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Naveed M, Chao OY, Hill JW, Yang YM, Huston JP, Cao R. Circadian neurogenetics and its implications in neurophysiology, behavior, and chronomedicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 157:105523. [PMID: 38142983 PMCID: PMC10872425 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm affects multiple physiological processes, and disruption of the circadian system can be involved in a range of disease-related pathways. The genetic underpinnings of the circadian rhythm have been well-studied in model organisms. Significant progress has been made in understanding how clock genes affect the physiological functions of the nervous system. In addition, circadian timing is becoming a key factor in improving drug efficacy and reducing drug toxicity. The circadian biology of the target cell determines how the organ responds to the drug at a specific time of day, thus regulating pharmacodynamics. The current review brings together recent advances that have begun to unravel the molecular mechanisms of how the circadian clock affects neurophysiological and behavioral processes associated with human brain diseases. We start with a brief description of how the ubiquitous circadian rhythms are regulated at the genetic, cellular, and neural circuit levels, based on knowledge derived from extensive research on model organisms. We then summarize the latest findings from genetic studies of human brain disorders, focusing on the role of human clock gene variants in these diseases. Lastly, we discuss the impact of common dietary factors and medications on human circadian rhythms and advocate for a broader application of the concept of chronomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Owen Y Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Jennifer W Hill
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA
| | - Yi-Mei Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Joseph P Huston
- Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Institute of Experimental Psychology, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruifeng Cao
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Department of Neurology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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2
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Yang Y, Wu Q, Shan X, Zhou H, Wang J, Hu Y, Chen J, Lv Z. Ginkgolide B attenuates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury via inhibition of ferroptosis through disrupting NCOA4-FTH1 interaction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116982. [PMID: 37532074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of neuronal damage and death. Ginkgolide B (GB) has been shown to exhibit neuroprotective effects in various brain injury models. AIM OF STUDY The aim of study was to investigate the potential role of GB in protecting against cerebral I/R injury and explore the underlying mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion in order to trigger cerebral I/R injury. The rats were treated with different doses of GB, vehicle control or positive drug. Neurological function, infarct volume, and levels of ferroptosis markers were evaluated. In vitro experiments were performed using OGD/R-induced PC12 cells to further investigate the effects of GB on ferroptosis and its mechanisms. In addition, molecular docking, and microscale thermophoresis (MST) assay were conducted to explore the combination of GB and NCOA4. RESULTS Reduced infarct volume and enhanced neurological function were signs of dose-dependent protection from cerebral I/R injury by GB therapy. Additionally, GB treatment had an impact on the levels of oxidative stress and ferroptosis markers, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and Fe2+ in the cerebral environment during IR injury. Moreover, relevant ferroptosis key factors such as ACSL4, GPX4, FTH1, and NCOA4 can be regulated by GB. In OGD/R-induced PC12 cells, GB protected against ferroptosis by inhibiting autophagy and disrupting the interaction of NCOA4-FTH1. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that GB may protect against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting ferroptosis through disrupting NCOA4-FTH1 interaction. GB has potential therapeutic applications for cerebral I/R injury, and further investigation of the underlying mechanisms and clinical trials are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Yang
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, 6 Kuangshi Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qing Wu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xin Shan
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, 6 Kuangshi Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiyan Zhou
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, 6 Kuangshi Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jinwen Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yue Hu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China; Shen Chun-ti Nation-Famous Experts Studio for Traditional Chinese Medicine Inheritance, Changzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213003, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, 6 Kuangshi Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhiyang Lv
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Hanlin College, 6 Kuangshi Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu, China.
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Darwish M, Hattori S, Nishizono H, Miyakawa T, Yachie N, Takao K. Comprehensive behavioral analyses of mice with a glycine receptor alpha 4 deficiency. Mol Brain 2023; 16:44. [PMID: 37217969 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01033-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycine receptors (GlyRs) are ligand-gated chloride channels comprising alpha (α1-4) and β subunits. The GlyR subunits play major roles in the mammalian central nervous system, ranging from regulating simple sensory information to modulating higher-order brain function. Unlike the other GlyR subunits, GlyR α4 receives relatively little attention because the human ortholog lacks a transmembrane domain and is thus considered a pseudogene. A recent genetic study reported that the GLRA4 pseudogene locus on the X chromosome is potentially involved in cognitive impairment, motor delay and craniofacial anomalies in humans. The physiologic roles of GlyR α4 in mammal behavior and its involvement in disease, however, are not known. Here we examined the temporal and spatial expression profile of GlyR α4 in the mouse brain and subjected Glra4 mutant mice to a comprehensive behavioral analysis to elucidate the role of GlyR α4 in behavior. The GlyR α4 subunit was mainly enriched in the hindbrain and midbrain, and had relatively lower expression in the thalamus, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and olfactory bulb. In addition, expression of the GlyR α4 subunit gradually increased during brain development. Glra4 mutant mice exhibited a decreased amplitude and delayed onset of the startle response compared with wild-type littermates, and increased social interaction in the home cage during the dark period. Glra4 mutants also had a low percentage of entries into open arms in the elevated plus-maze test. Although mice with GlyR α4 deficiency did not show motor and learning abnormalities reported to be associated in human genomics studies, they exhibited behavioral changes in startle response and social and anxiety-like behavior. Our data clarify the spatiotemporal expression pattern of the GlyR α4 subunit and suggest that glycinergic signaling modulates social, startle, and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Darwish
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Synthetic Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Hattori
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizono
- Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Miyakawa
- Division of Systems Medical Science, Center for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Aichi, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yachie
- Synthetic Biology Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Keizo Takao
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Innovative Life Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- Department of Behavioral Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
- Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Wang Q, Gu X, Liu Y, Liu S, Lu W, Wu Y, Lu H, Huang J, Tu W. Insights into the circadian rhythm alterations of the novel PFOS substitutes F-53B and OBS on adult zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 448:130959. [PMID: 36860044 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), 6:2 Cl-PFESA (F-53B) and sodium p-perfluorous nonenoxybenzene sulfonate (OBS) are frequently detected in aquatic environments, but little is known about their neurotoxicity, especially in terms of circadian rhythms. In this study, adult zebrafish were chronically exposed to 1 μM PFOS, F-53B and OBS for 21 days taking circadian rhythm-dopamine (DA) regulatory network as an entry point to comparatively investigate their neurotoxicity and underlying mechanisms. The results showed that PFOS may affect the response to heat rather than circadian rhythms by reducing DA secretion due to disruption of calcium signaling pathway transduction caused by midbrain swelling. In contrast, F-53B and OBS altered the circadian rhythms of adult zebrafish, but their mechanisms of action were different. Specifically, F-53B might alter circadian rhythms by interfering with amino acid neurotransmitter metabolism and disrupting blood-brain barrier (BBB) formation, whereas OBS mainly inhibited canonical Wnt signaling transduction by reducing cilia formation in ependymal cells and induced midbrain ventriculomegaly, finally triggering imbalance in DA secretion and circadian rhythm changes. Our study highlights the need to focus on the environmental exposure risks of PFOS alternatives and the sequential and interactive mechanisms of their multiple toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu Wang
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Xueyan Gu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Wuting Lu
- School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yongming Wu
- Research Institute of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330012, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenqing Tu
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Klett NJ, Cravetchi O, Allen CN. Long-Term Imaging Reveals a Circadian Rhythm of Intracellular Chloride in Neurons of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J Biol Rhythms 2022; 37:110-123. [PMID: 34994231 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211059770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both inhibitory and excitatory GABA transmission exist in the mature suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master pacemaker of circadian physiology. Whether GABA is inhibitory or excitatory depends on the intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl-]i). Here, using the genetically encoded ratiometric probe Cl-Sensor, we investigated [Cl-]i in AVP and VIP-expressing SCN neurons for several days in culture. The chloride ratio (RCl) demonstrated circadian rhythmicity in AVP + neurons and VIP + neurons, but was not detected in GFAP + astrocytes. RCl peaked between ZT 7 and ZT 8 in both AVP + and VIP + neurons. RCl rhythmicity was not dependent on the activity of several transmembrane chloride carriers, action potential generation, or the L-type voltage-gated calcium channels, but was sensitive to GABA antagonists. We conclude that [Cl-]i is under circadian regulation in both AVP + and VIP + neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Klett
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Cravetchi
- Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles N Allen
- Oregon Institute for Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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6
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Acosta-Rodríguez VA, Rijo-Ferreira F, Green CB, Takahashi JS. Importance of circadian timing for aging and longevity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2862. [PMID: 34001884 PMCID: PMC8129076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) decreases body weight, improves health, and extends lifespan. DR can be achieved by controlling how much and/or when food is provided, as well as by adjusting nutritional composition. Because these factors are often combined during DR, it is unclear which are necessary for beneficial effects. Several drugs have been utilized that target nutrient-sensing gene pathways, many of which change expression throughout the day, suggesting that the timing of drug administration is critical. Here, we discuss how dietary and pharmacological interventions promote a healthy lifespan by influencing energy intake and circadian rhythms. Circadian clocks link physiologic processes to environmental conditions and a mismatch between internal and external rhythms has negative effects on organismal health. In this review, the authors discuss the interactions between circadian clocks and dietary interventions targeted to promote healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Acosta-Rodríguez
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Filipa Rijo-Ferreira
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Carla B Green
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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7
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Mosser EA, Chiu CN, Tamai TK, Hirota T, Li S, Hui M, Wang A, Singh C, Giovanni A, Kay SA, Prober DA. Identification of pathways that regulate circadian rhythms using a larval zebrafish small molecule screen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12405. [PMID: 31455847 PMCID: PMC6712016 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48914-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock ensures that behavioral and physiological processes occur at appropriate times during the 24-hour day/night cycle, and is regulated at both the cellular and organismal levels. To identify pathways acting on intact animals, we performed a small molecule screen using a luminescent reporter of molecular circadian rhythms in zebrafish larvae. We identified both known and novel pathways that affect circadian period, amplitude and phase. Several drugs identified in the screen did not affect circadian rhythms in cultured cells derived from luminescent reporter embryos or in established zebrafish and mammalian cell lines, suggesting they act via mechanisms absent in cell culture. Strikingly, using drugs that promote or inhibit inflammation, as well as a mutant that lacks microglia, we found that inflammatory state affects circadian amplitude. These results demonstrate a benefit of performing drug screens using intact animals and provide novel targets for treating circadian rhythm disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Mosser
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Program in Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Cindy N Chiu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - T Katherine Tamai
- Centre for Cell and Molecular Dynamics, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Tsuyoshi Hirota
- PRESTO, JST, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Suna Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - May Hui
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Amy Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Chanpreet Singh
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | | | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - David A Prober
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA.
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A Symphony of Signals: Intercellular and Intracellular Signaling Mechanisms Underlying Circadian Timekeeping in Mice and Flies. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092363. [PMID: 31086044 PMCID: PMC6540063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The central pacemakers of circadian timekeeping systems are highly robust yet adaptable, providing the temporal coordination of rhythms in behavior and physiological processes in accordance with the demands imposed by environmental cycles. These features of the central pacemaker are achieved by a multi-oscillator network in which individual cellular oscillators are tightly coupled to the environmental day-night cycle, and to one another via intercellular coupling. In this review, we will summarize the roles of various neurotransmitters and neuropeptides in the regulation of circadian entrainment and synchrony within the mammalian and Drosophila central pacemakers. We will also describe the diverse functions of protein kinases in the relay of input signals to the core oscillator or the direct regulation of the molecular clock machinery.
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9
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Ben-Hamouda N, Poirel VJ, Dispersyn G, Pévet P, Challet E, Pain L. Short-term propofol anaesthesia down-regulates clock genes expression in the master clock. Chronobiol Int 2018; 35:1735-1741. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1499107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nawfel Ben-Hamouda
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Adult intensive Care Medicine and Burns, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Garance Dispersyn
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de recherche biomedicale des armees, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laure Pain
- Institut des neurosciences cellulaires et integratives, Neurobiology of Rhythms, CNRS (UPR3212), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Anesthesiology, Hopitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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McNeill JK, Walton JC, Albers HE. Functional Significance of the Excitatory Effects of GABA in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus. J Biol Rhythms 2018; 33:376-387. [PMID: 29974800 DOI: 10.1177/0748730418782820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Over 90% of neurons within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) express γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Although GABA is primarily an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in vitro studies suggest that the activation of GABAA receptors (GABAAR) elicits excitation in the adult SCN. The ratio of excitatory to inhibitory responses to GABA depends on the balance of chloride influx by Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) and chloride efflux by K+-Cl- cotransporters (KCCs). Excitatory responses to GABA can be blocked by inhibition of the inward chloride cotransporter, NKCC1, with the loop diuretic bumetanide. Here we investigated the role of NKCC1 activity in phase shifting the circadian pacemaker in response to photic and nonphotic signals in male Syrian hamsters housed in constant darkness. In the early subjective night (CT 13.5), injection of bumetanide into the SCN reduced light-induced phase delays. However, during the late subjective night (CT 19), bumetanide administration did not alter light-induced phase advances. Injection of bumetanide during the subjective day (CT 6) did not alter the phase of free-running circadian rhythms but attenuated phase advances induced by injection of the GABAAR agonist muscimol into the SCN. These data support the hypothesis that the excitatory effects of endogenously released GABA contribute to the ability of light to induce phase delays, thereby contributing to the most important function of the circadian system, its entrainment with the day-night cycle. Further, the finding that bumetanide inhibits the phase-advancing effects of muscimol during the subjective day supports the hypothesis that the excitatory responses to GABA also contribute to the ability of nonphotic stimuli to phase shift the circadian pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K McNeill
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - James C Walton
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H Elliott Albers
- Neuroscience Institute and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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11
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Frenkel L, Muraro NI, Beltrán González AN, Marcora MS, Bernabó G, Hermann-Luibl C, Romero JI, Helfrich-Förster C, Castaño EM, Marino-Busjle C, Calvo DJ, Ceriani MF. Organization of Circadian Behavior Relies on Glycinergic Transmission. Cell Rep 2017; 19:72-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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12
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The sleep-promoting and hypothermic effects of glycine are mediated by NMDA receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:1405-16. [PMID: 25533534 PMCID: PMC4397399 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The use of glycine as a therapeutic option for improving sleep quality is a novel and safe approach. However, despite clinical evidence of its efficacy, the details of its mechanism remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the site of action and sleep-promoting mechanisms of glycine in rats. In acute sleep disturbance, oral administration of glycine-induced non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and shortened NREM sleep latency with a simultaneous decrease in core temperature. Oral and intracerebroventricular injection of glycine elevated cutaneous blood flow (CBF) at the plantar surface in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in heat loss. Pretreatment with N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists AP5 and CGP78608 but not the glycine receptor antagonist strychnine inhibited the CBF increase caused by glycine injection into the brain. Induction of c-Fos expression was observed in the hypothalamic nuclei, including the medial preoptic area (MPO) and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) shell after glycine administration. Bilateral microinjection of glycine into the SCN elevated CBF in a dose-dependent manner, whereas no effect was observed when glycine was injected into the MPO and dorsal subparaventricular zone. In addition, microinjection of D-serine into the SCN also increased CBF, whereas these effects were blocked in the presence of L-701324. SCN ablation completely abolished the sleep-promoting and hypothermic effects of glycine. These data suggest that exogenous glycine promotes sleep via peripheral vasodilatation through the activation of NMDA receptors in the SCN shell.
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Yamada Y, Prosser RA. Copper chelation and exogenous copper affect circadian clock phase resetting in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in vitro. Neuroscience 2013; 256:252-61. [PMID: 24161278 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Light stimulates specialized retinal ganglion cells to release glutamate (Glu) onto circadian clock neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Glu resets the phase of the SCN circadian clock by activating N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR) causing either delays or advances in the clock phase, depending on early- or late-night stimulation, respectively. In addition, these Glu-induced phase shifts require tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) receptor activity. Previous studies show that copper (Cu) released at hippocampal synapses can inhibit NMDAR activity, and application of exogenous Cu likewise inhibits NMDAR activity. We investigated the effects of Cu in acute SCN brain slices prepared from C57BL/6Nhsd adult, male mice using treatments that decrease or increase available Cu levels in vitro and recorded neuronal activity on the following day. When bath-applied for 10 min at zeitgeber time (ZT) 16 (where ZT0=lights-on in the donor animal colony), the Cu-specific chelators tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) and bathocuproine disulfonate each induce ∼2.5-3-h phase delays in circadian neuronal activity rhythms, similarly to Glu-induced phase delays. Co-application of 10 μM CuCl2, but not 10 μM CoCl₂ blocks TTM-induced phase delays. Furthermore, TTM causes phase advances when applied at ZT23. At both application times, TTM-induced phase shifts are blocked by NMDA or TrkB receptor antagonists. Surprisingly, bath-application of 10 μM Cu alone also induces phase shifts in analogous experiments at ZT16 and ZT23. Inhibiting NMDAR does not block Cu-induced phase shifts. TrkB inhibition blocks Cu-induced phase delays but not phase advances. Thus, increasing and decreasing Cu availability appear to shift the SCN clock phase through different mechanisms, at least at the receptor level. We propose that Cu plays a role in the SCN circadian clock by modulating Glu signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamada
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - R A Prosser
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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14
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Freeman GM, Krock RM, Aton SJ, Thaben P, Herzog ED. GABA networks destabilize genetic oscillations in the circadian pacemaker. Neuron 2013; 78:799-806. [PMID: 23764285 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Systems of coupled oscillators abound in nature. How they establish stable phase relationships under diverse conditions is fundamentally important. The mammalian suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a self-sustained, synchronized network of circadian oscillators that coordinates daily rhythms in physiology and behavior. To elucidate the underlying topology and signaling mechanisms that modulate circadian synchrony, we discriminated the firing of hundreds of SCN neurons continuously over days. Using an analysis method to identify functional interactions between neurons based on changes in their firing, we characterized a GABAergic network comprised of fast, excitatory, and inhibitory connections that is both stable over days and changes in strength with time of day. By monitoring PERIOD2 protein expression, we provide the first evidence that these millisecond-level interactions actively oppose circadian synchrony and inject jitter into daily rhythms. These results provide a mechanism by which circadian oscillators can tune their phase relationships under different environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mark Freeman
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
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15
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Karnas D, Hicks D, Mordel J, Pévet P, Meissl H. Intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in the diurnal rodent, Arvicanthis ansorgei. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73343. [PMID: 23951350 PMCID: PMC3739746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) represent a new class of photoreceptors which support a variety of non-image forming physiological functions, such as circadian photoentrainment, pupillary light reflex and masking responses to light. In view of the recently proposed role of retinal inputs for the regulation of diurnal and nocturnal behavior, we performed the first deep analysis of the ipRGC system in a diurnal rodent model, Arvicanthisansorgei, and compared the anatomical and physiological properties of ipRGCs with those of nocturnal mice. Based on somata location, stratification pattern and melanopsin expression, we identified two main ipRGC types in the retina of Arvicanthis: M1, constituting 74% of all ipRGCs and non-M1 (consisting mainly of the M2 type) constituting the following 25%. The displaced ipRGCs were rarely encountered. Phenotypical staining patterns of ganglion cell markers showed a preferential expression of Brn3 and neurofilaments in non-M1 ipRGCs. In general, the anatomical properties and molecular phenotyping of ipRGCs in Arvicanthis resemble ipRGCs of the mouse retina, however the percentage of M1 cells is considerably higher in the diurnal animal. Multi-electrode array recordings (MEA) identified in newborn retinas of Arvicanthis three response types of ipRGCs (type I, II and III) which are distinguished by their light sensitivity, response strength, latency and duration. Type I ipRGCs exhibited a high sensitivity to short light flashes and showed, contrary to mouse type I ipRGCs, robust light responses to 10 ms flashes. The morphological, molecular and physiological analysis reveals very few differences between mouse and Arvicanthis ipRGCs. These data imply that the influence of retinal inputs in defining the temporal niche could be related to a stronger cone input into ipRGCs in the cone-rich Arvicanthis retina, and to the higher sensitivity of type I ipRGCs and elevated proportion of M1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karnas
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS UPR-3212 Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - David Hicks
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS UPR-3212 Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail: (HM); (DH)
| | - Jérôme Mordel
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS UPR-3212 Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, CNRS UPR-3212 Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hilmar Meissl
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- * E-mail: (HM); (DH)
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16
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Kovacic P, Somanathan R. Cell signaling, receptors, electrical effects and therapy in circadian rhythm. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2013; 33:267-75. [PMID: 23914781 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2013.822890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm has been the object of much attention. This review addresses the aspects of cell signaling, receptors, therapy and electrical effects in a multifaceted fashion. The pineal gland, which produces the important hormones melatonin and serotonin, exerts a prominent influence, in addition to the supraschiasmatic nucleus. Many aspects involve free radicals which have played a widespread role in biochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kovacic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, San Diego , CA , USA and
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17
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Mordel J, Karnas D, Pévet P, Isope P, Challet E, Meissl H. The output signal of Purkinje cells of the cerebellum and circadian rhythmicity. PLoS One 2013; 8:e58457. [PMID: 23505510 PMCID: PMC3591352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Measurement of clock gene expression has recently provided evidence that the cerebellum, like the master clock in the SCN, contains a circadian oscillator. The cerebellar oscillator is involved in anticipation of mealtime and possibly resides in Purkinje cells. However, the rhythmic gene expression is likely transduced into a circadian cerebellar output signal to exert an effective control of neuronal brain circuits that are responsible for feeding behavior. Using electrophysiological recordings from acute and organotypic cerebellar slices, we tested the hypothesis whether Purkinje cells transmit a circadian modulated signal to their targets in the brain. Extracellular recordings from brain slices revealed the typical discharge pattern previously described in vivo in single cell recordings showing basically a tonic or a trimodal-like firing pattern. However, in acute sagittal cerebellar slices the average spike rate of randomly selected Purkinje cells did not exhibit significant circadian variations, irrespective of their specific firing pattern. Also, frequency and amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents and the amplitude of GABA- and glutamate-evoked currents did not vary with circadian time. Long-term recordings using multielectrode arrays (MEA) allowed to monitor neuronal activity at multiple sites in organotypic cerebellar slices for several days to weeks. With this recording technique we observed oscillations of the firing rate of cerebellar neurons, presumably of Purkinje cells, with a period of about 24 hours which were stable for periods up to three days. The daily renewal of culture medium could induce circadian oscillations of the firing rate of Purkinje cells, a feature that is compatible with the behavior of slave oscillators. However, from the present results it appears that the circadian expression of cerebellar clock genes exerts only a weak influence on the electrical output of cerebellar neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Mordel
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- CNRS UPR3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Diana Karnas
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- CNRS UPR3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paul Pévet
- CNRS UPR3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Isope
- CNRS UPR3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Etienne Challet
- CNRS UPR3212, Institute for Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hilmar Meissl
- Neuroanatomical Department, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- * E-mail:
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