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Jevtovic F, Claiborne A, Biagioni EM, Collier DN, DeVente JE, Mouro S, Kaneko-Tarui T, O-Tierney-Ginn PF, Goodyear LJ, Houmard JA, Broskey NT, May LE. Paternal obesity decreases infant MSC mitochondrial functional capacity. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2024; 327:E441-E448. [PMID: 39140975 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00239.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Besides the well-recognized influence of maternal health on fetal in utero development, recent epidemiological studies appoint paternal preconception metabolic health as a significant factor in shaping fetal metabolic programming and subsequently offspring metabolic health; however, mechanisms behind these adaptations remain confined to animal models. To elucidate the effects of paternal obesity (P-OB) on infant metabolism in humans, we examined mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which give rise to infant tissue, remain involved in mature tissue maintenance, and resemble the phenotype of the offspring donor. Here, we assessed mitochondrial functional capacity, content, and insulin action in MSC from infants of fathers with overweight [body mass index (BMI: 25-30 kg/m2); paternal overweight (P-OW)] or obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2; P-OB) while controlling for maternal intrauterine environment. Compared with P-OW, infant MSCs in the P-OB group had lower intact cell respiration, OXPHOS, and electron transport system capacity, independent of any changes in mitochondrial content. Furthermore, glucose handling, insulin action, lipid content, and oxidation were similar between groups. Importantly, infants in the P-OB group had a greater weight-to-length ratio, which could be in part due to changes in MSC metabolic functioning, which precedes and, therefore, influences infant growth trajectories. These data suggest that P-OB negatively influences infant MSC mitochondria. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03838146.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Paternal obesity decreases infant mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) basal and maximal respiration. Lower OXPHOS and electron transport system capacity could be explained by lower complex I and IV respiratory capacity but not changes in OXPHOS expression in infant MSC from fathers with obesity. Paternal obesity and altered MSC mitochondrial functional capacity are associated with a greater infant weight-to-length ratio at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Ericka M Biagioni
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - David N Collier
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - James E DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Steven Mouro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Tomoko Kaneko-Tarui
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University, Boston Massachusetts, United States
| | - Perrie F O-Tierney-Ginn
- Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tufts University, Boston Massachusetts, United States
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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Jevtovic F, Zheng D, Claiborne A, Biagioni EM, Wisseman BL, Krassovskaia PM, Collier DN, Isler C, DeVente JE, Neufer PD, Houmard JA, May LE. Effects of maternal exercise on infant mesenchymal stem cell mitochondrial function, insulin action, and body composition in infancy. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16028. [PMID: 38684442 PMCID: PMC11058002 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) has been established as a useful non-pharmacological intervention to improve infant metabolic health; however, mechanistic insight behind these adaptations remains mostly confined to animal models. Infant mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) give rise to infant tissues (e.g., skeletal muscle), and remain involved in mature tissue maintenance. Importantly, these cells maintain metabolic characteristics of an offspring donor and provide a model for the investigation of mechanisms behind infant metabolic health improvements. We used undifferentiated MSC to investigate if ME affects infant MSC mitochondrial function and insulin action, and if these adaptations are associated with lower infant adiposity. We found that infants from exercising mothers have improvements in MSC insulin signaling related to higher MSC respiration and fat oxidation, and expression and activation of energy-sensing and redox-sensitive proteins. Further, we found that infants exposed to exercise in utero were leaner at 1 month of age, with a significant inverse correlation between infant MSC respiration and infant adiposity at 6 months of age. These data suggest that infants from exercising mothers are relatively leaner, and this is associated with higher infant MSC mitochondrial respiration, fat use, and insulin action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Alex Claiborne
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Ericka M. Biagioni
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Breanna L. Wisseman
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Polina M. Krassovskaia
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - David N. Collier
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Pediatrics, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - James E. DeVente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - P. Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Joseph A. Houmard
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Linda E. May
- Department of KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Human Performance LaboratoryEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity InstituteEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brody School of MedicineEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNorth CarolinaUSA
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Xu J, Li C, Kang X. The epigenetic regulatory effect of histone acetylation and deacetylation on skeletal muscle metabolism-a review. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1267456. [PMID: 38148899 PMCID: PMC10749939 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1267456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles, the largest organ responsible for energy metabolism in most mammals, play a vital role in maintaining the body's homeostasis. Epigenetic modification, specifically histone acetylation, serves as a crucial regulatory mechanism influencing the physiological processes and metabolic patterns within skeletal muscle metabolism. The intricate process of histone acetylation modification involves coordinated control of histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase levels, dynamically modulating histone acetylation levels, and precisely regulating the expression of genes associated with skeletal muscle metabolism. Consequently, this comprehensive review aims to elucidate the epigenetic regulatory impact of histone acetylation modification on skeletal muscle metabolism, providing invaluable insights into the intricate molecular mechanisms governing epigenetic modifications in skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xiaolong Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Ding L, Liu J, Zhou L, Xiao X. Maternal Exercise Impacts Offspring Metabolic Health in Adulthood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Animal Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:2793. [PMID: 37375697 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal exercise benefits offspring's metabolic health with long-term repercussions. Here, we systematically reviewed the effects of maternal exercise on offspring obesity outcomes in adulthood. The primary outcome is body weight. The secondary outcomes are glucose and lipid profiles. Two independent authors performed a search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science. A total of nine studies with 17 different cohorts consisting of 369 animals (two species) were included. Study quality was assessed using the SYRCLE risk of bias. The PRISMA statement was used to report this systematic review. The results showed that maternal exercise contributes to improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin concentration, and lower total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels in adult offspring in mice, which are independent of maternal body weight and offspring dietary condition. Additionally, in rats, maternal exercise leads to a higher body weight in adult offspring, which might be attributed to the high-fat diet of offspring after weaning. These findings further support the metabolic beneficial role of maternal exercise on offspring in adulthood, although the issue of translating the results to the human population is still yet to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
- Department of Medical Research Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Liyuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Xinhua Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Diabetes Research Center of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Xin-Hua Xiao, No. 1 Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing Street, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100730, China
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Maternal training during lactation modifies breast milk fatty acid composition and male offspring glucose homeostasis in rat. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159223. [PMID: 35987325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal exposome can modify offspring metabolism and health later in life. Within this concept, maternal exercise during gestation has been reported modifying offspring glucose sensing and homeostasis, while the impact of such exercise during lactation is little-known. We thus aimed at evaluating short- and long-term effects of it on offspring pancreatic function, assuming a link with changes in breast milk composition. Fifteen-week-old primiparous female Wistar rats exercised during lactation at a constant submaximal intensity (TR) or remained sedentary (CT). Male offspring were studied at weaning and at 7 months of age for growth, pancreas weight, glycemia and insulin responses. Milk protein content was determined by the bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA colorimetric method), and lipid content and fatty acid composition by gas chromatography. Mature milk from TR rats contained significantly less saturated (-7 %) and more monounsaturated (+18 %) and polyunsaturated (PUFA +12 %) fatty acids compared to CT rats, with no difference in total lipid and protein concentrations. In offspring from TR vs CT mothers, fasting glycemia was lower, pancreas weight was higher with a lower insulin content (-37 %) at weaning. Such outcomes were correlated with milk PUFA levels and indices of desaturase or elongase activities. These effects were no longer present at 7 months, whereas a more efficient muscle insulin sensitivity was observed. Maternal training during lactation led to a specific milk phenotype that was associated with a short-term impact on glucose homeostasis and pancreatic function of the male offspring.
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Zhang S, Wei Y, Wang C. Impacts of an Exercise Intervention on the Health of Pancreatic Beta-Cells: A Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19127229. [PMID: 35742478 PMCID: PMC9223540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19127229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing consensus that exercise is a medicine and that regular exercise can effectively improve and prevent metabolic diseases such as diabetes. Islet cells are the endocrine of the pancreas and vital to the development of diabetes. Decades of developmental research in exercise intervention and the health of islet cells confirmed that exercise exerts beneficial effects on the function, proliferation, and survival rate of islet cells. However, the precise exercise reference scheme is still elusive. To accomplish this goal, we searched and analyzed relevant articles, and concluded the precise exercise prescription treatments for various species such as humans, rats, and mice. Each exercise protocol is shown in the tables below. These exercise protocols form a rich pipeline of therapeutic development for exercise on the health of islet cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Shanghai Sport, Shanghai 200238, China
| | - Yaru Wei
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chunxiao Wang
- Department of Sports Science, University of Harbin Sport, Harbin 150008, China; (S.Z.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence:
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Chae SA, Son JS, Zhao L, Gao Y, Liu X, Marie de Avila J, Zhu MJ, Du M. Exerkine apelin reverses obesity-associated placental dysfunction by accelerating mitochondrial biogenesis in mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2022; 322:E467-E479. [PMID: 35403440 PMCID: PMC9126223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maternal exercise (ME) protects against adverse effects of maternal obesity (MO) on fetal development. As a cytokine stimulated by exercise, apelin (APN) is elevated due to ME, but its roles in mediating the effects of ME on placental development remain to be defined. Two studies were conducted. In the first study, 18 female mice were assigned to control (CON), obesogenic diet (OB), or OB with exercise (OB/Ex) groups (n = 6); in the second study, the same number of female mice were assigned to three groups; CON with PBS injection (CD/PBS), OB/PBS, or OB with apelin injection (OB/APN). In the exercise study, daily treadmill exercise during pregnancy significantly elevated the expression of PR domain 16 (PRDM16; P < 0.001), which correlated with enhanced oxidative metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in the placenta (P < 0.05). More importantly, these changes were partially mirrored in the apelin study. Apelin administration upregulated PRDM16 protein level (P < 0.001), mitochondrial biogenesis (P < 0.05), placental nutrient transporter expression (P < 0.001), and placental vascularization (P < 0.01), which were impaired due to MO (P < 0.05). In summary, MO impairs oxidative phosphorylation in the placenta, which is improved by ME; apelin administration partially mimics the beneficial effects of exercise on improving placental function, which prevents placental dysfunction due to MO.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal exercise prevents metabolic disorders of mothers and offspring induced by high-fat diet. Exercise intervention enhances PRDM16 activation, oxidative metabolism, and vascularization of placenta, which are inhibited due to maternal obesity. Similar to maternal exercise, apelin administration improves placental function of obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Ah Chae
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jun Seok Son
- Laboratory of Perinatal Kinesioepigenetics, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology & Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Liang Zhao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Yao Gao
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Jeanene Marie de Avila
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Min Du
- Nutrigenomics and Growth Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Gestational Exercise Increases Male Offspring's Maximal Workload Capacity Early in Life. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073916. [PMID: 35409278 PMCID: PMC8999565 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mothers’ antenatal strategies to improve the intrauterine environment can positively decrease pregnancy-derived intercurrences. By challenging the mother–fetus unit, gestational exercise (GE) favorably modulates deleterious stimuli, such as high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet-induced adverse consequences for offspring. We aimed to analyze whether GE alters maternal HFHS-consumption effects on male offspring’s maximal workload performance (MWP) and in some skeletal muscle (the soleus—SOL and the tibialis anterior—TA) biomarkers associated with mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative fitness. Infant male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into experimental groups according to mothers’ dietary and/or exercise conditions: offspring of sedentary control diet-fed or HFHS-fed mothers (C–S or HFHS–S, respectively) and of exercised HFHS-fed mothers (HFHS–E). Although maternal HFHS did not significantly alter MWP, offspring from GE dams exhibited increased MWP. Lower SOL AMPk levels in HFHS–S were reverted by GE. SOL PGC-1α, OXPHOS C-I and C-IV subunits remained unaltered by maternal diet, although increased in HFHS–E offspring. Additionally, GE prevented maternal diet-related SOL miR-378a overexpression, while upregulated miR-34a expression. Decreased TA C-IV subunit expression in HFHS–S was reverted in HFHS–E, concomitantly with the downregulation of miR-338. In conclusion, GE in HFHS-fed dams increases the offspring’s MWP, which seems to be associated with the intrauterine modulation of SM mitochondrial density and functional markers.
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Stevanović-Silva J, Beleza J, Coxito P, Costa RC, Ascensão A, Magalhães J. Fit mothers for a healthy future: Breaking the intergenerational cycle of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with maternal exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 2022; 52:e13596. [PMID: 34120338 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED SPECIAL ISSUE: 'FOIEGRAS-Bioenergetic Remodelling in the Pathophysiology and Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease'. BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) emerges as significant health burden worldwide. Lifestyle changes, unhealthy dietary habits and physical inactivity, can trigger NAFLD development. Persisting on these habits during pregnancy affects in utero environment and prompts a specific metabolic response in foetus resulting in offspring metabolic maladjustments potentially critical for developing NAFLD later in life. The increasing prevalence of NAFLD, particularly in children, has shifted the research focus towards preventive and therapeutic strategies. Yet, designing effective approaches that can break the NAFLD intergenerational cycle becomes even more complicated. Regular physical exercise (PE) is a powerful non-pharmacological strategy known to counteract deleterious metabolic outcomes. In this narrative review, we aimed to briefly describe NAFLD pathogenesis focusing on maternal nutritional challenge and foetal programming, and to provide potential mechanisms behind the putative intergenerational effect of PE against metabolic diseases, including liver diseases. METHODS Following detailed electronic database search, recent existing evidence about NAFLD development, intergenerational programming and gestational exercise effects was critically analysed and discussed. RESULTS PE during pregnancy could have a great potential to counteract intergenerational transmission of metabolic burden. The interplay between different PE roles-metabolic, endocrine and epigenetic-could offer a more stable in utero environment to the foetus, thus rescuing offspring vulnerability to metabolic disturbances. CONCLUSIONS The better understanding of maternal PE beneficial consequences on offspring metabolism could reinforce the importance of PE during pregnancy as an indispensable strategy in improving offspring health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Carlos Costa
- Department of Communication and Art, Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture (ID+), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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César H, Sertorio MN, de Souza EA, Jamar G, Santamarina A, Jucá A, Casagrande BP, Pisani LP. Parental high-fat high-sugar diet programming and hypothalamus adipose tissue axis in male Wistar rats. Eur J Nutr 2021; 61:523-537. [PMID: 34657184 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-021-02690-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Maternal nutrition during early development and paternal nutrition pre-conception can programme offspring health status. Hypothalamus adipose axis is a target of developmental programming, and paternal and maternal high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFS) may be an important factor that predisposes offspring to develop obesity later in life. This study aims to investigate Wistar rats' maternal and paternal HFS differential contribution on the development, adiposity, and hypothalamic inflammation in male offspring from weaning until adulthood. METHODS Male progenitors were fed a control diet (CD) or HFS for 10 weeks before mating. After mating, dams were fed CD or HFS only during pregnancy and lactation. Forming the following male offspring groups: CD-maternal and paternal CD; MH-maternal HFS and paternal CD; PH-maternal CD and paternal HFS; PMH-maternal and paternal HFS. After weaning, male offspring were fed CD until adulthood. RESULTS Maternal HFS diet increased weight, visceral adiposity, and serum total cholesterol levels, and decreased hypothalamic weight in weanling male rats. In adult male offspring, maternal HFS increased weight, glucose levels, and hypothalamic NFκBp65. Paternal HFS diet lowered hypothalamic insulin receptor levels in weanling offspring and glucose and insulin levels in adult offspring. The combined effects of maternal and paternal HFS diets increased triacylglycerol, leptin levels, and hypothalamic inflammation in weanling rats, and increased visceral adiposity in adulthood. CONCLUSION Male offspring intake of CD diet after weaning reversed part of the effects of parental HFS diet during the perinatal period. However, maternal and paternal HFS diet affected adiposity and hypothalamic inflammation, which remained until adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena César
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-UNIFESP, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Esther Alves de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Giovana Jamar
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136. Laboratório 311, 3° andar, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Aline Santamarina
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136. Laboratório 311, 3° andar, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Andrea Jucá
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136. Laboratório 311, 3° andar, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Breno Picin Casagrande
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136. Laboratório 311, 3° andar, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil
| | - Luciana Pellegrini Pisani
- Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Silva Jardim, 136. Laboratório 311, 3° andar, Vila Mathias, Santos, SP, 11015-020, Brazil.
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Beleza J, Stevanović-Silva J, Coxito P, Costa RC, Ascensão A, Torrella JR, Magalhães J. Building-up fit muscles for the future: Transgenerational programming of skeletal muscle through physical exercise. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13515. [PMID: 33580562 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
'Special issue - In Utero and Early Life Programming of Aging and Disease'. Skeletal muscle (SM) adaptations to physical exercise (PE) have been extensively studied due, not only to the relevance of its in situ plasticity, but also to the SM endocrine-like effects in noncontractile tissues, such as brain, liver or adipocytes. Regular PE has been considered a pleiotropic nonpharmacological strategy to prevent and counteract the deleterious consequences of several metabolic, cardiovascular, oncological and neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, PE performed by parents seems to have a direct impact in the offspring through the transgenerational programming of different tissues, such as SM. In fact, SM offspring programming mechanisms seems to be orchestrated, at least in part, by epigenetic machinery conditioning transcriptional or post-transcriptional processes. Ultimately, PE performed in the early in life is also a critical window of opportunity to positively modulate the juvenile and adult phenotype. Parental PE has a positive impact in several health-related offspring outcomes, such as SM metabolism, differentiation, morphology and ultimately in offspring exercise volition and endurance. Also, early-life PE counteracts conceptional-related adverse effects and induces long-lasting healthy benefits throughout adulthood. Additionally, epigenetics mechanisms seem to play a key role in the PE-induced SM adaptations. Despite the undoubtedly positive role of parental and early-life PE on SM phenotype, a strong research effort is still needed to better understand the mechanisms that positively regulate PE-induced SM programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Beleza
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jelena Stevanović-Silva
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coxito
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Carlos Costa
- Department of Communication and Art, Research Institute for Design, Media and Culture (ID+), Aveiro University, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - António Ascensão
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joan Ramon Torrella
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology & Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Magalhães
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Faculty of Sport, Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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12
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Renzini A, Riera CS, Minic I, D’Ercole C, Lozanoska-Ochser B, Cedola A, Gigli G, Moresi V, Madaro L. Metabolic Remodeling in Skeletal Muscle Atrophy as a Therapeutic Target. Metabolites 2021; 11:517. [PMID: 34436458 PMCID: PMC8398298 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly responsive tissue, able to remodel its size and metabolism in response to external demand. Muscle fibers can vary from fast glycolytic to slow oxidative, and their frequency in a specific muscle is tightly regulated by fiber maturation, innervation, or external causes. Atrophic conditions, including aging, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and cancer-induced cachexia, differ in the causative factors and molecular signaling leading to muscle wasting; nevertheless, all of these conditions are characterized by metabolic remodeling, which contributes to the pathological progression of muscle atrophy. Here, we discuss how changes in muscle metabolism can be used as a therapeutic target and review the evidence in support of nutritional interventions and/or physical exercise as tools for counteracting muscle wasting in atrophic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Renzini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Carles Sánchez Riera
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Isidora Minic
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara D’Ercole
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Biliana Lozanoska-Ochser
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
| | - Viviana Moresi
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
- Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Madaro
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopaedics, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (C.S.R.); (I.M.); (C.D.); (B.L.-O.); (L.M.)
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13
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Sousa Neto I, Fontes W, Prestes J, Marqueti R. Impact of paternal exercise on physiological systems in the offspring. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13620. [PMID: 33606364 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A significant number of studies have demonstrated that paternal exercise modulates future generations via effects on the sperm epigenome. However, comprehensive information regarding the effects of exercise performed by the father on different tissues and their clinical relevance has not yet been explored in detail. This narrative review is focused on the effects of paternal exercise training on various physiological systems of offspring. A detailed mechanistic understanding of these effects could provide crucial clues for the exercise physiology field and aid the development of therapeutic approaches to mitigate disorders in future generations. Non-coding RNA and DNA methylation are major routes for transmitting epigenetic information from parents to offspring. Resistance and treadmill exercise are the most frequently used modalities of planned and structured exercise in controlled experiments. Paternal exercise orchestrated protective effects over changes in fetus development and placenta inflammatory status. Moreover paternal exercise promoted modifications in the ncRNA profiles, gene and protein expression in the hippocampus, left ventricle, skeletal muscle, tendon, liver and pancreas in the offspring, while the transgenerational effects are unknown. Paternal exercise demonstrates clinical benefits to the offspring and provides a warning on the harmful effects of a paternal unhealthy lifestyle. Exercise in fathers is presented as one of the most logical and cost-effective ways of restoring health in the offspring and, consequently, modifying the phenotype. It is important to consider that paternal programming might have unique significance in the developmental origins of offspring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Sousa Neto
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry Department of Cell Biology Institute of Biology Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Jonato Prestes
- Graduate Program on Physical Education Universidade Católica de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
| | - Rita Marqueti
- Laboratory of Molecular Analysis Graduate Program of Sciences and Technology of Health Faculdade de Ceilândia ‐ Universidade de Brasília Brasília Distrito Federal Brazil
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14
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Abstract
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Regular exercise is important for a healthy pregnancy and can lower the risk of developing GDM. For women with GDM, exercise is safe and can affect the pregnancy outcomes beneficially. A single exercise bout increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, minimizing hyperglycemia. Regular exercise training promotes mitochondrial biogenesis, improves oxidative capacity, enhances insulin sensitivity and vascular function, and reduces systemic inflammation. Exercise may also aid in lowering the insulin dose in insulin-treated pregnant women. Despite these benefits, women with GDM are usually inactive or have poor participation in exercise training. Attractive individualized exercise programs that will increase adherence and result in optimal maternal and offspring benefits are needed. However, as women with GDM have a unique physiology, more attention is required during exercise prescription. This review (i) summarizes the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations due to pregnancy and outlines the mechanisms through which exercise can improve glycemic control and overall health in insulin resistance states, (ii) presents the pathophysiological alterations induced by GDM that affect exercise responses, and (iii) highlights cardinal points of an exercise program for women with GDM.
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15
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Laker RC, Altıntaş A, Lillard TS, Zhang M, Connelly JJ, Sabik OL, Onengut S, Rich SS, Farber CR, Barrès R, Yan Z. Exercise during pregnancy mitigates negative effects of parental obesity on metabolic function in adult mouse offspring. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 130:605-616. [PMID: 33332990 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00641.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parental health influences embryonic development and susceptibility to disease in the offspring. We investigated whether maternal voluntary running during gestation could protect the offspring from the adverse effects of maternal or paternal high-fat diet (HF) in mice. We performed transcriptomic and whole-genome DNA methylation analyses in female offspring skeletal muscle and targeted DNA methylation analysis of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (Pgc-1α) promoter in both male and female adult offspring. Maternal HF resulted in impaired metabolic homeostasis in male offspring at 9 mo of age, whereas both male and female offspring were negatively impacted by paternal HF. Maternal exercise during gestation completely mitigated these metabolic impairments. Female adult offspring from obese male or female parent had skeletal muscle transcriptional profiles enriched in genes regulating inflammation and immune responses, whereas maternal exercise resulted in a transcriptional profile similar to offspring from normal chow (NC)-fed parents. Maternal HF, but not paternal HF, resulted in hypermethylation of the Pgc-1α promoter at CpG-260, which was abolished by maternal exercise. These findings demonstrate the negative consequences of maternal and paternal HF for the offspring's metabolic outcomes later in life possibly through different epigenetic mechanisms, and maternal exercise during gestation mitigates the negative consequences.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maternal or paternal obesity causes metabolic impairment in adult offspring in mice. Maternal exercise during gestation can completely mitigate metabolic impairment. Maternal obesity, but not paternal obesity, results in hypermethylation of the Pgc-1α promoter at CpG-260, which can be abolished by maternal exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna C Laker
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Travis S Lillard
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mei Zhang
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Jessica J Connelly
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Olivia L Sabik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Suna Onengut
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charles R Farber
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zhen Yan
- Center for Skeletal Muscle Research at Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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16
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Kusuyama J, Alves-Wagner AB, Makarewicz NS, Goodyear LJ. Effects of maternal and paternal exercise on offspring metabolism. Nat Metab 2020; 2:858-872. [PMID: 32929233 PMCID: PMC7643050 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-00274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Maternal and paternal obesity and type 2 diabetes are recognized risk factors for the development of metabolic dysfunction in offspring, even when the offspring follow a healthful lifestyle. Multiple studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity in mothers and fathers has striking beneficial effects on offspring health, including preventing the development of metabolic disease in rodent offspring as they age. Here, we review the benefits of maternal and paternal exercise in combating the development of metabolic dysfunction in adult offspring, focusing on offspring glucose homeostasis and adaptations to metabolic tissues. We discuss recent findings regarding the roles of the placenta and sperm in mediating the effects of parental exercise on offspring metabolic health, as well as the mechanisms hypothesized to underlie these beneficial changes. Given the worldwide epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes, if these findings translate to humans, regular exercise during the reproductive years might limit the vicious cycles in which increased metabolic risk propagates across generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joji Kusuyama
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Barbara Alves-Wagner
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan S Makarewicz
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laurie J Goodyear
- Integrative Physiology and Metabolism Section, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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17
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Muhlhausler BS. Fighting the intergenerational cycle of obesity with maternal exercise. J Physiol 2020; 598:4147-4148. [PMID: 32749706 DOI: 10.1113/jp280331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Beverly S Muhlhausler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Kintore Avenue, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia.,School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005
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