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Witkowski S, White Q, Shreyer S, Brown DE, Sievert LL. The influence of habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior on objective and subjective hot flashes at midlife. Menopause 2024; 31:381-389. [PMID: 38530999 PMCID: PMC11052676 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate relationships between physical activity, sedentary time, and hot flashes during both waking and sleeping periods using concurrent objective and subjective measures of hot flashes in midlife women. METHODS Women aged 45 to 55 years (n = 196) provided self-reported data on physical activity and underwent 24 hours of hot flash monitoring using sternal skin conductance. Participants used event marking and logs to indicate when hot flashes were perceived. Wake and sleep periods were defined by actigraphy. Mean ambient temperature and humidity were recorded during the study period. Generalized linear regression modeling was used to evaluate the effect of physical activity types and sedentary time on hot flash outcomes. Isotemporal substitution modeling was used to study the effect of replacing sedentary time with activity variables on hot flash frequency. RESULTS Modeled results indicated that increasing sitting by 1 hour was associated with a 7% increase in the rate of objectively measured but not subjectively reported hot flashes during sleep. Replacing 1 hour of sitting with 1 hour of vigorous activity was associated with a 100% increase in subjectively reported but not objectively measured waking hot flashes. There was little evidence for an effect of temperature or humidity on any hot flash outcome. CONCLUSIONS These data provide support for relations between sedentary time, physical activity, and hot flashes and highlight the importance of using objective and subjective assessments to better understand the 24-hour hot flash experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Witkowski
- From the Department of Exercise and Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Quinn White
- From the Department of Exercise and Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Sofiya Shreyer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Daniel E Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI
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Oizumi R, Sugimoto Y, Aibara H. The Potential of Exercise on Lifestyle and Skin Function: Narrative Review. JMIR DERMATOLOGY 2024; 7:e51962. [PMID: 38483460 PMCID: PMC10979338 DOI: 10.2196/51962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skin is an important organ of the human body and has moisturizing and barrier functions. Factors such as sunlight and lifestyle significantly affect these skin functions, with sunlight being extremely damaging. The effects of lifestyle habits such as smoking, diet, and sleep have been studied extensively. It has been found that smoking increases the risk of wrinkles, while excessive fat and sugar intake leads to skin aging. Lack of sleep and stress are also dangerous for the skin's barrier function. In recent years, the impact of exercise habits on skin function has been a focus of study. Regular exercise is associated with increased blood flow to the skin, elevated skin temperature, and improved skin moisture. Furthermore, it has been shown to improve skin structure and rejuvenate its appearance, possibly through promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis and affecting hormone secretion. Further research is needed to understand the effects of different amounts and content of exercise on the skin. OBJECTIVE This study aims to briefly summarize the relationship between lifestyle and skin function and the mechanisms that have been elucidated so far and introduce the expected effects of exercise on skin function. METHODS We conducted a review of the literature using PubMed and Google Scholar repositories for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2022 with the following keywords: exercise, skin, and life habits. RESULTS Exercise augments the total spectrum power density of cutaneous blood perfusion by a factor of approximately 8, and vasodilation demonstrates an enhancement of approximately 1.5-fold. Regular exercise can also mitigate age-related skin changes by promoting mitochondrial biosynthesis. However, not all exercise impacts are positive; for instance, swimming in chlorinated pools may harm the skin barrier function. Hence, the exercise environment should be considered for its potential effects on the skin. CONCLUSIONS This review demonstrates that exercise can potentially enhance skin function retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Oizumi
- Faculty of Nursing, Shijonawate gakuen University, Daito-shi, Japan
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Witkowski S, Evard R, Rickson JJ, White Q, Sievert LL. Physical activity and exercise for hot flashes: trigger or treatment? Menopause 2023; 30:218-224. [PMID: 36696647 PMCID: PMC9886316 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE AND OBJECTIVE Hot flashes (HFs) are a prevalent feature of menopause. Hot flashes can be bothersome and affect quality of life. However, HFs have also been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, providing current evidence on the effect of therapies to reduce HFs can help patients and providers with decision making. This review provides details on the scientific evidence to date related to the effect of physical activity (PA) and exercise to alter the HF experience in women. METHODS The PubMed database was searched between June 2020 and June 2022 for currently available evidence regarding the relation between PA and exercise and HFs. Our analysis included randomized control trials on exercise training, epidemiological studies, and studies evaluating acute exercise on the self-reported and objectively measured HF experience in addition to systematic reviews on the topic published as of June 2022. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The majority of evidence from randomized control trials indicates that aerobic and resistance exercise training lead to a decrease in subjectively experienced HFs. The limited available studies on acute exercise indicate that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise may decrease objectively measured and self-reported HFs but acute increases in PA intensity above accustomed levels may influence subjective HF experience. Some evidence suggests that for those with depression, habitual PA may be an effective way to reduce HF symptoms. Weighing the available evidence, for people who experience HFs, engaging in regular moderate-intensity PA, including aerobic and resistance exercise, may be an effective therapy to reduce HFs and women should be counseled on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain about the optimal exercise prescription, effectiveness for a diverse population, meaning of differences between objective and subjective experience, and mechanisms that lead to changes in HFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Witkowski
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | - Rose Evard
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
| | | | - Quinn White
- Department of Exercise & Sport Studies, Smith College, Northampton, MA
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Effects of Physical Exercise Training on Cerebral Blood Flow Measurements: A Systematic Review of Human Intervention Studies. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2023; 33:47-59. [PMID: 36170974 DOI: 10.1123/ijsnem.2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to examine the effects of physical exercise training on cerebral blood flow (CBF), which is a physiological marker of cerebrovascular function. Relationships between training-induced effects on CBF with changes in cognitive performance were also discussed. A systematic search was performed up to July 2022. Forty-five intervention studies with experimental, quasi-experimental, or pre-post designs were included. Sixteen studies (median duration: 14 weeks) investigated effects of physical exercise training on CBF markers using magnetic resonance imaging, 20 studies (median duration: 14 weeks) used transcranial Doppler ultrasound, and eight studies (median duration: 8 weeks) used near-infrared spectroscopy. Studies using magnetic resonance imaging observed consistent increases in CBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus, but not in whole-brain CBF. Effects on resting CBF-measured with transcranial Doppler ultrasound and near-infrared spectroscopy-were variable, while middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity increased in some studies following exercise or hypercapnic stimuli. Interestingly, concomitant changes in physical fitness and regional CBF were observed, while a relation between training-induced effects on CBF and cognitive performance was evident. In conclusion, exercise training improved cerebrovascular function because regional CBF was changed. Studies are however still needed to establish whether exercise-induced improvements in CBF are sustained over longer periods of time and underlie the observed beneficial effects on cognitive performance.
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Exercise training and vascular function in postmenopausal individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Menopause 2022; 29:982-992. [PMID: 35881939 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for menopausal individuals. Flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a surrogate marker of CVD, improves with aerobic exercise training in healthy and nonhealthy cohorts. However, systematic evaluation and precise estimate of this effect for menopausal individuals are unknown. OBJECTIVE We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to evaluate the influence of exercise training on FMD in postmenopausal individuals. EVIDENCE REVIEW Studies were identified from systematic search of major electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library) from inception to February 2021. Healthy, postmenopausal individuals were included, following an aerobic exercise intervention assessing FMD. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate a pooled effect size (mean difference [MD]) with 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2 statistics. Metaregression was used to assess the association between changes in FMD and physical characteristics (eg, blood pressure, age, baseline FMD) and intervention details (metabolic equivalents and change in maximal oxygen uptake [∆V˙ o2max ]). For variables that significantly correlated, a multiple metaregression model was used to assess the accounted variance in between-study ∆FMD%. Study quality was assessed using the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute assessment tool. FINDINGS Nine studies, including 11 interventions (6 controlled interventions and 5 pre-post interventions; N = 182), with age range of 52 ± 4 to 64 ± 7 years underwent quantitative pooling of data. Exercise training significantly improved ∆FMD% (MD, 0.99; 95% confidence interval, 0.46-1.52; P < 0.001). Between-study heterogeneity was large and statistically significant ( I2 = 93.8%, P < 0.001). Post hoc analysis based on study design identified significant heterogeneity in the MD in ∆FMD% between controlled and pre-post study interventions ( P < 0.05). According to multiple metaregression, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and ∆V˙ o2max significantly predicted ∆FMD% ( Q = 15.74, df = 3, P < 0.01, R2 = 0.72). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Aerobic exercise training improves FMD for postmenopausal individuals, and this observation was greater among controlled versus pre-post interventions. A higher resting blood pressure and the greatest ∆V˙ o2max yielded the largest improvements in FMD.
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Liu T, Chen S, Mielke GI, McCarthy AL, Bailey TG. Effects of exercise on vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Climacteric 2022; 25:552-561. [PMID: 35904028 DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2022.2097865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and severity of menopausal vasomotor symptoms negatively impact quality of life. This systematic review evaluates the potential of exercise to relieve the subjective frequency and severity of vasomotor symptoms. We searched four databases to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of structured exercise (e.g. aerobic training) on the severity and/or frequency of vasomotor symptoms in menopausal women. Two reviewers independently screened records for eligibility, extracted data and assessed risks of bias and evidence certainty using the Cochrane tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). When suitable, data were pooled using random-effect meta-analyses. We appraised 21 RCTs involving 2884 participants. Compared to no-treatment control, exercise significantly improved severity of vasomotor symptoms (10 studies, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.04 to 0.47, p = 0.02, very low certainty of evidence); the effect size was attenuated when studies with a high risk of bias were excluded (SMD = 0.11, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.26, p = 0.13). No significant changes in vasomotor frequency were found between exercise and control (SMD = 0.14, 95% CI: -0.03 to 0.31, p = 0.12, high certainty of evidence). In conclusion, exercise might improve vasomotor symptom severity. Future rigorous RCTs addressing the limitations of current review are warranted to explore the optimal exercise prescription principles to target the severity of vasomotor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Liu
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - S Chen
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - G I Mielke
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - A L McCarthy
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - T G Bailey
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Physiology and Ultrasound Laboratory in Science and Exercise, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Mawhinney C, Heinonen I, Low DA, Han C, Jones H, Kalliokoski KK, Kirjavainen A, Kemppainen J, DI Salvo V, Lolli L, Cable NT, Gregson W. Cool-Water Immersion Reduces Postexercise Quadriceps Femoris Muscle Perfusion More Than Cold-Water Immersion. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2022; 54:1085-1094. [PMID: 35220370 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The muscle perfusion response to postexercise cold-water immersion (CWI) is not well understood. We examined the effects of graded postexercise CWI upon global and regional quadriceps femoris muscle perfusion using positron emission tomography and [15O]H2O. METHODS Using a matched-group design, 30 healthy men performed cycle ergometer exercise at 70% V̇O2peak to a core body temperature of 38°C, followed by either 10 min of CWI at 8°C, 22°C, or seated rest (control). Quadriceps muscle perfusion; thigh and calf cutaneous vascular conductance; intestinal, muscle, and local skin temperatures; thermal comfort; mean arterial pressure; and heart rate were assessed at preexercise, postexercise, and after CWI. RESULTS Global quadriceps perfusion was reduced beyond the predefined minimal clinically relevant threshold (0.75 mL per 100 g·min-1) in 22°C water versus control (difference (95% confidence interval (CI)), -2.5 (-3.9 to -1.1) mL per 100 g·min-1). Clinically relevant decreases in muscle perfusion were observed in the rectus femoris (-2.0 (-3.0 to -1.0) mL per 100 g·min-1) and vastus lateralis (-3.5 (-4.9 to -2.0) mL per 100 g·min-1) in 8°C water, and in the vastus lateralis (-3.3 (-4.8 to -1.9) mL per 100 g·min-1) in 22°C water versus control. The mean effects for vastus intermedius and vastus medialis perfusion were not clinically relevant. Clinically relevant decreases in thigh and calf cutaneous vascular conductance were observed in both cooling conditions. CONCLUSIONS The present findings revealed that less noxious CWI (22°C) promoted clinically relevant postexercise decreases in global quadriceps muscle perfusion, whereas noxious cooling (8°C) elicited no effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David A Low
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Chunlei Han
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UNITED KINGDOM
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Anna Kirjavainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | - Jukka Kemppainen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, FINLAND
| | | | | | - N Tim Cable
- Institute of Sport, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UNITED KINGDOM
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Farzane A, Koushkie Jahromi M. The effect of pilates training on hormonal and psychophysical function in older women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2022; 62:110-121. [PMID: 33555671 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.21.12089-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DHEA-S and cortisol and their ratio are important determinants of some physiological and psychological function during aging. The present study aimed to determine the effect of eight weeks of pilates training on diurnal salivary cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), and cortisol to DHEA-S ratio, cardiorespiratory fitness (CF), and psychological function in older women. METHODS Twenty-seven healthy older women (aged 60-65 years) participated in the study voluntarily and were divided into two groups of pilates training (N.=15) and control (N.=12), randomly. Before and after the experiment, salivary samples (at wake up and 30-min postawakening, midday, 5 p.m., and 9 p.m.) were taken and the participants completed the questionnaires. Cognitive function was assessed by the MMSE questionnaire. Pilates training was performed three times weekly, in non-consecutive days. RESULTS Pilates training increased V̇O2<inf>max</inf> (48%, P<0.001) and cognitive function (73%, P<0.001) and decreased BMI (16%, P=0.042), anxiety (53%, P<0.001) and depression (67%, P<0.001) compared to the control group. Also, in pilates training group, mean cortisol (16%, P=0.039), CAR (24%, P=0.010), fall after peak of cortisol (15%, P=0.50), morning DHEA-S (43%, P<0.001) and mean DHEA-S (34%, P=0.002) increased compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that pilates training could improve mental and physical function which was accompanied by changes of diurnal cortisol and DHEA as one of the possible effective factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arezu Farzane
- School of Education and Psychology, Department of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- School of Education and Psychology, Department of Sport Sciences, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran -
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9
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Binkley HM, Phillips KL, Wise SL. Menopausal Women: Recognition, Exercise Benefits, Considerations, and Programming Needs. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Physical activity and menopausal symptoms in women who have received menopause-inducing cancer treatments: results from the Women's Wellness After Cancer Program. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 28:142-149. [PMID: 33235033 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial tested a digitally-delivered whole-of-lifestyle program for women previously treated for cancer. We investigated (1) associations between self-reported physical activity (PA) and menopausal symptoms and (2) if the intervention was associated with beneficial changes in PA and menopausal symptoms. METHODS Women were randomized to intervention (n = 142) or control (n = 138). The intervention targeted lifestyle behavior including PA. Self-reported PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Short Form) and menopausal symptom (Green Climacteric Scale, GCS) data were collected at baseline, with measures repeated at 12 weeks (end of intervention) and 24 weeks (to assess sustainability). Generalized estimating equation models explored associations between PA and GCS scores. Mixed-effects generalized equation models analyzed changes within and between groups in PA and GCS scores. RESULTS Total GCS scores were 1.83 (95% CI: 0.11-3.55) and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.12-4.33) points lower in women with medium and high levels of PA, respectively, than in women with low levels of PA. Total average GCS scores were 1.02 (0.21-2.26) and 1.61 (0.34-2.87) points lower in those undertaking moderate or vigorous intensity PA, respectively. Time spent walking, and performing moderate and vigorous PA were not different between intervention and control. The average GCS decrease of 0.66 points (95% CI: 0.03-1.29; p time = 0.03) over 24 weeks was not different between groups. CONCLUSION This exploratory study established a stepwise association between moderate and vigorous PA and a lower total menopausal symptom score. The intervention did not appear to increase self-reported PA in women treated for early stage breast, reproductive, and blood cancers.
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Thomas A, Daley AJ. Women's views about physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms: a qualitative study. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2020; 20:203. [PMID: 32928185 PMCID: PMC7488995 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-020-01063-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Women commonly seek medical advice about menopausal symptoms. Although menopausal hormone therapy is the most effective treatment, many women prefer non-pharmacological treatments, such as physical activity. The effectiveness of physical activity has been inconclusive when assessed by randomised controlled trials, and it remains unclear how women feel about it as a possible treatment approach. The aim of the study was to explore symptomatic menopausal women’s views and experiences of physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. Methods An in-depth qualitative study was embedded within a randomised controlled trial that assessed the effectiveness of physical activity as a treatment for vasomotor menopausal symptoms in previously inactive vasomotor symptomatic women. Participants were randomised to one of two physical activity interventions or a usual care group. Both physical activity interventions involved two one-to-one consultations, plus either supporting materials or access to physical activity support groups, over 6 months. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 purposively selected participants from all three trial groups after they had completed trial follow-up. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed by constant comparison. Results All participants talked positively about physical activity as a treatment for their menopausal symptoms, with most reporting participation had improved their hot flushes and night sweats. They reported that they had experienced improved sleep, physical health and psychological well-being. Those who received the physical activity plus social-support intervention reported their ability to cope with their menopausal symptoms had improved. Many participants commented that they would prefer doctors to discuss physical activity as a possible treatment for their hot flushes and night sweats, before offering medication. Conclusions Based on the views and experiences of the women who participated in this study, healthcare professionals should continue discussing physical activity as a potential first treatment option with menopausal women. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should ensure they prepare, support, and encourage these women both physically and emotionally. Trial registration ISRCTN ISRCTN06495625 Registered 10/11/2010
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Affiliation(s)
- Adèle Thomas
- Office of HDR Training and Partnerships, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda J Daley
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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Moradpour F, Koushkie Jahromi M, Fooladchang M, Rezaei R, Sayar Khorasani MR. Association between physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and body composition with menopausal symptoms in early postmenopausal women. Menopause 2020; 27:230-237. [PMID: 31999652 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between daily physical activity (daily activities, exercise, and sitting time), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition (body mass index [BMI], waist to hip ratio [WHR)] with menopausal symptoms and to determine the strongest predictor(s) of menopausal symptoms. METHODS The Menopause Rating Scale questionnaire was used to examine somatic, psychological, urogenital, and total symptoms of menopause. The energy expenditure of daily physical activity, exercise, and sitting time was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and CRF was measured by estimating the maximal oxygen intake (VO2max) through the Rockport test. Statistical methods of the Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical multiple linear regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS Fifty-six women, aged 50 to 65 years, voluntarily participated in the study. Exercise energy expenditure was inversely correlated with total (r = -0.403, P = 0.002), somatic (r = -0.293, P = 0.023), and urogenital (r = -0.343, P = 0.009) symptoms of menopause. VO2max was inversely correlated with urogenital symptoms of menopause (r = -0.414, P = 0.002). WHR was positively correlated with somatic symptoms of menopause (r = 0.286, P = 0.032); sitting was correlated with total (r = 0.40, P = 0.002), somatic (r = 0.325, P = 0.015), and psychological (r = 0.274, P = 0.015) symptoms of menopause. Among the study variables, sitting (β=0.365, P = 0.004) and VO2max (β=-0.286, P = 0.030) were the most important predictors of total symptoms of menopause; sitting was the predictor of somatic symptoms (β=0.265, P = 0.045), and VO2max was the predictor of urogenital symptoms of menopause (β=-0.332, P = 0.014). The inclusion of age, BMI, WHR, and duration of menopause as confounding variables in regression analysis did not change the findings related to the predictions of menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSION Reducing sitting time, improving VO2max, decreasing WHR, and exercise can be recommended by priority to alleviate menopausal symptoms. Considering the small number of participants in this investigation, future studies are, however, recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Moradpour
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Fooladchang
- Department of Educational Psychology, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rasoul Rezaei
- Department of Sport Sciences, School of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
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Cerebral and peripheral vascular differences between pre- and postmenopausal women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:170-182. [DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Jones H, Bailey TG, Barr DA, France M, Lucas RAI, Crandall CG, Low DA. Is core temperature the trigger of a menopausal hot flush? Menopause 2019; 26:1016-1023. [PMID: 31453964 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Menopausal hot flushes negatively impact quality of life and may be a biomarker of cardiovascular and metabolic disease risk; therefore understanding the physiology of hot flushes is important. Current thinking is that a small elevation (∼0.03-0.05C) in core temperature surpasses a sweating threshold (that is reduced in the menopause), sweating is activated, and a hot flush ensues. Nevertheless, more recent studies examining thermoregulatory control question whether core temperature per se can explain the trigger for a hot flush. The primary aim of this study was to assess the contribution of increases in core temperature on the occurrence of menopausal hot flushes. METHODS For this purpose, 108 hot flushes were objectively assessed in a laboratory setting in 72 symptomatic postmenopausal women (aged 45.8 ± 5.1 years; body mass index 25.9 ± 4.5 kg/m) from five previously reported studies. Women rested, wearing a tube-lined suit (or trousers), which was perfused with 34C water. A subset then underwent mild heat stress (48°C water). Sweat rate, skin blood flow, blood pressure, heart rate, skin, and core temperature were measured continuously throughout. A hot flush was objectively identified during rest (spontaneous hot flush) or mild heating as an abrupt increase in sternal sweat rate. Further, a subset of symptomatic postmenopausal women (n = 22) underwent whole-body passive heating for 60 minutes to identify core temperature thresholds and sensitivities for sweat rate and cutaneous vasodilation, which were compared to a subset of premenopausal women (n = 18). Data were analyzed using t tests and/or general linear modeling, and are presented as mean (95% confidence interval). RESULTS In the 20 minutes before a spontaneous hot flush, core temperature increased by 0.03 ± 0.12C (P < 0.05), but only 51% of hot flushes were preceded by an increase in core temperature. During mild heating, 76% of hot flushes were preceded by an increase in core temperature. The temperature thresholds for sweating were similar, but the vasodilatory threshold was higher in postmenopausal compared with premenopausal women (37.1 ± 0.2 vs 36.8 ± 0.3°C; P = 0.06). CONCLUSION We provide new evidence that menopausal hot flushes are unlikely triggered by an increase in core temperature. These findings provide important information about the physiology of hot flushes that have implications for treatment and management options for menopausal hot flushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Jones
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Tom G Bailey
- Centre for Research on Exercise, Physical Activity and Health, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - David A Barr
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Madeleine France
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
| | - Rebekah A I Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitative Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Craig G Crandall
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern and Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas, TX
| | - David A Low
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England
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15
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Biglia N, Bounous VE, De Seta F, Lello S, Nappi RE, Paoletti AM. Non-hormonal strategies for managing menopausal symptoms in cancer survivors: an update. Ecancermedicalscience 2019; 13:909. [PMID: 31123492 PMCID: PMC6445536 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2019.909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vasomotor symptoms, particularly hot flushes (HFs), are the most frequently reported symptom by menopausal women. In particular, for young women diagnosed with breast cancer, who experience premature ovarian failure due to cancer treatments, severe HFs are an unsolved problem that strongly impacts on quality of life. The optimal management of HFs requires a personalised approach to identify the treatment with the best benefit/risk profile for each woman. Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is effective in managing HFs but it is contraindicated in women with previous hormone-dependent cancer. Moreover, many healthy women are reluctant to take HRT and prefer to manage symptoms with non-hormonal strategies. In this narrative review, we provide an update on the current available non-oestrogenic strategies for HFs management for women who cannot, or do not wish to, take oestrogens. Since isoflavones have oestrogenic properties and it is not known if they can be safely consumed by women with previous hormone-dependent cancer, they were excluded. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors/selective serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, as well as other neuroactive agents, some herbal remedies and behavioural strategies are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Biglia
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Torino, Italy
| | - Valentina E Bounous
- Division of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Torino, Largo Turati 62, 10128 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco De Seta
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health-IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', University of Trieste, via dell'Istria 65/1, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Lello
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Policlinico Gemelli Foundation, Largo Gemelli 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella E Nappi
- Research Center for Reproductive Medicine, Gynecological Endocrinology and Menopause, IRCCS S Matteo Foundation, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Paoletti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, University Hospital of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4,500, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
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16
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Aparicio VA, Borges-Cosic M, Ruiz-Cabello P, Coll-Risco I, Acosta-Manzano P, Špacírová Z, Soriano-Maldonado A. Association of objectively measured physical activity and physical fitness with menopause symptoms. The Flamenco Project. Climacteric 2017; 20:456-461. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1329289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. A. Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Public and Occupational Health., VU University and EMGO + Institute for Health and Care Research., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. Borges-Cosic
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P. Ruiz-Cabello
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - I. Coll-Risco
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport Sciences, and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - P. Acosta-Manzano
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Z. Špacírová
- Department of Applied Economics, Faculty of Economics, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - A. Soriano-Maldonado
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- SPORT Research Group (CTS-1024), Department of Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
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17
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In Reply. Menopause 2016; 24:118-120. [PMID: 28002349 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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