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Taylor SF, Gu P, Simmonite M, Lasagna C, Tso IF, Lee TG, Vesia M, Hernandez-Garcia L. Lateral Prefrontal Stimulation of Active Cortex With Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Affects Subsequent Engagement of the Frontoparietal Network. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024; 9:235-244. [PMID: 37918508 PMCID: PMC10922157 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A critical unanswered question about therapeutic transcranial magnetic stimulation is what patients should do during treatment to optimize its effectiveness. Here, we address this lack of knowledge in healthy participants, testing the hypotheses that stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) while participants perform a working memory task will provide stronger effects on subsequent activation, perfusion, connectivity, and performance than stimulating resting dlPFC. METHODS After a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging session to localize dlPFC activation and the associated frontoparietal network (FPN) engaged by an n-back task, healthy participants (N = 40, 67.5% female) underwent 3 counterbalanced sessions, separated by several weeks, during which they received intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) followed by magnetic resonance imaging scans as follows: 1) iTBS to the dlPFC while resting passively (passive), 2) iTBS to the dlPFC while performing the n-back task (active), and 3) iTBS to a vertex site, while not engaged in the n-back task and resting passively (control). RESULTS We found no difference in n-back performance between the 3 conditions. However, FPN activation was reduced while performing the n-back task in the active condition relative to the passive and control conditions. There was no differential activity in the FPN on comparing passive with control conditions, i.e., there was no effect of the site of stimulation. We found no effects of state or site of stimulation on perfusion or connectivity with the dlPFC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the state of the brain while receiving iTBS affected FPN activation, possibly reflecting greater efficiency of FPN network activation when participants were stimulated while engaging the FPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan F Taylor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Pan Gu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Molly Simmonite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Carly Lasagna
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ivy F Tso
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Taraz G Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Bologna M, Valls-Solè J, Kamble N, Pal PK, Conte A, Guerra A, Belvisi D, Berardelli A. Dystonia, chorea, hemiballismus and other dyskinesias. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 140:110-125. [PMID: 35785630 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hyperkinesias are heterogeneous involuntary movements that significantly differ in terms of clinical and semeiological manifestations, including rhythm, regularity, speed, duration, and other factors that determine their appearance or suppression. Hyperkinesias are due to complex, variable, and largely undefined pathophysiological mechanisms that may involve different brain areas. In this chapter, we specifically focus on dystonia, chorea and hemiballismus, and other dyskinesias, specifically, levodopa-induced, tardive, and cranial dyskinesia. We address the role of neurophysiological studies aimed at explaining the pathophysiology of these conditions. We mainly refer to human studies using surface and invasive in-depth recordings, as well as spinal, brainstem, and transcortical reflexology and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques. We discuss the extent to which the neurophysiological abnormalities observed in hyperkinesias may be explained by pathophysiological models. We highlight the most relevant issues that deserve future research efforts. The potential role of neurophysiological assessment in the clinical context of hyperkinesia is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bologna
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Josep Valls-Solè
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi I Sunyer, Villarroel, 170, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health & Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, India
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | | | - Daniele Belvisi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Depotentiation of associative plasticity is intact in Parkinson's disease with mild dyskinesia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2022; 99:16-22. [PMID: 35569298 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depotentiation of homosynaptic plasticity of the primary motor cortex (M1) is impaired in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) who have developed dyskinesias. In this exploratory study, we tested whether this holds true for heterosynaptic plasticity induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS). METHODS Dyskinetic (n=11) and Non-dyskinetic (n=11), levodopa-treated PD patients were tested in M1 with PAS25ms alone, PAS25ms preceded by continuous theta-burst stimulation of the cerebellum (cTBSCB-PAS) as a method to evoke a larger plastic response in M1, and each of these two interventions followed by a depotentiation protocol (cTBS150pulses) to M1. RESULTS PAS25ms and cTBSCB-PAS25ms induced long-term potentiation (LTP)-like responses in both groups of PD patients, with cTBSCB significantly boosting the plastic response. Both these LTP-like responses could be depotentiated by cTBS150, in both groups of patients. CONCLUSIONS Cerebellar stimulation enhances heterosynaptic plasticity in PD irrespective of dyskinesias. Depotentiation mechanisms of heterosynaptic plasticity are preserved in PD patients, including those with dyskinesias. The lack of depotentiation of LTP-like plasticity as a hallmark of dyskinesia in PD patients is not absolute. The ability to depotentiate LTP-like plasticity may potentially depend on the type of plasticity induced (homosynaptic or heterosynaptic), the circuits involved in these responses and the adequacy of dopaminergic stimulation.
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Suppa A, Asci F, Guerra A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool to induce and explore plasticity in humans. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:73-89. [PMID: 35034759 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity is the main theoretical framework to explain mechanisms of learning and memory. Synaptic plasticity can be explored experimentally in animals through various standardized protocols for eliciting long-term potentiation and long-term depression in hippocampal and cortical slices. In humans, several non-invasive protocols of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation have been designed and applied to probe synaptic plasticity in the primary motor cortex, as reflected by long-term changes in motor evoked potential amplitudes. These protocols mimic those normally used in animal studies for assessing long-term potentiation and long-term depression. In this chapter, we first discuss the physiologic basis of theta-burst stimulation, paired associative stimulation, and transcranial direct current stimulation. We describe the current biophysical and theoretical models underlying the molecular mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and metaplasticity, defined as activity-dependent changes in neural functions that modulate subsequent synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), in the human motor cortex including calcium-dependent plasticity, spike-timing-dependent plasticity, the role of N-methyl-d-aspartate-related transmission and gamma-aminobutyric-acid interneuronal activity. We also review the putative microcircuits responsible for synaptic plasticity in the human motor cortex. We critically readdress the issue of variability in studies investigating synaptic plasticity and propose available solutions. Finally, we speculate about the utility of future studies with more advanced experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Suppa
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed Institute, Pozzilli (IS), Italy.
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Parkinson's disease: Alterations of motor plasticity and motor learning. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2022; 184:135-151. [PMID: 35034730 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819410-2.00007-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This chapter reviews the alterations in motor learning and motor cortical plasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder. Impairments in motor learning, which is a hallmark of basal ganglia disorders, influence the performance of motor learning-related behavioral tasks and have clinical implications for the management of disturbance in gait and posture, and for rehabilitative management of PD. Although plasticity is classically induced and assessed in sliced preparation in animal models, in this review we have concentrated on the results from non-invasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with PD, in addition to a few animal electrophysiologic studies. The chapter summarizes the results from different cortical and subcortical plasticity investigations. Plasticity induction protocols reveal deficient plasticity in PD and these plasticity measures are modulated by medications and deep brain stimulation. There is considerable variability in these measures that are related to inter-individual variations, different disease characteristics and methodological considerations. Nevertheless, these pathophysiologic studies expand our knowledge of cortical excitability, plasticity and the effects of different treatments in PD. These tools of modulating plasticity and motor learning improve our understanding of PD pathophysiology and help to develop new treatments for this disabling condition.
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Dose-response of intermittent theta burst stimulation of the prefrontal cortex: a TMS-EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 136:158-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Kishore A, James P, Popa T, Thejaus A, Rajeswari P, Sarma G, Krishnan S, Meunier S. Plastic responsiveness of motor cortex to paired associative stimulation depends on cerebellar input. Clin Neurophysiol 2021; 132:2493-2502. [PMID: 34454278 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2021.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The extent of plastic responses of motor cortex (M1) to paired associative stimulation (PAS) varies among healthy subjects. Continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) of cerebellum enhances the mean PAS-induced plasticity in groups of healthy subjects. We tested whether the initial status of Responder or Non -Responder to PAS, influenced the effect of cerebellar stimulation on PAS-induced plasticity. METHODS We assessed in 19 young healthy volunteers (8 Responders, 11 Non-Responders to PAS), how cTBS and iTBS (intermittent TBS) applied to the cerebellum before a PAS protocol influenced the plastic responsiveness of M1 to PAS. We tested whether the PAS-induced plastic effects could be depotentiated by a short cTBS protocol applied to M1 shortly after PAS and whether cerebellar stimulation influenced GABA-ergic intracortical inhibition and M1 plasticity in parallel. RESULTS Cerebellar cTBS restored the M1 response to PAS in Non-Responders while cerebellar iTBS turned the potentiating response to PAS to a depressive response in both groups. The depotentiation protocol abolished both responses. CONCLUSION Non-Responder status to PAS is a state of M1 amenable to bidirectional plastic modulation when primed by a change in cerebello-thalamic drive. SIGNIFICANCE The meaning of lack of responsiveness to certain protocols probing plasticity should be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India.
| | - Praveen James
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Traian Popa
- Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1202 Geneva, Switzerland; Defitech Chair of Clinical Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics (CNP) and Brain Mind Institute (BMI), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL Valais), Clinique Romande de Réadaptation, 1951 Sion, Switzerland
| | - Arun Thejaus
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Parvathy Rajeswari
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Gangadhara Sarma
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Kerala, India
| | - Sabine Meunier
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06 UMRS 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelleépinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
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Wittkopf PG, Larsen DB, Graven-Nielsen T. Protocols for inducing homeostatic plasticity reflected in the corticospinal excitability in healthy human participants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:5444-5461. [PMID: 34251703 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity complements synaptic plasticity by stabilising neural activity within a physiological range. In humans, homeostatic plasticity is investigated using two blocks of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) with an interval without stimulation between blocks. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of homeostatic plasticity induction protocols on motor evoked potentials (MEP) in healthy participants. Four databases were searched (Medline, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane library). Studies describing the application of two blocks of NIBS of the primary motor cortex with an interval of no stimulation between blocks reporting changes in corticospinal excitability by MEP amplitude were included. Thirty-seven reports with 55 experiments (700 participants) were included. Study quality was considered poor overall, with heterogeneity in study size, sample and designs. Two blocks of excitatory stimulation at the primary motor cortex produced a homeostatic response (decreased MEP) between 0 and 30 min post-protocols, when compared with a single stimulation block. Two blocks of inhibitory stimulation at the primary motor cortex using interval duration of 10 min or less produced a homeostatic response (increased MEP) between 0 and 30 min post-protocols, when compared with a single stimulation block. There were no differences in MEPs when compared with baseline MEPs. In conclusion, homeostatic plasticity induction using two blocks of NIBS with an interval of 10 min or less without stimulation between blocks produces a homeostatic response up to 30 min post-protocol. Improvements in participant selection, sample sizes and protocols of NIBS techniques are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla G Wittkopf
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Dennis B Larsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Thomas Graven-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Theta Burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of Fronto-Parietal Networks: Modulation by Mental State. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2020; 5. [PMID: 32613082 PMCID: PMC7328938 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treats neuropsychiatric disorders, but effects of stimulation are highly state-dependent and in most therapeutic applications, mental state is not controlled. This exploratory proposal will test the broad hypothesis that when TMS, specifically intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), is applied during a controlled mental state, network changes will be facilitated, compared to stimulation when mental state is uncontrolled. We will focus on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and the associated fronto-parietal network (FPN), which subserves cognitive control, an important neural and behavioral target of therapeutic TMS. After a baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) session, iTBS will be administered to 40 healthy subjects in three sessions over three days in a within-subjects, cross-over design: (1) dlPFC stimulation by iTBS alone, (2) dlPFC stimulation by iTBS while simultaneously performing a cognitive task, and (3) vertex (control) iTBS stimulation. Immediately after each iTBS session, we will measure blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activation during a cognitive control task (“n-back” task) and during the resting state, using BOLD connectivity and arterial spin labeling (ASL). We will test hypotheses that persisting neural changes and performance enhancement induced by iTBS to the dlPFC, compared to iTBS to the vertex, will affect the FPN, and these effects will be modulated by whether or not subjects receive iTBS when they are engaged in a cognitive control task. Demonstrating this interaction between iTBS and mental state will lay critical groundwork for future studies to show how controlling mental state during TMS can improve therapeutic effects.
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Branscheidt M, Kassavetis P, Anaya M, Rogers D, Huang HD, Lindquist MA, Celnik P. Fatigue induces long-lasting detrimental changes in motor-skill learning. eLife 2019; 8:40578. [PMID: 30832766 PMCID: PMC6443347 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatigue due to physical exertion is a ubiquitous phenomenon in everyday life and especially common in a range of neurological diseases. While the effect of fatigue on limiting skill execution are well known, its influence on learning new skills is unclear. This is of particular interest as it is common practice to train athletes, musicians or perform rehabilitation exercises up to and beyond a point of fatigue. In a series of experiments, we describe how muscle fatigue, defined as degradation of maximum force after exertion, impairs motor-skill learning beyond its effects on task execution. The negative effects on learning are evidenced by impaired task acquisition on subsequent practice days even in the absence of fatigue. Further, we found that this effect is in part mediated centrally and can be alleviated by altering motor cortex function. Thus, the common practice of training while, or beyond, fatigue levels should be carefully reconsidered, since this affects overall long-term skill learning. Mastering a new movement requires practice. Intensive and repetitive training is essential for musicians, athletes, or surgeons. It is also important for people undergoing rehabilitation to help them regain normal movements after an illness or injury. Although practice is said to make perfect, there comes the point when it also causes physical fatigue. Fatigue can impair how well a person performs a movement, but its effects on learning a task are less clear. Now, Branscheidt et al. show that being physically fatigued interferes with learning a new movement skill. In the experiments, volunteers were divided in two groups: the first group had to learn a new motor skill after their hand muscles were physically fatigued, the second group learned the same task without being worn out. The fatigued volunteers had a harder time learning a new motor task both on the day of the task and on the following days, even after they had recovered from the fatigue. The same experiment was repeated, but instead of learning a motor task, the volunteers were asked to learn a sequence of keystrokes. The volunteers in both groups learned this new thinking task easily. This suggests that learning new thinking tasks is not affected by physical fatigue. Branscheidt et al. also disrupted memory formation in part of the brain that controls movement after volunteers finished learning the motor task using a technique called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. This eliminated the motor learning deficit in the fatigued group. This may suggest that memories formed after fatigue may impair later motor learning and that physical training or rehabilitation that pushes people to work past fatigue may be counterproductive. Further study of these processes may help to develop better training regimens and rehabilitation methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meret Branscheidt
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Panagiotis Kassavetis
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Neurology Department, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Manuel Anaya
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Davis Rogers
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Han Debra Huang
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin A Lindquist
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pablo Celnik
- The Human Brain Physiology and Stimulation Laboratory, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Huang YZ, Chen RS, Fong PY, Rothwell JC, Chuang WL, Weng YH, Lin WY, Lu CS. Inter-cortical modulation from premotor to motor plasticity. J Physiol 2018; 596:4207-4217. [PMID: 29888792 DOI: 10.1113/jp276276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Synaptic plasticity is involved in daily activities but abnormal plasticity may be deleterious. In this study, we found that motor plasticity could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Such changes in motor plasticity were associated with reduced learning of a simple motor task. We postulate that the premotor cortex adjusts the amount of motor plasticity to modulate motor learning through heterosynaptic metaplasticity. The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network, a concept that could be employed to intervene in diseases with abnormal plasticity. ABSTRACT Primary motor cortex (M1) plasticity is known to be influenced by the excitability and prior activation history of M1 itself. However, little is known about how its plasticity is influenced by other areas of the brain. In the present study on humans of either sex who were known to respond to theta burst stimulation from previous studies, we found plasticity of M1 could be modulated by suppressing the premotor cortex with the theta burst form of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Motor plasticity was distorted and disappeared 30 min and 120 min, respectively, after premotor excitability was suppressed. Further evaluation revealed that such changes in motor plasticity were associated with impaired learning of a simple motor task. We postulate that the premotor cortex modulates the amount of plasticity within M1 through heterosynaptic metaplasticity, and that this may impact on learning of a simple motor task previously shown to be directly affected by M1 plasticity. The present results provide an insight into how the brain physiologically coordinates two different areas to bring them into a functional network. Furthermore, such concepts could be translated into therapeutic approaches for diseases with aberrant plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan.,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, 32001, Taiwan
| | - Rou-Shayn Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Wen-Li Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Cheng Ching Hospital, Taichung, 40764, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsin Weng
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
| | - Wey-Yil Lin
- Department of Neurology, Landseed Hospital, Taoyuan, 32449, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Song Lu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Healthy Ageing Research Center, and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, 33305, Taiwan
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Human Depotentiation following Induction of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity. Biomedicines 2018; 6:biomedicines6020071. [PMID: 29912149 PMCID: PMC6027207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines6020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Depotentiation (DP) is a crucial mechanism for the tuning of memory traces once LTP (Long Term Potentiation) has been induced via learning, artificial procedures, or other activities. Putative unuseful LTP might be abolished via this process. Its deficiency is thought to play a role in pathologies, such as drug induced dyskinesia. However, since it is thought that it represents a mechanism that is linked to the susceptibility to interference during consolidation of a memory trace, it is an important process to consider when therapeutic interventions, such as psychotherapy, are administered. Perhaps a person with an abnormal depotentiation is prone to lose learned effects very easily or on the other end of the spectrum is prone to overload with previously generated unuseful LTP. Perhaps this process partly explains why some disorders and patients are extremely resistant to therapy. The present study seeks to quantify the relationship between LTP and depotentiation in the human brain by using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the cortex of healthy participants. The results provide further evidence that depotentiation can be quantified in humans by use of noninvasive brain stimulation techniques. They provide evidence that a nonfocal rhythmic on its own inefficient stimulation, such as a modified thetaburst stimulation, can depotentiate an associative, focal spike timing-dependent PAS (paired associative stimulation)-induced LTP. Therefore, the depotentiation-like process does not seem to be restricted to specific subgroups of synapses that have undergone LTP before. Most importantly, the induced LTP seems highly correlated with the amount of generated depotentiation in healthy individuals. This might be a phenomenon typical of health and might be distorted in brain pathologies, such as dystonia, or dyskinesias. The ratio of LTP/DP might be a valuable marker for potential distortions of persistence versus deletion of memory traces represented by LTP-like plasticity.
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How different priming stimulations affect the corticospinal excitability induced by noninvasive brain stimulation techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:883-899. [DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques could induce changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) and neuroplasticity. These changes could be affected by different factors, including having a session of stimulation called the ‘priming’ protocol before the main stimulation session called the ‘test’ protocol. Literature indicates that a priming protocol could affect the activity of postsynaptic neurons, form a neuronal history, and then modify the expected effects of the test protocol on CSE indicated by the amplitude of transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. This prior history affects a threshold to activate the necessary mechanism stabilizing the neuronal activity within a useful dynamic range. For studying the effects of this history and related metaplasticity mechanisms in the human primary motor cortex (M1), priming-test protocols are successfully employed. Thirty-two studies were included in this review to investigate how different priming protocols could affect the induced effects of a test protocol on CSE in healthy individuals. The results showed that if the history of synaptic activity were high or low enough to displace the threshold, the expected effects of the test protocol would be the reverse. This effect reversal is regulated by homeostatic mechanisms. On the contrary, the effects of the test protocol would not be the reverse, and at most we experience a prolongation of the lasting effects if the aforementioned history is not enough to displace the threshold. This effect prolongation is mediated by nonhomeostatic mechanisms. Therefore, based on the characteristics of priming-test protocols and the interval between them, the expected results of priming-test protocols would be different. Moreover, these findings could shed light on the different mechanisms of metaplasticity involved in NIBS. It helps us understand how we can improve the expected outcomes of these techniques in clinical approaches.
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14
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He W, Fong PY, Leung TWH, Huang YZ. Protocols of non-invasive brain stimulation for neuroplasticity induction. Neurosci Lett 2018; 719:133437. [PMID: 29476796 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) has been widely applied in basic research and clinical intervention in the past few decades. It modulates cortical excitability through varies combinations of current form, stimulation position, strength, frequency, duration and intervals. In this review, protocols of different types of NIBS and their aftereffect are introduced. Moreover, evidences in physiology, pharmacology and behavior response are provided to support the effects of NIBS are plasticity-like effects because of their common mechanisms of synaptic plasticity. This is further confirmed by experiments on small animals at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia He
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Po-Yu Fong
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Thomas Wai Hong Leung
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; Division of Neurology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- Neuroscience Research Center and Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC.
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15
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Huang YZ, Lu MK, Antal A, Classen J, Nitsche M, Ziemann U, Ridding M, Hamada M, Ugawa Y, Jaberzadeh S, Suppa A, Paulus W, Rothwell J. Plasticity induced by non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation: A position paper. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2318-2329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Suppa A, Quartarone A, Siebner H, Chen R, Di Lazzaro V, Del Giudice P, Paulus W, Rothwell J, Ziemann U, Classen J. The associative brain at work: Evidence from paired associative stimulation studies in humans. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:2140-2164. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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17
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Reversal of long term potentiation-like plasticity in primary motor cortex in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2017; 128:1547-1552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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18
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Cash RF, Dar A, Hui J, De Ruiter L, Baarbé J, Fettes P, Peters S, Fitzgerald PB, Downar J, Chen R. Influence of inter-train interval on the plastic effects of rTMS. Brain Stimul 2017; 10:630-636. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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19
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Selective TMS-induced modulation of functional connectivity correlates with changes in behavior. Neuroimage 2017; 149:361-378. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.01.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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20
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Lago-Rodriguez A, Ponzo V, Jenkinson N, Benitez-Rivero S, Del-Olmo MF, Hu M, Koch G, Cheeran B. Paradoxical facilitation after depotentiation protocol can precede dyskinesia onset in early Parkinson's disease. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:3659-3667. [PMID: 27566172 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Loss of dopamine, a key modulator of synaptic signalling, and subsequent pulsatile non-physiological levodopa replacement is believed to underlie altered neuroplasticity in Parkinson's disease (PD). Animal models suggest that maladaptive plasticity (e.g. deficient depotentiation at corticostriatal synapses) is key in the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), a common complication following levodopa replacement in PD. Human studies using transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols have shown similar depotentiation deficit in patients with LID. We hypothesized that subtle depotentiation deficits should precede LID if these deficits are mechanistically linked to LID onset. Moreover, patients on pulsatile levodopa-based therapy may show these changes earlier than those treated with levodopa-sparing strategies. We recruited 22 early non-dyskinetic PD patients (<5 years since diagnosis) and 12 age-matched healthy controls. We grouped patients into those on Levodopa-Based (n = 11) and Levodopa-Sparing therapies (n = 11). Patients were selected to obtain groups matched for age and disease severity. We used a theta-burst stimulation protocol to investigate potentiation and depotentiation in a single session. We report significant depotentiation deficits in the Levodopa-Based group, compared to both Levodopa-Sparing and Healthy Control groups. Potentiation and Depotentiation responses were similar between Levodopa-Sparing and Healthy Control groups. Although differences persist after accounting for potential confounds (e.g. levodopa-equivalent dose), these results may yet be caused by differences in disease severity and cumulative levodopa-equivalent dose as discussed in the text. In conclusion, we show for the first time that paradoxical facilitation in response to depotentiation protocols can occur in PD even prior to LID onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lago-Rodriguez
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Viviana Ponzo
- Laboratorio di Neurologia Clinica e Comportamentale, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ned Jenkinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Sonia Benitez-Rivero
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Miguel Fernandez Del-Olmo
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences of Sport and Physical Education, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Michele Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Laboratorio di Neurologia Clinica e Comportamentale, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Stroke Unit, Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Binith Cheeran
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Level 6, West Wing, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
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Fujiyama H, Hinder MR, Barzideh A, Van de Vijver C, Badache AC, Manrique-C MN, Reissig P, Zhang X, Levin O, Summers JJ, Swinnen SP. Preconditioning tDCS facilitates subsequent tDCS effect on skill acquisition in older adults. Neurobiol Aging 2016; 51:31-42. [PMID: 28033506 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Functional motor declines that often occur with advancing age-including reduced efficacy to learn new skills-can have a substantial impact on the quality of life. Recent studies using noninvasive brain stimulation indicate that priming the corticospinal system by lowering the threshold for the induction of long-term potentiation-like plasticity before skill training may facilitate subsequent skill learning. Here, we used "priming" protocol, in which we used transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) applying the cathode over the primary motor cortex (M1) before the anode placed over M1 during unimanual isometric force control training (FORCEtraining). Older individuals who received tDCS with the cathode placed over M1 before tDCS with the anode placed over M1 concurrent with FORCEtraining showed greater skill improvement and corticospinal excitability increases following the tDCS/FORCEtraining protocol compared with both young and older individuals who did not receive the preceding tDCS with the cathode placed over M1. The results suggested that priming tDCS protocols may be used in clinical settings to improve motor function and thus maintain the functional independence of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakuei Fujiyama
- Action and Cognition Laboratory, School of Psychology and Exercise Science, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia; Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Mark R Hinder
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Azadeh Barzideh
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Charis Van de Vijver
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreea C Badache
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Nathalya Manrique-C
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paola Reissig
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Xue Zhang
- Neural Control of Movement Laboratory, ETH, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oron Levin
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffery J Summers
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia; Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Motor Control Laboratory, KU Leuven, Research Center of Movement Control and Neuroplasticity, Group Biomedical Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Singh AM, Duncan RE, Staines WR. Aerobic exercise abolishes cTBS-induced suppression of motor cortical excitability. Neurosci Lett 2016; 633:215-219. [PMID: 27666977 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A preceding bout of acute aerobic exercise can enhance the induction of early long-term potentiation (LTP) in the primary motor cortex (M1). However, the influence of exercise when performed after the induction of plasticity has not been investigated. In addition, it is unclear whether the same effects are seen with techniques that induce long-term depression (LTD). We used continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) to temporarily suppress cortical excitability and investigate whether moderate-intensity cycling exercise would alter the duration or intensity of cTBS after-effects in a nonexercised upper limb muscle. We observed that cTBS effects were abolished when followed by exercise, with no corresponding changes in intracortical network activity. We hypothesize that the induction of LTD may be suppressed by exercise-linked neurotransmitters that interact with glutamate receptors. Exercise appears to shift the neural balance towards facilitation and may work to counteract the effects of LTD-like processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya M Singh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - Robin E Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - W Richard Staines
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
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23
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Karabanov A, Ziemann U, Hamada M, George MS, Quartarone A, Classen J, Massimini M, Rothwell J, Siebner HR. Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2016; 8:993-1006. [PMID: 26598772 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic plasticity is thought to stabilize neural activity around a set point within a physiologically reasonable dynamic range. Over the last ten years, a wide range of non-invasive transcranial brain stimulation (NTBS) techniques have been used to probe homeostatic control of cortical plasticity in the intact human brain. Here, we review different NTBS approaches to study homeostatic plasticity on a systems level and relate the findings to both, physiological evidence from in vitro studies and to a theoretical framework of homeostatic function. We highlight differences between homeostatic and other non-homeostatic forms of plasticity and we examine the contribution of sleep in restoring synaptic homeostasis. Finally, we discuss the growing number of studies showing that abnormal homeostatic plasticity may be associated to a range of neuropsychiatric diseases.
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24
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Chung SW, Hill AT, Rogasch NC, Hoy KE, Fitzgerald PB. Use of theta-burst stimulation in changing excitability of motor cortex: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 63:43-64. [PMID: 26850210 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Noninvasive brain stimulation has been demonstrated to modulate cortical activity in humans. In particular, theta burst stimulation (TBS) has gained notable attention due to its ability to induce lasting physiological changes after short stimulation durations. The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive meta-analytic review of the efficacy of two TBS paradigms; intermittent (iTBS) and continuous (cTBS), on corticospinal excitability in healthy individuals. Literature searches yielded a total of 87 studies adhering to the inclusion criteria. iTBS yielded moderately large MEP increases lasting up to 30 min with a pooled SMD of 0.71 (p<0.00001). cTBS produced a reduction in MEP amplitudes lasting up to 60 min, with the largest effect size seen at 5 min post stimulation (SMD=-0.9, P<0.00001). The collected studies were of heterogeneous nature, and a series of tests conducted indicated a degree of publication bias. No significant change in SICI and ICF was observed, with exception to decrease in SICI with cTBS at the early time point (SMD=0.42, P=0.00036). The results also highlight several factors contributing to TBS efficacy, including the number of pulses, frequency of stimulation and BDNF polymorphisms. Further research investigating optimal TBS stimulation parameters, particularly for iTBS, is needed in order for these paradigms to be successfully translated into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Wook Chung
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Aron T Hill
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel C Rogasch
- Brain and Mental Health Laboratory, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate E Hoy
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul B Fitzgerald
- Monash Alfred Psychiatry Research Centre, Central Clinical School, The Alfred and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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25
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Ghiglieri V, Mineo D, Vannelli A, Cacace F, Mancini M, Pendolino V, Napolitano F, di Maio A, Mellone M, Stanic J, Tronci E, Fidalgo C, Stancampiano R, Carta M, Calabresi P, Gardoni F, Usiello A, Picconi B. Modulation of serotonergic transmission by eltoprazine in L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia: Behavioral, molecular, and synaptic mechanisms. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 86:140-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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26
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Huang YZ. What do we learn from the influence of motor activities on the after-effect of non-invasive brain stimulation? Clin Neurophysiol 2016; 127:1011-1012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Rapamycin Effectively Impedes Melamine-Induced Impairments of Cognition and Synaptic Plasticity in Wistar Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:819-832. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Dileone M, Ranieri F, Florio L, Capone F, Musumeci G, Leoni C, Mordillo-Mateos L, Tartaglia M, Zampino G, Di Lazzaro V. Differential Effects of HRAS Mutation on LTP-Like Activity Induced by Different Protocols of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2016; 9:33-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Kadowaki S, Enomoto H, Murakami T, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Kobayashi S, Ugawa Y. Influence of phasic muscle contraction upon the quadripulse stimulation (QPS) aftereffects. Clin Neurophysiol 2015; 127:1568-1573. [PMID: 26702773 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2015.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Contractions of the target muscle influence the aftereffects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS). The aim of this paper is to investigate whether or not voluntary hand movement influences the aftereffects of quadripulse stimulation (QPS) on the hand motor area. METHODS Thirteen healthy volunteers participated in this study. After QPS-5 or QPS-50 intervention over the motor hot spot for the right first dorsal interosseous muscle (FDI), the subjects performed voluntary motor tasks (opening-closing right hand movements at 1 Hz for 1 min). We compared the time courses of MEP size between the conditions with and without voluntary movement. RESULTS When the subjects moved their hands immediately after QPS, both QPS-5 and QPS-50 aftereffects were abolished. However, if they moved their hands at 20 min after QPS, the long-term aftereffects were preserved. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary hand movement applied after intervention influences QPS aftereffects, but the magnitude of the influence depends on the delay between QPS and the voluntary movement. SIGNIFICANCE In the plasticity induction experiments, we should always be mindful of the fact that voluntary movement, including the target muscle, seriously influences the induced long-term effects of QPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suguru Kadowaki
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Takenobu Murakami
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Setsu Nakatani-Enomoto
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kobayashi
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Ugawa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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30
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Brückner S, Kammer T. High visual demand following theta burst stimulation modulates the effect on visual cortex excitability. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:591. [PMID: 26578935 PMCID: PMC4623200 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulatory effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) depend on the activity of the stimulated cortical area before, during, and even after application. In the present study, we investigated the effects of theta burst stimulation (TBS) on visual cortex excitability using phosphene threshold (PTs). In a between-group design either continuous or intermittent TBS was applied with 100% of individual PT intensity. We varied visual demand following stimulation in form of high demand (acuity task) or low demand (looking at the wall). No change of PTs was observed directly after TBS. We found increased PTs only if subjects had high visual demand following continuous TBS. With low visual demand following stimulation no change of PT was observed. Intermittent TBS had no effect on visual cortex excitability at all. Since other studies showed increased PTs following continuous TBS using subthreshold intensities, our results highlight the importance of stimulation intensity applying TBS to the visual cortex. Furthermore, the state of the neurons in the stimulated cortex area not only before but also following TBS has an important influence on the effects of stimulation, making it necessary to scrupulously control for activity during the whole experimental session in a study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Brückner
- Section for Neurostimulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Kammer
- Section for Neurostimulation, Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm Ulm, Germany
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31
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Reversed Effects of Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation following Motor Training That Vary as a Function of Training-Induced Changes in Corticospinal Excitability. Neural Plast 2015; 2015:578620. [PMID: 26167305 PMCID: PMC4488255 DOI: 10.1155/2015/578620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) has the
potential to enhance corticospinal excitability (CSE)
and subsequent motor learning. However, the effects of
iTBS following motor learning are unknown. The purpose
of the present study was to explore the effect of iTBS
on CSE and performance following motor learning.
Therefore twenty-four healthy participants practiced a
ballistic motor task for a total of 150 movements.
iTBS was subsequently applied to the trained motor
cortex (STIM group) or the vertex (SHAM group).
Performance and CSE were assessed before motor
learning and before and after iTBS. Training
significantly increased performance and CSE in both
groups. In STIM group participants, subsequent iTBS
significantly reduced motor performance with smaller
reductions in CSE. CSE changes as a result of motor
learning were negatively correlated with both the CSE
changes and performance changes as a result of iTBS.
No significant effects of iTBS were found for SHAM
group participants. We conclude that iTBS has the
potential to degrade prior motor learning as a
function of training-induced CSE changes. That means
the expected LTP-like effects of iTBS are reversed
following motor learning.
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32
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Karabanov A, Ziemann U, Hamada M, George MS, Quartarone A, Classen J, Massimini M, Rothwell J, Siebner HR. Consensus Paper: Probing Homeostatic Plasticity of Human Cortex With Non-invasive Transcranial Brain Stimulation. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:442-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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33
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Wischnewski M, Schutter DJLG. Efficacy and Time Course of Theta Burst Stimulation in Healthy Humans. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:685-92. [PMID: 26014214 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the past decade research has shown that continuous (cTBS) and intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) alter neuronal excitability levels in the primary motor cortex. OBJECTIVE Quantitatively review the magnitude and time course on cortical excitability of cTBS and iTBS. METHODS Sixty-four TBS studies published between January 2005 and October 2014 were retrieved from the scientific search engine PubMED and included for analyses. The main inclusion criteria involved stimulation of the primary motor cortex in healthy volunteers with no motor practice prior to intervention and motor evoked potentials as primary outcome measure. RESULTS ITBS applied for 190 s significantly increases cortical excitability up to 60 min with a mean maximum potentiation of 35.54 ± 3.32%. CTBS applied for 40 s decreases cortical excitability up to 50 min with a mean maximum depression of -22.81 ± 2.86%, while cTBS applied for 20 s decreases cortical excitability (mean maximum -27.84 ± 4.15%) for 20 min. CONCLUSION The present findings offer normative insights into the magnitude and time course of TBS-induced changes in cortical excitability levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Wischnewski
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Enomoto H, Terao Y, Kadowaki S, Nakamura K, Moriya A, Nakatani-Enomoto S, Kobayashi S, Yoshihara A, Hanajima R, Ugawa Y. Effects of l-Dopa and pramipexole on plasticity induced by QPS in human motor cortex. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2015; 122:1253-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-015-1374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Bologna M, Rocchi L, Paparella G, Nardella A, Li Voti P, Conte A, Kojovic M, Rothwell JC, Berardelli A. Reversal of Practice-related Effects on Corticospinal Excitability has no Immediate Effect on Behavioral Outcome. Brain Stimul 2015; 8:603-12. [PMID: 25697591 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Motor training usually increases the excitability of corticospinal outputs to the trained muscles. However, it is uncertain to what extent the change in excitability is a critical component of behavioral learning or whether it is a non-specific side effect. OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS We used a depotentiation protocol to abolish the training-induced increase of corticospinal excitability and tested whether this had any immediate effect on the improved motor performance. METHODS We used an index finger abduction task in which behavioral improvement is known to be associated with M1 excitability changes as monitored by the amplitude of motor-evoked potentials produced by single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). These effects could be reversed by a depotentiation protocol using a short form of continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS150). Participants underwent three experimental interventions: 'motor training', 'motor training plus cTBS150' and 'cTBS150'. M1 excitability and TMS-evoked finger movements were assessed before the experimental interventions and 5 min, 15 min, and 30 min thereafter. Motor retention was tested 45 min after the experimental interventions. RESULTS During training, acceleration of the practiced movement improved. At the end of training, M1 excitability and the acceleration of TMS-evoked index finger movements in the direction of training had increased and the enhanced performance was retained when tested 45 min later. The depotentiation protocol, delivered immediately after the end of training, reversed the excitability changes in M1 but did not affect the acceleration of the TMS-evoked finger movement nor the retention of performance. The depotentiation protocol alone did not modify M1 excitability. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that in the short term, increases in corticospinal excitability are not related to immediate changes in behavioral motor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Rocchi
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Paparella
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Maja Kojovic
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Neurology, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John C Rothwell
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alfredo Berardelli
- Neuromed Institute (IRCCS), Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
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Goldsworthy MR, Pitcher JB, Ridding MC. Spaced Noninvasive Brain Stimulation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2014; 29:714-21. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968314562649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity is critical for learning, memory, and recovery of lost function following neurological damage. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques can induce neuroplastic changes in the human cortex that are behaviorally relevant, raising the exciting possibility that these techniques might be therapeutically beneficial for neurorehabilitation following brain injury. However, the short duration and instability of induced effects currently limits their usefulness. To date, trials investigating the therapeutic value of neuroplasticity-inducing NIBS have used either single or multiple treatment sessions, typically repeated once-daily for 1 to 2 weeks. Although multiple stimulation sessions are presumed to have cumulative effects on neuroplasticity induction, there is little direct scientific evidence to support this “once-daily” approach. In animal models, the repeated application of stimulation protocols spaced using relatively short intervals (typically of the order of minutes) induces long-lasting and stable changes in synaptic efficacy. Likewise, learning through spaced repetition facilitates the establishment of long-term memory. In both cases, the spacing interval is critical in determining the outcome. Emerging evidence in healthy human populations suggests that the within-session spacing of NIBS protocols may be an effective approach for significantly prolonging the duration of induced neuroplastic changes. Similar to findings in the animal and learning literature, the interval at which spaced NIBS is applied seems to be a critical factor influencing the neuroplastic response. In this Point of View article, we propose that to truly exploit the therapeutic opportunities provided by NIBS, future clinical trials should consider the optimal spacing interval for repeated applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell R. Goldsworthy
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Julia B. Pitcher
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Michael C. Ridding
- Robinson Research Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Curatolo P, Ben-Ari Y, Bozzi Y, Catania MV, D'Angelo E, Mapelli L, Oberman LM, Rosenmund C, Cherubini E. Synapses as therapeutic targets for autism spectrum disorders: an international symposium held in pavia on july 4th, 2014. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:309. [PMID: 25324723 PMCID: PMC4179609 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
New progresses into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) have been discussed in 1 day international symposium held in Pavia (Italy) on July 4th, 2014 entitled "synapses as therapeutic targets for autism spectrum disorders" (satellite of the FENS Forum for Neuroscience, Milan, 2014). In particular, world experts in the field have highlighted how animal models of ASDs have greatly advanced our understanding of the molecular pathways involved in synaptic dysfunction leading sometimes to "synaptic clinical trials" in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Curatolo
- Pediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Tor Vergata University , Rome , Italy
| | - Yehezkel Ben-Ari
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Mediterranean Institute of Neurobiology (INMED) , Marseille , France
| | - Yuri Bozzi
- CNR Neuroscience Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento , Trento , Italy
| | - Maria Vincenza Catania
- CNR, Institute of Neurological Sciences (ISN) , Catania , Italy ; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Oasi Maria SS , Troina , Italy
| | - Egidio D'Angelo
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy ; Brain Connectivity Center, Neurological Institute Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Mondino , Pavia , Italy
| | - Lisa Mapelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia , Pavia , Italy
| | - Lindsay M Oberman
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University , Providence, RI , USA
| | - Christian Rosenmund
- Neuroscience Research Center and NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin , Germany
| | - Enrico Cherubini
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) , Trieste , Italy ; European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) , Rome , Italy
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38
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Abstract
Inductions of long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD) are modulated if they are preceded by a priming protocol, in a manner consistent with metaplasticity. Depotentiation refers to reversal of LTP by a subsequent protocol that has no effect by itself. Paired associative stimulation (PAS) at interstimulus interval of 25 ms (PAS25) and 10 ms (PAS10) produces spike timing-dependent LTP-like and LTD-like effects in human primary motor cortex. Continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) with 600 pulses produces an LTD-like effect, whereas cTBS with 150 pulses (cTBS150) has no effect by itself. We investigated whether cortical plasticity induced by PAS can be modulated by heterosynaptic inputs of cTBS150. PAS25 and PAS10 primed and followed by cTBS150 were compared withPAS25 and PAS10 alone. Motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, recruitment curve, and intracortical circuits including short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI), long-interval intracortical inhibition (LICI), intracortical facilitation, and short-latency afferent inhibition were measured before and after the interventions. After PAS25 alone, MEP amplitude increased while intracortical circuits did not change. A priming cTBS150 enhanced the effects of PAS25 with further increase in MEP amplitude and led to reduction in SICI and LICI. PAS25 followed by cTBS150 led to reduced MEP amplitude and increased LICI and SICI. Both priming and following cTBS150 reversed the LTD-like effect produced by PAS10 with little change in intracortical circuits. We conclude that cortical plasticity induced by PAS and cTBS interacts in a heterosynaptic and bidirectional manner. The order of the interventions determines whether the underlying mechanisms are related to metaplasticity or depotentiation.
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Brückner S, Kammer T. Is theta burst stimulation applied to visual cortex able to modulate peripheral visual acuity? PLoS One 2014; 9:e99429. [PMID: 24914682 PMCID: PMC4051767 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is usually applied to visual cortex to explore the effects on cortical excitability. Most researchers therefore concentrate on changes of phosphene threshold, rarely on consequences for visual performance. Thus, we investigated peripheral visual acuity in the four quadrants of the visual field using Landolt C optotypes before and after repetitive stimulation of the visual cortex. We applied continuous and intermittend theta burst stimulation with various stimulation intensities (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% of individual phosphene threshold) as well as monophasic and biphasic 1 Hz stimulation, respectively. As an important result, no serious adverse effects were observed. In particular, no seizure was induced, even with theta burst stimulation applied with 120% of individual phosphene threshold. In only one case stimulation was ceased because the subject reported intolerable pain. Baseline visual acuity decreased over sessions, indicating a continuous training effect. Unexpectedly, none of the applied transcranial magnetic stimulation protocols had an effect on performance: no change in visual acuity was found in any of the four quadrants of the visual field. Binocular viewing as well as the use of peripheral instead of foveal presentation of the stimuli might have contributed to this result. Furthermore, intraindividual variability could have masked the TMS- induced effects on visual acuity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas Kammer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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40
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Fang JH, Huang YZ, Hwang IS, Chen JJJ. Selective modulation of motor cortical plasticity during voluntary contraction of the antagonist muscle. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:2083-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Hong Fang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City 701 Taiwan
| | - Ying-Zu Huang
- School of Medicine; Chang Gung University; Taoyuan 333 Taiwan
- Department of Neurology; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital; Taipei 105 Taiwan
| | - Ing-Shiou Hwang
- Department of Physical Therapy; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City Taiwan
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin J. Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; National Cheng Kung University; Tainan City 701 Taiwan
- National Applied Research Laboratories; Taipei Taiwan
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41
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Goldsworthy MR, Müller-Dahlhaus F, Ridding MC, Ziemann U. Resistant Against De-depression: LTD-Like Plasticity in the Human Motor Cortex Induced by Spaced cTBS. Cereb Cortex 2014; 25:1724-34. [DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bht353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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42
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Neural field theory of synaptic metaplasticity with applications to theta burst stimulation. J Theor Biol 2014; 340:164-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2013.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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43
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Mathias JP, Barsi GI, van de Ruit M, Grey MJ. Rapid Acquisition of the Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Stimulus Response Curve. Brain Stimul 2014; 7:59-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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44
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Hinder MR, Reissig P, Fujiyama H. Noninvasive brain stimulation can elucidate and interact with the mechanisms underlying motor learning and retention: implications for rehabilitation. J Neurophysiol 2013; 111:897-9. [PMID: 24285870 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00766.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Seminal work in animals indicates that learning a motor task results in long-term potentiation (LTP) in primary motor cortex (M1) and a subsequent occlusion of LTP induction (Rioult-Pedotti et al. J Neurophysiol 98: 3688-3695, 2007). Using various forms of noninvasive brain stimulation in conjunction with a motor learning paradigm, Cantarero et al. (J Neurosci 33: 12862-12869, 2013) recently provided novel evidence to support the hypothesis that retention of motor skill is contingent upon this postlearning occlusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Hinder
- Human Motor Control Laboratory, School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Australia
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45
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Reversal of long-term potentiation-like plasticity processes after motor learning disrupts skill retention. J Neurosci 2013; 33:12862-9. [PMID: 23904621 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1399-13.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasticity of synaptic connections in the primary motor cortex (M1) is thought to play an essential role in learning and memory. Human and animal studies have shown that motor learning results in long-term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity processes, namely potentiation of M1 and a temporary occlusion of additional LTP-like plasticity. Moreover, biochemical processes essential for LTP are also crucial for certain types of motor learning and memory. Thus, it has been speculated that the occlusion of LTP-like plasticity after learning, indicative of how much LTP was used to learn, is essential for retention. Here we provide supporting evidence of it in humans. Induction of LTP-like plasticity can be abolished using a depotentiation protocol (DePo) consisting of brief continuous theta burst stimulation. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess whether application of DePo over M1 after motor learning affected (1) occlusion of LTP-like plasticity and (2) retention of motor skill learning. We found that the magnitude of motor memory retention is proportional to the magnitude of occlusion of LTP-like plasticity. Moreover, DePo stimulation over M1, but not over a control site, reversed the occlusion of LTP-like plasticity induced by motor learning and disrupted skill retention relative to control subjects. Altogether, these results provide evidence of a link between occlusion of LTP-like plasticity and retention and that this measure could be used as a biomarker to predict retention. Importantly, attempts to reverse the occlusion of LTP-like plasticity after motor learning comes with the cost of reducing retention of motor learning.
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46
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Terao Y. Reply to "Parkinson's disease, L-Dopa and "express" saccades: superior colliculus dyskinesias?". Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:648-50. [PMID: 23968844 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Terao
- Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Department of Neurology, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Abstract
Originally derived from animal experiments, the concept of priming in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) experiments refers to a pretreatment or preprotocol stimulation that enhances the effect of the protocol. This means that previous stimulation or bout of activity predisposes the synapse for a second stimulation protocol to produce an enhanced depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the use of theta priming with 1-Hz rTMS to the motor cortex to induce corticospinal inhibition. The main question was whether there was any benefit in using theta priming instead of simply a longer period of 1-Hz rTMS. To address this, the authors compared 1-Hz rTMS with and without theta priming, using a protocol in which the total period of stimulation was the same. Eleven healthy volunteers were given rTMS to the right primary motor cortex in three separate sessions, in which the participant received one of the three protocols: (1) 1-Hz rTMS for 10 minutes, (2) 5 minutes of 6-Hz theta burst priming followed by 5 minutes of 1-Hz rTMS, or (3) 10 minutes of 1-Hz sham rTMS using a placebo coil. There was a significant effect of active 1-Hz rTMS alone on both resting motor evoked potential and active motor evoked potential amplitude, P < 0.05: both were significantly decrease after 1-Hz rTMS compared with sham. Resting motor evoked potential amplitude was unchanged compared with sham rTMS after the priming protocol, P = 0.001; 1-Hz rTMS with and without theta priming significantly reduced right unimanual reaction time compared with sham. While theta priming abolished or interfered with the inhibitory effect of 1-Hz rTMS on corticospinal excitability, the effect on ipsilateral reaction times was unaffected. The negative effect of priming can be interpreted as a functional interference of the priming preprotocol with the 1 Hz protocol.
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48
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Gatica Tossi MA, Stude P, Schwenkreis P, Tegenthoff M, Dinse HR. Behavioural and neurophysiological markers reveal differential sensitivity to homeostatic interactions between centrally and peripherally applied passive stimulation. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 38:2893-901. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Gatica Tossi
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory; Institute for Neuroinformatics; Ruhr University; Bochum; 44780; Germany
| | - P. Stude
- Department of Neurology; BG-Universitaetsklinikum Bergmannsheil; Ruhr University; Bochum; Germany
| | - P. Schwenkreis
- Department of Neurology; BG-Universitaetsklinikum Bergmannsheil; Ruhr University; Bochum; Germany
| | - M. Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology; BG-Universitaetsklinikum Bergmannsheil; Ruhr University; Bochum; Germany
| | - H. R. Dinse
- Neural Plasticity Laboratory; Institute for Neuroinformatics; Ruhr University; Bochum; 44780; Germany
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Hsu YF, Huang YZ, Lin YY, Tang CW, Liao KK, Lee PL, Tsai YA, Cheng HL, Cheng H, Chern CM, Lee IH. Intermittent theta burst stimulation over ipsilesional primary motor cortex of subacute ischemic stroke patients: A pilot study. Brain Stimul 2013; 6:166-74. [PMID: 22659021 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Fang Hsu
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Paired associative stimulation increases motor cortex excitability more effectively than theta-burst stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 2012; 123:2220-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.03.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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