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Aravena-Canales D, Valenzuela-Muñoz V, Gallardo-Escarate C, Molina A, Valdés JA. Transcriptomic and Epigenomic Responses to Cortisol-Mediated Stress in Rainbow Trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7586. [PMID: 39062828 PMCID: PMC11276852 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The production and release of cortisol during stress responses are key regulators of growth in teleosts. Understanding the molecular responses to cortisol is crucial for the sustainable farming of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and other salmonid species. While several studies have explored the genomic and non-genomic impacts of cortisol on fish growth and skeletal muscle development, the long-term effects driven by epigenetic mechanisms, such as cortisol-induced DNA methylation, remain unexplored. In this study, we analyzed the transcriptome and genome-wide DNA methylation in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout seven days after cortisol administration. We identified 550 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA-seq and 9059 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) via whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that cortisol modulates the differential expression of genes associated with nucleotide metabolism, ECM-receptor interaction, and the regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathways. Similarly, cortisol induced the differential methylation of genes associated with focal adhesion, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and Wnt signaling. Through integrative analyses, we determined that 126 genes showed a negative correlation between up-regulated expression and down-regulated methylation. KEGG enrichment analysis of these genes indicated participation in ECM-receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesion. Using RT-qPCR, we confirmed the differential expression of lamb3, itga6, limk2, itgb4, capn2, and thbs1. This study revealed for the first time the molecular responses of skeletal muscle to cortisol at the transcriptomic and whole-genome DNA methylation levels in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile; (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
| | - Valentina Valenzuela-Muñoz
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ciencias de la Naturaleza, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción 4030000, Chile
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Cristian Gallardo-Escarate
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Aquatic Genomics, Department of Oceanography, University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile; (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2340000, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370035, Chile; (D.A.-C.); (A.M.)
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), University of Concepción, Concepcion 4030000, Chile; (V.V.-M.); (C.G.-E.)
- Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andres Bello, Quintay 2340000, Chile
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Luo QQ, Cheng L, Wang B, Chen X, Li WT, Chen SL. ZBTB20 mediates stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity via activating the NF-κB/transient receptor potential channel pathway. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14718. [PMID: 38009899 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress is a major trigger for visceral hypersensitivity (VH) in irritable bowel syndrome. The zinc finger protein ZBTB20 (ZBTB20) is implicated in somatic nociception via modulating transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, but its role in the development of VH is unclear. This study aimed to investigate the role of ZBTB20/TRP channel axis in stress-induced VH. METHODS Rats were subjected to water avoidance stress (WAS) for 10 consecutive days. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting ZBTB20 was intrathecally administered. Inhibitors of TRP channels, stress hormone receptors, and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) were administered. Visceromotor response to colorectal distension was recorded. Dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) were dissected for Western blot, coimmunoprecipitation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. The DRG-derived neuron cell line was applied for specific research. KEY RESULTS WAS-induced VH was suppressed by the inhibitor of TRPV1, TRPA1, or TRPM8, with enhanced expression of these channels in L6-S2 DRGs. The inhibitor of glucocorticoid receptor or β2-adrenergic receptor counteracted WAS-induced VH and TRP channel expression. Concurrently, WAS-induced stress hormone-dependent ZBTB20 expression and NF-κB activation in DRGs. Intrathecally injected ZBTB20 siRNA or an NF-κB inhibitor repressed WAS-caused effect. In cultured DRG-derived neurons, stress hormones promoted nuclear translocation of ZBTB20, which preceded p65 nuclear translocation. And, ZBTB20 siRNA suppressed stress hormone-caused NF-κB activation. Finally, WAS enhanced p65 binding to the promoter of TRPV1, TRPA1, or TRPM8 in rat DRGs. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES ZBTB20 mediates stress-induced VH via activating NF-κB/TRP channel pathway in nociceptive sensory neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Qing Luo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Cheng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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Rowson S, Bekhbat M, Kelly S, Hyer MM, Dyer S, Weinshenker D, Neigh G. Chronic adolescent stress alters GR-FKBP5 interactions in the hippocampus of adult female rats. Stress 2024; 27:2312467. [PMID: 38557197 PMCID: PMC11067065 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2024.2312467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure during development can have lasting behavioral consequences that differ in males and females. More specifically, increased depressive behaviors in females, but not males, are observed in both humans and rodent models of chronic stress. Despite these known stress-induced outcomes, the molecular consequences of chronic adolescent stress in the adult brain are less clear. The stress hormone corticosterone activates the glucocorticoid receptor, and activity of the receptor is regulated through interactions with co-chaperones-such as the immunophilin FK506 binding proteins 5 (FKBP5). Previously, it has been reported that the adult stress response is modified by a history of chronic stress; therefore, the current study assessed the impact of chronic adolescent stress on the interactions of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) with its regulatory co-chaperone FKBP5 in response to acute stress in adulthood. Although protein presence for FKBP5 did not differ by group, assessment of GR-FKBP5 interactions demonstrated that adult females with a history of chronic adolescent stress had elevated GR-FKBP5 interactions in the hippocampus following an acute stress challenge which could potentially contribute to a reduced translocation pattern given previous literature describing the impact of FKBP5 on GR activity. Interestingly, the altered co-chaperone interactions of the GR in the stressed female hippocampus were not coupled to an observable difference in transcription of GR-regulated genes. Together, these studies show that chronic adolescent stress causes lasting changes to co-chaperone interactions with the glucocorticoid receptor following stress exposure in adulthood and highlight the potential role that FKBP5 plays in these modifications. Understanding the long-term implications of adolescent stress exposure will provide a mechanistic framework to guide the development of interventions for adult disorders related to early life stress exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Rowson
- Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mandakh Bekhbat
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sean Kelly
- Department of Physiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Molly M. Hyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samya Dyer
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David Weinshenker
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Gretchen Neigh
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Pofi R, Caratti G, Ray DW, Tomlinson JW. Treating the Side Effects of Exogenous Glucocorticoids; Can We Separate the Good From the Bad? Endocr Rev 2023; 44:975-1011. [PMID: 37253115 PMCID: PMC10638606 DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
It is estimated that 2% to 3% of the population are currently prescribed systemic or topical glucocorticoid treatment. The potent anti-inflammatory action of glucocorticoids to deliver therapeutic benefit is not in doubt. However, the side effects associated with their use, including central weight gain, hypertension, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and osteoporosis, often collectively termed iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, are associated with a significant health and economic burden. The precise cellular mechanisms underpinning the differential action of glucocorticoids to drive the desirable and undesirable effects are still not completely understood. Faced with the unmet clinical need to limit glucocorticoid-induced adverse effects alongside ensuring the preservation of anti-inflammatory actions, several strategies have been pursued. The coprescription of existing licensed drugs to treat incident adverse effects can be effective, but data examining the prevention of adverse effects are limited. Novel selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists and selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators have been designed that aim to specifically and selectively activate anti-inflammatory responses based upon their interaction with the glucocorticoid receptor. Several of these compounds are currently in clinical trials to evaluate their efficacy. More recently, strategies exploiting tissue-specific glucocorticoid metabolism through the isoforms of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase has shown early potential, although data from clinical trials are limited. The aim of any treatment is to maximize benefit while minimizing risk, and within this review we define the adverse effect profile associated with glucocorticoid use and evaluate current and developing strategies that aim to limit side effects but preserve desirable therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pofi
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - Giorgio Caratti
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
| | - David W Ray
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- Oxford Kavli Centre for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX37LE, UK
| | - Jeremy W Tomlinson
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
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Crosstalk between p38 MAPK and GR Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063322. [PMID: 35328742 PMCID: PMC8953609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 MAPK is a signaling pathway important for cells to respond to environmental and intracellular stress. Upon activation, the p38 kinase phosphorylates downstream effectors, which control the inflammatory response and coordinate fundamental cellular processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. Dysregulation of this signaling pathway has been linked to inflammatory diseases and cancer. Secretion of glucocorticoids (GCs) is a classical endocrine response to stress. The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is the primary effector of GCs and plays an important role in the regulation of cell metabolism and immune response by influencing gene expression in response to hormone-dependent activation. Its ligands, the GCs or steroids, in natural or synthetic variation, are used as standard therapy for anti-inflammatory treatment, severe asthma, autoimmune diseases, and several types of cancer. Several years ago, the GR was identified as one of the downstream targets of p38, and, at the same time, it was shown that glucocorticoids could influence p38 signaling. In this review, we discuss the role of the crosstalk between the p38 and GR in the regulation of gene expression in response to steroids and comprehend the importance and potential of this interplay in future clinical applications.
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Aravena-Canales D, Aedo JE, Molina A, Valdés JA. Regulation of the early expression of MAFbx/atrogin-1 and MuRF1 through membrane-initiated cortisol action in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 253:110565. [PMID: 33497801 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2021.110565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are key stress-related hormones in vertebrates, with cortisol being the main glucocorticoid in teleosts. Glucocorticoids exert their effects through two mechanisms of action: genomic/classic and membrane initiated. In mammals, cortisol-mediated stress has been found to be associated with increased expression of critical atrophy-related genes (atrogenes), such as MAFbx/atrogin-1 and murf1/trim63. However, the direct impact of cortisol on the early regulation of atrogene expression in teleost skeletal muscle and the contribution of membrane-initiated cortisol action to this process have not been identified. In this work, the mRNA levels of atrogin-1 and murf1 were assessed in isolated myotubes and skeletal muscle of rainbow trout administered with cortisol or cortisol-BSA. This latter compound is a membrane-impermeable cortisol analog that exclusively induces membrane-initiated effects. We found that cortisol (10 mg/kg) first decreased the expression of both atrogenes at 3 h of treatment and then increased their expression at 9 h of treatment in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout. Additionally, the in vitro analysis suggested that membrane-initiated cortisol action regulates murf1 but not atrogin-1 in rainbow trout myotubes. Using RU486 to selectively block glucocorticoid receptor (GR), we found that early downregulation of murf1 is potentially mediated by membrane GR signaling in myotubes. Considering the results of both the in vivo and in vitro approaches, we suggest that membrane-initiated cortisol action regulates the early expression of atrophy-related processes in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Aravena-Canales
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge E Aedo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, 8370146 Santiago, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), 4030000 Concepción, Chile.
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Cooke PS, Mesa AM, Sirohi VK, Levin ER. Role of nuclear and membrane estrogen signaling pathways in the male and female reproductive tract. Differentiation 2020; 118:24-33. [PMID: 33339644 DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling through the main estrogen receptor, estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1; also known as ERα), is essential for normal female and male reproductive function. Historically, studies of estrogen action have focused on the classical genomic pathway. Although this is clearly the major pathway for steroid hormone actions, these hormones also signal through rapid non-classical effects involving cell membrane actions. Reports of rapid effects of estrogens extend for more than half a century, but recent results have expanded understanding of the identity, structure, function and overall importance of membrane receptors in estrogen responses. Key findings in this field were the immunohistochemical detection of ESR1 in cell membranes and demonstration that a portion of newly synthesized ESR1 is routed to the membrane by palmitoylation. These receptors in the membrane can then signal through protein kinases and other mechanisms following ligand binding to alter cell function. Another crucial advance in the field was development of transgenic mice expressing normal amounts of functional nuclear ESR1 (nESR1) but lacking membrane ESR1 (mESR1). Both male and female transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were infertile as adults, and both sexes had extensive reproductive abnormalities. Transgenic mice lacking mESR1 were highly protected from deleterious effects of neonatal estrogen administration, and estrogen effects on the histone methyltransferase Enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 that are mediated through mESR1 could have significant effects on epigenetic imprinting. In summary, signaling through mESR1 is essential for normal male and female reproductive function and fertility, and is a critical enabler of normal estrogen responses in vivo. Although the precise role of mESR1 in estrogen responses remains to be established, future research in this area should clarify its mechanism of action and lead to a better understanding of how mESR1 signaling works with classical genomic signaling through nESR1 to promote full estrogenic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Ana M Mesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Vijay K Sirohi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Ellis R Levin
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
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Tu H, Zhang D, Wadman MC, Li YL. Dexamethasone ameliorates recovery process of neuromuscular junctions after tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion injuries in mouse hindlimb. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Hymer WC, Nindl BC, Fragala MS. Growth Hormone(s), Testosterone, Insulin-Like Growth Factors, and Cortisol: Roles and Integration for Cellular Development and Growth With Exercise. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:33. [PMID: 32158429 PMCID: PMC7052063 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormones are largely responsible for the integrated communication of several physiological systems responsible for modulating cellular growth and development. Although the specific hormonal influence must be considered within the context of the entire endocrine system and its relationship with other physiological systems, three key hormones are considered the "anabolic giants" in cellular growth and repair: testosterone, the growth hormone superfamily, and the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) superfamily. In addition to these anabolic hormones, glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol must also be considered because of their profound opposing influence on human skeletal muscle anabolism in many instances. This review presents emerging research on: (1) Testosterone signaling pathways, responses, and adaptations to resistance training; (2) Growth hormone: presents new complexity with exercise stress; (3) Current perspectives on IGF-I and physiological adaptations and complexity these hormones as related to training; and (4) Glucocorticoid roles in integrated communication for anabolic/catabolic signaling. Specifically, the review describes (1) Testosterone as the primary anabolic hormone, with an anabolic influence largely dictated primarily by genomic and possible non-genomic signaling, satellite cell activation, interaction with other anabolic signaling pathways, upregulation or downregulation of the androgen receptor, and potential roles in co-activators and transcriptional activity; (2) Differential influences of growth hormones depending on the "type" of the hormone being assayed and the magnitude of the physiological stress; (3) The exquisite regulation of IGF-1 by a family of binding proteins (IGFBPs 1-6), which can either stimulate or inhibit biological action depending on binding; and (4) Circadian patterning and newly discovered variants of glucocorticoid isoforms largely dictating glucocorticoid sensitivity and catabolic, muscle sparing, or pathological influence. The downstream integrated anabolic and catabolic mechanisms of these hormones not only affect the ability of skeletal muscle to generate force; they also have implications for pharmaceutical treatments, aging, and prevalent chronic conditions such as metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and hypertension. Thus, advances in our understanding of hormones that impact anabolic: catabolic processes have relevance for athletes and the general population, alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: William J. Kraemer
| | - Nicholas A. Ratamess
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, United States
| | - Wesley C. Hymer
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Bradley C. Nindl
- Department of Sports Medicine, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Aedo JE, Zuloaga R, Bastías-Molina M, Meneses C, Boltaña S, Molina A, Valdés JA. Early transcriptomic responses associated with the membrane-initiated action of cortisol in the skeletal muscle of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:596-606. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00042.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cortisol is a critical neuroendocrine regulator of the stress response in fish. Cortisol practically affects all tissues by interacting with an intracellular receptor and modulating target gene expression. However, cortisol also interacts with components of the plasma membrane in a nongenomic process that activates rapid signaling. Until now, the implication of this novel cortisol signaling for the global transcriptional response has not been explored. In the present work, we evaluated the effects of the membrane-initiated actions of cortisol on the in vivo transcriptome of rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal muscle. RNA-Seq analyses were performed to examine the transcriptomic changes in rainbow trout stimulated by physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisol coupled with bovine serum albumin (cortisol-BSA), a membrane-impermeable analog of cortisol. A total of 660 million paired-ends reads were generated. Reads mapped onto the reference genome revealed that 1,737; 897; and 1,012 transcripts were differentially expressed after 1, 3, and 9 h of cortisol-BSA treatment, respectively. Gene Ontology analysis showed that this novel action of cortisol modulates several biological processes, such as mRNA processing, ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic processes, and transcription regulation. In addition, a KEGG analysis revealed that focal adhesion was the main signaling pathway that was upregulated at all the times tested. Taking these results together, we propose that the membrane-initiated cortisol action contributes significantly in the regulation of stress-mediated gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E. Aedo
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Macarena Bastías-Molina
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián Boltaña
- Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, ThermoFish Lab, Biotechnology Center, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, ThermoFish Lab, Biotechnology Center, Concepción, Chile
| | - Juan Antonio Valdés
- Universidad Andrés Bello, Departamento Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad de Concepción, ThermoFish Lab, Biotechnology Center, Concepción, Chile
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Microglia Activated by Excess Cortisol Induce HMGB1 Acetylation and Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampal DG Region of Mice Following Cold Exposure. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090426. [PMID: 31480279 PMCID: PMC6769965 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold stress can induce neuroinflammation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), but the mechanism underlying neuronal apoptosis induced by cold stress is not well-understood. To address this issue, male and female C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a temperature of 4 °C for 3 h per day for 1 week, and glial cell activation, neuronal apoptosis, and neuroinflammation were evaluated by western blotting, immunofluorescence, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase 2’-deoxyuridine 5’-triphosphate (dUTP) nick end labeling, Nissl staining, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, BV2 cells were treated with different concentrations of cortisol (CORT) for 3 h to mimic stress and molecular changes were assessed by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and co-immunoprecipitation. We found that excess CORT activated glial cells and increased neuroinflammation in the DG of mice exposed to cold temperatures, which was associated with increased acetylation and nuclear factor-κB signaling. These effects were mediated by the acetylation of lysine 9 of histone 3 and lysine 310 of p65, which resulted in increased mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, nuclear translocation of p65, microglia activation, and acetylation of high-mobility group box 1. Neuroinflammation was more severe in male compared to female mice. These findings provide new insight into the mechanisms of the cold stress response, which can inform the development of new strategies to combat the effects of hypothermia.
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12
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Nicoll JX, Fry AC, Mosier EM, Olsen LA, Sontag SA. MAPK, androgen, and glucocorticoid receptor phosphorylation following high-frequency resistance exercise non-functional overreaching. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2237-2253. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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13
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Aedo JE, Zuloaga R, Boltaña S, Molina A, Valdés JA. Membrane-initiated cortisol action modulates early pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 (pdk2) expression in fish skeletal muscle. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2019; 233:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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14
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Kudrna RA, Fry AC, Nicoll JX, Gallagher PM, Prewitt MR. Effect of Three Different Maximal Concentric Velocity Squat Protocols on MAPK Phosphorylation and Endocrine Responses. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 33:1692-1702. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Ning YJ, Chen SY, Lu XJ, Lu JF, Chen J. Glucocorticoid receptor in ayu (Plecoglossus altivelis): Genomic and non-genomic effects on monocytes/macrophages function. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 86:1151-1161. [PMID: 30597252 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is an important feedback regulator of the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. However, there are a limited number of studies focused on host-pathogen interactions in which an association between GR and immune response has been evaluated in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) after being challenged with highly pathogenic bacteria. Here, we cloned the cDNA sequence of the glucocorticoid receptor (PaGR) gene from ayu fish. The PaGR transcript was expressed in all tissues, and changes in expression were observed in immune tissues and MO/MФ after live Vibrio anguillarum infection. Subsequently, PaGR was expressed and purified to prepare anti-PaGR antibodies. We analyzed the subcellular localization of PaGR. PaGR was expressed not only in the intracellular space but also in the plasma membrane. PaGR activation decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. However, PaGR activation suppressed the phagocytosis activity of V. anguillarum-infected ayu MO/MФ via a non-genomic pathway. Interestingly, PaGR activation could enhance MO/MФ bacterial killing capability and apoptosis. Therefore, PaGR may modulate the immune response in ayu MO/MФ by genomic and non-genomic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Jun Ning
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Si-Ying Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Xin-Jiang Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Jian-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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16
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Marchioni A, Castaniere I, Tonelli R, Fantini R, Fontana M, Tabbì L, Viani A, Giaroni F, Ruggieri V, Cerri S, Clini E. Ultrasound-assessed diaphragmatic impairment is a predictor of outcomes in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease undergoing noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care 2018; 22:109. [PMID: 29703214 PMCID: PMC5921560 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-018-2033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound (US) evaluation of diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) has proved to be a reliable technique in critical care. In this single-center prospective study, we investigated the impact of US-assessed DD on noninvasive ventilation (NIV) failure in patients with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and its correlation with the transdiaphragmatic pressure assessed using the invasive sniff maneuver (Pdi sniff). METHODS A population of 75 consecutive patients with AECOPD with hypercapnic acidosis admitted to our respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) were enrolled. Change in diaphragm thickness (ΔTdi) < 20% during tidal volume was the predefined cutoff for identifying DD+/- status. Correlations between ΔTdi < 20% NIV failure and other clinical outcomes were investigated. Correlation between ΔTdi and Pdi sniff values was analyzed in a subset of ten patients. RESULTS DD+ patients had a higher risk for NIV failure than DD- patients (risk ratio, 4.4; p < 0.001), and this finding was significantly associated with higher RICU, in-hospital, and 90-day mortality rates; longer mechanical ventilation duration; higher tracheostomy rate; and longer RICU stay. Huge increases in NIV failure (HR, 6.2; p < 0.0001) and 90-day mortality (HR, 4.7; p = 0.008) in DD+ patients were found by Kaplan-Meier analysis. ΔTdi highly correlated with Pdi sniff (Pearson's r = 0.81; p = 0.004). ΔTdi < 20% showed better accuracy in predicting NIV failure than baseline pH value and early change in both arterial blood pH and partial pressure of carbon dioxide following NIV start (AUCs 0.84 to DTdi < 20%, 0.51 to pH value at baseline, 0.56 to early change in arterial blood pH following NIV start, and 0.54 to early change in partical pressure of carbon dioxide following NIV start, respectively; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Early and noninvasive US assessment of DD during severe AECOPD is reliable and accurate in identifying patients at major risk for NIV failure and worse prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Marchioni
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Ivana Castaniere
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Matteo Fontana
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Tabbì
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Viani
- University Hospital of Modena, School of Medicine, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Giaroni
- University Hospital of Modena, School of Medicine, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Ruggieri
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Cerri
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Diseases Unit and Centre for Rare Lung Diseases, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena Reggio Emilia, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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17
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Clarisse D, Thommis J, Van Wesemael K, Houtman R, Ratman D, Tavernier J, Offner F, Beck I, De Bosscher K. Coregulator profiling of the glucocorticoid receptor in lymphoid malignancies. Oncotarget 2017; 8:109675-109691. [PMID: 29312638 PMCID: PMC5752551 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Coregulators cooperate with nuclear receptors, such as the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), to enhance or repress transcription. These regulatory proteins are implicated in cancer, yet, their role in lymphoid malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is largely unknown. Here, we report the use and extension of the microarray assay for real-time nuclear receptor coregulator interactions (MARCoNI) technology to detect coregulator associations with endogenous GR in cell lysates. We use MARCoNI to determine the GR coregulator profile of glucocorticoid-sensitive (MM and ALL) and glucocorticoid-resistant (ALL) cells, and identify common and unique coregulators for different cell line comparisons. Overall, we identify SRC-1/2/3, PGC-1α, RIP140 and DAX-1 as the strongest interacting coregulators of GR in MM and ALL cells and show that the interaction strength does not correlate with GR protein levels. Lastly, as a step towards patient samples, we determine the GR coregulator profile of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We profile the interactions between GR and coregulators in MM and ALL cells and suggest to further explore the GR coregulator profile in hematological patient samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Clarisse
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Thommis
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Van Wesemael
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - René Houtman
- PamGene International B.V., 's Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Dariusz Ratman
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Current/Present address: Roche Global IT Solutions, Roche-Polska, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Tavernier
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ilse Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology and Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Health Sciences, Odisee University College, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Bosscher
- Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL) and Cytokine Receptor Lab (CRL), VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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18
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A Biologically-Based Computational Approach to Drug Repurposing for Anthrax Infection. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9030099. [PMID: 28287432 PMCID: PMC5371854 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9030099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing drugs to treat the toxic effects of lethal toxin (LT) and edema toxin (ET) produced by B. anthracis is of global interest. We utilized a computational approach to score 474 drugs/compounds for their ability to reverse the toxic effects of anthrax toxins. For each toxin or drug/compound, we constructed an activity network by using its differentially expressed genes, molecular targets, and protein interactions. Gene expression profiles of drugs were obtained from the Connectivity Map and those of anthrax toxins in human alveolar macrophages were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Drug rankings were based on the ability of a drug/compound’s mode of action in the form of a signaling network to reverse the effects of anthrax toxins; literature reports were used to verify the top 10 and bottom 10 drugs/compounds identified. Simvastatin and bepridil with reported in vitro potency for protecting cells from LT and ET toxicities were computationally ranked fourth and eighth. The other top 10 drugs were fenofibrate, dihydroergotamine, cotinine, amantadine, mephenytoin, sotalol, ifosfamide, and mefloquine; literature mining revealed their potential protective effects from LT and ET toxicities. These drugs are worthy of investigation for their therapeutic benefits and might be used in combination with antibiotics for treating B. anthracis infection.
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19
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Marchioni A, Tonelli R, Antenora F, Fantini R, Clini EM. COPD exacerbation and diaphragmatic dysfunction: Conditions with mutual influence influencing outcomes? - Reply. Respirology 2017; 22:830-831. [PMID: 28276190 DOI: 10.1111/resp.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Federico Antenora
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo Fantini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Enrico M Clini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
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20
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Chang SW, Yoshihara T, Machida S, Naito H. Circadian rhythm of intracellular protein synthesis signaling in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 9:153-158. [PMID: 28956001 PMCID: PMC5614553 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracellular signaling exhibits circadian variation in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and liver. However, it is unclear whether circadian regulation also extends to intracellular signaling pathways in the cardiac and skeletal muscles. Here, we examined circadian variation in the intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/70 kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (p70S6K) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, which regulate protein synthesis in rat cardiac and skeletal muscles. Seven-week-old male Wistar rats were assigned to six groups: Zeitgeber time (ZT) 2, ZT6, ZT10, ZT14, ZT18, and ZT22 (ZT0, lights on; ZT12, lights off). The cardiac, plantaris, and soleus muscles were removed after a 12-h fasting period, and signal transducers involved in protein synthesis (mTOR, p70S6K, and ERK) were analyzed by western blotting. Circadian rhythms of signal transducers were observed in both cardiac (mTOR, p70S6K, and ERK) and plantaris (p70S6K and ERK) muscles (p<0.05), but not in the soleus muscle. In the cardiac muscle, the phosphorylation rate of mTOR was significantly higher at ZT6 (peak) than at ZT18 (bottom), and the phosphorylation rate of p70S6K was significantly higher at ZT2 (peak) than at ZT18 (bottom). In contrast, in the plantaris muscle, the phosphorylation rate of ERK was significantly lower at ZT2 (bottom) than at ZT18 (peak). Our data suggested that protein synthesis via mTOR/p70S6K and ERK signaling molecules exhibits circadian variation in rat cardiac and fast-type plantaris muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Wen Chang
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science, Juntendo University, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba 270-1695, Japan
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21
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Espinoza MB, Aedo JE, Zuloaga R, Valenzuela C, Molina A, Valdés JA. Cortisol Induces Reactive Oxygen Species Through a Membrane Glucocorticoid Receptor in Rainbow Trout Myotubes. J Cell Biochem 2016; 118:718-725. [PMID: 27564718 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol is an essential regulator of neuroendocrine stress responses in teleosts. Cortisol predominantly affects target tissues through the genomic pathway, which involves interacting with cytoplasmic glucocorticoid receptors, and thereby, modulating stress-response gene expressions. Cortisol also produces rapid effects via non-genomic pathways, which do not involve gene transcription. Although cortisol-mediated genomic pathways are well documented in teleosts, non-genomic pathways are not fully understood. Moreover, no studies have focused on the contribution of non-genomic cortisol pathways in compensatory stress responses in fish. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skeletal myotubes were stimulated with physiological concentrations of cortisol and cortisol-BSA, a membrane-impermeable agent, resulting in an early induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). This production was not suppressed by transcription or translation inhibitors, suggesting non-genomic pathway involvement. Moreover, myotube preincubation with RU486 and NAC completely suppressed cortisol- and cortisol-BSA-induced ROS production. Subcellular fractionation analysis revealed the presence of cell membrane glucocorticoid receptors. Finally, cortisol-BSA induced a significant increase in ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, as well as in CREB-dependent transcriptional activation of the pgc1a gene expression. The obtained results strongly suggest that cortisol acts through a non-genomic glucocorticoid receptor-mediated pathway to induce ROS production and contribute to ERK/CREB/PGC1-α signaling pathway activation as stress compensation mechanisms. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 718-725, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen B Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Jorge E Aedo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Zuloaga
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Cristian Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
| | - Juan A Valdés
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), P.O. Box 160-C, Concepción, Chile.,Centro de Investigación Marina Quintay (CIMARQ), Universidad Andrés Bello, Quintay, Chile
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22
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Sundahl N, Clarisse D, Bracke M, Offner F, Berghe WV, Beck IM. Selective glucocorticoid receptor-activating adjuvant therapy in cancer treatments. Oncoscience 2016; 3:188-202. [PMID: 27713909 PMCID: PMC5043069 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although adverse effects and glucocorticoid resistance cripple their chronic use, glucocorticoids form the mainstay therapy for acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, and play an important role in treatment protocols of both lymphoid malignancies and as adjuvant to stimulate therapy tolerability in various solid tumors. Glucocorticoid binding to their designate glucocorticoid receptor (GR), sets off a plethora of cell-specific events including therapeutically desirable effects, such as cell death, as well as undesirable effects, including chemotherapy resistance, systemic side effects and glucocorticoid resistance. In this context, selective GR agonists and modulators (SEGRAMs) with a more restricted GR activity profile have been developed, holding promise for further clinical development in anti-inflammatory and potentially in cancer therapies. Thus far, the research into the prospective benefits of selective GR modulators in cancer therapy limped behind. Our review discusses how selective GR agonists and modulators could improve the therapy regimens for lymphoid malignancies, prostate or breast cancer. We summarize our current knowledge and look forward to where the field should move to in the future. Altogether, our review clarifies novel therapeutic perspectives in cancer modulation via selective GR targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Sundahl
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Dorien Clarisse
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium; Receptor Research Laboratories, Nuclear Receptor Lab (NRL), VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marc Bracke
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fritz Offner
- Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry, Proteomics and Epigenetic Signaling, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ilse M Beck
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research (LECR), Department of Radiation Oncology & Experimental Cancer Research, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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23
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Duque EDA, Munhoz CD. The Pro-inflammatory Effects of Glucocorticoids in the Brain. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2016; 7:78. [PMID: 27445981 PMCID: PMC4923130 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones derived from cholesterol. Their actions are mediated by the glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors, members of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which, once bound to their ligands, act as transcription factors that can directly modulate gene expression. Through protein-protein interactions with other transcription factors, they can also regulate the activity of many genes in a composite or tethering way. Rapid non-genomic signaling was also demonstrated since glucocorticoids can act through membrane receptors and activate signal transduction pathways, such as protein kinases cascades, to modulate other transcriptions factors and activate or repress various target genes. By all these different mechanisms, glucocorticoids regulate numerous important functions in a large variety of cells, not only in the peripheral organs but also in the central nervous system during development and adulthood. In general, glucocorticoids are considered anti-inflammatory and protective agents due to their ability to inhibit gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and other possible damaging molecules. Nonetheless, recent studies have uncovered situations in which these hormones can act as pro-inflammatory agents depending on the dose, chronicity of exposure, and the structure/organ analyzed. In this review, we will provide an overview of the conditions under which these phenomena occur, a discussion that will serve as a basis for exploring the mechanistic foundation of glucocorticoids pro-inflammatory gene regulation in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica de Almeida Duque
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Demarchi Munhoz
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Carolina Demarchi Munhoz,
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