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Wang X, Li K, Yuan Y, Zhang N, Zou Z, Wang Y, Yan S, Li X, Zhao P, Li Q. Nonlinear Elasticity of Blood Vessels and Vascular Grafts. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:3631-3654. [PMID: 38815169 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.4c00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
The transplantation of vascular grafts has emerged as a prevailing approach to address vascular disorders. However, the development of small-diameter vascular grafts is still in progress, as they serve in a more complicated mechanical environment than their counterparts with larger diameters. The biocompatibility and functional characteristics of small-diameter vascular grafts have been well developed; however, mismatch in mechanical properties between the vascular grafts and native arteries has not been accomplished, which might facilitate the long-term patency of small-diameter vascular grafts. From a point of view in mechanics, mimicking the nonlinear elastic mechanical behavior exhibited by natural blood vessels might be the state-of-the-art in designing vascular grafts. This review centers on elucidating the nonlinear elastic behavior of natural blood vessels and vascular grafts. The biological functionality and limitations associated with as-reported vascular grafts are meticulously reviewed and the future trajectory for fabricating biomimetic small-diameter grafts is discussed. This review might provide a different insight from the traditional design and fabrication of artificial vascular grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kecheng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zifan Zou
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shujie Yan
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiaomeng Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Mechanics and Safety Engineering, National Center for International Research of Micro-nano Molding Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Mechanical characterisation of the human dura mater, falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus. Acta Biomater 2021; 134:388-400. [PMID: 34314888 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The cranial meninges have been shown to play a pivotal role in traumatic brain injury mechanopathology. However, while the mechanical response of the brain and its many subregions have been studied extensively, the meninges have conventionally been overlooked. This paper presents the first comparative mechanical analysis of human dura mater, falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus tissues. Biaxial tensile analysis identified that these tissues are mechanically heterogeneous, in contrast to the assumption that the tissues are mechanically homogeneous which is typically employed in FE model design. A thickness of 0.91 ± 0.05 (standard error) mm for the falx cerebri was also identified. This data can aid in improving the biofidelity of the influential falx structure in FE models. Additionally, the use of a collagen hybridizing peptide on the superior sagittal sinus suggests this structure is particularly susceptible to the effects of circumferential stretch, which may have important implications for clinical treatment of dural venous sinus pathologies. Collectively, this research progresses understanding of meningeal mechanical and structural characteristics and may aid in elucidating the behaviour of these tissues in healthy and diseased conditions. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study presents the first evaluation of human falx cerebri and superior sagittal sinus mechanical, geometrical and structural properties, along with a comparison to cranial dura mater. To mechanically characterise the tissues, biaxial tensile testing is conducted on the tissues. This analysis identifies, for the first time, mechanical stiffness differences between these tissues. Additionally, geometrical analysis identifies that there are thickness differences between the tissues. The evaluation of human meningeal tissues allows for direct implementation of the novel data to finite element head injury models to enable improved biofidelity of these influential structures in traumatic brain injury simulations. This work also identifies that the superior sagittal sinus may be easily damaged during clinical angioplasty procedures, which may inform the treatment of dural sinus pathologies.
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Paritala PK, Yarlagadda PKDV, Kansky R, Wang J, Mendieta JB, Gu Y, McGahan T, Lloyd T, Li Z. Stress-Relaxation and Cyclic Behavior of Human Carotid Plaque Tissue. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:60. [PMID: 32117939 PMCID: PMC7026010 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerotic plaque rupture is a catastrophic event that contributes to mortality and long-term disability. A better understanding of the plaque mechanical behavior is essential for the identification of vulnerable plaques pre-rupture. Plaque is subjected to a natural dynamic mechanical environment under hemodynamic loading. Therefore, it is important to understand the mechanical response of plaque tissue under cyclic loading conditions. Moreover, experimental data of such mechanical properties are fundamental for more clinically relevant biomechanical modeling and numerical simulations for risk stratification. This study aims to experimentally and numerically characterize the stress-relaxation and cyclic mechanical behavior of carotid plaque tissue. Instron microtester equipped with a custom-developed setup was used for the experiments. Carotid plaque samples excised at endarterectomy were subjected to uniaxial tensile, stress-relaxation, and cyclic loading protocols. Thirty percent of the underlying load level obtained from the uniaxial tensile test results was used to determine the change in mechanical properties of the tissue over time under a controlled testing environment (Control tests). The stress-relaxation test data was used to calibrate the hyperelastic (neo-Hookean, Ogden, Yeoh) and linear viscoelastic (Prony series) material parameters. The normalized relaxation force increased initially and slowly stabilized toward the end of relaxation phase, highlighting the viscoelastic behavior. During the cyclic tests, there was a decrease in the peak force as a function of the cycle number indicating mechanical distension due to repeated loading that varied with different frequencies. The material also accumulated residual deformation, which increased with the cycle number. This trend showed softening behavior of the samples. The results of this preliminary study provide an enhanced understanding of in vivo stress-relaxation and cyclic behavior of the human atherosclerotic plaque tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phani Kumari Paritala
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Prasad K D V Yarlagadda
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhys Kansky
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jiaqiu Wang
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Benitez Mendieta
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - YuanTong Gu
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim McGahan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Radiology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Luo X, Du L, Li Z. Ultrasound assessment of tensile stress in carotid arteries of healthy human subjects with varying age. BMC Med Imaging 2019; 19:93. [PMID: 31783804 PMCID: PMC6884773 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-019-0394-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial remodeling is thought to reflect the adaptation of the vessel wall to mechanical and hemodynamic stimuli and contributes to the progression of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tensile stress (TS) is one of the mechanical properties of the artery wall. The purpose of this study was to investigate the tensile stress change (TS) of carotid artery with varying viscoelasticity in healthy subjects within two groups of different ages. Methods Forty-five subjects were recruited and randomly assigned into the group at the age above 50 years and below 50 years. The carotid arteries were examined by ultrasonography, using the techniques of shear wave elastography (SWE), shear wave dispersion (SWD) and radiofrequency (RF) -based ultrasound. The following values, including elastic modulus (SWER) and viscous index (SWDR), as well as the peak and mean TS of the left and right carotid arteries (L-PTS, R-PTS, L-MTS and R-MTS) were measured. The correlations between SWER, SWDR and tensile stress were evaluated. Results The SWER and SWDR of carotid arteries are lower in the subjects ≥50 years old than the subjects younger than 50 years (SWER, 10.29 ± 9.57 kPa VS 17.24 ± 14.07 kPa; SWDR, 11.99 ± 3.51 (m/s)/kHz VS 13.97 ± 3.71 (m/s)/kHz, P < 0.05). The R-PTS was lower in the group with younger age (P < 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that SWER of carotid artery was positively correlated with the parameters of tensile stress, R-PTS, R-MTS, L-PTS and L-MTS(r = 0.218, r = 0.359, r = 0.209 and r = 0.369, respectively, P < 0.05). However, SWDR of carotid arteries was not significantly associated with TS. Conclusion Ultrasonic shear wave imaging could be used to quantitatively assess carotid viscoelasticity. The carotid TS was related to its elasticity while little related to its viscosity, suggesting that mechanical properties of the arterial wall might be better revealed. Trial registration Date of our trial registration: 2018-06-11. Registered with the official website of China Clinical Trial Registration Center (ChiCTR1800016590)
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Luo
- Department of Echocardiography, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Zhaojun Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 100 Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Yu E, Mi HY, Zhang J, Thomson JA, Turng LS. Development of biomimetic thermoplastic polyurethane/fibroin small-diameter vascular grafts via a novel electrospinning approach. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:985-996. [PMID: 29143442 PMCID: PMC5826852 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 10/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new electrospinning approach for fabricating vascular grafts with a layered, circumferentially aligned, and micro-wavy fibrous structure similar to natural elastic tissues has been developed. The customized electrospinning collector was able to generate wavy fibers using the dynamic "jump rope" collecting process, which also solved the sample removal problem for mandrel-type collectors. In this study, natural silk fibroin and synthetic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were combined at different weight ratios to produce hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts. The purpose of combining these two materials was to leverage the bioactivity and tunable mechanical properties of these natural and synthetic materials. Results showed that the electrospun fiber morphology was highly influenced by the material compositions and solvents employed. All of the TPU/fibroin hybrid grafts had mechanical properties comparable to natural blood vessels. The circumferentially aligned and wavy biomimetic configuration provided the grafts with a sufficient toe region and the capacity for long-term usage under repeated dilatation and contraction. Cell culture tests with human endothelial cells (EC) also revealed high cell viability and good biocompatibility for these grafts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 985-996, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53715
| | - Hao-Yang Mi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53715
- Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Morgridge Institute for Research, WI, USA, 53715
| | | | - Lih-Sheng Turng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53706
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin–Madison, WI, USA, 53715
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Pasquesi SA, Margulies SS. Failure and Fatigue Properties of Immature Human and Porcine Parasagittal Bridging Veins. Ann Biomed Eng 2017; 45:1877-1889. [PMID: 28405773 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-017-1833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tearing of the parasagittal bridging veins (BVs) is thought to be a source of extra-axial hemorrhage (EAH) associated with abusive traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in children. However, the pediatric BV mechanical properties are unknown. We subjected porcine adult, porcine newborn, and human infant BVs to either a low rate pull to failure, a high rate pull to failure, or 30 s of cyclic loading followed by a pull to failure. An additional subset of human infant BVs was examined for viscoelastic recovery between two cycling episodes. We found that human infant BVs are stronger than porcine BVs, and BV mechanical properties are rate dependent, but not age dependent. Successive cyclic loading to a uniform level of stretch softened BVs with decaying peak stresses, and shifted their stress-stretch relationship. These data are critical in understanding BV tissue behavior in accidental and abusive trauma scenarios, which in turn may clarify circumstances that may be injurious to young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Pasquesi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6321, USA
| | - Susan S Margulies
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, 240 Skirkanich Hall, 210 South 33rd Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6321, USA.
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