caecum and Meioceras collected during several sampling trips to Central America were analyzed and delineated into a minimum of 19 species to discuss putative synonyms, and supplement the original descriptions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses suggest Meiocerasnitidum and M.cubitatum should be reclassified as Caecum, and the genus Meioceras might present a junior synonym of Caecum. Meiofaunal caecids morphologically resembling C.glabrum from the Northeast Atlantic are a complex of cryptic species with independent evolutionary origins, likely associated with multiple habitat shifts to the mesopsammic environment. Caecuminvisibile Egger & Jörger, sp. nov. is formally described based on molecular diagnostic characters. This first integrative approach towards the taxonomy of Caecidae increases the known diversity, reveals the need for a reclassification of the genus Caecum and serves as a starting point for a barcoding library of the family, thereby enabling further reliable identifications of these taxonomically challenging microsnails in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Egger
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München Munich Germany.,CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Timea P Neusser
- LMU Munich, Biocenter, Dept. II, Großhaderner Str. 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - Jon Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC United States of America
| | - Francesca Leasi
- Department of Biology, Geology and Environmental Science. University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. 615 McCallie Ave. Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga United States of America
| | - Barbara Buge
- Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 55 Rue Buffon, 75231 Paris, France Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle Paris France
| | - Angelo Vannozzi
- Independent researcher, Via M.L. Longo 8, Rome, Italy Unaffiliated Rome Italy
| | - Regina L Cunha
- CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Cymon J Cox
- CCMAR, Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal Universidade do Algarve Faro Portugal
| | - Katharina M Jörger
- SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München, Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany SNSB-Zoologische Staatssammlung München Munich Germany
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Thalassic Rotifers from the United States: Descriptions of Two New Species and Notes on the Effect of Salinity and Ecosystem on Biodiversity. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
This study shows the results of a rotifer faunistic survey in thalassic waters from 26 sites located in northeastern U.S. states and one in California. A total of 44 taxa belonging to 21 genera and 14 families were identified, in addition to a group of unidentifiable bdelloids. Of the fully identified species, 17 are the first thalassic records for the U.S., including Encentrum melonei sp. nov. and Synchaeta grossa sp. nov., which are new to science, and Colurella unicauda Eriksen, 1968, which is new to the Nearctic region. Moreover, a refined description of Encentrum rousseleti (Lie-Pettersen, 1905) is presented. During the survey, we characterized samples by different salinity values and ecosystems and compared species composition across communities to test for possible ecological correlations. Results indicate that both salinities and ecosystems are a significant predictor of rotifer diversity, supporting that biodiversity estimates of small species provide fundamental information for biomonitoring. Finally, we provide a comprehensive review of the diversity and distribution of thalassic rotifers in the United States. The results of the present study increase the thalassic rotifer record for the U.S. from about 105 (87 at species level) to 124 (106 at species level) taxa.
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Kordbacheh A, Wallace RL, Walsh EJ. Evidence supporting cryptic species within two sessile microinvertebrates, Limnias melicerta and L. ceratophylli (Rotifera, Gnesiotrocha). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205203. [PMID: 30379825 PMCID: PMC6209156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including rotifers, are thought to be capable of long distance dispersal. Therefore, they should show little population genetic structure due to high gene flow. Nevertheless, substantial genetic structure has been reported among populations of many taxa. In rotifers, genetic studies have focused on planktonic taxa leaving sessile groups largely unexplored. Here, we used COI gene and ITS region sequences to study genetic structure and delimit cryptic species in two sessile species (Limnias melicerta [32 populations]; L. ceratophylli [21 populations]). Among populations, ITS region sequences were less variable as compared to those of the COI gene (ITS; L. melicerta: 0-3.1% and L. ceratophylli: 0-4.4%; COI; L. melicerta: 0-22.7% and L. ceratophylli: 0-21.7%). Moreover, L. melicerta and L. ceratophylli were not resolved in phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences. Thus, we used COI sequences for species delimitation. Bayesian Species Delimitation detected nine putative cryptic species within L. melicerta and four putative cryptic species for L. ceratophylli. The genetic distance in the COI gene was 0-15.4% within cryptic species of L. melicerta and 0.5-0.6% within cryptic species of L. ceratophylli. Among cryptic species, COI genetic distance ranged 8.1-21.9% for L. melicerta and 15.1-21.2% for L. ceratophylli. The correlation between geographic and genetic distance was weak or lacking; thus geographic isolation cannot be considered a strong driver of genetic variation. In addition, geometric morphometric analyses of trophi did not show significant variation among cryptic species. In this study we used a conservative approach for species delimitation, yet we were able to show that species diversity in these sessile rotifers is underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Kordbacheh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Wallace
- Department of Biology, Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Walsh
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
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Arrigoni R, Berumen ML, Stolarski J, Terraneo TI, Benzoni F. Uncovering hidden coral diversity: a new cryptic lobophylliid scleractinian from the Indian Ocean. Cladistics 2018; 35:301-328. [DOI: 10.1111/cla.12346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Michael L. Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaroslaw Stolarski
- Institute of Paleobiology Polish Academy of Sciences Twarda 51/55 Warsaw PL‐00‐818 Poland
| | - Tullia I. Terraneo
- Red Sea Research Center Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal 23955‐6900 Saudi Arabia
- College of Marine and Environmental Science James Cook University Townsville QLD 4811 Australia
| | - Francesca Benzoni
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Piazza della Scienza 2 Milano 20126 Italy
- UMR ENTROPIE (IRD, Université de La Réunion, CNRS) Laboratoire d'excellence‐CORAIL Centre IRD de Nouméa 101 Promenade Roger Laroque, BP A5 Noumea Cedex 98848 New Caledonia
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Obertegger U, Cieplinski A, Fontaneto D, Papakostas S. Mitonuclear discordance as a confounding factor in the DNA taxonomy of monogonont rotifers. ZOOL SCR 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Obertegger
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); San Michele all'Adige Italy
| | - Adam Cieplinski
- Research and Innovation Centre; Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM); San Michele all'Adige Italy
- Research Institute for Limnology; Mondsee University of Innsbruck; Mondsee Austria
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche; Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi; Verbania Pallanza Italy
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7
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Kordbacheh A, Garbalena G, Walsh EJ. Population structure and cryptic species in the cosmopolitan rotifer Euchlanis dilatata. Zool J Linn Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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8
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Moreno E, Conde‐Porcuna JM, Gómez A. Barcoding rotifer biodiversity in Mediterranean ponds using diapausing egg banks. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4855-4867. [PMID: 28690814 PMCID: PMC5496561 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity of Mediterranean freshwater bodies is among the most threatened worldwide; therefore, its accurate estimation is an urgent issue. However, traditional methods are likely to underestimate freshwater zooplankton biodiversity due to its high species seasonality and cryptic diversity. We test the value of applying DNA barcoding to diapausing egg banks, in combination with the creation of a reference collection of DNA barcodes using adult individual samples, to characterize rotifer communities. We use monogonont rotifers from two lakes in Doñana National Park and one from Ruidera Natural Park in Spain as models to create a reference collection of DNA barcodes for taxonomically diagnosed adult individuals sampled from the water column, to compare with the sequences obtained from individual eggs from the diapausing egg banks. We apply two different approaches to carry out DNA taxonomy analyses, the generalized mixed Yule coalescent method (GMYC) and the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), to the obtained sequences and to publicly available rotifer sequences. We obtained a total of 210 new rotifer COI sequences from all three locations (151 diapausing eggs and 59 adults). Both GMYC and ABGD generated the same 35 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), revealing four potential cryptic species. Most sequences obtained from diapausing eggs (85%) clustered with sequences obtained from morphologically diagnosed adults. Our approach, based on a single sediment sample, retrieved estimates of rotifer biodiversity higher than or similar to those of previous studies based on a number of seasonal samples. This study shows that DNA barcoding of diapausing egg banks is an effective aid to characterize rotifer diversity in Mediterranean freshwater bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Moreno
- Institute of Water ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Department of EcologyFaculty of SciencesGranadaSpain
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of HullHullUK
| | - José M. Conde‐Porcuna
- Institute of Water ResearchUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
- Department of EcologyFaculty of SciencesGranadaSpain
| | - Africa Gómez
- School of Environmental SciencesUniversity of HullHullUK
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Dawkins KL, Furse JM, Wild CH, Hughes JM. A novel genus and cryptic species harboured within the monotypic freshwater crayfish genus Tenuibranchiurus Riek, 1951 (Decapoda: Parastacidae). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3310. [PMID: 28560095 PMCID: PMC5445942 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Identifying species groups is an important yet difficult task, with there being no single accepted definition as to what constitutes a species, nor a set of criteria by which they should be delineated. Employing the General Lineage Concept somewhat circumvents these issues, as this concept allows multiple concordant lines of evidence to be used as support for species delimitation, where a species is defined as any independently evolving lineage. Genetically diverse groups have previously been identified within the monotypic parastacid genus Tenuibranchiurus Riek, 1951, but no further investigation of this diversity has previously been undertaken. Analysis of two mitochondrial DNA gene regions has previously identified two highly divergent groups within this taxon, representing populations from Queensland (Qld) and New South Wales (NSW), respectively. Additional testing within this study of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA through species discovery analyses identified genetically diverse groups within these regions, which were further supported by lineage validation methods. The degree of genetic differentiation between Qld and NSW populations supports the recognition of two genera; with Qld retaining the original genus name Tenuibranchiurus, and NSW designated as Gen. nov. until a formal description is completed. Concordance between the species discovery and lineage validation methods supports the presence of six species within Tenuibranchiurus and two within Gen. nov. The recognition of additional species removes the monotypy of the genus, and the methods used can improve species identification within groups of organisms with taxonomic problems and cryptic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn L Dawkins
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - James M Furse
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Miyazaki International College, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Clyde H Wild
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jane M Hughes
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Kieneke A, Nikoukar H. Integrative morphological and molecular investigation of Turbanella hyalina Schultze, 1853 (Gastrotricha: Macrodasyida), including a redescription of the species. ZOOL ANZ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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Münter L, Kieneke A. Novel myo-anatomical insights to theXenotrichula intermediaspecies complex (Gastrotricha: Paucitubulatina): Implications for a pan-European species and reconsideration of muscle homology among Paucitubulatina. P BIOL SOC WASH 2017. [DOI: 10.2988/17-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Münter
- (LM) Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Institut für Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften, Carl-von-Ossietzky-Straße 9-11, D-26111 Oldenburg
| | - Alexander Kieneke
- (AK) Senckenberg am Meer, Abteilung Deutsches Zentrum für marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Südstrand 44, 26382 Wilhelmshaven,
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12
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Leasi F, Andrade SCDS, Norenburg J. At least some meiofaunal species are not everywhere. Indication of geographic, ecological and geological barriers affecting the dispersion of species of Ototyphlonemertes
(Nemertea, Hoplonemertea). Mol Ecol 2016; 25:1381-97. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leasi
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; PO Box 37012, NMNH Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
| | | | - Jon Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology; Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History; PO Box 37012, NMNH Washington DC 20013-7012 USA
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Meyer-Wachsmuth I, Curini Galletti M, Jondelius U. Hyper-cryptic marine meiofauna: species complexes in Nemertodermatida. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107688. [PMID: 25225981 PMCID: PMC4166464 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nemertodermatida are microscopically small, benthic marine worms. Specimens of two nominal species, Sterreria psammicola and Nemertinoides elongatus from 33 locations worldwide were sequenced for three molecular markers. Species delimitation and validation was done using gene trees, haplotype networks and multilocus Bayesian analysis. We found 20 supported species of which nine: Nemertinoides glandulosum n.sp., N. wolfgangi n.sp., Sterreria boucheti n.sp., S. lundini n.sp., S. martindalei n.sp., S. monolithes n.sp., S. papuensis n.sp., S. variabilis n.sp. and S. ylvae n.sp., are described including nucleotide-based diagnoses. The distribution patterns indicate transoceanic dispersal in some of the species. Sympatric species were found in many cases. The high level of cryptic diversity in this meiofauna group implies that marine diversity may be higher than previously estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Meyer-Wachsmuth
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Curini Galletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio, Università di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ulf Jondelius
- Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Leasi F, Norenburg JL. The necessity of DNA taxonomy to reveal cryptic diversity and spatial distribution of meiofauna, with a focus on Nemertea. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104385. [PMID: 25093815 PMCID: PMC4122443 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiofauna represent one of the most abundant and diverse communities in marine benthic ecosystems. However, an accurate assessment of diversity at the level of species has been and remains challenging for these microscopic organisms. Therefore, for many taxa, especially the soft body forms such as nemerteans, which often lack clear diagnostic morphological traits, DNA taxonomy is an effective means to assess species diversity. Morphological taxonomy of Nemertea is well documented as complicated by scarcity of unambiguous character states and compromised by diagnoses of a majority of species (and higher clades) being inadequate or based on ambiguous characters and character states. Therefore, recent studies have advocated for the primacy of molecular tools to solve the taxonomy of this group. DNA taxonomy uncovers possible hidden cryptic species, provides a coherent means to systematize taxa in definite clades, and also reveals possible biogeographic patterns. Here, we analyze diversity of nemertean species by considering the barcode region of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) and different species delineation approaches in order to infer evolutionarily significant units. In the aim to uncover actual diversity of meiofaunal nemerteans across different sites in Central America, COI sequences were obtained for specimens assigned here to the genera Cephalothrix, Ototyphlonemertes, and Tetrastemma-like worms, each commonly encountered in our sampling. Additional genetic, taxonomic, and geographic data of other specimens belonging to these genera were added from GenBank. Results are consistent across different DNA taxonomy approaches, and revealed (i) the presence of several hidden cryptic species and (ii) numerous potential misidentifications due to traditional taxonomy. (iii) We additionally test a possible biogeographic pattern of taxonomic units revealed by this study, and, except for a few cases, the putative species seem not to be widely distributed, in contrast to what traditional taxonomy would suggest for the recognized morphotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Leasi
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | - Jon L. Norenburg
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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15
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Tang CQ, Obertegger U, Fontaneto D, Barraclough TG. Sexual species are separated by larger genetic gaps than asexual species in rotifers. Evolution 2014; 68:2901-16. [PMID: 24975991 PMCID: PMC4262011 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Why organisms diversify into discrete species instead of showing a continuum of genotypic and phenotypic forms is an important yet rarely studied question in speciation biology. Does species discreteness come from adaptation to fill discrete niches or from interspecific gaps generated by reproductive isolation? We investigate the importance of reproductive isolation by comparing genetic discreteness, in terms of intra- and interspecific variation, between facultatively sexual monogonont rotifers and obligately asexual bdelloid rotifers. We calculated the age (phylogenetic distance) and average pairwise genetic distance (raw distance) within and among evolutionarily significant units of diversity in six bdelloid clades and seven monogonont clades sampled for 4211 individuals in total. We find that monogonont species are more discrete than bdelloid species with respect to divergence between species but exhibit similar levels of intraspecific variation (species cohesiveness). This pattern arises because bdelloids have diversified into discrete genetic clusters at a faster net rate than monogononts. Although sampling biases or differences in ecology that are independent of sexuality might also affect these patterns, the results are consistent with the hypothesis that bdelloids diversified at a faster rate into less discrete species because their diversification does not depend on the evolution of reproductive isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuong Q Tang
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, United Kingdom.
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Adams M, Raadik TA, Burridge CP, Georges A. Global Biodiversity Assessment and Hyper-Cryptic Species Complexes: More Than One Species of Elephant in the Room? Syst Biol 2014; 63:518-33. [DOI: 10.1093/sysbio/syu017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Adams
- Evolutionary Biology Unit, South Australian Museum, North Terrace, SA 5000, Australia
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Tarmo A. Raadik
- Aquatic Ecology Section, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Environment and Primary Industries, 123 Brown Street, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Futures, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia and
| | - Christopher P. Burridge
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 55, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Arthur Georges
- Institute for Applied Ecology and Collaborative Research Network for Murray-Darling Futures, University of Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia and
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Malekzadeh-Viayeh R, Pak-Tarmani R, Rostamkhani N, Fontaneto D. Diversity of the rotiferBrachionus plicatilisspecies complex (Rotifera: Monogononta) in Iran through integrative taxonomy. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nasim Rostamkhani
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Sciences; Urmia University; Urmia Iran
| | - Diego Fontaneto
- National Research Council; Institute of Ecosystem Study; I-28922 Verbania Pallanza Italy
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