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van de Velde L, van Helvert M, Engelhard S, Ghanbarzadeh-Dagheyan A, Mirgolbabaee H, Voorneveld J, Lajoinie G, Versluis M, Reijnen MMPJ, Groot Jebbink E. Validation of ultrasound velocimetry and computational fluid dynamics for flow assessment in femoral artery stenotic disease. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2024; 11:037001. [PMID: 38765874 PMCID: PMC11097197 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.11.3.037001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the accuracy of high-framerate echo particle image velocimetry (ePIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for determining velocity vectors in femoral bifurcation models through comparison with optical particle image velocimetry (oPIV). Approach Separate femoral bifurcation models were built for oPIV and ePIV measurements of a non-stenosed (control) and a 75%-area stenosed common femoral artery. A flow loop was used to create triphasic pulsatile flow. In-plane velocity vectors were measured with oPIV and ePIV. Flow was simulated with CFD using boundary conditions from ePIV and additional duplex-ultrasound (DUS) measurements. Mean differences and 95%-limits of agreement (1.96*SD) of the velocity magnitudes in space and time were compared, and the similarity of vector complexity (VC) and time-averaged wall shear stress (TAWSS) was assessed. Results Similar flow features were observed between modalities with velocities up to 110 and 330 cm / s in the control and the stenosed model, respectively. Relative to oPIV, ePIV and CFD-ePIV showed negligible mean differences in velocity (< 3 cm / s ), with limits of agreement of ± 25 cm / s (control) and ± 34 cm / s (stenosed). CFD-DUS overestimated velocities with limits of agreements of 13 ± 40 and 16.1 ± 55 cm / s for the control and stenosed model, respectively. VC showed good agreement, whereas TAWSS showed similar trends but with higher values for ePIV, CFD-DUS, and CFD-ePIV compared to oPIV. Conclusions EPIV and CFD-ePIV can accurately measure complex flow features in the femoral bifurcation and around a stenosis. CFD-DUS showed larger deviations in velocities making it a less robust technique for hemodynamical assessment. The applied ePIV and CFD techniques enable two- and three-dimensional assessment of local hemodynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution and thereby overcome key limitations of current clinical modalities making them an attractive and cost-effective alternative for hemodynamical assessment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennart van de Velde
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Majorie van Helvert
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Engelhard
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Ashkan Ghanbarzadeh-Dagheyan
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Hadi Mirgolbabaee
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jason Voorneveld
- Erasmus MC, Department of Cardiology, Thorax Biomedical Engineering, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel Versluis
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Physics of Fluids, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Michel M. P. J. Reijnen
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Groot Jebbink
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Multi-Modality Medical Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Surgery, Arnhem, The Netherlands
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Paliwal N, Park HC, Mao Y, Hong SJ, Lee Y, Spragg DD, Calkins H, Trayanova NA. Slow blood-flow in the left atrial appendage is associated with stroke in atrial fibrillation patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26858. [PMID: 38449599 PMCID: PMC10915374 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk of stroke with ∼90% clots originating from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Clinical understanding of blood-flow based parameters and their potential association with stroke for AF patients remains poorly understood. We hypothesize that slow blood-flow either in the LA or the LAA could lead to the formation of blood clots and is associated with stroke for AF patients. Methods We retrospectively collected cardiac CT images of paroxysmal AF patients and dichotomized them based on clinical event of previous embolic event into stroke and non-stroke groups. After image segmentation to obtain 3D LA geometry, patient-specific blood-flow analysis was performed to model LA hemodynamics. In terms of geometry, we calculated area of the pulmonary veins (PVs), mitral valve, LA and LAA, orifice area of LAA and volumes of LA and LAA and classified LAA morphologies. For hemodynamic assessment, we quantified blood flow velocity, wall shear stress (WSS, blood-friction on LA wall), oscillatory shear index (OSI, directional change of WSS) and endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP, ratio of OSI and WSS quantifying slow and oscillatory flow) in the LA as well as the LAA. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the parameters between the groups. Results Twenty-seven patients were included in the stroke and 28 in the non-stroke group. Examining geometrical parameters, area of left inferior PV was found to be significantly higher in the stroke group as compared to non-stroke group (p = 0.026). In terms of hemodynamics, stroke group had significantly lower blood velocity (p = 0.027), WSS (p = 0.018) and higher ECAP (p = 0.032) in the LAA as compared to non-stroke group. However, LAA morphologic type did not differ between the two groups. This suggests that stroke patients had significantly slow and oscillatory circulating blood-flow in the LAA, which might expose it to potential thrombogenesis. Conclusion Slow flow in the LAA alone was associated with stroke in this paroxysmal AF cohort. Patient-specific blood-flow analysis can potentially identify such hemodynamic conditions, aiding in clinical stroke risk stratification of AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Paliwal
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hwan-Cheol Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri City, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuncong Mao
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Su Jin Hong
- Department of Radiology, Hanyang University Guri Hospital, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggu Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri City, Republic of Korea
| | - David D. Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natalia A. Trayanova
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Yi H, Yang Z, Johnson M, Bramlage L, Ludwig B. Hemodynamic characteristics in a cerebral aneurysm model using non-Newtonian blood analogues. PHYSICS OF FLUIDS (WOODBURY, N.Y. : 1994) 2022; 34:103101. [PMID: 36212224 PMCID: PMC9533395 DOI: 10.1063/5.0118097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to develop an experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to estimate hemodynamic characteristics in cerebral aneurysms (CAs) using non-Newtonian blood analogues. Blood viscosities varying with shear rates were measured under four temperatures first, which serves as the reference for the generation of blood analogues. Using the blood analogue, particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements were conducted to quantify flow characteristics in a CA model. Then, using the identical blood properties in the experiment, CFD simulations were executed to quantify the flow patterns, which were used to compare with the PIV counterpart. Additionally, hemodynamic characteristics in the simplified Newtonian and non-Newtonian models were quantified and compared using the experimentally validated CFD model. Results showed the proposed non-Newtonian viscosity model can predict blood shear-thinning properties accurately under varying temperatures and shear rates. Another developed viscosity model based on the blood analogue can well represent blood rheological properties. The comparisons in flow characteristics show good agreements between PIV and CFD, demonstrating the developed CFD model is qualified to investigate hemodynamic factors within CAs. Furthermore, results show the differences of absolute values were insignificant between Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the distributions of wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI) on arterial walls. However, not only does the simplified Newtonian model underestimate WSS and OSI in most regions of the aneurysmal sac, but it also makes mistakes in identifying the high OSI regions on the sac surface, which may mislead the hemodynamic assessment on the pathophysiology of CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yi
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Zifeng Yang
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Mark Johnson
- Department of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Hwy., Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
| | - Luke Bramlage
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, USA
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Comparison of ultrasound vector flow imaging and CFD simulations with PIV measurements of flow in a left ventricular outflow trackt phantom - Implications for clinical use and in silico studies. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105358. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Miranda I, Souza A, Sousa P, Ribeiro J, Castanheira EMS, Lima R, Minas G. Properties and Applications of PDMS for Biomedical Engineering: A Review. J Funct Biomater 2021; 13:2. [PMID: 35076525 PMCID: PMC8788510 DOI: 10.3390/jfb13010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an elastomer with excellent optical, electrical and mechanical properties, which makes it well-suited for several engineering applications. Due to its biocompatibility, PDMS is widely used for biomedical purposes. This widespread use has also led to the massification of the soft-lithography technique, introduced for facilitating the rapid prototyping of micro and nanostructures using elastomeric materials, most notably PDMS. This technique has allowed advances in microfluidic, electronic and biomedical fields. In this review, an overview of the properties of PDMS and some of its commonly used treatments, aiming at the suitability to those fields' needs, are presented. Applications such as microchips in the biomedical field, replication of cardiovascular flow and medical implants are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Miranda
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.M.); (P.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Andrews Souza
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal;
| | - Paulo Sousa
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.M.); (P.S.); (G.M.)
| | - João Ribeiro
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Campus de Santa Apolónia, Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal;
| | - Elisabete M. S. Castanheira
- Centre of Physics of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;
| | - Rui Lima
- MEtRICs, Mechanical Engineering Department, Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal;
- CEFT, Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto (FEUP), Rua Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Graça Minas
- Center for MicroElectromechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), Campus de Azurém, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal; (I.M.); (P.S.); (G.M.)
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Cerebral aneurysm flow diverter modeled as a thin inhomogeneous porous medium in hemodynamic simulations. Comput Biol Med 2021; 139:104988. [PMID: 34717230 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Rapid and accurate simulation of cerebral aneurysm flow modifications by flow diverters (FDs) can help improving patient-specific intervention and predicting treatment outcome. However, when FD devices are explicitly represented in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, flow around the stent wires must be resolved, leading to high computational cost. Classic porous medium (PM) methods can reduce computational expense but cannot capture the inhomogeneous FD wire distribution once implanted on a cerebral artery and thus cannot accurately model the post-stenting aneurysmal flow. We report a novel approach that models the FD flow modification as a thin inhomogeneous porous medium (iPM). It improves over the classic PM approaches in two ways. First, the FD is more appropriately treated as a thin screen, which is more accurate than the classic 3D-PM-based Darcy-Forchheimer relation. Second, pressure drop is calculated cell-by-cell using the local FD geometric parameters across an inhomogeneous PM. We applied the iPM technique to simulating the post-stenting hemodynamics of three patient-specific aneurysms. To test its accuracy and speed, we compared the results from the iPM technique against CFD simulations with explicit FD devices. The iPM CFD ran 500% faster than the explicit CFD while achieving 94%-99% accuracy; thus, iPM is a promising clinical bedside modeling tool to assist endovascular interventions with FD and stents.
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Paliwal N, Ali RL, Salvador M, O'Hara R, Yu R, Daimee UA, Akhtar T, Pandey P, Spragg DD, Calkins H, Trayanova NA. Presence of Left Atrial Fibrosis May Contribute to Aberrant Hemodynamics and Increased Risk of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Front Physiol 2021; 12:657452. [PMID: 34163372 PMCID: PMC8215291 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.657452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk of stroke, with the left atrial appendage (LAA) found to be the most common site of clot formation. Presence of left atrial (LA) fibrosis has also been associated with higher stroke risk. However, the mechanisms for increased stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrotic remodeling are poorly understood. We sought to explore these mechanisms using fluid dynamic analysis and to test the hypothesis that the presence of LA fibrosis leads to aberrant hemodynamics in the LA, contributing to increased stroke risk in AF patients. We retrospectively collected late-gadolinium-enhanced MRI (LGE-MRI) images of eight AF patients (four persistent and four paroxysmal) and reconstructed their 3D LA surfaces. Personalized computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed, and hemodynamics at the LA wall were quantified by wall shear stress (WSS, friction of blood), oscillatory shear index (OSI, temporal directional change of WSS), endothelial cell activation potential (ECAP, ratio of OSI and WSS), and relative residence time (RRT, residence time of blood near the LA wall). For each case, these hemodynamic metrics were compared between fibrotic and non-fibrotic portions of the wall. Our results showed that WSS was lower, and OSI, ECAP, and RRT was higher in the fibrotic region as compared to the non-fibrotic region, with ECAP (p = 0.001) and RRT (p = 0.002) having significant differences. Case-wise analysis showed that these differences in hemodynamics were statistically significant for seven cases. Furthermore, patients with higher fibrotic burden were exposed to larger regions of high ECAP, which represents regions of low WSS and high OSI. Consistently, high ECAP in the vicinity of the fibrotic wall suggest that local blood flow was slow and oscillating that represents aberrant hemodynamic conditions, thus enabling prothrombotic conditions for circulating blood. AF patients with high LA fibrotic burden had more prothrombotic regions, providing more sites for potential clot formation, thus increasing their risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Paliwal
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rheeda L Ali
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Matteo Salvador
- Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ryan O'Hara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Rebecca Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Usama A Daimee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Tauseef Akhtar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pallavi Pandey
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David D Spragg
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Hugh Calkins
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Natalia A Trayanova
- Alliance for Cardiovascular Diagnostic and Treatment Innovation, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Hosseini SA, Berg P, Huang F, Roloff C, Janiga G, Thévenin D. Central moments multiple relaxation time LBM for hemodynamic simulations in intracranial aneurysms: An in-vitro validation study using PIV and PC-MRI. Comput Biol Med 2021; 131:104251. [PMID: 33581475 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has recently emerged as an efficient alternative to classical Navier-Stokes solvers. This is particularly true for hemodynamics in complex geometries. However, in its most basic formulation, i.e. with the so-called single relaxation time (SRT) collision operator, it has been observed to have a limited stability domain in the Courant/Fourier space, strongly constraining the minimum time-step and grid size. The development of improved collision models such as the multiple relaxation time (MRT) operator in central moments space has tremendously widened the stability domain, while allowing to overcome a number of other well-documented artifacts, therefore opening the door for simulations over a wider range of grid and time-step sizes. The present work focuses on implementing and validating a specific collision operator, the central Hermite moments multiple relaxation time model with the full expansion of the equilibrium distribution function, to simulate blood flows in intracranial aneurysms. The study further proceeds with a validation of the numerical model through different test-cases and against experimental measurements obtained via stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (PIV) and phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI). For a patient-specific aneurysm both PIV and PC-MRI agree fairly well with the simulation. Finally, low-resolution simulations were shown to be able to capture blood flow information with sufficient accuracy, as demonstrated through both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the flow field while leading to strongly reduced computation times. For instance in the case of the patient-specific configuration, increasing the grid-size by a factor of two led to a reduction of computation time by a factor of 14 with very good similarity indices still ranging from 0.83 to 0.88.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Philipp Berg
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany; Research Campus STIMULATE, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Feng Huang
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Roloff
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gábor Janiga
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dominique Thévenin
- Laboratory of Fluid Dynamics and Technical Flows, University of Magdeburg "Otto von Guericke", D-39106, Magdeburg, Germany
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Advancement in the haemodynamic study of intracranial aneurysms by computational fluid dynamics. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2020.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Damiano RJ, Tutino VM, Lamooki SR, Paliwal N, Dargush GF, Davies JM, Siddiqui AH, Meng H. Improving accuracy for finite element modeling of endovascular coiling of intracranial aneurysm. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226421. [PMID: 31881029 PMCID: PMC6934293 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computer modeling of endovascular coiling intervention for intracranial aneurysm could enable a priori patient-specific treatment evaluation. To that end, we previously developed a finite element method (FEM) coiling technique, which incorporated simplified assumptions. To improve accuracy in capturing real-life coiling, we aimed to enhance the modeling strategies and experimentally test whether improvements lead to more accurate coiling simulations. METHODS We previously modeled coils using a pre-shape based on mathematical curves and mechanical properties based on those of platinum wires. In the improved version, to better represent the physical properties of coils, we model coil pre-shapes based on how they are manufactured, and their mechanical properties based on their spring-like geometric structures. To enhance the deployment mechanics, we include coil advancement to the aneurysm in FEM simulations. To test if these new strategies produce more accurate coil deployments, we fabricated silicone phantoms of 2 patient-specific aneurysms in duplicate, deployed coils in each, and quantified coil distributions from intra-aneurysmal cross-sections using coil density (CD) and lacunarity (L). These deployments were simulated 9 times each using the original and improved techniques, and CD and L were calculated for cross-sections matching those in the experiments. To compare the 2 simulation techniques, Euclidean distances (dMin, dMax, and dAvg) between experimental and simulation points in standardized CD-L space were evaluated. Univariate tests were performed to determine if these distances were significantly different between the 2 simulations. RESULTS Coil deployments using the improved technique agreed better with experiments than the original technique. All dMin, dMax, and dAvg values were smaller for the improved technique, and the average values across all simulations for the improved technique were significantly smaller than those from the original technique (dMin: p = 0.014, dMax: p = 0.013, dAvg: p = 0.045). CONCLUSION Incorporating coil-specific physical properties and mechanics improves accuracy of FEM simulations of endovascular intracranial aneurysm coiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Damiano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Vincent M. Tutino
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Saeb R. Lamooki
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikhil Paliwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Gary F. Dargush
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason M. Davies
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Adnan H. Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
| | - Hui Meng
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Canon Stroke & Vascular Research Center, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Ho WH, Tshimanga IJ, Ngoepe MN, Jermy MC, Geoghegan PH. Evaluation of a Desktop 3D Printed Rigid Refractive-Indexed-Matched Flow Phantom for PIV Measurements on Cerebral Aneurysms. Cardiovasc Eng Technol 2019; 11:14-23. [PMID: 31820351 PMCID: PMC7002330 DOI: 10.1007/s13239-019-00444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Fabrication of a suitable flow model or phantom is critical to the study of biomedical fluid dynamics using optical flow visualization and measurement methods. The main difficulties arise from the optical properties of the model material, accuracy of the geometry and ease of fabrication. METHODS Conventionally an investment casting method has been used, but recently advancements in additive manufacturing techniques such as 3D printing have allowed the flow model to be printed directly with minimal post-processing steps. This study presents results of an investigation into the feasibility of fabrication of such models suitable for particle image velocimetry (PIV) using a common 3D printing Stereolithography process and photopolymer resin. RESULTS An idealised geometry of a cerebral aneurysm was printed to demonstrate its applicability for PIV experimentation. The material was shown to have a refractive index of 1.51, which can be refractive matched with a mixture of de-ionised water with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN). The images were of a quality that after applying common PIV pre-processing techniques and a PIV cross-correlation algorithm, the results produced were consistent within the aneurysm when compared to previous studies. CONCLUSIONS This study presents an alternative low-cost option for 3D printing of a flow phantom suitable for flow visualization simulations. The use of 3D printed flow phantoms reduces the complexity, time and effort required compared to conventional investment casting methods by removing the necessity of a multi-part process required with investment casting techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Ho
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa.,School of Mechanical Aerospace and Industrial Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - I J Tshimanga
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M N Ngoepe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M C Jermy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - P H Geoghegan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Biomedical Engineering, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, England.
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12
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Berg P, Voß S, Janiga G, Saalfeld S, Bergersen AW, Valen-Sendstad K, Bruening J, Goubergrits L, Spuler A, Chiu TL, Tsang ACO, Copelli G, Csippa B, Paál G, Závodszky G, Detmer FJ, Chung BJ, Cebral JR, Fujimura S, Takao H, Karmonik C, Elias S, Cancelliere NM, Najafi M, Steinman DA, Pereira VM, Piskin S, Finol EA, Pravdivtseva M, Velvaluri P, Rajabzadeh-Oghaz H, Paliwal N, Meng H, Seshadhri S, Venguru S, Shojima M, Sindeev S, Frolov S, Qian Y, Wu YA, Carlson KD, Kallmes DF, Dragomir-Daescu D, Beuing O. Multiple Aneurysms AnaTomy CHallenge 2018 (MATCH)-phase II: rupture risk assessment. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2019; 14:1795-1804. [PMID: 31054128 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-019-01986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Assessing the rupture probability of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) remains challenging. Therefore, hemodynamic simulations are increasingly applied toward supporting physicians during treatment planning. However, due to several assumptions, the clinical acceptance of these methods remains limited. METHODS To provide an overview of state-of-the-art blood flow simulation capabilities, the Multiple Aneurysms AnaTomy CHallenge 2018 (MATCH) was conducted. Seventeen research groups from all over the world performed segmentations and hemodynamic simulations to identify the ruptured aneurysm in a patient harboring five IAs. Although simulation setups revealed good similarity, clear differences exist with respect to the analysis of aneurysm shape and blood flow results. Most groups (12/71%) included morphological and hemodynamic parameters in their analysis, with aspect ratio and wall shear stress as the most popular candidates, respectively. RESULTS The majority of groups (7/41%) selected the largest aneurysm as being the ruptured one. Four (24%) of the participating groups were able to correctly select the ruptured aneurysm, while three groups (18%) ranked the ruptured aneurysm as the second most probable. Successful selections were based on the integration of clinically relevant information such as the aneurysm site, as well as advanced rupture probability models considering multiple parameters. Additionally, flow characteristics such as the quantification of inflow jets and the identification of multiple vortices led to correct predictions. CONCLUSIONS MATCH compares state-of-the-art image-based blood flow simulation approaches to assess the rupture risk of IAs. Furthermore, this challenge highlights the importance of multivariate analyses by combining clinically relevant metadata with advanced morphological and hemodynamic quantification.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Voß
- University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Benjamin Csippa
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Paál
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Závodszky
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Saba Elias
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Senol Piskin
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ender A Finol
- The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Hui Meng
- State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Qian
- Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
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13
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Ba D, Zhu Z, Yue X, Xu P, Yan P, Xiao D. Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Carotid-Ophthalmic Aneurysms with Concomitant Ophthalmic Artery Infundibulum in a Patient-Specific Model. World Neurosurg 2019; 125:e1023-e1033. [PMID: 30771545 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although previous studies have reported cases of coexistence of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm and ophthalmic artery (OA) infundibulum, the hemodynamic characteristics of this complicated structure and its damaging effects on vision remain to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to analyze this artery structure using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. METHODS We have presented the case of a patient with a diagnosis of carotid-ophthalmic aneurysm, who had been experiencing blurred vision. A transient analysis was performed to investigate the blood flowing in the parent artery. Hemodynamic parameters such as streamline, wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and relative residence time were obtained. RESULTS When the inlet velocity of the parent artery was at the second peak, the flow rate and intensity of the vortex reached their maximum. In the aneurysm neck, a region of high time-averaged WSS (TAWSS) and a region of low TAWSS with a high OSI coexisted. In addition, a relaxation area was found. In the aneurysm dome, the minimum TAWSS was 2.5 Pa, the maximum OSI was 0.48, and the 2 regions did not overlap. In the OA infundibulum, the maximum OSI and relative residence time were 0.47 and 39.2, respectively; the minimum TAWSS was 0.59 Pa. CONCLUSIONS We detected aneurysm regions that were susceptible to further expansion and assessed the rupture risk of each region. The relaxation area could promote aneurysm progression. In addition, the location of the vortex shear force center varied with time. Finally, double vortex streamlines influenced the blood supply through the OA, impairing the vision. Infundibulum might promote thrombus formation and, hence, retard OA blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dechun Ba
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiangji Yue
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Pengfei Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Dongdong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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14
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Paliwal N, Tutino VM, Shallwani H, Beecher JS, Damiano RJ, Shakir HJ, Atwal GS, Fennell VS, Natarajan SK, Levy EI, Siddiqui AH, Davies JM, Meng H. Ostium Ratio and Neck Ratio Could Predict the Outcome of Sidewall Intracranial Aneurysms Treated with Flow Diverters. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:288-294. [PMID: 30679216 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Incompletely occluded flow diverter treated aneurysms remain at risk of rupture and thromboembolic complications. Our aim was to identify the potential for incomplete occlusion of intracranial aneurysms treated by flow diverters. We investigated whether aneurysm ostium size in relation to parent artery size affects angiographic outcomes of flow diverter-treated sidewall aneurysms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Flow diverter-treated sidewall aneurysms were divided into "occluded" and "residual" (incomplete occlusion) groups based on 6-month angiographic follow-up. We calculated the ostium ratio, a new parameter defined as the aneurysm ostium surface area versus the circumferential surface area of the parent artery. We also calculated the neck ratio, defined as clinical aneurysm neck diameter versus parent artery diameter from pretreatment 2D DSA, as a 2D surrogate. We compared the performance of these ratios with existing aneurysm morphometrics (size, neck diameter, volume, aspect ratio, size ratio, undulation index, nonsphericity index, ellipticity index, bottleneck factor, aneurysm angle, and parent vessel angle) and flow diverter-related parameters (metal coverage rate and pore density). Statistical tests and receiver operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify significantly different parameters between the 2 groups and test their predictive performances. RESULTS We included 63 flow diverter-treated aneurysms, 46 occluded and 17 residual. The ostium ratio and neck ratio were significantly higher in the residual group than in the occluded group (P < .001 and P = .02, respectively), whereas all other parameters showed no statistical difference. As discriminating parameters for occlusion, ostium ratio and neck ratio achieved areas under the curve of 0.912 (95% CI, 0.838-0.985) and 0.707 (95% CI, 0.558-0.856), respectively. CONCLUSIONS High ostium ratios and neck ratios could predict incomplete occlusion of flow diverter-treated sidewall aneurysms. Neck ratio can be easily calculated by interventionists to predict flow-diverter treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Paliwal
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (N.P., R.J.D., H.M.).,Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.)
| | - V M Tutino
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering (V.M.T., H.M.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.)
| | - H Shallwani
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - J S Beecher
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - R J Damiano
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (N.P., R.J.D., H.M.).,Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.)
| | - H J Shakir
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - G S Atwal
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - V S Fennell
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - S K Natarajan
- Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York
| | - E I Levy
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Radiology (E.I.L., A.H.S.)
| | - A H Siddiqui
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Radiology (E.I.L., A.H.S.).,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York.,Jacobs Institute (A.H.S., J.M.D.), Buffalo, New York
| | - J M Davies
- Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Biomedical Informatics (J.M.D.), Jacobs School of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Department of Neurosurgery (H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., A.H.S., J.M.D.), Gates Vascular Institute at Kaleida Health, Buffalo, New York.,Jacobs Institute (A.H.S., J.M.D.), Buffalo, New York
| | - H Meng
- From the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (N.P., R.J.D., H.M.) .,Canon Stroke and Vascular Research Center (N.P., V.M.T., R.J.D., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.).,Department of Biomedical Engineering (V.M.T., H.M.), University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.,Departments of Neurosurgery (V.M.T., H.S., J.S.B., H.J.S., G.S.A., V.S.F., S.K.N., E.I.L., A.H.S., J.M.D., H.M.)
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15
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Janiga G. Quantitative assessment of 4D hemodynamics in cerebral aneurysms using proper orthogonal decomposition. J Biomech 2019; 82:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Botti L, Paliwal N, Conti P, Antiga L, Meng H. Modeling hemodynamics in intracranial aneurysms: Comparing accuracy of CFD solvers based on finite element and finite volume schemes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2018; 34:e3111. [PMID: 29858530 PMCID: PMC6378953 DOI: 10.1002/cnm.3111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has shown potential to aid in the clinical management of intracranial aneurysms, but its adoption in the clinical practice has been missing, partially because of lack of accuracy assessment and sensitivity analysis. To numerically solve the flow-governing equations, CFD solvers generally rely on 2 spatial discretization schemes: finite volume (FV) and finite element (FE). Since increasingly accurate numerical solutions are obtained by different means, accuracies and computational costs of FV and FE formulations cannot be compared directly. To this end, in this study, we benchmark 2 representative CFD solvers in simulating flow in a patient-specific intracranial aneurysm model: (1) ANSYS Fluent, a commercial FV-based solver, and (2) VMTKLab multidGetto, a discontinuous Galerkin (dG) FE-based solver. The FV solver's accuracy is improved by increasing the spatial mesh resolution (134k, 1.1m, 8.6m, and 68.5m tetrahedral element meshes). The dGFE solver accuracy is increased by increasing the degree of polynomials (first, second, third, and fourth degree) on the base 134k tetrahedral element mesh. Solutions from best FV and dGFE approximations are used as baseline for error quantification. On average, velocity errors for second-best approximations are approximately 1 cm/s for a [0,125] cm/s velocity magnitude field. Results show that high-order dGFE provides better accuracy per degree of freedom but worse accuracy per Jacobian nonzero entry as compared with FV. Cross-comparison of velocity errors demonstrates asymptotic convergence of both solvers to the same numerical solution. Nevertheless, the discrepancy between underresolved velocity fields suggests that mesh independence is reached following different paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Botti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Nikhil Paliwal
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pierangelo Conti
- Department of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Hui Meng
- Toshiba Stroke and Vascular Research Center, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Computational Fluid Dynamics as an Engineering Tool for the Reconstruction of Hemodynamics after Carotid Artery Stenosis Operation: A Case Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54030042. [PMID: 30344273 PMCID: PMC6122108 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: Brain ischemic stroke is caused by impaired or absolutely blocked blood flow into the brain regions. Despite the large number of possible origins, there is no general strategy for preventive treatment. In this paper, we aimed to predict the hemodynamics in a patient who experienced a critical stenosis operation in the carotid artery. This is a unique study where we used medical data together with the computational fluid (CFD) technique not to plan the surgery, but to predict its outcome. Materials and Methods: AngioCT data and blood perfusion of brain tissue (CT-perfusion) together with CFD technique were applied for stroke formation reconstruction in different clinical conditions. With the use of self-made semiautomatic algorithm for image processing and 3DDoctror software, 3D-vascular geometries before and after surgical intervention were reconstructed. As the paper is focused on the analysis of stroke appearance, apparent stroke was simulated as higher and lower pressure values in the cranial part due to different outcomes of the surgical intervention. This allowed to investigate the influence of spatial configuration and pressure values on blood perfusion in the analyzed circulatory system. Results: Application of CFD simulations for blood flow reconstruction for clinical conditions in the circulatory system accomplished on average 98.5% and 98.7% accuracy for CFD results compared to US-Doppler before and after surgical intervention, respectively. Meanwhile, CFD results compared to CT-perfusion indicated an average 89.7% and 92.8% accuracy before and after surgical intervention, respectively. Thus, the CFD is a reliable approach for predicting the patient hemodynamics, as it was confirmed by postoperative data. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the application of CFD simulations for blood flow reconstruction for clinical conditions in circulatory system reached 98% and 90% accuracy for US-Doppler and CT-perfusion, respectively. Therefore, the proposed method might be used as a tool for reconstruction of specific patients' hemodynamics after operation of critical stenosis in the carotid artery. However, further studies are necessary to confirm its usefulness in clinical practice.
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