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Noguchi I, Maeda H, Kobayashi K, Nagasaki T, Kato H, Yanagisawa H, Wada N, Kanazawa G, Kaji T, Sakai H, Fujimaki S, Ono Y, Taguchi K, Chuang VTG, Saruwatari J, Otagiri M, Watanabe H, Maruyama T. Carbon monoxide-loaded cell therapy as an exercise mimetic for sarcopenia treatment. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 220:67-77. [PMID: 38657755 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.04.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterized by loss of muscle strength and muscle mass with aging. The growing number of sarcopenia patients as a result of the aging population has no viable treatment. Exercise maintains muscle strength and mass by increasing peroxisome growth factor activating receptor γ-conjugating factor-1α (PGC-1α) and Akt signaling in skeletal muscle. The present study focused on the carbon monoxide (CO), endogenous activator of PGC-1α and Akt, and investigated the therapeutic potential of CO-loaded red blood cells (CO-RBCs), which is bioinspired from in vivo CO delivery system, as an exercise mimetic for the treatment of sarcopenia. Treatment of C2C12 myoblasts with the CO-donor increased the protein levels of PGC-1α which enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and energy production. The CO-donor treatment also activated Akt, indicating that CO promotes muscle synthesis. CO levels were significantly elevated in the skeletal muscle of normal mice after intravenous administration of CO-RBCs. Furthermore, CO-RBCs restored the mRNA expression levels of PGC-1α in the skeletal muscle of two experimental sarcopenia mouse models, denervated (Den) and hindlimb unloading (HU) models. CO-RBCs also restored muscle mass in Den mice by activating Akt signaling and suppressing the muscle atrophy factors myostatin and atrogin-1, and oxidative stress. Treadmill tests further showed that the reduced running distance in HU mice was significantly restored by CO-RBC administration. These findings suggest that CO-RBCs have potential as an exercise mimetic for sarcopenia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isamu Noguchi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hitoshi Maeda
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuki Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Taisei Nagasaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiromasa Kato
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yanagisawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Naoki Wada
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Gai Kanazawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Tsubasa Kaji
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
| | - Shin Fujimaki
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Muscle Development and Regeneration, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Taguchi
- Division of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Victor Tuan Giam Chuang
- Pharmacy Discipline, Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, 6845, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and DDS Research Institute, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Toru Maruyama
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
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Vargas-Foitzick R, García-Ordenes B, Iratchet D, Acuña A, Alcayaga S, Fernández C, Toledo K, Rodríguez M, Naranjo C, Bustamante R, Haeger PA. Exercise reduces physical alterations in a rat model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Biol Res 2024; 57:41. [PMID: 38907274 PMCID: PMC11193177 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-024-00520-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) has serious physical consequences for children such as behavioral disabilities, growth disorders, neuromuscular problems, impaired motor coordination, and decreased muscle tone. However, it is not known whether loss of muscle strength occurs, and which interventions will effectively mitigate physical PAE impairments. We aimed to investigate whether physical alteration persists during adolescence and whether exercise is an effective intervention. RESULTS Using paradigms to evaluate different physical qualities, we described that early adolescent PAE animals have significant alterations in agility and strength, without alterations in balance and coordination compared to CTRL animals. We evaluated the effectiveness of 3 different exercise protocols for 4 weeks: Enrichment environment (EE), Endurance exercise (EEX), and Resistance exercise (REX). The enriched environment significantly improved the strength in the PAE group but not in the CTRL group whose strength parameters were maintained even during exercise. Resistance exercise showed the greatest benefits in gaining strength, and endurance exercise did not. CONCLUSION PAE induced a significant decrease in strength compared to CTRL in PND21. Resistance exercise is the most effective to reverse the effects of PAE on muscular strength. Our data suggests that individualized, scheduled, and supervised training of resistance is more beneficial than endurance or enriched environment exercise for adolescents FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Vargas-Foitzick
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Bayron García-Ordenes
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Donovan Iratchet
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Angie Acuña
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Spencer Alcayaga
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Cristian Fernández
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Karla Toledo
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Marianela Rodríguez
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carolina Naranjo
- Departamento de Ciencias Clínicas, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - René Bustamante
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Paola A Haeger
- Departamento de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
- Núcleo de Investigación en Prevención y Tratamiento de Enfermedades Crónicas no Transmisibles (NiPTEC), Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Peñín-Grandes S, López-Ortiz S, Maroto-Izquierdo S, Menéndez H, Pinto-Fraga J, Martín-Hernández J, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Winners do what they fear: exercise and peripheral arterial disease-an umbrella review. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:380-388. [PMID: 37611200 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize findings from published meta-analyses on the effects of regular exercise in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD). The review will assess the impact of exercise on functional parameters, health-related quality of life, haemodynamic parameters, physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases (up to May 2023) to identify meta-analyses including randomized controlled trials that examined the effects of regular exercise in patients with PAD. Sixteen studies, with a total of 198 meta-analyses, were identified. Results revealed with strong evidence that patients with PAD who exercised improved functional and health-related quality of life parameters. Specifically, supervised aerobic exercise (i.e. walking to moderate-maximum claudication pain) improves maximum walking distance [mean difference (MD): 177.94 m, 95% confidence interval (CI) 142.29-213.60; P < 0.00001; I2: 65%], pain-free walking distance (fixed MD: 68.78 m, 95% CI 54.35-83.21; P < 0.00001; I2: 67%), self-reported walking ability [i.e. distance score (MD: 9.22 points, 95% CI 5.74-12.70; P < 0.00001; I2: 0%), speed score (MD: 8.71 points, 95% CI 5.64-11.77; P < 0.00001, I2: 0%), stair-climbing score (MD: 8.02 points, 95% CI 4.84-11.21; P < 0.00001, I2: 0%), and combined score (MD: 8.76 points, 95% CI 2.78-14.74; P < 0.0001, I2: 0%)], aerobic capacity (fixed MD: 0.62 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 0.47-0.77, P < 0.00001, I2: 64%), and pain score (MD: 7.65, 95% CI 3.15-12.15; P = 0.0009; I2: 0%), while resistance exercise improves lower limb strength (standardized mean difference: 0.71, 95% CI 0.29-1.13, P = 0.0009; I2: 0%]. Regarding other outcomes, such as haemodynamic parameters, no significant evidence was found, while physical activity levels, adverse events, and mortality require further investigation. CONCLUSION Synthesis of the currently available meta-analyses suggests that regular exercise may be beneficial for a broad range of functional tasks improving health-related quality of life in patients with PAD. Supervised aerobic exercise is the best type of exercise to improve walking-related outcomes and pain, while resistance exercise is more effective to improve lower limb strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Peñín-Grandes
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Susana López-Ortiz
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Héctor Menéndez
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - José Pinto-Fraga
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Juan Martín-Hernández
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Simone Lista
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12' and 'PaHerg group'), Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), Padre Julio Chevalier Street, 2, 47012, Valladolid, Castilla y León, Spain
- Research Institute of the Hospital 12 de Octubre ('imas12' and 'PaHerg group'), Madrid, Spain
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4
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Lautaoja-Kivipelto JH, Karvinen S, Korhonen TM, O'Connell TM, Tiirola M, Hulmi JJ, Pekkala S. Interaction of the C2C12 myotube contractions and glucose availability on transcriptome and extracellular vesicle microRNAs. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2024; 326:C348-C361. [PMID: 38047306 PMCID: PMC11192488 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00401.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation (EL-EPS) of myotubes mimics many key physiological changes induced by in vivo exercise. Besides enabling intracellular research, EL-EPS allows to study secreted factors, including muscle-specific microRNAs (myomiRs) carried in extracellular vesicles (EVs). These factors can participate in contraction-induced intercellular cross talk and may mediate the health benefits of exercise. However, the current knowledge of these responses, especially under variable nutritional conditions, is limited. We investigated the effects of EL-EPS on C2C12 myotube transcriptome in high- and low-glucose conditions by messenger RNA sequencing, while the expression of EV-carried miRNAs was analyzed by small RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR. We show that higher glucose availability augmented contraction-induced transcriptional changes and that the majority of the differentially expressed genes were upregulated. Furthermore, based on the pathway analyses, processes related to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory responses were upregulated. In addition, we report that EL-EPS increased packing of miR-1-3p into EVs independent of glucose availability. Together our findings suggest that in vitro EL-EPS is a usable tool not only to study contraction-induced intracellular mechanisms but also extracellular responses. The distinct transcriptional changes observed under variable nutritional conditions emphasize the importance of careful consideration of media composition in future exercise-mimicking studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The present study examined for the first time the effects of exercise-like electrical pulse stimulation administered under distinct nutritional conditions on 1) the transcriptome of the C2C12 myotubes and 2) their media containing extracellular vesicle-carried microRNAs. We report that higher glucose availability augmented transcriptional responses related especially to contractility and cytokine/inflammatory pathways. Agreeing with in vivo studies, we show that the packing of exercise-responsive miR-1-3p was increased in the extracellular vesicles in response to myotube contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juulia H Lautaoja-Kivipelto
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sira Karvinen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Tia-Marje Korhonen
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Thomas M O'Connell
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Marja Tiirola
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Juha J Hulmi
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Satu Pekkala
- Faculty of Sport and Sciences, Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Franco-Obregón A, Tai YK, Wu KY, Iversen JN, Wong CJK. The Developmental Implications of Muscle-Targeted Magnetic Mitohormesis: A Human Health and Longevity Perspective. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:956. [PMID: 37627841 PMCID: PMC10451851 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements in energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences in muscle performance are manifestations of the expression of distinct contractile-protein isoforms and of mitochondrial-energy substrate utilization. Powerful contractures require immediate energy production from carbohydrates outside the mitochondria that exhaust rapidly. Sustained muscle contractions require aerobic energy production from fatty acids by the mitochondria that is slower and produces less force. These two patterns of muscle force generation are broadly classified as glycolytic or oxidative, respectively, and require disparate levels of increased contractile or mitochondrial protein production, respectively, to be effectively executed. Glycolytic muscle, hence, tends towards fibre hypertrophy, whereas oxidative fibres are more disposed towards increased mitochondrial content and efficiency, rather than hypertrophy. Although developmentally predetermined muscle classes exist, a degree of functional plasticity persists across all muscles post-birth that can be modulated by exercise and generally results in an increase in the oxidative character of muscle. Oxidative muscle is most strongly correlated with organismal metabolic balance and longevity because of the propensity of oxidative muscle for fatty-acid oxidation and associated anti-inflammatory ramifications which occur at the expense of glycolytic-muscle development and hypertrophy. This muscle-class size disparity is often at odds with common expectations that muscle mass should scale positively with improved health and longevity. Brief magnetic-field activation of the muscle mitochondrial pool has been shown to recapitulate key aspects of the oxidative-muscle phenotype with similar metabolic hallmarks. This review discusses the common genetic cascades invoked by endurance exercise and magnetic-field therapy and the potential physiological differences with regards to human health and longevity. Future human studies examining the physiological consequences of magnetic-field therapy are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Franco-Obregón
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - Yee Kit Tai
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- NUS Centre for Cancer Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Kwan Yu Wu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Nikolas Iversen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - Craig Jun Kit Wong
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (K.Y.W.); (J.N.I.); (C.J.K.W.)
- Institute of Health Technology and Innovation (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Biolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems Laboratory (BICEPS), National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Angeles-Valencia M, Anguiano-Robledo L, González-López LL, Sosa-Gómez A, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Esquivel-Chirino C, Ruiz-Velazco-Benítez YA, Morales-González JA. Phytochemicals and modulation of exercise-induced oxidative stress: a novel overview of antioxidants. Am J Transl Res 2022; 14:8292-8314. [PMID: 36505319 PMCID: PMC9730074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The practice of physical exercise induces a series of physiological changes in the body at different levels, either acutely or chronically. During exercise, the increase in oxygen consumption promotes the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which are necessary to maintain homeostasis. ROS/RNS activate cellular signaling pathways, such as the antioxidant cytoprotective systems, inflammation, and cell proliferation, which are crucial for cell survival. However, in exhaustive-extended physical exercise, workloads can exceed the endogenous antioxidant defenses, which may be related to impairment of muscle contraction, fatigue, and a decrease in athletic performance. This review addresses the role of some antioxidants from plant-derived extracts called phytochemicals that can mediate the response to oxidative stress induced by physical exercise by activating signaling pathways, such as Nrf2/Keap1/ARE, responsible for the endogenous antioxidant response and possibly having an impact on sports performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | | | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Laura Ligia González-López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Sosa-Gómez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias de la Salud Unidad Santo Tomas, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, Departamento de Fisiología, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Cesar Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | | | - José A Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico NacionalCiudad de Mexico, Mexico
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7
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The Effects of Exercise Training on Mitochondrial Function in Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012559. [PMID: 36293409 PMCID: PMC9603958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Exercise training is potentially an effective non-pharmacological strategy to restore mitochondrial health in CVD. However, how exercise modifies mitochondrial functionality is inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review using the PubMed; Scopus and Web of Science databases to investigate the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial function in CVD patients. Search terms included “mitochondria”, “exercise”, “aerobic capacity”, and “cardiovascular disease” in varied combination. The search yielded 821 records for abstract screening, of which 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. We summarized the effect of exercise training on mitochondrial morphology, biogenesis, dynamics, oxidative capacity, antioxidant capacity, and quality. Amongst these parameters, only oxidative capacity was suitable for a meta-analysis, which demonstrated a significant effect size of exercise in improving mitochondrial oxidative capacity in CVD patients (SMD = 4.78; CI = 2.99 to 6.57; p < 0.01), but with high heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 75%, p = 0.003). Notably, aerobic exercise enhanced succinate-involved oxidative phosphorylation. The majority of the results suggested that exercise improves morphology and biogenesis, whereas findings on dynamic, antioxidant capacity, and quality, were inadequate or inconclusive. A further randomized controlled trial is clearly required to explain how exercise modifies the pathway of mitochondrial quantity and quality in CVD patients.
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Peñín-Grandes S, Martín-Hernández J, Valenzuela PL, López-Ortiz S, Pinto-Fraga J, Solá LDR, Emanuele E, Lista S, Lucia A, Santos-Lozano A. Exercise and the hallmarks of peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:41-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Zhang X, Gao F. Exercise improves vascular health: Role of mitochondria. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:347-359. [PMID: 34748911 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Vascular mitochondria constantly integrate signals from environment and respond accordingly to match vascular function to metabolic requirements of the organ tissues, while mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to vascular aging and pathologies such as atherosclerosis, stenosis, and hypertension. As an effective lifestyle intervention, exercise induces extensive mitochondrial adaptations through vascular mechanical stress and the increased production and release of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide that activate multiple intracellular signaling pathways, among which peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) plays a critical role. PGC-1α coordinates mitochondrial quality control mechanisms to maintain a healthy mitochondrial pool and promote endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity in vasculature. The mitochondrial adaptations to exercise improve bioenergetics, balance redox status, protect endothelial cells against detrimental insults, increase vascular plasticity, and ameliorate aging-related vascular dysfunction, thus benefiting vascular health. This review highlights recent findings of mitochondria as a central hub integrating exercise-afforded vascular benefits and its underlying mechanisms. A better understanding of the mitochondrial adaptations to exercise will not only shed light on the mechanisms of exercise-induced cardiovascular protection, but may also provide new clues to mitochondria-oriented precise exercise prescriptions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine of the Ministry of Education, School of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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10
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Angeles-Valencia M, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-Martínez M, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Gutiérrez-Salinas J, Esquivel-Chirino C, Chamorro-Cevallos G, Cristóbal-Luna JM, Morales-González JA. Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Function and Adaptation to Exercise: New Perspectives in Nutrition. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111269. [PMID: 34833151 PMCID: PMC8624755 DOI: 10.3390/life11111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells have the ability to adapt to stressful environments as a part of their evolution. Physical exercise induces an increase of a demand for energy that must be met by mitochondria as the main (ATP) provider. However, this process leads to the increase of free radicals and the so-called reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are necessary for the maintenance of cell signaling and homeostasis. In addition, mitochondrial biogenesis is influenced by exercise in continuous crosstalk between the mitochondria and the nuclear genome. Excessive workloads may induce severe mitochondrial stress, resulting in oxidative damage. In this regard, the objective of this work was to provide a general overview of the molecular mechanisms involved in mitochondrial adaptation during exercise and to understand if some nutrients such as antioxidants may be implicated in blunt adaptation and/or an impact on the performance of exercise by different means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Angeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Laboratorio de Genética, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos, Av. Wilfrido Massieu, Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - José Gutiérrez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Medicina Experimental, Centro Médico Nacional “20 de Noviembre”, ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 03229, Mexico;
| | - César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
| | - Germán Chamorro-Cevallos
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-L.)
| | - José Melesio Cristóbal-Luna
- Laboratorio de Toxicología Preclínica, Departamento de Farmacia, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Wilfrido Massieu 399, Col. Nueva Industrial Vallejo, Del. Gustavo A. Madero, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (G.C.-C.); (J.M.C.-L.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.A.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (Á.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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11
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Nguyen BL, Yoshihara T, Deminice R, Lawrence J, Ozdemir M, Hyatt H, Powers SK. Alterations in renin-angiotensin receptors are not responsible for exercise preconditioning of skeletal muscle fibers. SPORTS MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2021; 3:148-156. [PMID: 35784524 PMCID: PMC9219300 DOI: 10.1016/j.smhs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise training promotes a protective phenotype in skeletal muscle known as exercise preconditioning. Exercise preconditioning protects muscle fibers against a variety of threats including inactivity-induced muscle atrophy. The mechanism(s) responsible for exercise preconditioning remain unknown and are explored in these experiments. Specifically, we investigated the impact of endurance exercise training on key components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The RAS was targeted because activation of the classical axis of the RAS pathway via angiotensin II type I receptors (AT1Rs) promotes muscle atrophy whereas activation of the non-classical RAS axis via Mas receptors (MasRs) inhibits the atrophic signaling of the classical RAS pathway. Guided by prior studies, we hypothesized that an exercise-induced decrease in AT1Rs and/or increases in MasRs in skeletal muscle fibers is a potential mechanism responsible for exercise preconditioning. Following endurance exercise training in rats, we examined the abundance of AT1Rs and MasRs in both locomotor and respiratory muscles. Our results indicate that endurance exercise training does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs or MasRs in muscle fibers from the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus muscles compared to sedentary controls (p > 0.05). Furthermore, fluorescent angiotensin II (AngII) binding analyses confirm our results that exercise preconditioning does not alter the protein abundance of AT1Rs in the diaphragm, plantaris, and soleus (p > 0.05). This study confirms that exercise-induced changes in RAS receptors are not a key mechanism that contributes to the beneficial effects of exercise preconditioning in skeletal muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branden L. Nguyen
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Toshinori Yoshihara
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Juntendo University, Tokyo, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Rafael Deminice
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Department of Physical Education, University of Estadual of Londrina, Londrina, 10011, Brazil
| | - Jensen Lawrence
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Mustafa Ozdemir
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Hayden Hyatt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
| | - Scott K. Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, Florida, USA
- Corresponding authors. Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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Nox2 Inhibition Regulates Stress Response and Mitigates Skeletal Muscle Fiber Atrophy during Simulated Microgravity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063252. [PMID: 33806917 PMCID: PMC8005132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient stress response and elevated oxidative stress can contribute to skeletal muscle atrophy during mechanical unloading (e.g., spaceflight and bedrest). Perturbations in heat shock proteins (e.g., HSP70), antioxidant enzymes, and sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxidase synthase (nNOS) have been linked to unloading-induced atrophy. We recently discovered that the sarcolemmal NADPH oxidase-2 complex (Nox2) is elevated during unloading, downstream of angiotensin II receptor 1, and concomitant with atrophy. Here, we hypothesized that peptidyl inhibition of Nox2 would attenuate disruption of HSP70, MnSOD, and sarcolemmal nNOS during unloading, and thus muscle fiber atrophy. F344 rats were divided into control (CON), hindlimb unloaded (HU), and hindlimb unloaded +7.5 mg/kg/day gp91ds-tat (HUG) groups. Unloading-induced elevation of the Nox2 subunit p67phox-positive staining was mitigated by gp91ds-tat. HSP70 protein abundance was significantly lower in HU muscles, but not HUG. MnSOD decreased with unloading; however, MnSOD was not rescued by gp91ds-tat. In contrast, Nox2 inhibition protected against unloading suppression of the antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2. nNOS bioactivity was reduced by HU, an effect abrogated by Nox2 inhibition. Unloading-induced soleus fiber atrophy was significantly attenuated by gp91ds-tat. These data establish a causal role for Nox2 in unloading-induced muscle atrophy, linked to preservation of HSP70, Nrf2, and sarcolemmal nNOS.
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13
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The mechanism and prevention of mitochondrial injury after exercise. J Physiol Biochem 2021; 77:215-225. [PMID: 33650090 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-021-00802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
With the development of society, physical activity has come to be an effective means by which people pursue good health to improve the quality of life. However, with the increase of intensity and the passage of time, exercise injury has become a hazard that can no longer be ignored. It is imperative to find effective ways to inhibit or reduce the negative effects of exercise. Mitochondria are important organelles involved in exercise and play an important role in exercise injury and prevention. Studies have found that exercise preconditioning and increased mitochondrial nutrition can effectively decrease mitochondrial damage after exercise. Against this background, some of the newest developments in this important field are reviewed here. The results discussed indicate that exercise preconditioning and supplement mitochondrial nutrition need to be increased to prevent exercise-related injuries.
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Maiese K. Nicotinamide as a Foundation for Treating Neurodegenerative Disease and Metabolic Disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 2021; 18:134-149. [PMID: 33397266 PMCID: PMC8254823 DOI: 10.2174/1567202617999210104220334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders impact more than one billion individuals worldwide and are intimately tied to metabolic disease that can affect another nine hundred individuals throughout the globe. Nicotinamide is a critical agent that may offer fruitful prospects for neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders, such as diabetes mellitus. Nicotinamide protects against multiple toxic environments that include reactive oxygen species exposure, anoxia, excitotoxicity, ethanolinduced neuronal injury, amyloid (Aß) toxicity, age-related vascular disease, mitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, excess lactate production, and loss of glucose homeostasis with pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. However, nicotinamide offers cellular protection in a specific concentration range, with dosing outside of this range leading to detrimental effects. The underlying biological pathways of nicotinamide that involve the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), and mammalian forkhead transcription factors (FoxOs) may offer insight for the clinical translation of nicotinamide into a safe and efficacious therapy through the modulation of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy. Nicotinamide is a highly promising target for the development of innovative strategies for neurodegenerative disorders and metabolic disease, but the benefits of this foundation depend greatly on gaining a further understanding of nicotinamide's complex biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, New York, New York 10022
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15
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Kubo Y, Sugiyama S, Takachu R, Sugiura T, Sawada M, Kobori K, Kobori M. Effects of preoperative low-intensity training with slow movement on early quadriceps weakness after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a retrospective propensity score-matched study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2020; 12:72. [PMID: 33292439 PMCID: PMC7693521 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-020-00223-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe and early quadriceps weakness (QW) after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), which is caused by acute inflammation resulting from surgical trauma and tourniquet-induced ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury, can be especially problematic. We focused on tourniquet-induced IR injury, because it has been shown to be preventable through ischemic and exercise preconditioning. Low-intensity resistance exercise with slow movement and tonic force generation (LST) share some similarities with ischemic and exercise preconditioning. The present study primarily aimed to clarify the efficacy of preoperative LST program as prehabilitation for early QW among patients with TKA using propensity score matching analysis. Methods This single-center retrospective observational study used data from patients with knee osteoarthritis (n = 277) who were scheduled to undergo unilateral TKA between August 2015 and January 2017. Those with missing outcome data due to their inability to perform tests were excluded. The LST group included participants who performed LST and aerobic exercise (LST session) more than seven times for three months prior to surgery. The control group included participants who performed less than eight LST sessions, a general and light exercise or had no exercise for three months prior to surgery. Knee circumference, thigh volume, knee pain during quadriceps strength test (QST) and timed up and go test (TUG), quadriceps strength, and TUG were measured before and 4 days after surgery. Knee swelling, thigh swelling, Δknee pain, QW, and ΔTUG were determined by comparing pre- and postoperative measurements. Results Propensity score matching generated 41 matched pairs who had nearly balanced characteristics. The LST group had a significantly lower knee and thigh swelling, QW, and ΔTUG compared to the control group (all, p < 0.05). No significant differences in Δknee pain during the QST and TUG were observed between both groups (both, p > 0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrated the beneficial effects of preoperative LST program on knee swelling, thigh swelling, QW, and walking disability immediately after TKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kubo
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan.
| | - Shuhei Sugiyama
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
| | - Rie Takachu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugiura
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sawada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
| | - Kaori Kobori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
| | - Makoto Kobori
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobori Orthopedic Clinic, 548-2 Nearaichou, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka, 433-8108, Japan
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Ángeles-Valencia M, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Morales-Martínez M, Tirado-Lule JM, Solano-Urrusquieta A, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-González Á, Morales-González JA. Effect of Silymarin Supplementation on Physical Performance, Muscle and Myocardium Histological Changes, Bodyweight, and Food Consumption in Rats Subjected to Regular Exercise Training. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207724. [PMID: 33086540 PMCID: PMC7590064 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Regular exercise induces physiological and morphological changes in the organisms, but excessive training loads may induce damage and impair recovery or muscle growth. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of Silymarin (SM) consumption on endurance capacity, muscle/cardiac histological changes, bodyweight, and food intake in rats subjected to 60 min of regular exercise training (RET) five days per week. (2) Methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to an eight-week RET treadmill program and were previously administered SM and vitamin C. Bodyweight and food consumption were measured and registered. The maximal endurance capacity (MEC) test was performed at weeks one and eight. After the last training session, the animals were sacrificed, and samples of quadriceps/gastrocnemius and cardiac tissue were obtained and process for histological analyzes. (3) Results: SM consumption improved muscle recovery, inflammation, and damaged tissue, and promoted hypertrophy, vascularization, and muscle fiber shape/appearance. MEC increased after eight weeks of RET in all trained groups; moreover, the SM-treated group was enhanced more than the group with vitamin C. There were no significant changes in bodyweight and in food and nutrient consumption along the study. (5) Conclusion: SM supplementation may enhance physical performance, recovery, and muscle hypertrophy during the eight-week RET program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Marcelo Ángeles-Valencia
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Mauricio Morales-Martínez
- Licenciatura en Nutrición, Universidad Intercontinental, Insurgentes Sur 4303, Santa Úrsula Xitla, Alcaldía Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14420, Mexico;
| | - Judith Margarita Tirado-Lule
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Solano-Urrusquieta
- Hospital Militar de Zona, Secretaría de la Defensa Nacional, Periférico Boulevard Manuel Ávila Camacho s/n, Delegación Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11200, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.Á.-G.)
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México 07700, Mexico;
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n Esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico;
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - José A. Morales-González
- Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (M.Á.-V.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (Á.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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Watson EL, Baker LA, Wilkinson TJ, Gould DW, Graham‐Brown MP, Major RW, Ashford RU, Philp A, Smith AC. Reductions in skeletal muscle mitochondrial mass are not restored following exercise training in patients with chronic kidney disease. FASEB J 2019; 34:1755-1767. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901936rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emma L. Watson
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Luke A. Baker
- Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | | | - Douglas W. Gould
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
- Intensive Care National Audit and Research Centre London UK
| | - Matthew P.M. Graham‐Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
- John Walls Renal Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences Loughborough University Loughborough UK
| | - Rupert W. Major
- Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
- John Walls Renal Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
| | - Robert U. Ashford
- Leicester Orthopaedics University Hospitals of Leicester Leicester UK
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Andrew Philp
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research Darlinghurst NSW Australia
- UNSW Medicine UNSW Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Alice C. Smith
- Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK
- John Walls Renal Unit University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust Leicester UK
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dos Santos GF, Veras ASC, de Freitas MC, McCabe J, Seraphim PM, Teixeira GR. Strength training reduces lipid accumulation in liver of obese Wistar rats. Life Sci 2019; 235:116834. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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19
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Vargas-Mendoza N, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán EO, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Álvarez-González I, García-Melo LF, Anguiano-Robledo L, Fregoso-Aguilar T, Morales-Gonzalez JA. Antioxidant and Adaptative Response Mediated by Nrf2 during Physical Exercise. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8060196. [PMID: 31242588 PMCID: PMC6617290 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8060196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a powerful nuclear transcription factor that coordinates an antioxidant cytoprotector system complex stimulated by the increase in inoxidative stress (OS). In the present manuscript, we conduct a review on the evidence that shows the effect different modalities of physical exercise exert on the antioxidant metabolic response directed by Nrf2. During physical exercise, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increased; therefore, if the endogenous and exogenous antioxidant defenses are unable to control the elevation of ROS, the resulting OS triggers the activation of the transcriptional factor Nrf2 to induce the antioxidant response. On a molecular basis related to physical exercise, hormesis maintenance (exercise preconditioning) and adaptative changes in training are supported by a growing body of evidence, which is important for detailing the health benefits that involve greater resistance to environmental aggressions, better tolerance to constant changes, and increasing the regenerative capacity of the cells in such a way that it may be used as a tool to support the prevention or treatment of diseases. This may have clinical implications for future investigations regarding physical exercise in terms of understanding adaptations in high-performance athletes but also as a therapeutic model in several diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Vargas-Mendoza
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz s/n esquina Miguel Othón de Mendizabal, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, CP 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
| | - Eduardo Osiris Madrigal-Santillán
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Luis Fernando García-Melo
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, “Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos”. Av. WilfridoMassieu. Col., Lindavista, 07738 Ciudad de México, Mexico; (E.M.-B.); (I.A.-G.); (L.F.G.-M.)
| | - Liliana Anguiano-Robledo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología Molecular, Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina-Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 11340 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - Tomás Fregoso-Aguilar
- Departamento de Fisiología, Laboratorio de Hormonas y Conducta, ENCB Campus Zacatenco, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 07700 Ciudad de México, Mexico;
| | - José A. Morales-Gonzalez
- México Laboratorio de Medicina de Conservación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón S/N, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, CP 11340 Alcaldía Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico; (N.V.-M.); (E.O.M.-S.)
- Correspondence: (A.M.-G.); (J.A.M.-G.); Tel.: +52-55-5729-6300 (A.M.-G. & J.A.M.-G.)
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20
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Wilson RJ, Drake JC, Cui D, Ritger ML, Guan Y, Call JA, Zhang M, Leitner LM, Gödecke A, Yan Z. Voluntary running protects against neuromuscular dysfunction following hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion in mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:193-201. [PMID: 30433863 PMCID: PMC6383643 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00358.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) due to temporary restriction of blood flow causes tissue/organ damages under various disease conditions, including stroke, myocardial infarction, trauma, and orthopedic surgery. In the limbs, IR injury to motor nerves and muscle fibers causes reduced mobility and quality of life. Endurance exercise training has been shown to increase tissue resistance to numerous pathological insults. To elucidate the impact of endurance exercise training on IR injury in skeletal muscle, sedentary and exercise-trained mice (5 wk of voluntary running) were subjected to ischemia by unilateral application of a rubber band tourniquet above the femur for 1 h, followed by reperfusion. IR caused significant muscle injury and denervation at neuromuscular junction (NMJ) as early as 3 h after tourniquet release as well as depressed muscle strength and neuromuscular transmission in sedentary mice. Despite similar degrees of muscle atrophy and oxidative stress, exercise-trained mice had significantly reduced muscle injury and denervation at NMJ with improved regeneration and functional recovery following IR. Together, these data suggest that endurance exercise training preserves motor nerve and myofiber structure and function from IR injury and promote functional regeneration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work provides the first evidence that preemptive voluntary wheel running reduces neuromuscular dysfunction following ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. These findings may alter clinical practices in which a tourniquet is used to modulate blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Wilson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Joshua C Drake
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Di Cui
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Matthew L Ritger
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Yuntian Guan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jarrod A Call
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia , Athens, Georgia
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Lucia M Leitner
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Axel Gödecke
- Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, Heinrich Heine University of Düsseldorf , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Zhen Yan
- Department of Medicine, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Pharmacology, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research, Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine , Charlottesville, Virginia
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Cai JG, Luo LM, Tang H, Zhou L. Cytotoxicity of Malondialdehyde and Cytoprotective Effects of Taurine via Oxidative Stress and PGC-1α Signal Pathway in C2C12 Cells. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318040040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Nagy T, Kátai E, Fisi V, Takács TT, Stréda A, Wittmann I, Miseta A. Protein O-GlcNAc Modification Increases in White Blood Cells After a Single Bout of Physical Exercise. Front Immunol 2018; 9:970. [PMID: 29774032 PMCID: PMC5943509 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Protein O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic posttranslational modification influencing the function of many intracellular proteins. Recently it was revealed that O-GlcNAc regulation is modified under various stress states, including ischemia and oxidative stress. Aside from a few contradictory studies based on animal models, the effect of exercise on O-GlcNAc is unexplored. Purpose To evaluate O-GlcNAc levels in white blood cells (WBC) of human volunteers following physical exercise. Methods Young (age 30 ± 5.2), healthy male volunteers (n = 6) were enlisted for the study. Blood parameters including metabolites, ions, “necro”-enzymes, and cell counts were measured before and after a single bout of exercise (2-mile run). From WBC samples, we performed western blots to detect O-GlcNAc modified proteins. The distribution of O-GlcNAc in WBC subpopulations was assessed by flow cytometry. Results Elevation of serum lactic acid (increased from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 6.9 ± 1.7 mM), creatinine (from 77.5 ± 6.3 U/L to 102.2 ± 7.0 μM), and lactate dehydrogenase (from 318.5 ± 26.2 to 380.5 ± 33.2 U/L) confirmed the effect of exercise. WBC count also significantly increased (from 6.6 ± 1.0 to 8.4 ± 1.4 G/L). The level of O-GlcNAc modified proteins in WBCs showed significant elevation after exercise (85 ± 51%, p < 0.05). Flow cytometry revealed that most of this change could be attributed to lymphocytes and monocytes. Conclusion Our results indicate that short-term exercise impacts the O-GlcNAc status of WBCs. O-GlcNAc modification could be a natural process by which physical activity modulates the immune system. Further research could elucidate the role of O-GlcNAc during exercise and validate O-GlcNAc as a biomarker for fitness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.,János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Tibor Takács
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Antal Stréda
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - István Wittmann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology Center, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
The concept of hormesis, as an adaptive response of biological systems to moderate environmental challenges, has raised considerable nano-toxicological interests in view of the rapid pace of production and application of even more innovative nanomaterials and the expected increasing likelihood of environmental and human exposure to low-dose concentrations. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide an update of the current knowledge concerning the biphasic dose-responses induced by nanoparticle exposure. The evidence presented confirmed and extended our previous findings, showing that hormesis is a generalized adaptive response which may be further generalized to nanoscale xenobiotic challenges. Nanoparticle physico-chemical properties emerged as possible features affecting biphasic relationships, although the molecular mechanisms underlining such influences remain to be fully understood, especially in experimental settings resembling long-term and low-dose realistic environmental exposure scenarios. Further investigation is necessary to achieve helpful information for a suitable assessment of nanomaterial risks at the low-dose range for both the ecosystem function and the human health.
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Kuczmarski JM, Hord JM, Lee Y, Guzzoni V, Rodriguez D, Lawler MS, Garcia-Villatoro EL, Holly D, Ryan P, Falcon K, Garcia M, Janini Gomes M, Fluckey JD, Lawler JM. Effect of Eukarion-134 on Akt-mTOR signalling in the rat soleus during 7 days of mechanical unloading. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:545-558. [PMID: 29315934 DOI: 10.1113/ep086649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Translocation of nNOSμ initiates catabolic signalling via FoxO3a and skeletal muscle atrophy during mechanical unloading. Recent evidence suggests that unloading-induced muscle atrophy and FoxO3a activation are redox sensitive. Will a mimetic of superoxide dismutase and catalase (i.e. Eukarion-134) also mitigate suppression of the Akt-mTOR pathway? What is the main finding and its importance? Eukarion-134 rescued Akt-mTOR signalling and sarcolemmal nNOSμ, which were linked to protection against the unloading phenotype, muscle fibre atrophy and partial fibre-type shift from slow to fast twitch. The loss of nNOSμ from the sarcolemma appears crucial to Akt phosphorylation and is redox sensitive, although the mechanisms remain unresolved. ABSTRACT Mechanical unloading stimulates rapid changes in skeletal muscle morphology, characterized by atrophy of muscle fibre cross-sectional area and a partial fibre-type shift from slow to fast twitch. Recent studies revealed that oxidative stress contributes to activation of forkhead box O3a (FoxO3a), proteolytic signalling and unloading-induced muscle atrophy via translocation of the μ-splice variant of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ) and activation of FoxO3a. There is limited understanding of the role of reactive oxygen species in the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway signalling during unloading. We hypothesized that Eukarion-134 (EUK-134), a mimetic of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase, would protect Akt-mTOR signalling in the unloaded rat soleus. Male Fischer 344 rats were separated into the following three study groups: ambulatory control (n = 11); 7 days of hindlimb unloading + saline injections (HU, n = 11); or 7 days of HU + EUK-134; (HU + EUK-134, n = 9). EUK-134 mitigated unloading-induced dephosphorylation of Akt, as well as FoxO3a, in the soleus. Phosphorylation of mTOR in the EUK-treated HU rats was not different from that in control animals. However, EUK-134 did not significantly rescue p70S6K phosphorylation. EUK-134 attenuated translocation of nNOSμ from the membrane to the cytosol, reduced nitration of tyrosine residues and suppressed upregulation of caveolin-3 and dysferlin. EUK-134 ameliorated HU-induced remodelling, atrophy of muscle fibres and the 12% increase in type II myosin heavy chain-positive fibres. Attenuation of the unloaded muscle phenotype was associated with decreased reactive oxygen species, as assessed by ethidium-positive nuclei. We conclude that oxidative stress affects Akt-mTOR signalling in unloaded skeletal muscle. Direct linkage of abrogation of nNOSμ translocation with Akt-mTOR signalling during unloading is the subject of future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Matthew Kuczmarski
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Heart and Vascular Institute, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jeff M Hord
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Yang Lee
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Vinicius Guzzoni
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Physiological Science, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Dinah Rodriguez
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Matthew S Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Erika L Garcia-Villatoro
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Dylan Holly
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Ryan
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Kristian Falcon
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Marcela Garcia
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Mariana Janini Gomes
- Physiopathology Program in Internal Medicine, Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - James D Fluckey
- Muscle Biology Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - John M Lawler
- Redox Biology & Cell Signaling Laboratory, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott K Powers
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Michael C Hogan
- Department of Medicine-0623, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0623, USA
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Borges JP, Nascimento AR, Lopes GO, Medeiros-Lima DJM, Coelho MP, Nascimento PMC, Kopiler DA, Matsuura C, Mediano MFF, Tibirica E. The impact of exercise frequency upon microvascular endothelium function and oxidative stress among patients with coronary artery disease. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2017; 38:840-846. [PMID: 29280281 DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of low and high weekly exercise frequencies on microvascular endothelium function and oxidative stress among patients with coronary artery disease. METHODS Thirty-four male patients completed a 6-month cardiac rehabilitation programme, from which 23 performed exercise with a high frequency (HF) and 11 with a low frequency (LF). Systemic microvascular blood flow, maximal aerobic capacity, blood lipids, oxidative stress and anthropometric data were assessed prior to and after the cardiac rehabilitation programme. Microvascular blood flow was assessed in the skin of the forearm using laser speckle contrast imaging coupled with iontophoresis of acetylcholine. RESULTS Maximal aerobic capacity, biochemical analysis and anthropometric data were similar between groups prior to and after the cardiac rehabilitation programme (P>0·05). However, after 6 months of cardiac rehabilitation performed with HF, there was an increase in the peak response to acetylcholine compared with LF (83·5 ± 58·5 versus 21·8 ± 22·4%; P<0·05). Changes in lipid peroxidation (HF: -5·5 ± 9·4 versus LF: 2·2 ± 12·0 pmol MDA mg-1 ; P = 0·19), catalase activity (HF: 0·07 ± 0·17 versus LF: 0·04 ± 0·08 U mg-1 ; P = 0·74) and nitric oxide levels (HF: 1·8 ± 15·3 versus LF: -3·2 ± 12·3 μM; P = 0·36) were similar between groups after cardiac rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Six months of aerobic exercise training performed with high frequency is preferable to low frequency aiming endothelium microvascular function increases in patients with coronary artery disease. The mechanisms involved in this response are unclear and warrant additional research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P Borges
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Alessandro R Nascimento
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Gabriella O Lopes
- Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro.,National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Daniel J M Medeiros-Lima
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Marina P Coelho
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro
| | | | - Daniel A Kopiler
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Cristiane Matsuura
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychobiology, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
| | - Mauro Felippe F Mediano
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- National Institute of Cardiology, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Investigation, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro
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Maiese K. Erythropoietin and mTOR: A "One-Two Punch" for Aging-Related Disorders Accompanied by Enhanced Life Expectancy. Curr Neurovasc Res 2017; 13:329-340. [PMID: 27488211 DOI: 10.2174/1567202613666160729164900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Life expectancy continues to increase throughout the world, but is accompanied by a rise in the incidence of non-communicable diseases. As a result, the benefits of an increased lifespan can be limited by aging-related disorders that necessitate new directives for the development of effective and safe treatment modalities. With this objective, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein, and its related pathways of mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1), mTOR Complex 2 (mTORC2), proline rich Akt substrate 40 kDa (PRAS40), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK), Wnt signaling, and silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1), have generated significant excitement for furthering novel therapies applicable to multiple systems of the body. Yet, the biological and clinical outcome of these pathways can be complex especially with oversight of cell death mechanisms that involve apoptosis and autophagy. Growth factors, and in particular erythropoietin (EPO), are one avenue under consideration to implement control over cell death pathways since EPO can offer potential treatment for multiple disease entities and is intimately dependent upon mTOR signaling. In experimental and clinical studies, EPO appears to have significant efficacy in treating several disorders including those involving the developing brain. However, in mature populations that are affected by aging-related disorders, the direction for the use of EPO to treat clinical disease is less clear that may be dependent upon a number of factors including the understanding of mTOR signaling. Continued focus upon the regulatory elements that control EPO and mTOR signaling could generate critical insights for targeting a broad range of clinical maladies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Part I of this review discussed the similarities between embryogenesis, mammalian adaptions to hypoxia (primarily driven by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 [HIF-1]), ischemia-reperfusion injury (and its relationship with reactive oxygen species), hibernation, diving animals, cancer, and sepsis, and it focused on the common characteristics that allow cells and organisms to survive in these states. Part II of this review describes techniques by which researchers gain insight into subcellular energetics and identify potential future tools for clinicians. In particular, P nuclear magnetic resonance to measure high-energy phosphates, serum lactate measurements, the use of near-infrared spectroscopy to measure the oxidation state of cytochrome aa3, and the ability of the protoporphyrin IX-triplet state lifetime technique to measure mitochondrial oxygen tension are discussed. In addition, this review discusses novel treatment strategies such as hyperbaric oxygen, preconditioning, exercise training, therapeutic gases, as well as inhibitors of HIF-1, HIF prolyl hydroxylase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Thiele
- From the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
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29
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Oxidative stress describes an imbalance between production and degradation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can damage macromolecules. However, ROS may also serve as signaling molecules activating cellular pathways involved in cell proliferation and adaptation. This review describes alterations in metabolic diseases including obesity, insulin resistance, and/or diabetes mellitus as well as responses to acute and chronic physical exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Chronic upregulation of oxidative stress associates with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2D). While single bouts of exercise can transiently induce oxidative stress, chronic exercise promotes favorable oxidative adaptations with improvements in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose uptake. Although impaired antioxidant defense fails to scavenge ROS in metabolic diseases, chronic exercising can restore this abnormality. The different metabolic effects are likely due to variability of reactive species and discrepancies in temporal (acute vs. chronic) and local (subcellular distribution) patterns of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Pesta
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Munich, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, c/o Auf'm Hennekamp 65, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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30
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Sánchez-Duarte E, Trujillo X, Cortés-Rojo C, Saavedra-Molina A, Camargo G, Hernández L, Huerta M, Montoya-Pérez R. Nicorandil improves post-fatigue tension in slow skeletal muscle fibers by modulating glutathione redox state. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2017; 49:159-170. [DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9692-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Maiese K. Harnessing the Power of SIRT1 and Non-coding RNAs in Vascular Disease. Curr Neurovasc Res 2017; 14:82-88. [PMID: 27897112 PMCID: PMC5383524 DOI: 10.2174/1567202613666161129112822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) contribute to a significant amount of disability and death in the world. Of these disorders, vascular disease is ranked high, falls within the five leading causes of death, and impacts multiple other disease entities such as those of the cardiac system, nervous system, and metabolic disease. Targeting the silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (SIRT1) pathway and the modulation of micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) may hold great promise for the development of novel strategies for the treatment of vascular disease since each of these pathways are highly relevant to cardiac and nervous system disorders as well as to metabolic dysfunction. SIRT1 is vital in determining the course of stem cell development and the survival, metabolism, and life span of differentiated cells that are overseen by both autophagy and apoptosis. SIRT1 interfaces with a number of pathways that involve forkhead transcription factors, mechanistic of rapamycin (mTOR), AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) such that the level of activity of SIRT1 can become a critical determinant for biological and clinical outcomes. The essential fine control of SIRT1 is directly tied to the world of non-coding RNAs that ultimately oversee SIRT1 activity to either extend or end cellular survival. Future studies that can further elucidate the crosstalk between SIRT1 and non-coding RNAs should serve well our ability to harness the power of SIRT1 and non-coding RNAs for the treatment of vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101
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Borges JP, da Silva Verdoorn K. Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: The Beneficial Effects of Exercise. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:155-179. [PMID: 29022263 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) occurs when the myocardium is revascularized after an episode of limited or absent blood supply. Many changes, including free radical production, calcium overload, protease activation, altered membrane lipids and leukocyte activation, contribute to IRI-induced myocardium damage. Aerobic exercise is the only countermeasure against IRI that can be sustained on a regular basis in clinical practice. Interestingly, both short-term (3-5 days) and long-term (several weeks) exercise increase myocardial tolerance, reduce infarct size area and arrhythmias induced by IRI. Exercise protects the heart against IRI in a biphasic manner. The early phase of cardioprotection occurs between 30 min and 3 h following an acute exercise bout, whilst the late phase is achieved within 24 h after the exercise bout and persists for several days. As for the exercise intensity, although controversial data exists, it is feasible that the amount of cardioprotection is proportional to exercise intensity and only achieved above a critical threshold. It is known that aerobic exercise produces a cardioprotective phenotype, however the mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon remain unclear. Apparently, aerobic exercise-induced preconditioning is dependent on several factors that work together to protect the heart. Altered nitric oxide (NO) signaling, increased levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs), enhanced function of ATP-sensitive potassium channels, increased activation of opioids system, and enhanced antioxidant capacity may contribute to exercise-induced cardioprotection. Much has been discovered from animal models involving exercise-induced cardioprotection against cardiac IRI, however translating these findings to clinical practice still represents the major challenge in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Pereira Borges
- Institute of Physical Education and Sports, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Maiese K. The bright side of reactive oxygen species: lifespan extension without cellular demise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:185-187. [PMID: 27200181 PMCID: PMC4869880 DOI: 10.15761/jts.1000138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, DNA damage, protein misfolding, programmed cell death with apoptosis and autophagy, and the promotion of aging –dependent processes. Mitochondria control the processing of redox energy that yields adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through the oxidation of glucose, pyruvate, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Ultimately, the generation of ROS occurs with the aerobic production of ATP. Although reduced levels of ROS may lead to tolerance against metabolic, mechanical, and oxidative stressors and the generation of brief periods of ROS during ischemia-reperfusion models may limit cellular injury, under most circumstances ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction can lead to apoptotic caspase activation and autophagy induction that can result in cellular demise. Yet, new work suggests that ROS generation may have a positive impact through respiratory complex I reverse electron transport that can extend lifespan. Such mechanisms may bring new insight into clinically relevant disorders that are linked to cellular senescence and aging of the body’s system. Further investigation of the potential “bright side” of ROS and mitochondrial respiration is necessary to target specific pathways, such as the mechanistic target of rapamycin, nicotinamidases, sirtuins, mRNA decoupling and protein expression, and Wnt signaling, that can impact oxidative stress-ROS mechanisms to extend lifespan and eliminate disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Maiese
- Cellular and Molecular Signaling, Newark, New Jersey 07101, USA
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