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Cwerman-Thibault H, Malko-Baverel V, Le Guilloux G, Ratcliffe E, Mouri D, Torres-Cuevas I, Millán I, Saubaméa B, Mignon V, Boespflug-Tanguy O, Gressens P, Corral-Debrinski M. Neuroglobin overexpression in cerebellar neurons of Harlequin mice improves mitochondrial homeostasis and reduces ataxic behavior. Mol Ther 2024; 32:2150-2175. [PMID: 38796706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2024.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroglobin, a member of the globin superfamily, is abundant in the brain, retina, and cerebellum of mammals and localizes to mitochondria. The protein exhibits neuroprotective capacities by participating in electron transfer, oxygen supply, and protecting against oxidative stress. Our objective was to determine whether neuroglobin overexpression can be used to treat neurological disorders. We chose Harlequin mice, which harbor a retroviral insertion in the first intron of the apoptosis-inducing factor gene resulting in the depletion of the corresponding protein essential for mitochondrial biogenesis. Consequently, Harlequin mice display degeneration of the cerebellum and suffer from progressive blindness and ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia begins in Harlequin mice at the age of 4 months and is characterized by neuronal cell disappearance, bioenergetics failure, and motor and cognitive impairments, which aggravated with aging. Mice aged 2 months received adeno-associated viral vectors harboring the coding sequence of neuroglobin or apoptosis-inducing factor in both cerebellar hemispheres. Six months later, Harlequin mice exhibited substantial improvements in motor and cognitive skills; probably linked to the preservation of respiratory chain function, Purkinje cell numbers and connectivity. Thus, without sharing functional properties with apoptosis-inducing factor, neuroglobin was efficient in reducing ataxia in Harlequin mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Cwerman-Thibault
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Vassilissa Malko-Baverel
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Gwendoline Le Guilloux
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Edward Ratcliffe
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Djmila Mouri
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Isabel Torres-Cuevas
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ivan Millán
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Neonatal Research Group, Health Research Institute La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain; Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Bruno Saubaméa
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie, UMR-S 1144 Inserm, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Virginie Mignon
- Université Paris Cité, Platform of Cellular and Molecular Imaging (PICMO), US25 Inserm, UAR3612 CNRS, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Odile Boespflug-Tanguy
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France; Service de Neurologie et Maladies métaboliques, CHU Paris - Hôpital Robert Debré, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Pierre Gressens
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Marisol Corral-Debrinski
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, Maladies neurodéveloppementales et neurovasculaires, F-75019 Paris, France.
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2
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Poole DC, Bailey DM. Death by nitrogen anoxia: On the integrated physiology of human execution. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:1009-1014. [PMID: 38551897 PMCID: PMC11215468 DOI: 10.1113/ep091836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David C. Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology, Anatomy and PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
- Department of Anatomy & PhysiologyKansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesGlamorganUK
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3
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Ping N, Zuo K, Cai J, Rong C, Yu Z, Zhang X, Wang G, Ma C, Yang H, Li J, Wang X, Zhao D. Apigenin protects against ischemic stroke by increasing DNA repair. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1362301. [PMID: 38746012 PMCID: PMC11091408 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1362301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Oxidative stress is an important pathological process in ischemic stroke (IS). Apigenin (APG) is a natural product with favorable antioxidative effects, and some studies have already demonstrated the antioxidative mechanism of APG in the treatment of IS. However, the mechanism of APG on DNA damage and repair after IS is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of APG on DNA repair after IS. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish a model of permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO) on one side, and were pre-treated with gavage of APG (30, 60, or 120 mg/kg) for 7 days. One day after pMCAO, the brain tissues were collected. Cerebral infarct volume, brain water content, HE staining and antioxidant index were analyzed to evaluated the brain damage. Molecular Docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot were used to explore the potential proteins related to DNA damage repair. Results APG has a low binding score with DNA repair-related proteins. APG treatment has improved the volume of cerebral infarction and neurological deficits, reduced brain edema, and decreased parthanatos and apoptosis by inhibiting PARP1/AIF pathway. In addition, APG improved the antioxidative capacity through reducing reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Also, APG has reduced DNA damage- and cell death-related proteins such as PARP1, γH2A.X, 53BP1, AIF, cleaved caspase3, Cytochrome c, and increased DNA repair by BRCA1 and RAD51 through homologous recombination repair, and reduced non-homologous end link repair by KU70. Conclusion APG can improve nerve damage after IS, and these protective effects were realized by reducing oxidative stress and DNA damage, and improving DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niu Ping
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Kuiyang Zuo
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiahan Cai
- Traditional Chinese Medicine College, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chunshu Rong
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ziqiao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Gaihua Wang
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huirong Yang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Encephalopathy, Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
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4
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Zoccal DB, Vieira BN, Mendes LR, Evangelista AB, Leirão IP. Hypoxia sensing in the body: An update on the peripheral and central mechanisms. Exp Physiol 2024; 109:461-469. [PMID: 38031809 PMCID: PMC10988761 DOI: 10.1113/ep091206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
An adequate supply of O2 is essential for the maintenance of cellular activity. Systemic or local hypoxia can be experienced during decreased O2 availability or associated with diseases, or a combination of both. Exposure to hypoxia triggers adjustments in multiple physiological systems in the body to generate appropriate homeostatic responses. However, with significant reductions in the arterial partial pressure of O2, hypoxia can be life-threatening and cause maladaptive changes or cell damage and death. To mitigate the impact of limited O2 availability on cellular activity, O2 chemoreceptors rapidly detect and respond to reductions in the arterial partial pressure of O2, triggering orchestrated responses of increased ventilation and cardiac output, blood flow redistribution and metabolic adjustments. In mammals, the peripheral chemoreceptors of the carotid body are considered to be the main hypoxic sensors and the primary source of excitatory feedback driving respiratory, cardiovascular and autonomic responses. However, current evidence indicates that the CNS contains specialized brainstem and spinal cord regions that can also sense hypoxia and stimulate brain networks independently of the carotid body inputs. In this manuscript, we review the discoveries about the functioning of the O2 chemoreceptors and their contribution to the monitoring of O2 levels in the blood and brain parenchyma and mounting cardiorespiratory responses to maintain O2 homeostasis. We also discuss the implications of the chemoreflex-related mechanisms in paediatric and adult pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Zoccal
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraSão Paulo State University (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Beatriz N. Vieira
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraSão Paulo State University (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Letícia R. Mendes
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraSão Paulo State University (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Andressa B. Evangelista
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraSão Paulo State University (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
| | - Isabela P. Leirão
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry of AraraquaraSão Paulo State University (UNESP)AraraquaraSão PauloBrazil
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5
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Ando S, Tsukamoto H, Stacey BS, Washio T, Owens TS, Calverley TA, Fall L, Marley CJ, Iannetelli A, Hashimoto T, Ogoh S, Bailey DM. Acute hypoxia impairs posterior cerebral bioenergetics and memory in man. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1516-1530. [PMID: 37898979 PMCID: PMC10988469 DOI: 10.1113/ep091245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia has the potential to impair cognitive function; however, it is still uncertain which cognitive domains are adversely affected. We examined the effects of acute hypoxia (∼7 h) on central executive (Go/No-Go) and non-executive (memory) tasks and the extent to which impairment was potentially related to regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery (CDO2 ). Twelve male participants performed cognitive tasks following 0, 2, 4 and 6 h of passive exposure to both normoxia and hypoxia (12% O2 ), in a randomized block cross-over single-blinded design. Middle cerebral artery (MCA) and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) blood velocities and corresponding CDO2 were determined using bilateral transcranial Doppler ultrasound. In hypoxia, MCA DO2 was reduced during the Go/No-Go task (P = 0.010 vs. normoxia, main effect), and PCA DO2 was attenuated during memorization (P = 0.005 vs. normoxia) and recall components (P = 0.002 vs. normoxia) in the memory task. The accuracy of the memory task was also impaired in hypoxia (P = 0.049 vs. normoxia). In contrast, hypoxia failed to alter reaction time (P = 0.19 vs. normoxia) or accuracy (P = 0.20 vs. normoxia) during the Go/No-Go task, indicating that selective attention and response inhibition were preserved. Hypoxia did not affect cerebral blood flow or corresponding CDO2 responses to cognitive activity (P > 0.05 vs. normoxia). Collectively, these findings highlight the differential sensitivity of cognitive domains, with memory being selectively vulnerable in hypoxia. NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? We sought to examine the effects of acute hypoxia on central executive (selective attention and response inhibition) and non-executive (memory) performance and the extent to which impairments are potentially related to reductions in regional cerebral blood flow and oxygen delivery. What is the main finding and its importance? Memory was impaired in acute hypoxia, and this was accompanied by a selective reduction in posterior cerebral artery oxygen delivery. In contrast, selective attention and response inhibition remained well preserved. These findings suggest that memory is selectively vulnerable to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and EngineeringThe University of Electro‐CommunicationsTokyoJapan
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
- Faculty of Sports ScienceWaseda UniversitySaitamaJapan
| | - Benjamin S. Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversityKawagoeSaitamaJapan
| | - Thomas S. Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Thomas A. Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Christopher J. Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | | | - Shigehiko Ogoh
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringToyo UniversityKawagoeSaitamaJapan
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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6
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Sixtus RP, Bailey DM. Burning fuels burns the brain's bioenergetic bridges: On the importance of physiological resilience. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:1366-1369. [PMID: 37742138 PMCID: PMC10988455 DOI: 10.1113/ep091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan P. Sixtus
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Sir Martin Evans BuildingCardiff UniversityGlamorganUK
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesGlamorganUK
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7
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Curay CM, Irwin MR, Kiyatkin EA. The pattern of brain oxygen response induced by intravenous fentanyl limits the time window of therapeutic efficacy of naloxone. Neuropharmacology 2023; 231:109507. [PMID: 36940812 PMCID: PMC10123544 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Opioids induce respiratory depression resulting in coma or even death during overdose. Naloxone, an opioid antagonist, is the gold standard reversal agent for opioid intoxication, but this treatment is often less successful for fentanyl. While low dosing is thought to be a factor limiting naloxone's efficacy, the timing between fentanyl exposure and initiation of naloxone treatment may be another important factor. Here, we used oxygen sensors coupled with amperometry to examine the pattern of oxygen responses in the brain and periphery induced by intravenous fentanyl in freely moving rats. At both doses (20 and 60 μg/kg), fentanyl induced a biphasic brain oxygen response-a rapid, strong, and relatively transient decrease (8-12 min) followed by a weaker and prolonged increase. In contrast, fentanyl induced stronger and more prolonged monophasic oxygen decreases in the periphery. When administered before fentanyl, intravenous naloxone (0.2 mg/kg) fully blocked the hypoxic effects of moderate-dose fentanyl in both the brain and periphery. However, when injected 10 min after fentanyl, when most of hypoxia had already ceased, naloxone had minimal effect on central and peripheral oxygen levels, but at a higher dose, it strongly attenuated hypoxic effects in the periphery with only a transient brain oxygen increase associated with behavioral awakening. Therefore, due to the rapid, strong but transient nature of fentanyl-induced brain hypoxia, the time window when naloxone can attenuate this effect is relatively short. This timing limitation is critical, making naloxone most effective when used quickly and less effective when used during the post-hypoxic comatose state after brain hypoxia has already ceased and harm for neural cells already done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Curay
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Matthew R Irwin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Eugene A Kiyatkin
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse - Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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8
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Stacey BS, Hoiland RL, Caldwell HG, Howe CA, Vermeulen T, Tymko MM, Vizcardo‐Galindo GA, Bermudez D, Figueroa‐Mujíica RJ, Gasho C, Tuaillon E, Hirtz C, Lehmann S, Marchi N, Tsukamoto H, Villafuerte FC, Ainslie PN, Bailey DM. Lifelong exposure to high-altitude hypoxia in humans is associated with improved redox homeostasis and structural-functional adaptations of the neurovascular unit. J Physiol 2023; 601:1095-1120. [PMID: 36633375 PMCID: PMC10952731 DOI: 10.1113/jp283362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
High-altitude (HA) hypoxia may alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU). Herein, we compared male lowlanders (n = 9) at sea level (SL) and after 14 days acclimatization to 4300 m (chronic HA) in Cerro de Pasco (CdP), Péru (HA), against sex-, age- and body mass index-matched healthy highlanders (n = 9) native to CdP (lifelong HA). Venous blood was assayed for serum proteins reflecting NVU integrity, in addition to free radicals and nitric oxide (NO). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was examined in conjunction with cerebral substrate delivery, dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA), cerebrovascular reactivity to carbon dioxide (CVRCO2 ) and neurovascular coupling (NVC). Psychomotor tests were employed to examine cognitive function. Compared to lowlanders at SL, highlanders exhibited elevated basal plasma and red blood cell NO bioavailability, improved anterior and posterior dCA, elevated anterior CVRCO2 and preserved cerebral substrate delivery, NVC and cognition. In highlanders, S100B, neurofilament light-chain (NF-L) and T-tau were consistently lower and cognition comparable to lowlanders following chronic-HA. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia. KEY POINTS: High-altitude (HA) hypoxia has the potential to alter the structural-functional integrity of the neurovascular unit (NVU) in humans. For the first time, we examined to what extent chronic and lifelong hypoxia impacts multimodal biomarkers reflecting NVU structure and function in lowlanders and native Andean highlanders. Despite lowlanders presenting with a reduction in systemic oxidative-nitrosative stress and maintained cerebral bioenergetics and cerebrovascular function during chronic hypoxia, there was evidence for increased axonal injury and cognitive impairment. Compared to lowlanders at sea level, highlanders exhibited elevated vascular NO bioavailability, improved dynamic regulatory capacity and cerebrovascular reactivity, comparable cerebral substrate delivery and neurovascular coupling, and maintained cognition. Unlike lowlanders following chronic HA, highlanders presented with lower concentrations of S100B, neurofilament light chain and total tau. These findings highlight novel integrated adaptations towards the regulation of the NVU in highlanders that may represent a neuroprotective phenotype underpinning successful adaptation to the lifelong stress of HA hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
| | - Ryan L. Hoiland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General HospitalUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Hannah G. Caldwell
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Connor A. Howe
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Tyler Vermeulen
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Michael M. Tymko
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and RecreationUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Gustavo A. Vizcardo‐Galindo
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Daniella Bermudez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Rómulo J. Figueroa‐Mujíica
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Christopher Gasho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical CareLoma Linda University School of MedicineLoma LindaCAUSA
| | - Edouard Tuaillon
- Department of Infectious DiseasesUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC‐PPCUniversité de Montpellier, IRMB CHU de Montpellier, INM INSERMMontpellierFrance
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Laboratory of Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional GenomicsUniversity of MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health ScienceRitsumeikan UniversityKusatsuShigaJapan
| | - Francisco C. Villafuerte
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Comparada, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas y Fisiológicas, Facultad de Ciencias y FilosofíaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLima 31Peru
| | - Philip N. Ainslie
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
- Centre for Heart, Lung and Vascular HealthUniversity of British Columbia‐Okanagan CampusKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Damian M. Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and EducationUniversity of South WalesPontypriddUK
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9
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Bailey DM, Poole DC. Battle of the gases in the race for survival: Atmospheric CO 2 versus O 2. Exp Physiol 2022; 107:1383-1387. [PMID: 36067520 DOI: 10.1113/ep090627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Miles Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Glamorgan, UK
| | - David C Poole
- Departments of Kinesiology and Anatomy and Physiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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10
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Ogoh S, Washio T, Stacey BS, Tsukamoto H, Iannetelli A, Owens TS, Calverley TA, Fall L, Marley CJ, Bailey DM. Effects of continuous hypoxia on flow-mediated dilation in the cerebral and systemic circulation: on the regulatory significance of shear rate phenotype. J Physiol Sci 2022; 72:16. [PMID: 35858836 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-022-00841-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Emergent evidence suggests that cyclic intermittent hypoxia increases cerebral arterial shear rate and endothelial function, whereas continuous exposure decreases anterior cerebral oxygen (O2) delivery. To examine to what extent continuous hypoxia impacts cerebral shear rate, cerebral endothelial function, and consequent cerebral O2 delivery (CDO2), eight healthy males were randomly assigned single-blind to 7 h passive exposure to both normoxia (21% O2) and hypoxia (12% O2). Blood flow in the brachial and internal carotid arteries were determined using Duplex ultrasound and included the combined assessment of systemic and cerebral endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilatation. Systemic (brachial artery) flow-mediated dilatation was consistently lower during hypoxia (P = 0.013 vs. normoxia), whereas cerebral flow-mediated dilation remained preserved (P = 0.927 vs. normoxia) despite a reduction in internal carotid artery antegrade shear rate (P = 0.002 vs. normoxia) and CDO2 (P < 0.001 vs. normoxia). Collectively, these findings indicate that the reduction in CDO2 appears to be independent of cerebral endothelial function and contrasts with that observed during cyclic intermittent hypoxia, highlighting the regulatory importance of (hypoxia) dose duration and flow/shear rate phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Thomas S Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Thomas A Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 4AT, UK. .,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.
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11
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Bailey DM, Bain AR, Hoiland RL, Barak OF, Drvis I, Hirtz C, Lehmann S, Marchi N, Janigro D, MacLeod DB, Ainslie PN, Dujic Z. Hypoxemia increases blood-brain barrier permeability during extreme apnea in humans. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:1120-1135. [PMID: 35061562 PMCID: PMC9121528 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x221075967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Voluntary asphyxia imposed by static apnea challenges blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in humans through transient extremes of hypertension, hypoxemia and hypercapnia. In the present study, ten ultra-elite breath-hold divers performed two maximal dry apneas preceded by normoxic normoventilation (NX: severe hypoxemia and hypercapnia) and hyperoxic hyperventilation (HX: absence of hypoxemia with exacerbating hypercapnia) with measurements obtained before and immediately after apnea. Transcerebral exchange of NVU proteins (ELISA, Single Molecule Array) were calculated as the product of global cerebral blood flow (gCBF, duplex ultrasound) and radial arterial to internal jugular venous concentration gradients. Apnea duration increased from 5 m 6 s in NX to 15 m 59 s in HX (P = <0.001) resulting in marked elevations in gCBF and venous S100B, glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1 and total tau (all P < 0.05 vs. baseline). This culminated in net cerebral output reflecting mildly increased BBB permeability and increased neuronal-gliovascular reactivity that was more pronounced in NX due to more severe systemic and intracranial hypertension (P < 0.05 vs. HX). These findings identify the hemodynamic stress to which the apneic brain is exposed, highlighting the critical contribution of hypoxemia and not just hypercapnia to BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, 6654University of South Wales, University of South Wales, Glamorgan, UK
| | - Anthony R Bain
- Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan L Hoiland
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Otto F Barak
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ivan Drvis
- School of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine-Biotherapy IRMB, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- LBPC-PPC, University of Montpellier, Institute of Regenerative Medicine-Biotherapy IRMB, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Damir Janigro
- Department of Physiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,FloTBI, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - David B MacLeod
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Philip N Ainslie
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, 6654University of South Wales, University of South Wales, Glamorgan, UK.,Center for Heart Lung and Vascular Health, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Zeljko Dujic
- School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
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12
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Tan SZ, Bashir M, Jubouri M, Williams I, Bailey D. Neuroprotection in aortic arch surgery: untold flaws and future directions. THE JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2022; 63:254-264. [PMID: 35238526 DOI: 10.23736/s0021-9509.22.12291-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current paradigm of brain protection in aortic surgery falls short of delivering good outcomes with minimal complications. A renewed understanding of neuroprotective methods and biomarkers to predict brain injury and aortic disease are crucial towards the development of more effective clinical management strategies. A review of current literature was carried out to identify current flaws in our approach to neuroprotection in aortic surgery. Emerging evidence surrounding neuroprotective strategies, biomarkers for brain injury, and biomarkers for predicting aortic disease are evaluated in terms of their impact for future therapeutic approaches. Current literature suggests that the prevailing methods of neuroprotection need renewal. Clinical outcomes associated with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest remain varied. Branch-first and endovascular approaches to aortic repair are particularly promising alternatives. The use of biomarkers to identify and manage brain injury, as well as to diagnose aortic disease in the nonacute and acute settings, would further help to improve our overall paradigm of neuroprotection in aortic surgery. Though much prospective research is still required, the outlook for neuroprotection in aortic surgery is promising. Adopting alternative surgical techniques and exploiting predictive novel biomarkers will help us to gradually eliminate the risk of brain damage in aortic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Z Tan
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Mohamad Bashir
- Unit of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Health Education and Improvement Wales, Velindre University NHS Trust, Cardiff, UK
| | - Matti Jubouri
- Hull-York Medical School, University of York, York, UK
| | - Ian Williams
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Damian Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Cardiff, UK -
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13
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Wang X, Li J, Zhao D, Li J. |Therapeutic and preventive effects of apigenin in cerebral ischemia: a review. Food Funct 2022; 13:11425-11437. [DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
APG can exert various protective effects against cerebral ischemia. Moreover, APG has shown a highly promising ability to prevent cerebral ischemia in terms of regulating blood glucose, blood pressure, lipids and gut microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130117, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130021, China
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14
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Chen L, Ren SY, Li RX, Liu K, Chen JF, Yang YJ, Deng YB, Wang HZ, Xiao L, Mei F, Wang F. Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia Inhibits Myelinogenesis and Causes Motor Coordination Deficits in Adult Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1397-1411. [PMID: 34292513 PMCID: PMC8490606 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypoxia is considered to be a risk factor for deficits in brain function in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since active myelinogenesis persists in the adult central nervous system, here we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic hypoxia on myelination and the related functional consequences in adult mice. Using a transgenic approach to label newly-generated myelin sheaths (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP), we found that myelinogenesis was highly active in most brain regions, such as the motor cortex and corpus callosum. After exposure to hypoxia (10% oxygen) 12 h per day for 4 weeks, myelinogenesis was largely inhibited in the 4-month old brain and the mice displayed motor coordination deficits revealed by the beam-walking test. To determine the relationship between the inhibited myelination and functional impairment, we induced oligodendroglia-specific deletion of the transcription factor Olig2 by tamoxifen (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP; Olig2 fl/fl) in adult mice to mimic the decreased myelinogenesis caused by hypoxia. The deletion of Olig2 inhibited myelinogenesis and consequently impaired motor coordination, suggesting that myelinogenesis is required for motor function in adult mice. To understand whether enhancing myelination could protect brain functions against hypoxia, we treated hypoxic mice with the myelination-enhancing drug-clemastine, which resulted in enhanced myelogenesis and improved motor coordination. Taken together, our data indicate that chronic hypoxia inhibits myelinogenesis and causes functional deficits in the brain and that enhancing myelinogenesis protects brain functions against hypoxia-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu-Yu Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jian Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong-Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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15
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Ogoh S, Washio T, Stacey BS, Tsukamoto H, Iannetelli A, Owens TS, Calverley TA, Fall L, Marley CJ, Saito S, Watanabe H, Hashimoto T, Ando S, Miyamoto T, Bailey DM. Integrated respiratory chemoreflex-mediated regulation of cerebral blood flow in hypoxia: Implications for oxygen delivery and acute mountain sickness. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:1922-1938. [PMID: 34318560 DOI: 10.1113/ep089660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? To what extent do hypoxia-induced changes in the peripheral and central respiratory chemoreflex modulate anterior and posterior cerebral oxygen delivery, with corresponding implications for susceptibility to acute mountain sickness? What is the main finding and its importance? We provide evidence for site-specific regulation of cerebral blood flow in hypoxia that preserves oxygen delivery in the posterior but not the anterior cerebral circulation, with minimal contribution from the central respiratory chemoreflex. External carotid artery vasodilatation might prove to be an alternative haemodynamic risk factor that predisposes to acute mountain sickness. ABSTRACT The aim of the present study was to determine the extent to which hypoxia-induced changes in the peripheral and central respiratory chemoreflex modulate anterior and posterior cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen delivery (CDO2 ), with corresponding implications for the pathophysiology of the neurological syndrome, acute mountain sickness (AMS). Eight healthy men were randomly assigned single blind to 7 h of passive exposure to both normoxia (21% O2 ) and hypoxia (12% O2 ). The peripheral and central respiratory chemoreflex, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery (ECA) and vertebral artery blood flow (duplex ultrasound) and AMS scores (questionnaires) were measured throughout. A reduction in internal carotid artery CDO2 was observed during hypoxia despite a compensatory elevation in perfusion. In contrast, vertebral artery and ECA CDO2 were preserved, and the former was attributable to a more marked increase in perfusion. Hypoxia was associated with progressive activation of the peripheral respiratory chemoreflex (P < 0.001), whereas the central respiratory chemoreflex remained unchanged (P > 0.05). Symptom severity in participants who developed clinical AMS was positively related to ECA blood flow (Lake Louise score, r = 0.546-0.709, P = 0.004-0.043; Environmental Symptoms Questionnaires-Cerebral symptoms score, r = 0.587-0.771, P = 0.001-0.027, n = 4). Collectively, these findings highlight the site-specific regulation of CBF in hypoxia that maintains CDO2 selectively in the posterior but not the anterior cerebral circulation, with minimal contribution from the central respiratory chemoreflex. Furthermore, ECA vasodilatation might represent a hitherto unexplored haemodynamic risk factor implicated in the pathophysiology of AMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigehiko Ogoh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan.,Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Takuro Washio
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Hayato Tsukamoto
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Angelo Iannetelli
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Thomas S Owens
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Thomas A Calverley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Lewis Fall
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Christopher J Marley
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
| | - Shotaro Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hironori Watanabe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Toyo University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Soichi Ando
- Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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16
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Stacey BS, Campbell Z, Bailey DM. Elevated cerebral perfusion and preserved cognition in elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes: Evidence for neuroprotection. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2021; 31:2115-2122. [PMID: 34343371 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) is a popular martial art that exposes participants to recurrent intermittent asphyxiation due to controlled application of neck chokes. To what extent the sport impacts the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognition has not been examined. This study compared eleven elite Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes (aged 30 ± 8 y) who trained 12 ± 6 hours/week for 8 ± 4 years against eleven cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)- and age-matched controls. Internal carotid (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) blood flow were measured via duplex ultrasound to determine global cerebral blood flow (gCBF). Mild cognitive impairment and sub-domains of memory, attention/concentration/visual motor coordination, and executive function were determined by psychometric testing. There was no evidence of mild cognitive impairment in the athletes, and cognitive function was comparable between groups (all p > 0.05). In contrast, resting gCBF was selectively elevated in the athletes (741 ± 186 mL∙min-1 vs. 573 ± 166 mL∙min-1 , p = 0.037) due to combined differences in ICA (+65 mL∙min-1 , p = 0.079) and VA (+19 mL∙min-1 , p = 0.277) flow. In conclusion, the sustained elevation in resting cerebral perfusion provides preliminary evidence for adaptive neuroprotection that is independent of CRF and likely mediated by choke-induced cerebral preconditioning and/or lifelong exposure to BJJ-specific high-intensity interval training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S Stacey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Zac Campbell
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, UK
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17
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Shaw DM, Cabre G, Gant N. Hypoxic Hypoxia and Brain Function in Military Aviation: Basic Physiology and Applied Perspectives. Front Physiol 2021; 12:665821. [PMID: 34093227 PMCID: PMC8171399 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.665821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a major physiological threat during high-altitude flight and operations. In military aviation, although hypoxia-related fatalities are rare, incidences are common and are likely underreported. Hypoxia is a reduction in oxygen availability, which can impair brain function and performance of operational and safety-critical tasks. HH occurs at high altitude, due to the reduction in atmospheric oxygen pressure. This physiological state is also partially simulated in normobaric environments for training and research, by reducing the fraction of inspired oxygen to achieve comparable tissue oxygen saturation [normobaric hypoxia (NH)]. Hypoxia can occur in susceptible individuals below 10,000 ft (3,048 m) in unpressurised aircrafts and at higher altitudes in pressurised environments when life support systems malfunction or due to improper equipment use. Between 10,000 ft and 15,000 ft (4,572 m), brain function is mildly impaired and hypoxic symptoms are common, although both are often difficult to accurately quantify, which may partly be due to the effects of hypocapnia. Above 15,000 ft, brain function exponentially deteriorates with increasing altitude until loss of consciousness. The period of effective and safe performance of operational tasks following exposure to hypoxia is termed the time-of-useful-consciousness (TUC). Recovery of brain function following hypoxia may also lag beyond arterial reoxygenation and could be exacerbated by repeated hypoxic exposures or hyperoxic recovery. This review provides an overview of the basic physiology and implications of hypoxia for military aviation and discusses the utility of hypoxia recognition training.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Shaw
- Aviation Medicine Unit, Royal New Zealand Air Force Base Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,School of Sport, Exercise and Nutrition, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Gus Cabre
- Aviation Medicine Unit, Royal New Zealand Air Force Base Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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18
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Brain Energy Deficit as a Source of Oxidative Stress in Migraine: A Molecular Basis for Migraine Susceptibility. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1913-1932. [PMID: 33939061 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
People with migraine are prone to a brain energy deficit between attacks, through increased energy demand (hyperexcitable brain) or decreased supply (mitochondrial impairment). However, it is uncertain how this precipitates an acute attack. Here, the central role of oxidative stress is adduced. Specifically, neurons' antioxidant defenses rest ultimately on internally generated NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate), whose levels are tightly coupled to energy production. Mitochondrial NADPH is produced primarily by enzymes involved in energy generation, including isocitrate dehydrogenase of the Krebs (tricarboxylic acid) cycle; and an enzyme, nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), that depends on the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation to function, and that works in reverse, consuming antioxidants, when energy generation fails. In migraine aura, cortical spreading depression (CSD) causes an initial severe drop in level of NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), causing NNT to impair antioxidant defense. This is followed by functional hypoxia and a rebound in NADH, in which the electron transport chain overproduces oxidants. In migraine without aura, a similar biphasic fluctuation in NADH very likely generates oxidants in cortical regions farthest from capillaries and penetrating arterioles. Thus, the perturbations in brain energy demand and/or production seen in migraine are likely sufficient to cause oxidative stress, triggering an attack through oxidant-sensing nociceptive ion channels. Implications are discussed for the development of new classes of migraine preventives, for the current use of C57BL/6J mice (which lack NNT) in preclinical studies of migraine, for how a microembolism initiates CSD, and for how CSD can trigger a migraine.
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19
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Janigro D, Bailey DM, Lehmann S, Badaut J, O'Flynn R, Hirtz C, Marchi N. Peripheral Blood and Salivary Biomarkers of Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability and Neuronal Damage: Clinical and Applied Concepts. Front Neurol 2021; 11:577312. [PMID: 33613412 PMCID: PMC7890078 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.577312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Within the neurovascular unit (NVU), the blood–brain barrier (BBB) operates as a key cerebrovascular interface, dynamically insulating the brain parenchyma from peripheral blood and compartments. Increased BBB permeability is clinically relevant for at least two reasons: it actively participates to the etiology of central nervous system (CNS) diseases, and it enables the diagnosis of neurological disorders based on the detection of CNS molecules in peripheral body fluids. In pathological conditions, a suite of glial, neuronal, and pericyte biomarkers can exit the brain reaching the peripheral blood and, after a process of filtration, may also appear in saliva or urine according to varying temporal trajectories. Here, we specifically examine the evidence in favor of or against the use of protein biomarkers of NVU damage and BBB permeability in traumatic head injury, including sport (sub)concussive impacts, seizure disorders, and neurodegenerative processes such as Alzheimer's disease. We further extend this analysis by focusing on the correlates of human extreme physiology applied to the NVU and its biomarkers. To this end, we report NVU changes after prolonged exercise, freediving, and gravitational stress, focusing on the presence of peripheral biomarkers in these conditions. The development of a biomarker toolkit will enable minimally invasive routines for the assessment of brain health in a broad spectrum of clinical, emergency, and sport settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Janigro
- Department of Physiology Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States.,FloTBI Inc., Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Damian M Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvain Lehmann
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Jerome Badaut
- Brain Molecular Imaging Lab, CNRS UMR 5287, INCIA, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Robin O'Flynn
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Christophe Hirtz
- IRMB, INM, UFR Odontology, University Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicola Marchi
- Cerebrovascular and Glia Research, Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Functional Genomics (UMR 5203 CNRS-U 1191 INSERM, University of Montpellier), Montpellier, France
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20
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Bailey DM. Elemental 'particle physics-iology'; the Big Bang behind being human. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:401-407. [PMID: 31943409 DOI: 10.1113/ep088292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Damian Miles Bailey
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Pontypridd, UK
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