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Rangel Guerrero DK, Balueva K, Barayeu U, Baracskay P, Gridchyn I, Nardin M, Roth CN, Wulff P, Csicsvari J. Hippocampal cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons regulate temporal coding and contextual learning. Neuron 2024; 112:2045-2061.e10. [PMID: 38636524 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Cholecystokinin-expressing interneurons (CCKIs) are hypothesized to shape pyramidal cell-firing patterns and regulate network oscillations and related network state transitions. To directly probe their role in the CA1 region, we silenced their activity using optogenetic and chemogenetic tools in mice. Opto-tagged CCKIs revealed a heterogeneous population, and their optogenetic silencing triggered wide disinhibitory network changes affecting both pyramidal cells and other interneurons. CCKI silencing enhanced pyramidal cell burst firing and altered the temporal coding of place cells: theta phase precession was disrupted, whereas sequence reactivation was enhanced. Chemogenetic CCKI silencing did not alter the acquisition of spatial reference memories on the Morris water maze but enhanced the recall of contextual fear memories and enabled selective recall when similar environments were tested. This work suggests the key involvement of CCKIs in the control of place-cell temporal coding and the formation of contextual memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dámaris K Rangel Guerrero
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
| | - Kira Balueva
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Uladzislau Barayeu
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peter Baracskay
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Igor Gridchyn
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Michele Nardin
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Chiara Nina Roth
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - Peer Wulff
- Institute of Physiology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Jozsef Csicsvari
- Information and Systems Sciences, Institute of Science and Technology Austria, 3400 Klosterneuburg, Austria.
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2
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Hadler MD, Tzilivaki A, Schmitz D, Alle H, Geiger JRP. Gamma oscillation plasticity is mediated via parvalbumin interneurons. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj7427. [PMID: 38295164 PMCID: PMC10830109 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj7427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the plasticity of neuronal networks is an emerging field of (patho-) physiological research, yet the underlying cellular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Gamma oscillations (30 to 80 hertz), a biomarker of cognitive performance, require and potentiate glutamatergic transmission onto parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PVIs), suggesting an interface for cell-to-network plasticity. In ex vivo local field potential recordings, we demonstrate long-term potentiation of hippocampal gamma power. Gamma potentiation obeys established rules of PVI plasticity, requiring calcium-permeable AMPA receptors (CP-AMPARs) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). A microcircuit computational model of CA3 gamma oscillations predicts CP-AMPAR plasticity onto PVIs critically outperforms pyramidal cell plasticity in increasing gamma power and completely accounts for gamma potentiation. We reaffirm this ex vivo in three PVI-targeting animal models, demonstrating that gamma potentiation requires PVI-specific signaling via a Gq/PKC pathway comprising mGluR5 and a Gi-sensitive, PKA-dependent pathway. Gamma activity-dependent, metabotropically mediated CP-AMPAR plasticity on PVIs may serve as a guiding principle in understanding network plasticity in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Hadler
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alexandra Tzilivaki
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dietmar Schmitz
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Neurocure Cluster of Excellence, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Alle
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R. P. Geiger
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Schieferstein N, Schwalger T, Lindner B, Kempter R. Intra-ripple frequency accommodation in an inhibitory network model for hippocampal ripple oscillations. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011886. [PMID: 38377147 PMCID: PMC10923461 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal ripple oscillations have been implicated in important cognitive functions such as memory consolidation and planning. Multiple computational models have been proposed to explain the emergence of ripple oscillations, relying either on excitation or inhibition as the main pacemaker. Nevertheless, the generating mechanism of ripples remains unclear. An interesting dynamical feature of experimentally measured ripples, which may advance model selection, is intra-ripple frequency accommodation (IFA): a decay of the instantaneous ripple frequency over the course of a ripple event. So far, only a feedback-based inhibition-first model, which relies on delayed inhibitory synaptic coupling, has been shown to reproduce IFA. Here we use an analytical mean-field approach and numerical simulations of a leaky integrate-and-fire spiking network to explain the mechanism of IFA. We develop a drift-based approximation for the oscillation dynamics of the population rate and the mean membrane potential of interneurons under strong excitatory drive and strong inhibitory coupling. For IFA, the speed at which the excitatory drive changes is critical. We demonstrate that IFA arises due to a speed-dependent hysteresis effect in the dynamics of the mean membrane potential, when the interneurons receive transient, sharp wave-associated excitation. We thus predict that the IFA asymmetry vanishes in the limit of slowly changing drive, but is otherwise a robust feature of the feedback-based inhibition-first ripple model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Schieferstein
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tilo Schwalger
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Mathematics, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lindner
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Richard Kempter
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience, Berlin, Germany
- Einstein Center for Neurosciences, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Zhao M, Gu H, Pan W, Liu P, Zhu T, Shang H, Jia M, Yang J. SynCAM1 deficiency in the hippocampal parvalbumin interneurons contributes to sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in neonatal rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14554. [PMID: 38105652 PMCID: PMC10805405 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Sevoflurane is widely used for general anesthesia in children. Previous studies reported that multiple neonatal exposures to sevoflurane can induce long-term cognitive impairment in adolescent rats, but the underlying mechanisms were not defined. METHODS Postnatal day 6 (P6) to P8 rat pups were exposed to 30% oxygen with or without 3% sevoflurane balanced with air. The Y maze test (YMT) and Morris water maze (MWM) tests were performed in some cohorts from age P35 to assess cognitive functions, and their brain samples were harvested at age P14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 for measurements of various molecular entities and in vivo electrophysiology experiments at age P35. RESULTS Sevoflurane exposure resulted in cognitive impairment that was associated with decreased synCAM1 expression in parvalbumin (PV) interneurons, a reduction of PV phenotype, disturbed gamma oscillations, and dendritic spine loss in the hippocampal CA3 region. Enriched environment (EE) increased synCAM1 expression in the PV interneurons and attenuated sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment. The synCAM1 overexpression by the adeno-associated virus vector in the hippocampal CA3 region restored sevoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, PV phenotype loss, gamma oscillations decrease, and dendritic spine loss. CONCLUSION Our data suggested that neonatal sevoflurane exposure results in cognitive impairment through decreased synCAM1 expression in PV interneurons in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐ming Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Han‐wen Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wei‐tong Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Pan‐miao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Ting‐ting Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Hui‐jie Shang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Min Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Jian‐jun Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pain and Perioperative MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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5
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Nagy-Pál P, Veres JM, Fekete Z, Karlócai MR, Weisz F, Barabás B, Reéb Z, Hájos N. Structural Organization of Perisomatic Inhibition in the Mouse Medial Prefrontal Cortex. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6972-6987. [PMID: 37640552 PMCID: PMC10586541 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0432-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Perisomatic inhibition profoundly controls neural function. However, the structural organization of inhibitory circuits giving rise to the perisomatic inhibition in the higher-order cortices is not completely known. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of those GABAergic cells in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) that provide inputs onto the somata and proximal dendrites of pyramidal neurons. Our results show that most GABAergic axonal varicosities contacting the perisomatic region of superficial (layer 2/3) and deep (layer 5) pyramidal cells express parvalbumin (PV) or cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1). Further, we found that the ratio of PV/CB1 GABAergic inputs is larger on the somatic membrane surface of pyramidal tract neurons in comparison with those projecting to the contralateral hemisphere. Our morphologic analysis of in vitro labeled PV+ basket cells (PVBC) and CCK/CB1+ basket cells (CCKBC) revealed differences in many features. PVBC dendrites and axons arborized preferentially within the layer where their soma was located. In contrast, the axons of CCKBCs expanded throughout layers, although their dendrites were found preferentially either in superficial or deep layers. Finally, using anterograde trans-synaptic tracing we observed that PVBCs are preferentially innervated by thalamic and basal amygdala afferents in layers 5a and 5b, respectively. Thus, our results suggest that PVBCs can control the local circuit operation in a layer-specific manner via their characteristic arborization, whereas CCKBCs rather provide cross-layer inhibition in the mPFC.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Inhibitory cells in cortical circuits are crucial for the precise control of local network activity. Nevertheless, in higher-order cortical areas that are involved in cognitive functions like decision-making, working memory, and cognitive flexibility, the structural organization of inhibitory cell circuits is not completely understood. In this study we show that perisomatic inhibitory control of excitatory cells in the medial prefrontal cortex is performed by two types of basket cells endowed with different morphologic properties that provide inhibitory inputs with distinct layer specificity on cells projecting to disparate areas. Revealing this difference in innervation strategy of the two basket cell types is a key step toward understanding how they fulfill their distinct roles in cortical network operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Nagy-Pál
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit M Veres
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Fekete
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária R Karlócai
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Filippo Weisz
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Barabás
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- János Szentágothai School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsófia Reéb
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hájos
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Linda and Jack Gill Center for Molecular Bioscience, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana 47405
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6
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Nemati SS, Sadeghi L, Dehghan G, Sheibani N. Lateralization of the hippocampus: A review of molecular, functional, and physiological properties in health and disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 454:114657. [PMID: 37683813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus is a part of the brain's medial temporal lobe that is located under the cortex. It belongs to the limbic system and helps to collect and transfer information from short-term to long-term memory, as well as spatial orientation in each mammalian brain hemisphere. After more than two centuries of research in brain asymmetry, the hippocampus has attracted much attention in the study of brain lateralization. The hippocampus is very important in cognitive disorders, related to seizures and dementia, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. In addition, the motivation to study the hippocampus has increased significantly due to the asymmetry in the activity of the left and right hippocampi in healthy people, and its disruption during some neurological diseases. After a general review of the hippocampal structure and its importance in related diseases, the asymmetry in the brain with a focus on the hippocampus during the growth and maturation of healthy people, as well as the differences created in patients at the molecular, functional, and physiological levels are discussed. Most previous work indicates that the hippocampus is lateralized in healthy people. Also, lateralization at different levels remarkably changes in patients, and it appears that the most complex cognitive disorder is caused by a new dominant asymmetric system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Saman Nemati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Sadeghi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Dehghan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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7
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Zhang XH, Anderson KM, Dong HM, Chopra S, Dhamala E, Emani PS, Margulies D, Holmes AJ. The Cellular Underpinnings of the Human Cortical Connectome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.05.547828. [PMID: 37461642 PMCID: PMC10349999 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.05.547828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
The functional properties of the human brain arise, in part, from the vast assortment of cell types that pattern the cortex. The cortical sheet can be broadly divided into distinct networks, which are further embedded into processing streams, or gradients, that extend from unimodal systems through higher-order association territories. Here, using transcriptional data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas, we demonstrate that imputed cell type distributions are spatially coupled to the functional organization of cortex, as estimated through fMRI. Cortical cellular profiles follow the macro-scale organization of the functional gradients as well as the associated large-scale networks. Distinct cellular fingerprints were evident across networks, and a classifier trained on post-mortem cell-type distributions was able to predict the functional network allegiance of cortical tissue samples. These data indicate that the in vivo organization of the cortical sheet is reflected in the spatial variability of its cellular composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Han Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Hao-Ming Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sidhant Chopra
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elvisha Dhamala
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Prashant S. Emani
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Daniel Margulies
- CNRS, Integrative Neuroscience and Cognition Center (UMR 8002), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Avram J. Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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8
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Vancura B, Geiller T, Grosmark A, Zhao V, Losonczy A. Inhibitory control of sharp-wave ripple duration during learning in hippocampal recurrent networks. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:788-797. [PMID: 37081295 PMCID: PMC10209669 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Recurrent excitatory connections in hippocampal regions CA3 and CA2 are thought to play a key role in the generation of sharp-wave ripples (SWRs), electrophysiological oscillations tightly linked with learning and memory consolidation. However, it remains unknown how defined populations of inhibitory interneurons regulate these events during behavior. Here, we use large-scale, three-dimensional calcium imaging and retrospective molecular identification in the mouse hippocampus to characterize molecularly identified CA3 and CA2 interneuron activity during SWR-associated memory consolidation and spatial navigation. We describe subtype- and region-specific responses during behaviorally distinct brain states and find that SWRs are preceded by decreased cholecystokinin-expressing interneuron activity and followed by increased parvalbumin-expressing basket cell activity. The magnitude of these dynamics correlates with both SWR duration and behavior during hippocampal-dependent learning. Together these results assign subtype- and region-specific roles for inhibitory circuits in coordinating operations and learning-related plasticity in hippocampal recurrent circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bert Vancura
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tristan Geiller
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Andres Grosmark
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- University of Connecticut Medical School, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Vivian Zhao
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Attila Losonczy
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Vancura B, Geiller T, Losonczy A. Organization and Plasticity of Inhibition in Hippocampal Recurrent Circuits. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.13.532296. [PMID: 36993553 PMCID: PMC10054977 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.13.532296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Excitatory-inhibitory interactions structure recurrent network dynamics for efficient cortical computations. In the CA3 area of the hippocampus, recurrent circuit dynamics, including experience-induced plasticity at excitatory synapses, are thought to play a key role in episodic memory encoding and consolidation via rapid generation and flexible selection of neural ensembles. However, in vivo activity of identified inhibitory motifs supporting this recurrent circuitry has remained largely inaccessible, and it is unknown whether CA3 inhibition is also modifiable upon experience. Here we use large-scale, 3-dimensional calcium imaging and retrospective molecular identification in the mouse hippocampus to obtain the first comprehensive description of molecularly-identified CA3 interneuron dynamics during both spatial navigation and sharp-wave ripple (SWR)-associated memory consolidation. Our results uncover subtype-specific dynamics during behaviorally distinct brain-states. Our data also demonstrate predictive, reflective, and experience-driven plastic recruitment of specific inhibitory motifs during SWR-related memory reactivation. Together these results assign active roles for inhibitory circuits in coordinating operations and plasticity in hippocampal recurrent circuits.
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10
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Via G, Baravalle R, Fernandez FR, White JA, Canavier CC. Interneuronal network model of theta-nested fast oscillations predicts differential effects of heterogeneity, gap junctions and short term depression for hyperpolarizing versus shunting inhibition. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010094. [PMID: 36455063 PMCID: PMC9747050 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Theta and gamma oscillations in the hippocampus have been hypothesized to play a role in the encoding and retrieval of memories. Recently, it was shown that an intrinsic fast gamma mechanism in medial entorhinal cortex can be recruited by optogenetic stimulation at theta frequencies, which can persist with fast excitatory synaptic transmission blocked, suggesting a contribution of interneuronal network gamma (ING). We calibrated the passive and active properties of a 100-neuron model network to capture the range of passive properties and frequency/current relationships of experimentally recorded PV+ neurons in the medial entorhinal cortex (mEC). The strength and probabilities of chemical and electrical synapses were also calibrated using paired recordings, as were the kinetics and short-term depression (STD) of the chemical synapses. Gap junctions that contribute a noticeable fraction of the input resistance were required for synchrony with hyperpolarizing inhibition; these networks exhibited theta-nested high frequency oscillations similar to the putative ING observed experimentally in the optogenetically-driven PV-ChR2 mice. With STD included in the model, the network desynchronized at frequencies above ~200 Hz, so for sufficiently strong drive, fast oscillations were only observed before the peak of the theta. Because hyperpolarizing synapses provide a synchronizing drive that contributes to robustness in the presence of heterogeneity, synchronization decreases as the hyperpolarizing inhibition becomes weaker. In contrast, networks with shunting inhibition required non-physiological levels of gap junctions to synchronize using conduction delays within the measured range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Via
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Roman Baravalle
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Fernando R. Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John A. White
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Systems Neuroscience, Neurophotonics Center, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Carmen C. Canavier
- Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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11
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Attili SM, Moradi K, Wheeler DW, Ascoli GA. Quantification of neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation by data mining and numerical optimization. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1724-1741. [PMID: 35301768 PMCID: PMC10026515 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quantifying the population sizes of distinct neuron types in different anatomical regions is an essential step towards establishing a brain cell census. Although estimates exist for the total neuronal populations in different species, the number and definition of each specific neuron type are still intensively investigated. Hippocampome.org is an open-source knowledge base with morphological, physiological and molecular information for 122 neuron types in the rodent hippocampal formation. While such framework identifies all known neuron types in this system, their relative abundances remain largely unknown. This work quantitatively estimates the counts of all Hippocampome.org neuron types by literature mining and numerical optimization. We report the number of neurons in each type identified by main neurotransmitter (glutamate or GABA) and axonal-dendritic patterns throughout 26 subregions and layers of the dentate gyrus, Ammon's horn, subiculum and entorhinal cortex. We produce by sensitivity analysis reliable numerical ranges for each type and summarize the amounts across broad neuronal families defined by biomarkers expression and firing dynamics. Study of density distributions indicates that the number of dendritic-targeting interneurons, but not of other neuronal classes, is independent of anatomical volumes. All extracted values, experimental evidence and related software code are released on Hippocampome.org.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarojini M. Attili
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Keivan Moradi
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Diek W. Wheeler
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Giorgio A. Ascoli
- Center for Neural Informatics, Structures, & Plasticity, Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program, Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
- Bioengineering Department and Volgenau School of Engineering, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
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12
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Ecker A, Bagi B, Vértes E, Steinbach-Németh O, Karlocai MR, Papp OI, Miklós I, Hájos N, Freund T, Gulyás AI, Káli S. Hippocampal sharp wave-ripples and the associated sequence replay emerge from structured synaptic interactions in a network model of area CA3. eLife 2022; 11:71850. [PMID: 35040779 PMCID: PMC8865846 DOI: 10.7554/elife.71850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal place cells are activated sequentially as an animal explores its environment. These activity sequences are internally recreated (‘replayed’), either in the same or reversed order, during bursts of activity (sharp wave-ripples [SWRs]) that occur in sleep and awake rest. SWR-associated replay is thought to be critical for the creation and maintenance of long-term memory. In order to identify the cellular and network mechanisms of SWRs and replay, we constructed and simulated a data-driven model of area CA3 of the hippocampus. Our results show that the chain-like structure of recurrent excitatory interactions established during learning not only determines the content of replay, but is essential for the generation of the SWRs as well. We find that bidirectional replay requires the interplay of the experimentally confirmed, temporally symmetric plasticity rule, and cellular adaptation. Our model provides a unifying framework for diverse phenomena involving hippocampal plasticity, representations, and dynamics, and suggests that the structured neural codes induced by learning may have greater influence over cortical network states than previously appreciated.
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Fazekas CL, Szabó A, Török B, Bánrévi K, Correia P, Chaves T, Daumas S, Zelena D. A New Player in the Hippocampus: A Review on VGLUT3+ Neurons and Their Role in the Regulation of Hippocampal Activity and Behaviour. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:790. [PMID: 35054976 PMCID: PMC8775679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the most abundant excitatory amino acid in the central nervous system. Neurons using glutamate as a neurotransmitter can be characterised by vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Among the three subtypes, VGLUT3 is unique, co-localising with other "classical" neurotransmitters, such as the inhibitory GABA. Glutamate, manipulated by VGLUT3, can modulate the packaging as well as the release of other neurotransmitters and serve as a retrograde signal through its release from the somata and dendrites. Its contribution to sensory processes (including seeing, hearing, and mechanosensation) is well characterised. However, its involvement in learning and memory can only be assumed based on its prominent hippocampal presence. Although VGLUT3-expressing neurons are detectable in the hippocampus, most of the hippocampal VGLUT3 positivity can be found on nerve terminals, presumably coming from the median raphe. This hippocampal glutamatergic network plays a pivotal role in several important processes (e.g., learning and memory, emotions, epilepsy, cardiovascular regulation). Indirect information from anatomical studies and KO mice strains suggests the contribution of local VGLUT3-positive hippocampal neurons as well as afferentations in these events. However, further studies making use of more specific tools (e.g., Cre-mice, opto- and chemogenetics) are needed to confirm these assumptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csilla Lea Fazekas
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Adrienn Szabó
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bibiána Török
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Bánrévi
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
| | - Pedro Correia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tiago Chaves
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
- János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Stéphanie Daumas
- Neuroscience Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (NPS-IBPS) INSERM, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France;
| | - Dóra Zelena
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (C.L.F.); (A.S.); (B.T.); (K.B.); (P.C.); (T.C.)
- Centre for Neuroscience, Szentágothai Research Centre, Institute of Physiology, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Reconstruction of the Hippocampus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1359:261-283. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89439-9_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe hippocampus is a widely studied brain region thought to play an important role in higher cognitive functions such as learning, memory, and navigation. The amount of data on this region increases every day and delineates a complex and fragmented picture, but an integrated understanding of hippocampal function remains elusive. Computational methods can help to move the research forward, and reconstructing a full-scale model of the hippocampus is a challenging yet feasible task that the research community should undertake.In this chapter, we present strategies for reconstructing a large-scale model of the hippocampus. Based on a previously published approach to reconstruct and simulate brain tissue, which is also explained in Chap. 10, we discuss the characteristics of the hippocampus in the light of its special anatomical and physiological features, data availability, and existing large-scale hippocampus models. A large-scale model of the hippocampus is a compound model of several building blocks: ion channels, morphologies, single cell models, connections, synapses. We discuss each of those building blocks separately and discuss how to merge them back and simulate the resulting network model.
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15
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Kinetics and Connectivity Properties of Parvalbumin- and Somatostatin-Positive Inhibition in Layer 2/3 Medial Entorhinal Cortex. eNeuro 2022; 9:ENEURO.0441-21.2022. [PMID: 35105656 PMCID: PMC8856710 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0441-21.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Parvalbumin-positive (Pvalb+) and somatostatin-positive (Sst+) cells are the two largest subgroups of inhibitory interneurons. Studies in visual cortex indicate that synaptic connections between Pvalb+ cells are common while connections between Sst+ interneurons have not been observed. The inhibitory connectivity and kinetics of these two interneuron subpopulations, however, have not been characterized in medial entorhinal cortex (mEC). Using fluorescence-guided paired recordings in mouse brain slices from interneurons and excitatory cells in layer 2/3 mEC, we found that, unlike neocortical measures, Sst+ cells inhibit each other, albeit with a lower probability than Pvalb+ cells (18% vs 36% for unidirectional connections). Gap junction connections were also more frequent between Pvalb+ cells than between Sst+ cells. Pvalb+ cells inhibited each other with larger conductances, smaller decay time constants, and shorter delays. Similarly, synaptic connections between Pvalb+ and excitatory cells were more likely and expressed faster decay times and shorter delays than those between Sst+ and excitatory cells. Inhibitory cells exhibited smaller synaptic decay time constants between interneurons than on their excitatory targets. Inhibition between interneurons also depressed faster, and to a greater extent. Finally, inhibition onto layer 2 pyramidal and stellate cells originating from Pvalb+ interneurons were very similar, with no significant differences in connection likelihood, inhibitory amplitude, and decay time. A model of short-term depression fitted to the data indicates that recovery time constants for refilling the available pool are in the range of 50-150 ms and that the fraction of the available pool released on each spike is in the range 0.2-0.5.
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Perisomatic Inhibition and Its Relation to Epilepsy and to Synchrony Generation in the Human Neocortex. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010202. [PMID: 35008628 PMCID: PMC8745731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitory neurons innervating the perisomatic region of cortical excitatory principal cells are known to control the emergence of several physiological and pathological synchronous events, including epileptic interictal spikes. In humans, little is known about their role in synchrony generation, although their changes in epilepsy have been thoroughly investigated. This paper demonstraits how parvalbumin (PV)- and type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R)-positive perisomatic interneurons innervate pyramidal cell bodies, and their role in synchronous population events spontaneously emerging in the human epileptic and non-epileptic neocortex, in vitro. Quantitative electron microscopy showed that the overall, PV+ and CB1R+ somatic inhibitory inputs remained unchanged in focal cortical epilepsy. On the contrary, the size of PV-stained synapses increased, and their number decreased in epileptic samples, in synchrony generating regions. Pharmacology demonstrated—in conjunction with the electron microscopy—that although both perisomatic cell types participate, PV+ cells have stronger influence on the generation of population activity in epileptic samples. The somatic inhibitory input of neocortical pyramidal cells remained almost intact in epilepsy, but the larger and consequently more efficient somatic synapses might account for a higher synchrony in this neuron population. This, together with epileptic hyperexcitability, might make a cortical region predisposed to generate or participate in hypersynchronous events.
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Santos-Terra J, Deckmann I, Schwingel GB, Paz AVC, Gama CS, Bambini-Junior V, Fontes-Dutra M, Gottfried C. Resveratrol prevents long-term structural hippocampal alterations and modulates interneuron organization in an animal model of ASD. Brain Res 2021; 1768:147593. [PMID: 34331907 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in both communication and social interaction, besides repetitive or stereotyped behavior. Although the etiology is unknown, environmental factors such as valproic acid (VPA) increase the risk of ASD onset. Resveratrol (RSV), a neuroprotective molecule, has been shown to counteract the effects of intrauterine exposure to VPA. We aimed to evaluate histological parameters related to hippocampal morphology and to the distribution of parvalbumin- (PV), calbindin- (CB), and somatostatin-positive (SOM) interneurons sub-populations, in addition to evaluate the total/phosphorylation levels of PTEN, AKT, GSK3β and total CK2 in the animal model of autism induced by VPA, as well as addressing the potential protective effect of RSV. On postnatal day 120, histological analysis showed a loss in total neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) and decreased CB+ neurons in DG and CA1 in VPA animals, both prevented by RSV. In addition, PV+ neurons were diminished in CA1, CA2, and CA3, and SOM+ were interestingly increased in DG (prevented by RSV) and decreased in CA1 and CA2. A hippocampal lesion similar to sclerosis was also observed in the samples from the VPA group. Besides that, VPA reduced AKT and PTEN immunocontent, and VPA increased CK2 immunocontent. Thus, this work demonstrated long-term effects of prenatal exposure to ASD in different sub-populations of interneurons, structural damage of hippocampus, and also alteration in proteins associated with pivotal cell signaling pathways, highlighting the role of RSV as a tool for understanding the pathophysiology of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlio Santos-Terra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil.
| | - Iohanna Deckmann
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Brum Schwingel
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
| | - André Vinicius Contri Paz
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil
| | - Clarissa S Gama
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, National Science and Technology Institute for Translational Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Brazil; Postgraduate Program in Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Victorio Bambini-Junior
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil; School of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Mellanie Fontes-Dutra
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Brazil; Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Institute, BR-UK-CA, Brazil.
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18
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Hájos N. Interneuron Types and Their Circuits in the Basolateral Amygdala. Front Neural Circuits 2021; 15:687257. [PMID: 34177472 PMCID: PMC8222668 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2021.687257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a cortical structure based on its cell types, connectivity features, and developmental characteristics. This part of the amygdala is considered to be the main entry site of processed and multisensory information delivered via cortical and thalamic afferents. Although GABAergic inhibitory cells in the BLA comprise only 20% of the entire neuronal population, they provide essential control over proper network operation. Previous studies have uncovered that GABAergic cells in the basolateral amygdala are as diverse as those present in other cortical regions, including the hippocampus and neocortex. To understand the role of inhibitory cells in various amygdala functions, we need to reveal the connectivity and input-output features of the different types of GABAergic cells. Here, I review the recent achievements in uncovering the diversity of GABAergic cells in the basolateral amygdala with a specific focus on the microcircuit organization of these inhibitory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Hájos
- Laboratory of Network Neurophysiology, ELRN Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Li Z, Li J, Wang S, Wang X, Chen J, Qin L. Laminar Profile of Auditory Steady-State Response in the Auditory Cortex of Awake Mice. Front Syst Neurosci 2021; 15:636395. [PMID: 33815073 PMCID: PMC8017131 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2021.636395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Auditory steady-state response (ASSR) is a gamma oscillation evoked by periodic auditory stimuli, which is commonly used in clinical electroencephalographic examination to evaluate the neurological functions. Though it has been suggested that auditory cortex is the origin of ASSR, how the laminar architecture of the neocortex contributes to the ASSR recorded from the brain surface remains unclear. Methods We used a 16-channel silicon probe to record the local field potential and the single-unit spike activity in the different layers of the auditory cortex of unanesthetized mice. Click-trains with a repetition rate at 40-Hz were present as sound stimuli to evoke ASSR. Results We found that the LFPs of all cortical layers showed a stable ASSR synchronizing to the 40-Hz click stimuli, while the ASSR was strongest in the granular (thalamorecipient) layer. Furthermore, time-frequency analyses also revealed the strongest coherence between the signals recorded from the granular layer and pial surface. Conclusion Our results reveal that the 40-Hz ASSR primarily shows the evoked gamma oscillation of thalamorecipient layers in the neocortex, and that the ASSR may be a biomarker to detect the cognitive deficits associated with impaired thalamo-cortical connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jinhong Li
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Physiology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Bombardi C, Grandis A, Pivac N, Sagud M, Lucas G, Chagraoui A, Lemaire-Mayo V, De Deurwaerdère P, Di Giovanni G. Serotonin modulation of hippocampal functions: From anatomy to neurotherapeutics. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 261:83-158. [PMID: 33785139 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampal region receives a dense serotoninergic innervation originating from both medial and dorsal raphe nuclei. This innervation regulates hippocampal activity through the activation of distinct receptor families that are expressed in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, terminals of several afferent neurotransmitter systems, and glial cells. Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that hippocampal dysfunctions are involved in learning and memory deficits, dementia, Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy and mood disorders such as anxiety, depression and post-traumatic syndrome disorder, whereas the hippocampus participates also in the therapeutic mechanisms of numerous medicines. Not surprisingly, several drugs acting via 5-HT mechanisms are efficacious to some extent in some diseases and the link between 5-HT and the hippocampus although clear remains difficult to untangle. For this reason, we review reported data concerning the distribution and the functional roles of the 5-HT receptors in the hippocampal region in health and disease. The impact of the 5-HT systems on the hippocampal function is such that the research of new 5-HT mechanisms and drugs is still very active. It concerns notably drugs acting at the 5-HT1A,2A,2C,4,6 receptor subtypes, in addition to the already existing drugs including the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiano Bombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Grandis
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nela Pivac
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudier Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marina Sagud
- Clinical Hospital Center Zagreb and School of Medicine University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Guillaume Lucas
- Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM 1215, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Abdeslam Chagraoui
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine of Normandy (IRIB), Normandie University, UNIROUEN, INSERM U1239, Rouen, France; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Valérie Lemaire-Mayo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe De Deurwaerdère
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut des Neurosciences Intégratives et Cognitives d'Aquitaine, UMR 5287, Bordeaux, France
| | - Giuseppe Di Giovanni
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta; Neuroscience Division, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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21
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Que L, Lukacsovich D, Luo W, Földy C. Transcriptional and morphological profiling of parvalbumin interneuron subpopulations in the mouse hippocampus. Nat Commun 2021; 12:108. [PMID: 33398060 PMCID: PMC7782706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20328-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity reflected by >100 different neural cell types fundamentally contributes to brain function and a central idea is that neuronal identity can be inferred from genetic information. Recent large-scale transcriptomic assays seem to confirm this hypothesis, but a lack of morphological information has limited the identification of several known cell types. In this study, we used single-cell RNA-seq in morphologically identified parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs), and studied their transcriptomic states in the morphological, physiological, and developmental domains. Overall, we find high transcriptomic similarity among PV-INs, with few genes showing divergent expression between morphologically different types. Furthermore, PV-INs show a uniform synaptic cell adhesion molecule (CAM) profile, suggesting that CAM expression in mature PV cells does not reflect wiring specificity after development. Together, our results suggest that while PV-INs differ in anatomy and in vivo activity, their continuous transcriptomic and homogenous biophysical landscapes are not predictive of these distinct identities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Que
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - David Lukacsovich
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wenshu Luo
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Csaba Földy
- Laboratory of Neural Connectivity, Brain Research Institute, Faculties of Medicine and Science, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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22
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Ballaz SJ, Bourin M. Cholecystokinin-Mediated Neuromodulation of Anxiety and Schizophrenia: A "Dimmer-Switch" Hypothesis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:925-938. [PMID: 33185164 PMCID: PMC8686311 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666201113145143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholecystokinin (CCK), the most abundant brain neuropeptide, is involved in relevant behavioral functions like memory, cognition, and reward through its interactions with the opioid and dopaminergic systems in the limbic system. CCK excites neurons by binding two receptors, CCK1 and CCK2, expressed at low and high levels in the brain, respectively. Historically, CCK2 receptors have been related to the induction of panic attacks in humans. Disturbances in brain CCK expression also underlie the physiopathology of schizophrenia, which is attributed to the modulation by CCK1 receptors of the dopamine flux in the basal striatum. Despite this evidence, neither CCK2 receptor antagonists ameliorate human anxiety nor CCK agonists have consistently shown neuroleptic effects in clinical trials. A neglected aspect of the function of brain CCK is its neuromodulatory role in mental disorders. Interestingly, CCK is expressed in pivotal inhibitory interneurons that sculpt cortical dynamics and the flux of nerve impulses across corticolimbic areas and the excitatory projections to mesolimbic pathways. At the basal striatum, CCK modulates the excitability of glutamate, the release of inhibitory GABA, and the discharge of dopamine. Here we focus on how CCK may reduce rather than trigger anxiety by regulating its cognitive component. Adequate levels of CCK release in the basal striatum may control the interplay between cognition and reward circuitry, which is critical in schizophrenia. Hence, it is proposed that disturbances in the excitatory/ inhibitory interplay modulated by CCK may contribute to the imbalanced interaction between corticolimbic and mesolimbic neural activity found in anxiety and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago J. Ballaz
- Address correspondence to this author at the School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador; Tel: 593 (06) 299 9100, ext. 2626; E-mail:
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Beiersdorf J, Hevesi Z, Calvigioni D, Pyszkowski J, Romanov R, Szodorai E, Lubec G, Shirran S, Botting CH, Kasper S, Guy GW, Gray R, Di Marzo V, Harkany T, Keimpema E. Adverse effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on neuronal bioenergetics during postnatal development. JCI Insight 2020; 5:135418. [PMID: 33141759 PMCID: PMC7714410 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.135418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ongoing societal changes in views on the medical and recreational roles of cannabis increased the use of concentrated plant extracts with a Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of more than 90%. Even though prenatal THC exposure is widely considered adverse for neuronal development, equivalent experimental data for young age cohorts are largely lacking. Here, we administered plant-derived THC (1 or 5 mg/kg) to mice daily during P5–P16 and P5–P35 and monitored its effects on hippocampal neuronal survival and specification by high-resolution imaging and iTRAQ proteomics, respectively. We found that THC indiscriminately affects pyramidal cells and both cannabinoid receptor 1+ (CB1R)+ and CB1R– interneurons by P16. THC particularly disrupted the expression of mitochondrial proteins (complexes I–IV), a change that had persisted even 4 months after the end of drug exposure. This was reflected by a THC-induced loss of membrane integrity occluding mitochondrial respiration and could be partially or completely rescued by pH stabilization, antioxidants, bypassed glycolysis, and targeting either mitochondrial soluble adenylyl cyclase or the mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. Overall, THC exposure during infancy induces significant and long-lasting reorganization of neuronal circuits through mechanisms that, in large part, render cellular bioenergetics insufficient to sustain key developmental processes in otherwise healthy neurons. Repeated THC exposure in juvenile mice compromises the limbic circuitry, with life-long impairment to the respiration of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Beiersdorf
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsofia Hevesi
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Calvigioni
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roman Romanov
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Edit Szodorai
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sally Shirran
- School of Chemistry, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, United Kingdom
| | | | - Siegfried Kasper
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Roy Gray
- GW Phamaceuticals, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Excellence Research Chair, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec and Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Tibor Harkany
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Biomedikum D7, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Erik Keimpema
- Department of Molecular Neurosciences, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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24
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Ekins TG, Mahadevan V, Zhang Y, D'Amour JA, Akgül G, Petros TJ, McBain CJ. Emergence of non-canonical parvalbumin-containing interneurons in hippocampus of a murine model of type I lissencephaly. eLife 2020; 9:e62373. [PMID: 33150866 PMCID: PMC7673787 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Type I lissencephaly is a neuronal migration disorder caused by haploinsuffiency of the PAFAH1B1 (mouse: Pafah1b1) gene and is characterized by brain malformation, developmental delays, and epilepsy. Here, we investigate the impact of Pafah1b1 mutation on the cellular migration, morphophysiology, microcircuitry, and transcriptomics of mouse hippocampal CA1 parvalbumin-containing inhibitory interneurons (PV+INTs). We find that WT PV+INTs consist of two physiological subtypes (80% fast-spiking (FS), 20% non-fast-spiking (NFS)) and four morphological subtypes. We find that cell-autonomous mutations within interneurons disrupts morphophysiological development of PV+INTs and results in the emergence of a non-canonical 'intermediate spiking (IS)' subset of PV+INTs. We also find that now dominant IS/NFS cells are prone to entering depolarization block, causing them to temporarily lose the ability to initiate action potentials and control network excitation, potentially promoting seizures. Finally, single-cell nuclear RNAsequencing of PV+INTs revealed several misregulated genes related to morphogenesis, cellular excitability, and synapse formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler G Ekins
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- NIH-Brown University Graduate Partnership ProgramProvidenceUnited States
| | - Vivek Mahadevan
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Yajun Zhang
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - James A D'Amour
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
- Postdoctoral Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical SciencesBethesdaUnited States
| | - Gülcan Akgül
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Timothy J Petros
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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25
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Generation of Sharp Wave-Ripple Events by Disinhibition. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7811-7836. [PMID: 32913107 PMCID: PMC7548694 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2174-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sharp wave-ripple complexes (SWRs) are hippocampal network phenomena involved in memory consolidation. To date, the mechanisms underlying their occurrence remain obscure. Here, we show how the interactions between pyramidal cells, parvalbumin-positive (PV+) basket cells, and an unidentified class of anti-SWR interneurons can contribute to the initiation and termination of SWRs. Using a biophysically constrained model of a network of spiking neurons and a rate-model approximation, we demonstrate that SWRs emerge as a result of the competition between two interneuron populations and the resulting disinhibition of pyramidal cells. Our models explain how the activation of pyramidal cells or PV+ cells can trigger SWRs, as shown in vitro, and suggests that PV+ cell-mediated short-term synaptic depression influences the experimentally reported dynamics of SWR events. Furthermore, we predict that the silencing of anti-SWR interneurons can trigger SWRs. These results broaden our understanding of the microcircuits supporting the generation of memory-related network dynamics. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The hippocampus is a part of the mammalian brain that is crucial for episodic memories. During periods of sleep and inactive waking, the extracellular activity of the hippocampus is dominated by sharp wave-ripple events (SWRs), which have been shown to be important for memory consolidation. The mechanisms regulating the emergence of these events are still unclear. We developed a computational model to study the emergence of SWRs and to explain the roles of different cell types in regulating them. The model accounts for several previously unexplained features of SWRs and thus advances the understanding of memory-related dynamics.
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26
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Parvalbumin and Somatostatin Interneurons Contribute to the Generation of Hippocampal Gamma Oscillations. J Neurosci 2020; 40:7668-7687. [PMID: 32859716 PMCID: PMC7531548 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0261-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-frequency oscillations (30-120 Hz) in cortical networks influence neuronal encoding and information transfer, and are disrupted in multiple brain disorders. While synaptic inhibition is important for synchronization across the γ-frequency range, the role of distinct interneuronal subtypes in slow (<60 Hz) and fast γ states remains unclear. Here, we used optogenetics to examine the involvement of parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) and somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneurons in γ oscillations in the mouse hippocampal CA3 ex vivo, using animals of either sex. Disrupting either PV+ or SST+ interneuron activity, via either photoinhibition or photoexcitation, led to a decrease in the power of cholinergically induced slow γ oscillations. Furthermore, photoexcitation of SST+ interneurons induced fast γ oscillations, which depended on both synaptic excitation and inhibition. Our findings support a critical role for both PV+ and SST+ interneurons in slow hippocampal γ oscillations, and further suggest that intense activation of SST+ interneurons can enable the CA3 circuit to generate fast γ oscillations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The generation of hippocampal γ oscillations depends on synchronized inhibition provided by GABAergic interneurons. Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons are thought to play the key role in coordinating the spike timing of excitatory pyramidal neurons, but the role distinct inhibitory circuits in network synchronization remains unresolved. Here, we show, for the first time, that causal disruption of either PV+ or somatostatin-expressing (SST+) interneuron activity impairs the generation of slow γ oscillations in the ventral hippocampus ex vivo. We further show that SST+ interneuron activation along with general network excitation is sufficient to generate high-frequency γ oscillations in the same preparation. These results affirm a crucial role for both PV+ and SST+ interneurons in hippocampal γ oscillation generation.
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27
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Ecker A, Romani A, Sáray S, Káli S, Migliore M, Falck J, Lange S, Mercer A, Thomson AM, Muller E, Reimann MW, Ramaswamy S. Data-driven integration of hippocampal CA1 synaptic physiology in silico. Hippocampus 2020; 30:1129-1145. [PMID: 32520422 PMCID: PMC7687201 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The anatomy and physiology of monosynaptic connections in rodent hippocampal CA1 have been extensively studied in recent decades. Yet, the resulting knowledge remains disparate and difficult to reconcile. Here, we present a data‐driven approach to integrate the current state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on the synaptic anatomy and physiology of rodent hippocampal CA1, including axo‐dendritic innervation patterns, number of synapses per connection, quantal conductances, neurotransmitter release probability, and short‐term plasticity into a single coherent resource. First, we undertook an extensive literature review of paired recordings of hippocampal neurons and compiled experimental data on their synaptic anatomy and physiology. The data collected in this manner is sparse and inhomogeneous due to the diversity of experimental techniques used by different groups, which necessitates the need for an integrative framework to unify these data. To this end, we extended a previously developed workflow for the neocortex to constrain a unifying in silico reconstruction of the synaptic physiology of CA1 connections. Our work identifies gaps in the existing knowledge and provides a complementary resource toward a more complete quantification of synaptic anatomy and physiology in the rodent hippocampal CA1 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Ecker
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Armando Romani
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sára Sáray
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Káli
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.,Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Michele Migliore
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Palermo, Italy
| | - Joanne Falck
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK.,School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Audrey Mercer
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alex M Thomson
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eilif Muller
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael W Reimann
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Srikanth Ramaswamy
- Blue Brain Project, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Campus Biotech, Geneva, Switzerland
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28
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Pelkey KA, Calvigioni D, Fang C, Vargish G, Ekins T, Auville K, Wester JC, Lai M, Mackenzie-Gray Scott C, Yuan X, Hunt S, Abebe D, Xu Q, Dimidschstein J, Fishell G, Chittajallu R, McBain CJ. Paradoxical network excitation by glutamate release from VGluT3 + GABAergic interneurons. eLife 2020; 9:e51996. [PMID: 32053107 PMCID: PMC7039679 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In violation of Dale's principle several neuronal subtypes utilize more than one classical neurotransmitter. Molecular identification of vesicular glutamate transporter three and cholecystokinin expressing cortical interneurons (CCK+VGluT3+INTs) has prompted speculation of GABA/glutamate corelease from these cells for almost two decades despite a lack of direct evidence. We unequivocally demonstrate CCK+VGluT3+INT-mediated GABA/glutamate cotransmission onto principal cells in adult mice using paired recording and optogenetic approaches. Although under normal conditions, GABAergic inhibition dominates CCK+VGluT3+INT signaling, glutamatergic signaling becomes predominant when glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) function is compromised. CCK+VGluT3+INTs exhibit surprising anatomical diversity comprising subsets of all known dendrite targeting CCK+ interneurons in addition to the expected basket cells, and their extensive circuit innervation profoundly dampens circuit excitability under normal conditions. However, in contexts where the glutamatergic phenotype of CCK+VGluT3+INTs is amplified, they promote paradoxical network hyperexcitability which may be relevant to disorders involving GAD dysfunction such as schizophrenia or vitamin B6 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniela Calvigioni
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Calvin Fang
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Geoffrey Vargish
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Tyler Ekins
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Kurt Auville
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Jason C Wester
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Mandy Lai
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Connie Mackenzie-Gray Scott
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Xiaoqing Yuan
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Steven Hunt
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Daniel Abebe
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Qing Xu
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, NYUAbu-DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Jordane Dimidschstein
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
| | - Gordon Fishell
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and HarvardCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Neurobiology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Chris J McBain
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
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29
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Ramirez-Villegas JF, Willeke KF, Logothetis NK, Besserve M. Dissecting the Synapse- and Frequency-Dependent Network Mechanisms of In Vivo Hippocampal Sharp Wave-Ripples. Neuron 2018; 100:1224-1240.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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30
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Bayat Mokhtari E, Lawrence JJ, Stone EF. Data Driven Models of Short-Term Synaptic Plasticity. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:32. [PMID: 29872388 PMCID: PMC5972196 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple models of short term synaptic plasticity that incorporate facilitation and/or depression have been created in abundance for different synapse types and circumstances. The analysis of these models has included computing mutual information between a stochastic input spike train and some sort of representation of the postsynaptic response. While this approach has proven useful in many contexts, for the purpose of determining the type of process underlying a stochastic output train, it ignores the ordering of the responses, leaving an important characterizing feature on the table. In this paper we use a broader class of information measures on output only, and specifically construct hidden Markov models (HMMs) (known as epsilon machines or causal state models) to differentiate between synapse type, and classify the complexity of the process. We find that the machines allow us to differentiate between processes in a way not possible by considering distributions alone. We are also able to understand these differences in terms of the dynamics of the model used to create the output response, bringing the analysis full circle. Hence this technique provides a complimentary description of the synaptic filtering process, and potentially expands the interpretation of future experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Bayat Mokhtari
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
| | - J Josh Lawrence
- Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
| | - Emily F Stone
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT, United States
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31
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Sherif MA, Cortes-Briones JA, Ranganathan M, Skosnik PD. Cannabinoid-glutamate interactions and neural oscillations: implications for psychosis. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2890-2902. [PMID: 29247465 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Sherif
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Jose A. Cortes-Briones
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Mohini Ranganathan
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
| | - Patrick D. Skosnik
- Department of Psychiatry; Yale University School of Medicine; VA Connecticut Healthcare System Building 5, Suite C-214 950 Campbell Avenue West Haven CT 06516 USA
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32
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Pelkey KA, Chittajallu R, Craig MT, Tricoire L, Wester JC, McBain CJ. Hippocampal GABAergic Inhibitory Interneurons. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:1619-1747. [PMID: 28954853 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00007.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 487] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the hippocampus GABAergic local circuit inhibitory interneurons represent only ~10-15% of the total neuronal population; however, their remarkable anatomical and physiological diversity allows them to regulate virtually all aspects of cellular and circuit function. Here we provide an overview of the current state of the field of interneuron research, focusing largely on the hippocampus. We discuss recent advances related to the various cell types, including their development and maturation, expression of subtype-specific voltage- and ligand-gated channels, and their roles in network oscillations. We also discuss recent technological advances and approaches that have permitted high-resolution, subtype-specific examination of their roles in numerous neural circuit disorders and the emerging therapeutic strategies to ameliorate such pathophysiological conditions. The ultimate goal of this review is not only to provide a touchstone for the current state of the field, but to help pave the way for future research by highlighting where gaps in our knowledge exist and how a complete appreciation of their roles will aid in future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth A Pelkey
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ramesh Chittajallu
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Michael T Craig
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Tricoire
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Jason C Wester
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
| | - Chris J McBain
- Porter Neuroscience Center, Eunice Kennedy-Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Hatherly Laboratories, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, INSERM, CNRS, Neurosciences Paris Seine-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine, Paris, France
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33
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Differential excitatory control of 2 parallel basket cell networks in amygdala microcircuits. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2001421. [PMID: 28542195 PMCID: PMC5443504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2001421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Information processing in neural networks depends on the connectivity among excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The presence of parallel, distinctly controlled local circuits within a cortical network may ensure an effective and dynamic regulation of microcircuit function. By applying a combination of optogenetics, electrophysiological recordings, and high resolution microscopic techniques, we uncovered the organizing principles of synaptic communication between principal neurons and basket cells in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. In this cortical structure, known to be critical for emotional memory formation, we revealed the presence of 2 parallel basket cell networks expressing either parvalbumin or cholecystokinin. While the 2 basket cell types are mutually interconnected within their own category via synapses and gap junctions, they avoid innervating each other, but form synaptic contacts with axo-axonic cells. Importantly, both basket cell types have the similar potency to control principal neuron spiking, but they receive excitatory input from principal neurons with entirely diverse features. This distinct feedback synaptic excitation enables a markedly different recruitment of the 2 basket cell types upon the activation of local principal neurons. Our data suggest fundamentally different functions for the 2 parallel basket cell networks in circuit operations in the amygdala. The perisomatic region of neurons refers collectively to the membrane surface of the cell body or soma, proximal dendrites, and axon initial segment. This is a unique functional domain in which the activity of a neuron can be controlled in the most effective manner. In the cerebral cortex, the perisomatic region of excitatory principal cells is solely innervated by inhibitory interneurons, which can be divided into 3 functional groups: axo-axonic cells and 2 types of basket cells. The reason why 3 distinct types of inhibitory cells are specialized to control principal cell firing is still unknown. To reveal the possible differences in the role of the 3 interneuron types played in cortical operation, we have investigated the organizing principles of synaptic communication between principal cells and inhibitory cell types in the basal nucleus of the amygdala. In this cortical structure, known to be critical for affective behavior, we revealed that the 2 basket cell types avoid innervating each other but contact axo-axonic cells. Both basket cell types have a similar potency to control principal cell firing, but they receive excitatory input from principal cells with entirely distinct features. Our data suggest fundamentally different functions for the 2 parallel basket cell networks in amygdala operation.
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34
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Activity Clamp Provides Insights into Paradoxical Effects of the Anti-Seizure Drug Carbamazepine. J Neurosci 2017; 37:5484-5495. [PMID: 28473648 PMCID: PMC5452340 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3697-16.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in experimental epilepsy research is to reconcile the effects of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) on individual neurons with their network-level actions. Highlighting this difficulty, it is unclear why carbamazepine (CBZ), a frontline AED with a known molecular mechanism, has been reported to increase epileptiform activity in several clinical and experimental studies. We confirmed in an in vitro mouse model (in both sexes) that the frequency of interictal bursts increased after CBZ perfusion. To address the underlying mechanisms, we developed a method, activity clamp, to distinguish the response of individual neurons from network-level actions of CBZ. We first recorded barrages of synaptic conductances from neurons during epileptiform activity and then replayed them in pharmacologically isolated neurons under control conditions and in the presence of CBZ. CBZ consistently decreased the reliability of the second action potential in each burst of activity. Conventional current-clamp recordings using excitatory ramp or square-step current injections failed to reveal this effect. Network modeling showed that a CBZ-induced decrease of neuron recruitment during epileptic bursts can lead to an increase in burst frequency at the network level by reducing the refractoriness of excitatory transmission. By combining activity clamp with computer simulations, the present study provides a potential explanation for the paradoxical effects of CBZ on epileptiform activity. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The effects of anti-epileptic drugs on individual neurons are difficult to separate from their network-level actions. Although carbamazepine (CBZ) has a known anti-epileptic mechanism, paradoxically, it has also been reported to increase epileptiform activity in clinical and experimental studies. To investigate this paradox during realistic neuronal epileptiform activity, we developed a method, activity clamp, to distinguish the effects of CBZ on individual neurons from network-level actions. We demonstrate that CBZ consistently decreases the reliability of the second action potential in each burst of epileptiform activity. Network modeling shows that this effect on individual neuronal responses could explain the paradoxical effect of CBZ at the network level.
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Rovira-Esteban L, Péterfi Z, Vikór A, Máté Z, Szabó G, Hájos N. Morphological and physiological properties of CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons in the basal amygdala. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3543-3565. [PMID: 28391401 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1417-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Principal neurons in cortical regions including the basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA) are innervated by several types of inhibitory cells, one of which expresses the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK) and the type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R). CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons may have a profound impact on amygdalar function by controlling its output. However, very little is known about their properties, and therefore their role in circuit operation cannot be predicted. To characterize the CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons in the BA, we combined in vitro electrophysiological recordings and neuroanatomical techniques in a transgenic mouse that expresses DsRed fluorescent protein under the control of the CCK promoter. We found that the majority of CCK/CB1R-positive interneurons expressed either the type 3 vesicular glutamate transporter (VGluT3) or the Ca2+ binding protein calbindin (Calb). VGluT3+ CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons targeted the soma of principal neurons more often than Calb+ CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons, but the dendritic morphology and membrane properties of these two neurochemically distinct interneuron types were not significantly different. The results of paired recordings showed that the unitary IPSC properties of VGluT3+ or Calb+ CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons recorded in principal neurons were indistinguishable. We verified that endocannabinoids at the output synapses of CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons could potently reduce the unitary IPSC magnitude. In summary, independent of the neurochemical content, CCK/CB1R-expressing interneurons have similar physiological and morphological properties, providing an endocannabinoid-sensitive synaptic inhibition onto the amygdalar principal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rovira-Esteban
- Lendület Laboratory of Network Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Péterfi
- Lendület Laboratory of Network Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Vikór
- Lendület Laboratory of Network Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Máté
- Division of Medical Gene Technology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szabó
- Division of Medical Gene Technology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Hájos
- Lendület Laboratory of Network Neurophysiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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Rebola N, Carta M, Mulle C. Operation and plasticity of hippocampal CA3 circuits: implications for memory encoding. Nat Rev Neurosci 2017; 18:208-220. [DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2017.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Lapato AS, Szu JI, Hasselmann JPC, Khalaj AJ, Binder DK, Tiwari-Woodruff SK. Chronic demyelination-induced seizures. Neuroscience 2017; 346:409-422. [PMID: 28153692 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients are three to six times more likely to develop epilepsy compared to the rest of the population. Seizures are more common in patients with early onset or progressive forms of the disease and prognosticate rapid progression to disability and death. Gray matter atrophy, hippocampal lesions, interneuron loss, and elevated juxtacortical lesion burden have been identified in MS patients with seizures; however, translational studies aimed at elucidating the pathophysiological processes underlying MS epileptogenesis are limited. Here, we report that cuprizone-mediated chronically demyelinated (9-12weeks) mice exhibit marked changes to dorsal hippocampal electroencephalography (EEG) and evidence of overt seizure activity. Immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses within the hippocampal CA1 region revealed extensive demyelination, loss of parvalbumin (PV+) interneurons, widespread gliosis, and changes in aquaporin-4 (AQP4) expression. Our results suggest that chronically demyelinated mice are a valuable model with which we may begin to understand the mechanisms underlying demyelination-induced seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Lapato
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jenny I Szu
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jonathan P C Hasselmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Anna J Khalaj
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Devin K Binder
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Seema K Tiwari-Woodruff
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA; Center for Glial-Neuronal Interactions, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Anwar H, Li X, Bucher D, Nadim F. Functional roles of short-term synaptic plasticity with an emphasis on inhibition. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 43:71-78. [PMID: 28122326 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Almost all synapses show activity-dependent dynamic changes in efficacy. Numerous studies have explored the mechanisms underlying different forms of short-term synaptic plasticity (STP), but the functional role of STP for circuit output and animal behavior is less understood. This is particularly true for inhibitory synapses that can play widely varied roles in circuit activity. We review recent findings on the role of synaptic STP in sensory, pattern generating, thalamocortical, and hippocampal networks, with a focus on synaptic inhibition. These studies show a variety of functions including sensory adaptation and gating, dynamic gain control and rhythm generation. Because experimental manipulations of STP are difficult and nonspecific, a clear demonstration of STP function often requires a combination of experimental and computational techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon Anwar
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Xinping Li
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Dirk Bucher
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Farzan Nadim
- Federated Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology and Rutgers University, 323 Martin Luther King Blvd, Newark, NJ 07102, United States.
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Synapsin II Regulation of GABAergic Synaptic Transmission Is Dependent on Interneuron Subtype. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1757-1771. [PMID: 28087765 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0844-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapsins are epilepsy susceptibility genes that encode phosphoproteins reversibly associated with synaptic vesicles. Synapsin II (SynII) gene deletion produces a deficit in inhibitory synaptic transmission, and this defect is thought to cause epileptic activity. We systematically investigated how SynII affects synchronous and asynchronous release components of inhibitory transmission in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. We found that the asynchronous GABAergic release component is diminished in SynII-deleted (SynII(-)) slices. To investigate this defect at different interneuron subtypes, we selectively blocked either N-type or P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. SynII deletion suppressed the asynchronous release component at synapses dependent on N-type Ca2+ channels but not at synapses dependent on P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. We then performed paired double-patch recordings from inhibitory basket interneurons connected to pyramidal neurons and used cluster analysis to classify interneurons according to their spiking and synaptic parameters. We identified two cell subtypes, presumably parvalbumin (PV) and cholecystokinin (CCK) expressing basket interneurons. To validate our interneuron classification, we took advantage of transgenic animals with fluorescently labeled PV interneurons and confirmed that their spiking and synaptic parameters matched the parameters of presumed PV cells identified by the cluster analysis. The analysis of the release time course at the two interneuron subtypes demonstrated that the asynchronous release component was selectively reduced at SynII(-) CCK interneurons. In contrast, the transmission was desynchronized at SynII(-) PV interneurons. Together, our results demonstrate that SynII regulates the time course of GABAergic release, and that this SynII function is dependent on the interneuron subtype.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Deletion of the neuronal protein synapsin II (SynII) leads to the development of epilepsy, probably due to impairments in inhibitory synaptic transmission. We systematically investigated SynII function at different subtypes of inhibitory neurons in the hippocampus. We discovered that SynII affects the time course of GABA release, and that this effect is interneuron subtype specific. Within one of the subtypes, SynII deficiency synchronizes the release and suppresses the asynchronous release component, while at the other subtype SynII deficiency suppresses the synchronous release component. These results reveal a new SynII function in the regulation of the time course of GABA release and demonstrate that this function is dependent on the interneuron subtype.
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Synaptic Reorganization of the Perisomatic Inhibitory Network in Hippocampi of Temporal Lobe Epileptic Patients. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:7154295. [PMID: 28116310 PMCID: PMC5237728 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7154295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
GABAergic inhibition and particularly perisomatic inhibition play a crucial role in controlling the firing properties of large principal cell populations. Furthermore, GABAergic network is a key element in the therapy attempting to reduce epileptic activity. Here, we present a review showing the synaptic changes of perisomatic inhibitory neuronal subtypes in the hippocampus of temporal lobe epileptic patients, including parvalbumin- (PV-) containing and cannabinoid Type 1 (CB1) receptor-expressing (and mainly cholecystokinin-positive) perisomatic inhibitory cells, known to control hippocampal synchronies. We have examined the synaptic input of principal cells in the dentate gyrus and Cornu Ammonis region in human control and epileptic hippocampi. Perisomatic inhibitory terminals establishing symmetric synapses were found to be sprouted in the dentate gyrus. Preservation of perisomatic input was found in the Cornu Ammonis 1 and Cornu Ammonis 2 regions, as long as pyramidal cells are present. Higher density of CB1-immunostained terminals was found in the epileptic hippocampus of sclerotic patients, especially in the dentate gyrus. We concluded that both types of (PV- and GABAergic CB1-containing) perisomatic inhibitory cells are mainly preserved or showed sprouting in epileptic samples. The enhanced perisomatic inhibitory signaling may increase principal cell synchronization and contribute to generation of epileptic seizures and interictal spikes.
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Benito N, Martín-Vázquez G, Makarova J, Makarov VA, Herreras O. The right hippocampus leads the bilateral integration of gamma-parsed lateralized information. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27599221 PMCID: PMC5050016 DOI: 10.7554/elife.16658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is unclear whether the two hippocampal lobes convey similar or different activities and how they cooperate. Spatial discrimination of electric fields in anesthetized rats allowed us to compare the pathway-specific field potentials corresponding to the gamma-paced CA3 output (CA1 Schaffer potentials) and CA3 somatic inhibition within and between sides. Bilateral excitatory Schaffer gamma waves are generally larger and lead from the right hemisphere with only moderate covariation of amplitude, and drive CA1 pyramidal units more strongly than unilateral waves. CA3 waves lock to the ipsilateral Schaffer potentials, although bilateral coherence was weak. Notably, Schaffer activity may run laterally, as seen after the disruption of the connecting pathways. Thus, asymmetric operations promote the entrainment of CA3-autonomous gamma oscillators bilaterally, synchronizing lateralized gamma strings to converge optimally on CA1 targets. The findings support the view that interhippocampal connections integrate different aspects of information that flow through the left and right lobes. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16658.001 In humans and other backboned animals, the brain is divided into the left and right hemispheres, which are connected by several large bundles of nerve fibers. Thanks to these fiber tracts, sensory information from each side of the body can reach both sides of the brain. However, although many areas of the brain work with a counterpart on the opposite hemisphere to process this sensory information, they do not necessarily perform the same tasks, or perform them at the same time as their partner. The hippocampus is a brain region that helps to support navigation, to detect novelty, and to produce memories. In fact, our brains contain two hippocampi – one in each hemisphere. Previous studies of the hippocampus have tended to record from only one side of the brain. Benito, Martín-Vázquez, Makarova et al. now compare the activity of the left and right hippocampi, and consider how the two structures might work together. Recordings of the electrical activity of the hippocampi of anesthetized rats show that different groups of neurons fire in rhythmic sequence, forming waves called gamma waves. Successive waves have different amplitudes, and can be thought to form ‘strings’. The recordings made by Benito et al. show that the two hippocampi produce parallel strings of waves, although the waves that originate in the right hemisphere are generally larger than those that originate in the left. Right-hemisphere waves also tend to begin slightly earlier than their left-hemisphere counterparts. Further experiments revealed that disrupting the fiber tracts between the hemispheres uncouples the waves that no longer occur at the same time, and the strings of waves may remain constrained to one side of the brain. In healthy animals, however, the right-hand dominance acts as a master-slave device, and makes the waves from the two hemispheres pair up and merge in the neurons that receive them both. Thus the information running in both hippocampi can be integrated or compared before sending to the cortex for task execution or storage. Overall, the findings reported by Benito et al. suggest that different types of information flow through the left and right hemispheres, and that the brain integrates these two streams using asymmetric connections. The next challenge is to identify how the information in the two streams differs: whether each stream reflects different sensory stimuli, different features of a scene, or the difference between recalled and perceived information. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.16658.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Benito
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Julia Makarova
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain.,N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Valeri A Makarov
- N.I. Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.,Department of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Oscar Herreras
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute - CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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Wester JC. Reverse engineering inhibitory circuits in hippocampal CA3. J Physiol 2016; 594:3485-6. [DOI: 10.1113/jp272620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason C. Wester
- Program in Developmental Neurobiology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda MD 20892 USA
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