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Uhlemeyer C, Müller N, Grieß K, Wessel C, Schlegel C, Kuboth J, Belgardt BF. ATM and P53 differentially regulate pancreatic beta cell survival in Ins1E cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237669. [PMID: 32810137 PMCID: PMC7437460 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell death is a hallmark of type 1 and 2 diabetes (T1D/T2D), but the underlying molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. Key proteins of the DNA damage response (DDR), including tumor protein P53 (P53, also known as TP53 or TRP53 in rodents) and Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), a kinase known to act upstream of P53, have been associated with T2D. Here we test and compare the effect of ATM and P53 ablation on beta cell survival in the rat beta cell line Ins1E. We demonstrate that ATM and P53 differentially regulate beta cell apoptosis induced upon fundamentally different types of diabetogenic beta cell stress, including DNA damage, inflammation, lipotoxicity and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. DNA damage induced apoptosis by treatment with the commonly used diabetogenic agent streptozotocin (STZ) is regulated by both ATM and P53. We show that ATM is a key STZ induced activator of P53 and that amelioration of STZ induced cell death by inhibition of ATM mainly depends on P53. While both P53 and ATM control lipotoxic beta cell apoptosis, ATM but not P53 fails to alter inflammatory beta cell death. In contrast, tunicamycin induced (ER stress associated) apoptosis is further increased by ATM knockdown or inhibition, but not by P53 knockdown. Our results reveal differential roles for P53 and ATM in beta cell survival in vitro in the context of four key pathophysiological types of diabetogenic beta cell stress, and indicate that ATM can use P53 independent signaling pathways to modify beta cell survival, dependent on the cellular insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Uhlemeyer
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nadine Müller
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Grieß
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Corinna Wessel
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Caroline Schlegel
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kuboth
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Bengt-Frederik Belgardt
- Institute for Vascular and Islet Cell Biology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Neuherberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Differential influence of tacrolimus and sirolimus on mitochondrial-dependent signaling for apoptosis in pancreatic cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 418:91-102. [PMID: 27344165 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2736-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To examine and compare the mitochondria-related cellular mechanisms by which tacrolimus (TAC) or sirolimus (SIR) immunosuppressive drugs alter the pancreatic exocrine and endocrine β-cell fate. Human exocrine PANC-1 and rat endocrine insulin-secreting RIN-m5F cells and isolated rat islets were submitted to 1-100 nM TAC or SIR. In cultures, insulin secretion was measured as endocrine cell function marker. Apoptosis was quantified by annexin 5 and propidium iodide staining. Cleaved caspase-3, Bax apoptosis indicators, and p53, p21 cell cycle regulators were detected by Western blot. Cell cycle and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were analyzed by flow cytometry and SA-beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity by fluorescence microscopy. Only TAC reduced insulin secretion by RIN-m5F after 24 h. TAC and SIR promoted moderate apoptosis in both PANC-1 and RIN-m5F after 24 h. Apoptosis was associated with up-regulated Bax (threefold) and cleaved caspase-3 (fivefold) but only in PANC-1, while p53 and p21 were up-regulated (twofold) in both cell lines. ΔΨm was impaired only in PANC-1 by TAC and SIR. Only SIR prompted cell cycle arrest in both cell lines. The induction of a premature senescence-like phenotype was confirmed in isolated islets by SA-β-gal activity. TAC and SIR are early inducers of pancreatic cell dysfunction and apoptosis but differentially alter endocrine and exocrine cells via mitochondrial-driven pathways. In rat islets, TAC and SIR prompt a senescence-like phenotype.
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Takemoto K, Doi W, Masuoka N. Protective effect of vitamin E against alloxan-induced mouse hyperglycemia. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:647-650. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Takemoto K, Doi W, Kataoka K, Ishihara K, Wang DH, Sugiyama H, Masuoka N. Insulin Release from the Beta Cells in Acatalasemic Mice Is Highly Susceptible to Alloxan-Induced Oxidative Stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/jdm.2015.52010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Inhibition of p53 preserves Parkin-mediated mitophagy and pancreatic β-cell function in diabetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:3116-21. [PMID: 24516131 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318951111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial compromise is a fundamental contributor to pancreatic β-cell failure in diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated a broader role for tumor suppressor p53 that extends to the modulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. However, the role of islet p53 in glucose homeostasis has not yet been evaluated. Here we show that p53 deficiency protects against the development of diabetes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 and db/db mouse models of type 2 diabetes. Glucolipotoxicity stimulates NADPH oxidase via receptor for advanced-glycation end products and Toll-like receptor 4. This oxidative stress induces the accumulation of p53 in the cytosolic compartment of pancreatic β-cells in concert with endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cytosolic p53 disturbs the process of mitophagy through an inhibitory interaction with Parkin and induces mitochondrial dysfunction. The occurrence of mitophagy is maintained in STZ-treated p53(-/-) mice that exhibit preserved glucose oxidation capacity and subsequent insulin secretion signaling, leading to better glucose tolerance. These protective effects are not observed when Parkin is deleted. Furthermore, pifithrin-α, a specific inhibitor of p53, ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and glucose intolerance in both STZ-treated and db/db mice. Thus, an intervention with cytosolic p53 for a mitophagy deficiency may be a therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
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Takemoto K, Doi W, Zukeran A, Inoue J, Ishihara K, Masuoka N. Effect of <i>Aspergillus awamori</i>-Fermented Burdock Root on Mouse Diabetes Induced by Alloxan—Prevention of Cell Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2014.516168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Park L, Min D, Kim H, Chung HY, Lee CH, Park IS, Kim Y, Park Y. Tat-enhanced delivery of metallothionein can partially prevent the development of diabetes. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 51:1666-74. [PMID: 21843632 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Revised: 07/18/2011] [Accepted: 07/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Metallothioneins (MTs) are intracellular low-molecular-weight, cysteine-rich proteins with potent metal-binding and redox functions, but with limited membrane permeativity. The aim of this study was to investigate whether we could enhance delivery of MT-1 to pancreatic islets or β cells in vitro and in vivo. The second goal was to determine whether increased MT-1 could prevent cellular toxicity induced by high glucose and free fatty acids in vitro (glucolipotoxicity) and ameliorate the development of diabetes induced by streptozotocin in mice or delay the development of diabetes by improving insulin secretion and resistance in the OLETF rat model of type 2 diabetes. Expression of HIV-1 Tat-MT-1 enabled efficient delivery of MT into both INS-1 cells and rat islets. Intracellular MT activity increased in parallel with the amount of protein delivered to cells. The formation of reactive oxygen species, glucolipotoxicity, and DNA fragmentation due to streptozotocin decreased after treating pancreatic β cells with Tat-MT in vitro. Importantly, in vivo, intraperitoneal injection resulted in delivery of the Tat-MT protein to the pancreas as well as liver, muscle, and white adipose tissues. Multiple injections increased radical-scavenging activity, decreased apoptosis, and reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pancreas. Treatment with Tat-MT fusion protein delayed the development of diabetes in streptozotocin-induced mice and improved insulin secretion and resistance in OLETF rats. These results suggest that in vivo transduction of Tat-MT may offer a new strategy to protect pancreatic β cells from glucolipotoxicity, may improve insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes, and may have a protective effect in preventing islet destruction in type 1 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/isolation & purification
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- Gene Transfer Techniques
- HIV-1/metabolism
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin Resistance
- Insulin Secretion
- Male
- Metallothionein/genetics
- Metallothionein/isolation & purification
- Metallothionein/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred ICR
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred OLETF
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Streptozocin
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Affiliation(s)
- Leejin Park
- Department of Internal Medicine and Bioengineering, College of Medicine and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 471-020, Korea
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Hinault C, Kawamori D, Liew CW, Maier B, Hu J, Keller SR, Mirmira RG, Scrable H, Kulkarni RN. Δ40 Isoform of p53 controls β-cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis in mice. Diabetes 2011; 60:1210-22. [PMID: 21357466 PMCID: PMC3064094 DOI: 10.2337/db09-1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Investigating the dynamics of pancreatic β-cell mass is critical for developing strategies to treat both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. p53, a key regulator of the cell cycle and apoptosis, has mostly been a focus of investigation as a tumor suppressor. Although p53 alternative transcripts can modulate p53 activity, their functions are not fully understood. We hypothesized that β-cell proliferation and glucose homeostasis were controlled by Δ40p53, a p53 isoform lacking the transactivation domain of the full-length protein that modulates total p53 activity and regulates organ size and life span in mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We phenotyped metabolic parameters in Δ40p53 transgenic (p44tg) mice and used quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry to examine β-cell proliferation. RESULTS Transgenic mice with an ectopic p53 gene encoding Δ40p53 developed hypoinsulinemia and glucose intolerance by 3 months of age, which worsened in older mice and led to overt diabetes and premature death from ∼14 months of age. Consistent with a dramatic decrease in β-cell mass and reduced β-cell proliferation, lower expression of cyclin D2 and pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1, two key regulators of proliferation, was observed, whereas expression of the cell cycle inhibitor p21, a p53 target gene, was increased. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate a significant and novel role for Δ40p53 in β-cell proliferation with implications for the development of age-dependent diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Hinault
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dan Kawamori
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bernhard Maier
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jiang Hu
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Raghavendra G. Mirmira
- Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Heidi Scrable
- Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rohit N. Kulkarni
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author: Rohit N. Kulkarni,
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Tavana O, Puebla-Osorio N, Sang M, Zhu C. Absence of p53-dependent apoptosis combined with nonhomologous end-joining deficiency leads to a severe diabetic phenotype in mice. Diabetes 2010; 59:135-42. [PMID: 19833883 PMCID: PMC2797914 DOI: 10.2337/db09-0792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Regulation of pancreatic beta-cell mass is essential to preserve sufficient insulin levels for the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Previously, we reported that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) resulting from nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) deficiency induce apoptosis and, when combined with p53 deficiency, progressed rapidly into lymphomagenesis in mice. Combination of NHEJ deficiency with a hypomorphic mutation, p53R172P, leads to the abrogation of apoptosis, upregulation of p21, and senescence in precursor lymphocytes. This was sufficient to prevent tumorigenesis. However, these mutant mice succumb to severe diabetes and die at an early age. The aim of this study was to determine the pathogenesis of diabetes in these mutant mice. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed the morphology of the pancreatic islets and the function, proliferation rate, and senescence of beta-cells. We also profiled DNA damage and p53 and p21 expression in the pancreas. RESULTS NHEJ-p53R172P mutant mice succumb to diabetes at 3-5 months of age. These mice show a progressive decrease in pancreatic islet mass that is independent of apoptosis and innate immunity. We observed an accumulation of DNA damage, accompanied with increased levels of p53 and p21, a significant decrease in beta-cell proliferation, and cellular senescence in the mutant pancreatic islets. CONCLUSIONS Combined DSBs with an absence of p53-dependent apoptosis activate p53-dependent senescence, which leads to a diminished beta-cell self-replication, massive depletion of the pancreatic islets, and severe diabetes. This is a model that connects impaired DNA repair and accumulative DNA damage, a common phenotype in aging individuals, to the onset of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Tavana
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Nahum Puebla-Osorio
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mei Sang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, Texas
- Corresponding author: Chengming Zhu,
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