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Inagaki S, Suzuki Y, Kawasaki K, Kondo R, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Mitofusin 1 and 2 differentially regulate mitochondrial function underlying Ca 2+ signaling and proliferation in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 645:137-146. [PMID: 36689810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a substantial role in cytosolic Ca2+ buffering and energy metabolism. We recently demonstrated that mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) regulated Ca2+ signaling by tethering mitochondria and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and thus, facilitated mitochondrial function and the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the physiological role of mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) on Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial function remains unclear. Herein, the roles of Mfn1 and Mfn2 in mitochondrial function underlying Ca2+ signaling, ATP production, and cell proliferation were examined in rat aortic smooth muscle A10 cells. Following an arginine vasopressin-induced increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt), Mfn2 siRNA (siMfn2) reduced cytosolic Ca2+ removal and mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. However, Mfn1 siRNA (siMfn1) attenuated mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, facilitated Ca2+ removal from mitochondria, and resulted in increased [Ca2+]cyt, which was mediated by the downregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) expression and the upregulation of mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCLX) expression. Furthermore, siMfn1 increased the mitochondrial membrane potential, ATP production by adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT), and cell proliferation, whereas siMfn2 exhibited the opposite responses. In conclusion, Mfn1 modulates the expressions of MCU, NCLX, and ANT, and Mfn2 tethers mitochondria to SR, which demonstrates their different mitochondrial functions for Ca2+ signaling, ATP production, and the proliferation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Inagaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabedori Mizuhoku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.
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2
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Tricaud N, Gautier B, Berthelot J, Gonzalez S, Van Hameren G. Traumatic and Diabetic Schwann Cell Demyelination Is Triggered by a Transient Mitochondrial Calcium Release through Voltage Dependent Anion Channel 1. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061447. [PMID: 35740468 PMCID: PMC9220872 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of peripheral neuropathies, among which are traumatic and diabetic peripheral neuropathies, result from the degeneration of the myelin sheath, a process called demyelination. Demyelination does not result from Schwann cell death but from Schwann cell dedifferentiation, which includes reprograming and several catabolic and anabolic events. Starting around 4 h after nerve injury, activation of MAPK/cJun pathways is the earliest characterized step of this dedifferentiation program. Here we show, using real-time in vivo imaging, that Schwann cell mitochondrial pH, motility and calcium content are altered as soon as one hour after nerve injury. Mitochondrial calcium release occurred through the VDAC outer membrane channel and mPTP inner membrane channel. This calcium influx in the cytoplasm induced Schwann-cell demyelination via MAPK/c-Jun activation. Blocking calcium release through VDAC silencing or VDAC inhibitor TRO19622 prevented demyelination. We found that the kinetics of mitochondrial calcium release upon nerve injury were altered in the Schwann cells of diabetic mice suggesting a permanent leak of mitochondrial calcium in the cytoplasm. TRO19622 treatment alleviated peripheral nerve defects and motor deficit in diabetic mice. Together, these data indicate that mitochondrial calcium homeostasis is instrumental in the Schwann cell demyelination program and that blocking VDAC constitutes a molecular basis for developing anti-demyelinating drugs for diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tricaud
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.G.); (J.B.); (S.G.); (G.V.H.)
- I-Stem, UEVE/UPS U861, INSERM U861, AFM, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
- Correspondence:
| | - Benoit Gautier
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.G.); (J.B.); (S.G.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Jade Berthelot
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.G.); (J.B.); (S.G.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Sergio Gonzalez
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.G.); (J.B.); (S.G.); (G.V.H.)
| | - Gerben Van Hameren
- Institut des Neurosciences de Montpellier, Univ. Montpellier, INSERM, 34000 Montpellier, France; (B.G.); (J.B.); (S.G.); (G.V.H.)
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Inagaki S, Suzuki Y, Kawasaki K, Kondo R, Imaizumi Y, Yamamura H. Mitofusin 2 positively regulates Ca 2+ signaling by tethering the sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria in rat aortic smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C295-C305. [PMID: 35704692 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00274.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria buffer cytosolic Ca2+increases following Ca2+ influx from extracellular spaces and Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ store sites under physiological circumstances. Therefore, close contact of mitochondria with the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is required for maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) localizes in both mitochondrial and SR membranes, and is hypothesized to optimize the distance and Ca2+ transfer between these organelles. However, the physiological significance of Mfn2 in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is poorly understood. In the present study, the role of Mfn2 in the physical and functional couplings between SR and mitochondria was examined in rat aortic smooth muscle cells (rASMCs) by confocal and electron microscope imaging. When Mfn2 was knocked-down using siRNA in rASMCs, the mean distance between these organelles was extended from 16.2 to 21.6 nm. The increase in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) induced by 100 nM arginine vasopressin (AVP) was not affected by Mfn2 siRNA knockdown, whereas cytosolic Ca2+ removal was slower after Mfn2 knockdown. Following the AVP-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and Ca2+ refill into the SR were attenuated by Mfn2 knockdown. In addition, Mfn2-knockdown cells exhibited a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨmito) and lower ATP levels in mitochondria. Moreover, Mfn2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation. In contrast, Mfn2 overexpression increased ΔΨmito and cell growth. This study strongly suggests that Mfn2 is responsible for SR-mitochondria Ca2+ signaling by tethering mitochondria to SR, thereby regulating ATP production and proliferation of VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sou Inagaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Suzuki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawasaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rubii Kondo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hisao Yamamura
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Nagoya, Japan
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Matuz-Mares D, González-Andrade M, Araiza-Villanueva MG, Vilchis-Landeros MM, Vázquez-Meza H. Mitochondrial Calcium: Effects of Its Imbalance in Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050801. [PMID: 35624667 PMCID: PMC9138001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium is used in many cellular processes and is maintained within the cell as free calcium at low concentrations (approximately 100 nM), compared with extracellular (millimolar) concentrations, to avoid adverse effects such as phosphate precipitation. For this reason, cells have adapted buffering strategies by compartmentalizing calcium into mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In mitochondria, the calcium concentration is in the millimolar range, as it is in the ER. Mitochondria actively contribute to buffering cellular calcium, but if matrix calcium increases beyond physiological demands, it can promote the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and, consequently, trigger apoptotic or necrotic cell death. The pathophysiological implications of mPTP opening in ischemia-reperfusion, liver, muscle, and lysosomal storage diseases, as well as those affecting the central nervous system, for example, Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported. In this review, we present an updated overview of the main cellular mechanisms of mitochondrial calcium regulation. We specially focus on neurodegenerative diseases related to imbalances in calcium homeostasis and summarize some proposed therapies studied to attenuate these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyamira Matuz-Mares
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | - Martin González-Andrade
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | | | - María Magdalena Vilchis-Landeros
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
| | - Héctor Vázquez-Meza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Cd. Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico; (D.M.-M.); (M.G.-A.); (M.M.V.-L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-5623-2168
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5
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Tanwar J, Singh JB, Motiani RK. Molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial calcium levels: The nuts and bolts of mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Mitochondrion 2021; 57:9-22. [PMID: 33316420 PMCID: PMC7610953 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play vital role in regulating the cellular energetics and metabolism. Further, it is a signaling hub for cell survival and apoptotic pathways. One of the key determinants that calibrate both cellular energetics and survival functions is mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) dynamics. Mitochondrial Ca2+ regulates three Ca2+-sensitive dehydrogenase enzymes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) cycle thereby directly controlling ATP synthesis. On the other hand, excessive Ca2+ concentration within the mitochondrial matrix elevates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and causes mitochondrial membrane depolarization. This leads to opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and release of cytochrome c into cytosol eventually triggering apoptosis. Therefore, it is critical for cell to maintain mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. Since cells can neither synthesize nor metabolize Ca2+, it is the dynamic interplay of Ca2+ handling proteins involved in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and efflux that take the center stage. In this review we would discuss the key molecular machinery regulating mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration. We would focus on the channel complex involved in bringing Ca2+ into mitochondrial matrix i.e. Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter (MCU) and its key regulators Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uptake proteins (MICU1, 2 and 3), MCU regulatory subunit b (MCUb), Essential MCU Regulator (EMRE) and Mitochondrial Ca2+ Uniporter Regulator 1 (MCUR1). Further, we would deliberate on major mitochondrial Ca2+ efflux proteins i.e. Mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger (NCLX) and Leucine zipper EF hand-containing transmembrane1 (Letm1). Moreover, we would highlight the physiological functions of these proteins and discuss their relevance in human pathophysiology. Finally, we would highlight key outstanding questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Tanwar
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), New Delhi 10025, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Jaya Bharti Singh
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India
| | - Rajender K Motiani
- Laboratory of Calciomics and Systemic Pathophysiology (LCSP), Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Delhi-NCR, India.
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6
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Lee T, Huang L, Dong H, Tohru Y, Liu B, Yang R. Impairment of mitochondrial unfolded protein response contribute to resistance declination of H
2
O
2
‐induced injury in senescent MRC‐5 cell model. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2019; 36:89-97. [DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tzu‐Ying Lee
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Li‐Ju Huang
- Teaching and Research CenterKaohsiung Municipal Ta‐Tung Hospital Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Huei‐Ping Dong
- Department of Physical TherapyFooyin University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Yoshioka Tohru
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Bo‐Hong Liu
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
| | - Rei‐Cheng Yang
- Department of PediatricsKaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
- Graduate Institute of MedicineCollege of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung Taiwan ROC
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7
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Karnkowska A, Treitli SC, Brzoň O, Novák L, Vacek V, Soukal P, Barlow LD, Herman EK, Pipaliya SV, Pánek T, Žihala D, Petrželková R, Butenko A, Eme L, Stairs CW, Roger AJ, Eliáš M, Dacks JB, Hampl V. The Oxymonad Genome Displays Canonical Eukaryotic Complexity in the Absence of a Mitochondrion. Mol Biol Evol 2019; 36:2292-2312. [PMID: 31387118 PMCID: PMC6759080 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msz147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that the protist Monocercomonoides exilis completely lacks mitochondria demonstrates that these organelles are not absolutely essential to eukaryotic cells. However, the degree to which the metabolism and cellular systems of this organism have adapted to the loss of mitochondria is unknown. Here, we report an extensive analysis of the M. exilis genome to address this question. Unexpectedly, we find that M. exilis genome structure and content is similar in complexity to other eukaryotes and less "reduced" than genomes of some other protists from the Metamonada group to which it belongs. Furthermore, the predicted cytoskeletal systems, the organization of endomembrane systems, and biosynthetic pathways also display canonical eukaryotic complexity. The only apparent preadaptation that permitted the loss of mitochondria was the acquisition of the SUF system for Fe-S cluster assembly and the loss of glycine cleavage system. Changes in other systems, including in amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress response, were coincident with the loss of mitochondria but are likely adaptations to the microaerophilic and endobiotic niche rather than the mitochondrial loss per se. Apart from the lack of mitochondria and peroxisomes, we show that M. exilis is a fully elaborated eukaryotic cell that is a promising model system in which eukaryotic cell biology can be investigated in the absence of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karnkowska
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
- Department of Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sebastian C Treitli
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Brzoň
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Novák
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Vacek
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Soukal
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Lael D Barlow
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Emily K Herman
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Shweta V Pipaliya
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Tomáš Pánek
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - David Žihala
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Petrželková
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Anzhelika Butenko
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Laura Eme
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Courtney W Stairs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Andrew J Roger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Marek Eliáš
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Joel B Dacks
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Vladimír Hampl
- Department of Parasitology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vestec, Czech Republic
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8
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Gimenez-Molina Y, Villanueva J, Francés MDM, Viniegra S, Gutiérrez LM. Multiple Mechanisms Driving F-actin-Dependent Transport of Organelles to and From Secretory Sites in Bovine Chromaffin Cells. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:344. [PMID: 30356839 PMCID: PMC6190647 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine chromaffin cells represent an excellent model to study the molecular mechanisms associated with the exo-endocytotic cycle of neurotransmitter release. In this study, EGFP-Lifeact and confocal microscopy has been used to analyze the re-organization of the cortical F-actin cytoskeleton associated to organelle transport during secretion with unprecedented detail. In these cells secretory events accumulate in temperature-sensitive and myosin II-dependent F-actin expansions and retractions affecting specific regions of the sub-membrane space. Interestingly, not only vesicles but also mitochondria are transported toward the plasmalemma during these expansions. Simultaneously, we found F-actin cytoskeletal retraction withdraws vesicles from the sub-plasmalemmal space, forming novel empty internal spaces into which organelles can be transported. In addition to these well-coordinated, F-actin-myosin II dependent processes that drive the transport of the majority of vesicles, fast transport of chromaffin vesicles was observed, albeit less frequently, which used F-actin comet tails nucleated from the granular membrane. Thus, upon cell stimulation F-actin structures use diverse mechanisms to transport organelles to and from the membrane during the exo-endocytotic cycle taking place in specific areas of cell periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar Francés
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Salvador Viniegra
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto CSIC-Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
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9
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Félix-Martínez GJ, Gil A, Segura J, Villanueva J, Gutíerrez LM. Modeling the influence of co-localized intracellular calcium stores on the secretory response of bovine chromaffin cells. Comput Biol Med 2018; 100:165-175. [PMID: 30015013 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamines secretion from chromaffin cells is mediated by a Ca2+-dependent process in the submembrane space where the exocytotic machinery is located and high-Ca2+ microdomains (HCMDs) are formed by the coordinated activity of a functional triad composed of Ca2+ channels, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. It has been observed experimentally that subpopulations of cortical mitochondria and ER associate to secretory sites in bovine chromaffin cells. Here, we study the effect of the geometrical distribution of the co-localized cortical organelles both in the formation of HCMDs in the vicinity of Ca2+ channels and on the secretory activity of bovine chromaffin cells in response to a single voltage pulse. Our simulations indicate that co-localized organelles have a dual role in the formation of HCMDs, having, on the one hand, an amplification effect due to the Ca2+-induced Ca2+-release mechanism from the ER and, on the other, acting as physical barriers to Ca2+ diffusion. In addition, our simulations suggest that the increased levels of Ca2+ in the microdomain enhances the secretion of the vesicles co-localized to the Ca2+ channels. As a whole, our results support the idea that the functional triads formed by Ca2+ channels, subplasmalemma ER and mitochondria have a positive effect on the secretion of catecholamines in bovine chromaffin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo J Félix-Martínez
- Depto. de Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain; Depto. de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, 09340, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Amparo Gil
- Depto. de Matemática Aplicada y Ciencias de la Computación, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain.
| | - Javier Segura
- Depto. de Matemáticas, Estadística y Computación, Universidad de Cantabria, 39005, Santander, Spain.
| | - José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Luis M Gutíerrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant, 03550, Alicante, Spain.
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10
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Liu T, Zhao J, Ibarra C, Garcia MU, Uhlén P, Nistér M. Glycosylation controls sodium-calcium exchanger 3 sub-cellular localization during cell cycle. Eur J Cell Biol 2018. [PMID: 29526322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a membrane antiporter that has been identified in the plasma membrane, the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope and in the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). In humans, three genes have been identified, encoding unique NCX proteins. Although extensively studied, the NCX's sub-cellular localization and mechanisms regulating the activity of different subtypes are still ambiguous. Here we investigated the subcellular localization of the NCX subtype 3 (NCX3) and its impact on the cell cycle. Two phenotypes, switching from one to the other during the cell cycle, were detected. One phenotype was NCX3 in the plasma membrane during S and M phase, and the other was NCX3 in the ER membrane during resting and interphase. Glycosylation of NCX3 at the N45 site was required for targeting the protein to the plasma membrane, and the N45 site functioned as an on-off switch for the translocation of NCX3 to either the plasma membrane or the membrane of the ER. Introduction of an N-glycosylation deficient NCX3 mutant led to an arrest of cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. This was accompanied by accumulation of de-glycosylated NCX3 in the cytosol (that is in the ER), where it transported calcium ions (Ca2+) from the cytosol to the ER. These results, obtained in transfected HEK293T and HeLa and confirmed endogenously in SH-SY5Y cells, suggest that cells can use a dynamic Ca2+ signaling toolkit in which the NCX3 sub-cellular localization changes in synchrony with the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:05, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:05, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Cristian Ibarra
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maxime U Garcia
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:05, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Uhlén
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Monica Nistér
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, CCK R8:05, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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11
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Yen TTC, Yang A, Chiu WT, Li TN, Wang LH, Wu YH, Wang HC, Chen L, Wang WC, Huang W, Chang CW, Chang MDT, Shen MR, Su IJ, Wang LHC. Hepatitis B virus PreS2-mutant large surface antigen activates store-operated calcium entry and promotes chromosome instability. Oncotarget 2018; 7:23346-60. [PMID: 26992221 PMCID: PMC5029631 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma, and two viral products, X and large surface antigen (LHBS), are viral oncoproteins. During chronic viral infection, immune-escape mutants on the preS2 region of LHBS (preS2-LHBS) are gain-of-function mutations that are linked to preneoplastic ground glass hepatocytes (GGHs) and early disease onset of hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, we show that preS2-LHBS provoked calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and triggered stored-operated calcium entry (SOCE). The activation of SOCE increased ER and plasma membrane (PM) connections, which was linked by ER- resident stromal interaction molecule-1 (STIM1) protein and PM-resident calcium release- activated calcium modulator 1 (Orai1). Persistent activation of SOCE induced centrosome overduplication, aberrant multipolar division, chromosome aneuploidy, anchorage-independent growth, and xenograft tumorigenesis in hepatocytes expressing preS2- LHBS. Chemical inhibitions of SOCE machinery and silencing of STIM1 significantly reduced centrosome numbers, multipolar division, and xenograft tumorigenesis induced by preS2-LHBS. These results provide the first mechanistic link between calcium homeostasis and chromosome instability in hepatocytes carrying preS2-LHBS. Therefore, persistent activation of SOCE represents a novel pathological mechanism in HBV-mediated hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Ting-Chung Yen
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Anderson Yang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Tai Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Tian-Neng Li
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lyu-Han Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chen Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Development Center for Biotechnology, Taipei 22180, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Margaret Dah-Tsyr Chang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Shen
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Jen Su
- Center of Infectious Diseases and Signal Transduction, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan 704, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Lily Hui-Ching Wang
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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12
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Sassano ML, van Vliet AR, Agostinis P. Mitochondria-Associated Membranes As Networking Platforms and Regulators of Cancer Cell Fate. Front Oncol 2017; 7:174. [PMID: 28868254 PMCID: PMC5563315 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tight cross talk between two essential organelles of the cell, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is spatially and functionally regulated by specific microdomains known as the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs). MAMs are hot spots of Ca2+ transfer between the ER and mitochondria, and emerging data indicate their vital role in the regulation of fundamental physiological processes, chief among them mitochondria bioenergetics, proteostasis, cell death, and autophagy. Moreover, and perhaps not surprisingly, it has become clear that signaling events regulated at the ER-mitochondria intersection regulate key processes in oncogenesis and in the response of cancer cells to therapeutics. ER-mitochondria appositions have been shown to dynamically recruit oncogenes and tumor suppressors, modulating their activity and protein complex formation, adapt the bioenergetic demand of cancer cells and to regulate cell death pathways and redox signaling in cancer cells. In this review, we discuss some emerging players of the ER-mitochondria contact sites in mammalian cells, the key processes they regulate and recent evidence highlighting the role of MAMs in shaping cell-autonomous and non-autonomous signals that regulate cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Livia Sassano
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alexander R. van Vliet
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrizia Agostinis
- Cell Death Research and Therapy (CDRT) Laboratory, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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13
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Ortiz GG, Pacheco Moisés FP, Mireles-Ramírez M, Flores-Alvarado LJ, González-Usigli H, Sánchez-González VJ, Sánchez-López AL, Sánchez-Romero L, Díaz-Barba EI, Santoscoy-Gutiérrez JF, Rivero-Moragrega P. Oxidative Stress: Love and Hate History in Central Nervous System. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2017; 108:1-31. [PMID: 28427557 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Molecular oxygen is essential for aerobic organisms in order to synthesize large amounts of energy during the process of oxidative phosphorylation and it is harnessed in the form of adenosine triphosphate, the chemical energy of the cell. Oxygen is toxic for anaerobic organisms but it is also less obvious that oxygen is poisonous to aerobic organisms at higher concentrations of oxygen. For instance, oxygen toxicity is a condition resulting from the harmful effects of breathing molecular oxygen at increased partial pressures. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive molecules containing oxygen that are formed as a natural byproduct of the normal metabolism of oxygen and have important roles in cell signaling and homeostasis. However, in pathological conditions ROS levels can increase dramatically. This may result in significant damage to cell structures. Living organisms have been adapted to the ROS in two ways: they can mitigate the unwanted effects through removal by the antioxidant systems and can advantageously use them as messengers in cell signaling and regulation of body functions. Some other physiological functions of ROS include the regulation of vascular tone, detection, and adaptation to hypoxia. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of oxidative damage and its relationship with the most highly studied neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Fermín P Pacheco Moisés
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mario Mireles-Ramírez
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luis J Flores-Alvarado
- Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Héctor González-Usigli
- Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Angélica L Sánchez-López
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Eduardo I Díaz-Barba
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - J Francisco Santoscoy-Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Paloma Rivero-Moragrega
- Laboratorio de Mitocondria-Estrés Oxidativo y Patología, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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14
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Vafopoulou X, Steel CGH. Mitochondria and the insect steroid hormone receptor (EcR): A complex relationship. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 237:68-77. [PMID: 27497706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The actions of the insect steroid molting hormones, ecdysteroids, on the genome of target cells has been well studied, but little is known of their extranuclear actions. We previously showed in Rhodnius prolixus that much of the ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) resides in the cytoplasm of various cell types and undergoes shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm with circadian periodicity, possibly using microtubules as tracks for translocation to the nucleus. Here we report that cytoplasmic EcR appears to be also involved in extranuclear actions of ecdysteroids by association with the mitochondria. Western blots of subcellular fractions of brain lysates revealed that EcR is localized in the mitochondrial fraction, indicating an intimate association of EcR with mitochondria. Confocal laser microscopy and immunohistochemistry using anti-EcR revealed abundant co-localization of EcR with mitochondria in brain neurons and their axons, especially intense in the subplasmalemmal region, raising the possibility of EcR involvement in mitochondrial functions in subplasmalemmal microdomains. When mitochondria are dispersed by disruption of microtubules with colchicine, EcR remains associated with mitochondria showing strong receptor association with mitochondria. Treatment in vitro with ecdysteroids of brains of developmentally arrested R. prolixus (containing neither ecdysteroids nor EcR) induces EcR and abundant co-localization with mitochondria in neurons, concurrently with a sharp increase of the mitochondrial protein COX 1, suggesting involvement of EcR in mitochondrial function. These findings align EcR with various vertebrate steroid receptors, where actions of steroid receptors on mitochondria are widely known and suggest that steroid receptors across distant phyla share similar functional attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin G H Steel
- Biology Department, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Naia L, Ferreira IL, Ferreiro E, Rego AC. Mitochondrial Ca 2+ handling in Huntington's and Alzheimer's diseases - Role of ER-mitochondria crosstalk. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:1069-1077. [PMID: 27485547 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a relevant role in Ca2+ buffering, governing energy metabolism and neuronal function. Huntington's disease (HD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are two neurodegenerative disorders that, although clinically distinct, share pathological features linked to selective brain damage. These include mitochondrial dysfunction, intracellular Ca2+ deregulation and mitochondrial Ca2+ handling deficits. Both diseases are associated with misfolding and aggregation of specific proteins that physically interact with mitochondria and interfere with endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/mitochondria-contact sites. Cumulating evidences indicate that impairment of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis underlies the susceptibility to selective neuronal death observed in HD and AD; however data obtained with different models and experimental approaches are not always consistent. In this review, we explore the recent literature on deregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ handling underlying the interplay between mitochondria and ER in HD and AD-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Naia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ildete Luísa Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ferreiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), Polo II, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - A Cristina Rego
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; FMUC-Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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16
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Yilmaz E, Gold MS. Paclitaxel-induced increase in NCX activity in subpopulations of nociceptive afferents: A protective mechanism against chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy? Cell Calcium 2016; 60:25-31. [PMID: 27166151 PMCID: PMC4907840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We recently demonstrated, in a rat model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN), that there is a significant decrease in the duration of the depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) transient in isolated somata of putative nociceptive afferents innervating the glabrous skin of the hindpaw, but no change in transient magnitude or the resting concentration of intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)]i). Because the Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) only contributes to the regulation of the duration of the evoked Ca(2+) transient, in putative nociceptive dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, we hypothesized that an increase in NCX activity underlies the CIPN-induced change in this subpopulation of neurons. Acutely dissociated retrogradely labeled sensory neurons from naïve, vehicle-, and paclitaxel-treated rats were studied with fura-2 based Ca(2+) imaging. There was no difference in the relative level of NCX activity between glabrous neurons from paclitaxel-treated or control rats. However, in contrast to the relatively large and long lasting Ca(2+) transients needed to evoke NCX activity in neurons from naïve rats, there was evidence of resting NCX activity in glabrous neurons from both vehicle- and paclitaxel-treated rats. More interestingly, there was a paclitaxel-induced increase in NCX activity in putative nociceptive neurons innervating the thigh, neurons in which there is no evidence of a change in the depolarization-induced Ca(2+) transient, or a body site in which there was a change in nociceptive threshold. Furthermore, while the majority of NCX activity in glabrous neurons is sensitive to the NCX3-preferring blocker KB-R7943, the increase in NCX activity in thigh neurons was resistant to KB-R7943 but sensitive to the NCX1-preferring blocker SEA0400. These results suggest that a mechanism(s) other than NCX underlies the paclitaxel-induced decrease in the duration of the evoked Ca(2+) transient in putative nociceptive glabrous skin neurons. However, the compensatory response to paclitaxel observed may also explain why only subpopulations of sensory neurons are impacted by paclitaxel, raising the intriguing possibility that CIPN is due to the failure of injured neurons to appropriately compensate for the deleterious consequences of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eser Yilmaz
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States
| | - Michael S Gold
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, United States.
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17
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Villanueva J, Gimenez-Molina Y, Viniegra S, Gutiérrez LM. F-actin cytoskeleton and the fate of organelles in chromaffin cells. J Neurochem 2016; 137:860-6. [PMID: 26843469 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In addition to playing a fundamental structural role, the F-actin cytoskeleton in neuroendocrine chromaffin cells has a prominent influence on governing the molecular mechanism and regulating the secretory process. Performing such roles, the F-actin network might be essential to first transport, and later locate the cellular organelles participating in the secretory cycle. Chromaffin granules are transported from the internal cytosolic regions to the cell periphery along microtubular and F-actin structures. Once in the cortical region, they are embedded in the F-actin network where these vesicles experience restrictions in motility. Similarly, mitochondria transport is affected by both microtubule and F-actin inhibitors and suffers increasing motion restrictions when they are located in the cortical region. Therefore, the F-actin cortex is a key factor in defining the existence of two populations of cortical and perinuclear granules and mitochondria which could be distinguished by their different location and mobility. Interestingly, other important organelles for controlling intracellular calcium levels, such as the endoplasmic reticulum network, present clear differences in distribution and much lower mobility than chromaffin vesicles and mitochondria. Nevertheless, both mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum appear to distribute in the proximity of secretory sites to fulfill a pivotal role, forming triads with calcium channels ensuring the fine tuning of the secretory response. This review presents the contributions that provide the basis for our current view regarding the influence that F-actin has on the distribution of organelles participating in the release of catecholamines in chromaffin cells, and summarizes this knowledge in simple models. In chromaffin cells, organelles such as granules and mitochondria distribute forming cortical and perinuclear populations whereas others like the ER present homogenous distributions. In the present review we discuss the role of transport systems and the existence of an F-actin cortical structure as the main factors behind the formation of organelle subpopulations in this neuroendocrine cell model. This article is part of a mini review series on Chromaffin cells (ISCCB Meeting, 2015). Cover image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13322.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Villanueva
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Yolanda Gimenez-Molina
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Salvador Viniegra
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
| | - Luis M Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Centro Mixto Universidad Miguel Hernández-CSIC, Sant Joan d'Alacant (Alicante), Spain
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18
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Lange I, Moschny J, Tamanyan K, Khutsishvili M, Atha D, Borris RP, Koomoa DL. Scrophularia orientalis extract induces calcium signaling and apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:1608-16. [PMID: 26848085 PMCID: PMC4777595 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective neuroblastoma (NB) treatments are still limited despite treatment options available today. Therefore, this study attempted to identify novel plant extracts that have anticancer effects. Cytotoxicity and increased intracellular calcium levels were determined using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and Fluo4-AM (acetoxymethyl) staining and fluorescence microscopy in NB cells in order to screen a library of plant extracts. The current study examined the anticancer effects of a dichloromethane extract from Scrophularia orientalis L. (Scrophulariaceae), a plant that has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine. This extract contained highly potent agents that significantly reduced cell survival and increased calcium levels in NB cells. Further analysis revealed that cell death induced by this extract was associated with intracellular calcium release, opening of the MPTP, caspase 3- and PARP-cleavage suggesting that this extract induced aberrant calcium signaling that resulted in apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Therefore, agents from Scrophularia orientalis may have the potential to lead to new chemo therapeutic anticancer drugs. Furthermore, targeting intracellular calcium signaling may be a novel strategy to develop more effective treatments for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Lange
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Julia Moschny
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Kamilla Tamanyan
- Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Manana Khutsishvili
- National Herbarium of Georgia, Institute of Botany, Ilia State University, Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Daniel Atha
- The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Robert P Borris
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dana-Lynn Koomoa
- Daniel K. Inouye College of Pharmacy, University of Hawaii at Hilo, Hilo, HI, USA
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19
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Fonteriz R, Matesanz-Isabel J, Arias-Del-Val J, Alvarez-Illera P, Montero M, Alvarez J. Modulation of Calcium Entry by Mitochondria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:405-21. [PMID: 27161238 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of mitochondria in intracellular Ca(2+) signaling relies mainly in its capacity to take up Ca(2+) from the cytosol and thus modulate the cytosolic [Ca(2+)]. Because of the low Ca(2+)-affinity of the mitochondrial Ca(2+)-uptake system, this organelle appears specially adapted to take up Ca(2+) from local high-Ca(2+) microdomains and not from the bulk cytosol. Mitochondria would then act as local Ca(2+) buffers in cellular regions where high-Ca(2+) microdomains form, that is, mainly close to the cytosolic mouth of Ca(2+) channels, both in the plasma membrane and in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One of the first targets proposed already in the 1990s to be regulated in this way by mitochondria were the store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOCE). Mitochondria, by taking up Ca(2+) from the region around the cytosolic mouth of the SOCE channels, would prevent its slow Ca(2+)-dependent inactivation, thus keeping them active for longer. Since then, evidence for this mechanism has accumulated mainly in immunitary cells, where mitochondria actually move towards the immune synapse during T cell activation. However, in many other cell types the available data indicate that the close apposition between plasma and ER membranes occurring during SOCE activation precludes mitochondria from getting close to the Ca(2+)-entry sites. Alternative pathways for mitochondrial modulation of SOCE, both Ca(2+)-dependent and Ca(2+)-independent, have also been proposed, but further work will be required to elucidate the actual mechanisms at work. Hopefully, the recent knowledge of the molecular nature of the mitochondrial Ca(2+) uniporter will allow soon more precise studies on this matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Fonteriz
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Matesanz-Isabel
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jessica Arias-Del-Val
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Pilar Alvarez-Illera
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Mayte Montero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Javier Alvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología, Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramon y Cajal 7, 47005, Valladolid, Spain.
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20
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Ca2+ Diffusion through Endoplasmic Reticulum Supports Elevated Intraterminal Ca2+ Levels Needed to Sustain Synaptic Release from Rods in Darkness. J Neurosci 2015; 35:11364-73. [PMID: 26269643 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0754-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED In addition to vesicle release at synaptic ribbons, rod photoreceptors are capable of substantial slow release at non-ribbon release sites triggered by Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) from intracellular stores. To maintain CICR as rods remain depolarized in darkness, we hypothesized that Ca(2+) released into the cytoplasm from terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be replenished continuously by ions diffusing within the ER from the soma. We measured [Ca(2+)] changes in cytoplasm and ER of rods from Ambystoma tigrinum retina using various dyes. ER [Ca(2+)] changes were measured by loading ER with fluo-5N and then washing dye from the cytoplasm with a dye-free patch pipette solution. Small dye molecules diffused within ER between soma and terminal showing a single continuous ER compartment. Depolarization of rods to -40 mV depleted Ca(2+) from terminal ER, followed by a decline in somatic ER [Ca(2+)]. Local activation of ryanodine receptors in terminals with a spatially confined puff of ryanodine caused a decline in terminal ER [Ca(2+)], followed by a secondary decrease in somatic ER. Localized photolytic uncaging of Ca(2+) from o-nitrophenyl-EGTA in somatic ER caused an abrupt Ca(2+) increase in somatic ER, followed by a slower Ca(2+) increase in terminal ER. These data suggest that, during maintained depolarization, a soma-to-terminal [Ca(2+)] gradient develops within the ER that promotes diffusion of Ca(2+) ions to resupply intraterminal ER Ca(2+) stores and thus sustain CICR-mediated synaptic release. The ability of Ca(2+) to move freely through the ER may also promote bidirectional communication of Ca(2+) changes between soma and terminal. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Vertebrate rod and cone photoreceptors both release vesicles at synaptic ribbons, but rods also exhibit substantial slow release at non-ribbon sites triggered by Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR). Blocking CICR inhibits >50% of release from rods in darkness. How do rods maintain sufficiently high [Ca(2+)] in terminal endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to support sustained CICR-driven synaptic transmission? We show that maintained depolarization creates a [Ca(2+)] gradient within the rod ER lumen that promotes soma-to-terminal diffusion of Ca(2+) to replenish intraterminal ER stores. This mechanism allows CICR-triggered synaptic release to be sustained indefinitely while rods remain depolarized in darkness. Free diffusion of Ca(2+) within the ER may also communicate synaptic Ca(2+) changes back to the soma to influence other critical cell processes.
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Caricati-Neto A, García AG, Bergantin LB. Pharmacological implications of the Ca(2+)/cAMP signaling interaction: from risk for antihypertensive therapy to potential beneficial for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2015; 3:e00181. [PMID: 26516591 PMCID: PMC4618650 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we discussed pharmacological implications of the Ca2+/cAMP signaling interaction in the antihypertensive and neurological/psychiatric disorders therapies. Since 1975, several clinical studies have reported that acute and chronic administration of L-type voltage-activated Ca2+ channels (VACCs) blockers, such as nifedipine, produces reduction in peripheral vascular resistance and arterial pressure associated with an increase in plasma noradrenaline levels and heart rate, typical of sympathetic hyperactivity. Despite this sympathetic hyperactivity has been initially attributed to adjust reflex of arterial pressure, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this apparent sympathomimetic effect of the L-type VACCs blockers remained unclear for decades. In addition, experimental studies using isolated tissues richly innervated by sympathetic nerves (to exclude the influence of adjusting reflex) showed that neurogenic responses were completely inhibited by L-type VACCs blockers in concentrations above 1 μmol/L, but paradoxically potentiated in concentrations below 1 μmol/L. During almost four decades, these enigmatic phenomena remained unclear. In 2013, we discovered that this paradoxical increase in sympathetic activity produced by L-type VACCs blocker is due to interaction of the Ca2+/cAMP signaling pathways. Then, the pharmacological manipulation of the Ca2+/cAMP interaction produced by combination of the L-type VACCs blockers used in the antihypertensive therapy, and cAMP accumulating compounds used in the antidepressive therapy, could represent a potential cardiovascular risk for hypertensive patients due to increase in sympathetic hyperactivity. In contrast, this pharmacological manipulation could be a new therapeutic strategy for increasing neurotransmission in psychiatric disorders, and producing neuroprotection in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Caricati-Neto
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando de I+D del Medicamento, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Leandro Bueno Bergantin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
The regulatory protein STIM1 controls gating of the Ca(2+) channel ORAI1 by a direct protein-protein interaction. Because STIM1 is anchored in the ER membrane and ORAI1 is in the plasma membrane, the STIM-ORAI pathway can support Ca(2+) influx only where the two membranes come into close apposition, effectively demarcating a microdomain for Ca(2+) signalling. This review begins with a brief summary of the STIM-ORAI pathway of store-operated Ca(2+) influx, then turns to the special geometry of the STIM-ORAI microdomain and the expected characteristics of the microdomain Ca(2+) signal. A final section of the review seeks to place the STIM-ORAI microdomain into a broader context of cellular Ca(2+) signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick G Hogan
- La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Calvo M, Sanz-Blasco S, Caballero E, Villalobos C, Núñez L. Susceptibility to excitotoxicity in aged hippocampal cultures and neuroprotection by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: role of mitochondrial calcium. J Neurochem 2015; 132:403-17. [DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Calvo
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Sara Sanz-Blasco
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Erica Caballero
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular (IBGM); Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) and Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Fisiología; Universidad de Valladolid; Valladolid Spain
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Chen M, Križaj D, Thoreson WB. Intracellular calcium stores drive slow non-ribbon vesicle release from rod photoreceptors. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:20. [PMID: 24550779 PMCID: PMC3910126 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rods are capable of greater slow release than cones contributing to overall slower release kinetics. Slow release in rods involves Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). By impairing release from ribbons, we found that unlike cones where release occurs entirely at ribbon-style active zones, slow release from rods occurs mostly at ectopic, non-ribbon sites. To investigate the role of CICR in ribbon and non-ribbon release from rods, we used total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy as a tool for visualizing terminals of isolated rods loaded with fluorescent Ca2+ indicator dyes and synaptic vesicles loaded with dextran-conjugated pH-sensitive rhodamine. We found that rather than simply facilitating release, activation of CICR by ryanodine triggered release directly in rods, independent of plasma membrane Ca2+ channel activation. Ryanodine-evoked release occurred mostly at non-ribbon sites and release evoked by sustained depolarization at non-ribbon sites was mostly due to CICR. Unlike release at ribbon-style active zones, non-ribbon release did not occur at fixed locations. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-tracker dye in rod terminals showed that ER extends continuously from synapse to soma. Release of Ca2+ from terminal ER by lengthy depolarization did not significantly deplete Ca2+ from ER in the perikaryon. Collectively, these results indicate that CICR-triggered release at non-ribbon sites is a major mechanism for maintaining vesicle release from rods and that CICR in terminals may be sustained by diffusion of Ca2+ through ER from other parts of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Križaj
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Wallace B Thoreson
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA ; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, NE, USA
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Parekh AB. An introduction to the Bioscience Birthday Symposium held in honour of Ole Petersen CBE, FRS. J Physiol 2014; 592:259-60. [DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2013.266429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anant B. Parekh
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics; Sherrington Building, Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PT UK
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