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Predict Early Recurrence of Resectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Multi-Dimensional Artificial Intelligence Analysis of Liver Fibrosis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215323. [PMID: 34771487 PMCID: PMC8582529 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, and surgical resection is the commonly used curative management of early-stage disease. However, the recurrence rate is high after resection, and liver fibrosis has been thought to increase the risk of recurrence. Conventional histological staging of fibrosis is highly subjective to observer variations. To overcome this limitation, we used a fully quantitative fibrosis assessment tool, qFibrosis (utilizing second harmonic generation and two-photon excitation fluorescence microscopy), with multi-dimensional artificial intelligence analysis to establish a fully-quantitative, accurate fibrotic score called a “combined index”, which can predict early recurrence of HCC after curative intent resection. Therefore, we can pay more attention on the patients with high risk of early recurrence. Abstract Background: Liver fibrosis is thought to be associated with early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after resection. To recognize HCC patients with higher risk of early recurrence, we used a second harmonic generation and two-photon excitation fluorescence (SHG/TPEF) microscopy to create a fully quantitative fibrosis score which is able to predict early recurrence. Methods: The study included 81 HCC patients receiving curative intent hepatectomy. Detailed fibrotic features of resected hepatic tissues were obtained by SHG/TPEF microscopy, and we used multi-dimensional artificial intelligence analysis to create a recurrence prediction model “combined index” according to the morphological collagen features of each patient’s non-tumor hepatic tissues. Results: Our results showed that the “combined index” can better predict early recurrence (area under the curve = 0.917, sensitivity = 81.8%, specificity = 90.5%), compared to alpha fetoprotein level (area under the curve = 0.595, sensitivity = 68.2%, specificity = 47.6%). Using a Cox proportional hazards analysis, a higher “combined index” is also a poor prognostic factor of disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions: By integrating multi-dimensional artificial intelligence and SHG/TPEF microscopy, we may locate patients with a higher risk of recurrence, follow these patients more carefully, and conduct further management if needed.
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Arteel GE, Naba A. The liver matrisome - looking beyond collagens. JHEP Rep 2020; 2:100115. [PMID: 32637906 PMCID: PMC7330160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2020.100115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a diverse microenvironment that maintains bidirectional communication with surrounding cells to regulate cell and tissue homeostasis. The classical definition of the ECM has more recently been extended to include non-fibrillar proteins that either interact or are structurally affiliated with the ECM, termed the 'matrisome.' In addition to providing the structure and architectural support for cells and tissue, the matrisome serves as a reservoir for growth factors and cytokines, as well as a signaling hub via which cells can communicate with their environment and vice-versa. The matrisome is a master regulator of tissue homeostasis and organ function, which can dynamically and appropriately respond to any stress or injury. Failure to properly regulate these responses can lead to changes in the matrisome that are maladaptive. Hepatic fibrosis is a canonical example of ECM dyshomeostasis, leading to accumulation of predominantly collagenous ECM; indeed, hepatic fibrosis is considered almost synonymous with collagen accumulation. However, the qualitative and quantitative alterations of the hepatic matrisome during fibrosis are much more diverse than simple accumulation of collagens and occur long before fibrosis is histologically detected. A deeper understanding of the hepatic matrisome and its response to injury could yield new mechanistic insights into disease progression and regression, as well as potentially identify new biomarkers for both. In this review, we discuss the role of the ECM in liver diseases and look at new "omic" approaches to study this compartment.
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Key Words
- AUROC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve
- CCl4, carbon tetrachloride
- ECM
- ECM, extracellular matrix
- Extracellular matrix
- Fibrosis
- HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma
- Liver disease
- MMP, matrix metalloproteinase
- NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NPV, negative predictive value
- POSTN, periostin
- PPV, positive predictive values
- Proteomics
- Regeneration
- TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin E. Arteel
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Liver Research Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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Baandrup Kristiansen MN, Veidal SS, Christoffersen C, Feigh M, Vrang N, Roth JD, Erickson M, Adorini L, Jelsing J. Validity of biopsy-based drug effects in a diet-induced obese mouse model of biopsy-confirmed NASH. BMC Gastroenterol 2019; 19:228. [PMID: 31883514 PMCID: PMC6935483 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-019-1149-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compounds in clinical development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) improve liver histopathology in diet-induced obese mouse models of biopsy-confirmed NASH. Since the biopsy section used for histopathological evaluation represents only < 1% of the whole mouse liver, we evaluated how well biopsy-based quantitative image analyses correlate to stereology-based whole-liver quantitative changes upon drug treatment. Methods Male leptin-deficient Lepob/Lepob mice were fed the Amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet for 16 weeks before stratification into treatment groups using a biopsy-based evaluation of type I collagen αI (col1a1) levels. Mice were treated for 8 weeks with either vehicle (PO, QD), liraglutide (0.4 mg/kg, SC, QD), elafibranor (30 mg/kg, PO, QD) or INT-767 (10 mg/kg, PO, QD). Terminal quantitative histological assessment of liver lipid (hematoxylin-eosin staining), inflammation (galectin-3 immunohistochemistry (IHC); gal-3), and fibrosis (col1a1 IHC) was performed on terminal liver biopsies and compared with stereologically sampled serial sections spanning the medial, left and right lateral lobe of the liver. Results The distribution of liver lipid and fibrosis was markedly consistent across lobes, whereas inflammation showed some variability. While INT-767 and liraglutide significantly reduced total liver weight by 20 and 48%, respectively, elafibranor tended to exacerbate hepatomegaly in Lepob/Lepob-NASH mice. All three compounds markedly reduced biopsy-based relative liver lipid content. Elafibranor and INT-767 significantly reduced biopsy-based relative gal-3 levels (P < 0.001), whereas INT-767 and liraglutide tended to reduce relative col1a1 levels. When changes in liver weight was accounted for, both INT-767 and liraglutide significantly reduced biopsy-based total col1a1 content. Although minor differences in absolute and relative liver lipid, inflammation and fibrosis levels were observed across lobes, the interpretation of drug-induced effects were consistent with biopsy-based conclusions. Notably, the incorporation of changes in total liver mass revealed that liraglutide’s efficacy reached statistical significances for all analyzed parameters. Conclusions In conclusion, in-depth analyses of liver homogeneity demonstrated that drug-induced improvement in liver biopsy-assessed histopathology is representative for overall liver effects assessed using stereology. Importantly, these findings reveal how changes in whole-liver mass should be considered to provide a deeper understanding of apparent drug treatment efficacy in preclinical NASH studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Nicoline Baandrup Kristiansen
- Gubra Aps, Hoersholm, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Christina Christoffersen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital and Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Mary Erickson
- Intercept Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, California, USA
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Lin H, Fan T, Sui J, Wang G, Chen J, Zhuo S, Zhang H. Recent advances in multiphoton microscopy combined with nanomaterials in the field of disease evolution and clinical applications to liver cancer. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:19619-19635. [PMID: 31599299 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr04902a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton microscopy (MPM) is expected to become a powerful clinical tool, with its unique advantages of being label-free, high resolution, deep imaging depth, low light photobleaching and low phototoxicity. Nanomaterials, with excellent physical and chemical properties, are biocompatible and easy to prepare and functionalize. The addition of nanomaterials exactly compensates for some defects of MPM, such as the weak endogenous signal strength, limited imaging materials, insufficient imaging depth and lack of therapeutic effects. Therefore, combining MPM with nanomaterials is a promising biomedical imaging method. Here, we mainly review the principle of MPM and its application in liver cancer, especially in disease evolution and clinical applications, including monitoring tumor progression, diagnosing tumor occurrence, detecting tumor metastasis, and evaluating cancer therapy response. Then, we introduce the latest advances in the combination of MPM with nanomaterials, including the MPM imaging of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and carbon dots (CDs). Finally, we also propose the main challenges and future research directions of MPM technology in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxin Lin
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Taojian Fan
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
| | - Jian Sui
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, 350000, China
| | - Guangxing Wang
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Jianxin Chen
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- Fujian Normal University, Key Laboratory of OptoElectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fuzhou, 350007, China.
| | - Han Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of Phosphorene and Optoelectronics and Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
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Jian J, Zhao X, Qin L, Zhao Y, Sun M, Lv W, Hu C. Three-dimensional visualization of fibrous tissues in cirrhotic rats via X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography with iodine staining. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2019; 26:1354-1360. [PMID: 31274464 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577519006064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To accurately characterize cirrhosis, knowledge of the 3D fibrous structures is essential. Histology is the gold standard in cirrhosis screening, but it mainly provides structural information in 2D planes and destroys the 3D samples in the process. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of X-ray phase-contrast computed tomography (PCCT) with iodine staining for the 3D nondestructive visualization of internal structural details in entire cirrhotic livers with histopathologic correlation. In this study, cirrhotic livers induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rats were imaged via PCCT and then histopathologically processed. Characteristics of the cirrhosis, i.e. abnormal nodules surrounded by annular fibrosis, were established and a 3D reconstruction of these structures was also performed via PCCT. Fibrosis area, septal width and nodular size were measured and the correlation for these quantitative measurements between PCCT and histopathologic findings was analyzed. The results showed that fibrous bands, small nodules and angio-architecture in cirrhosis were clearly presented in the PCCT images, with histopathologic findings as standard reference. In comparison with histopathology, PCCT was associated with a very close value for fibrosis area, septal width and nodular size. The quantitative measurements showed a strong correlation between PCCT and histopathology. Additionally, the 3D structures of fibrous bands and microvasculature were presented simultaneously. PCCT provides excellent results in the assessment of cirrhosis characteristics and 3D presentation of these feature structures compared with histopathology. Thus, the technique may serve as an adjunct nondestructive 3D modality for cirrhosis characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Jian
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Qin
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Zhao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyu Sun
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjuan Lv
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, People's Republic of China
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Piao D, Hawxby A, Wright H, Rubin EM. Perspective review on solid-organ transplant: needs in point-of-care optical biomarkers. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-14. [PMID: 30160078 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.8.080601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Solid-organ transplant is one of the most complex areas of modern medicine involving surgery. There are challenging opportunities in solid-organ transplant, specifically regarding the deficiencies in pathology workflow or gaps in pathology support, which may await alleviations or even de novo solutions, by means of point-of-care, or point-of-procedure optical biomarkers. Focusing the discussions of pathology workflow on donor liver assessment, we analyze the undermet need for intraoperative, real-time, and nondestructive assessment of the donor injuries (such as fibrosis, steatosis, and necrosis) that are the most significant predictors of post-transplant viability. We also identify an unmet need for real-time and nondestructive characterization of ischemia or irreversible injuries to the donor liver, earlier than appearing on morphological histology examined with light microscopy. Point-of-procedure laparoscopic optical biomarkers of liver injuries and tissue ischemia may also facilitate post-transplant management that is currently difficult for or devoid of pathological consultation due to lack of tools. The potential and pitfalls of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for liver assessment are exemplified in breadth for steatosis. The more general and overarching challenges of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for liver transplant pathology, including the shielding effect of the liver capsule that was quantitated only recently, are projected. The technological and presentational benchmarks that a candidate technology of point-of-procedure optical biomarkers for transplant pathology must demonstrate to motivate clinical translation are also foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daqing Piao
- Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States
- Oklahoma State University, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Center for Veterinary Health, United States
| | - Alan Hawxby
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Transplant Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Harlan Wright
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma Transplant Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
| | - Erin M Rubin
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Department of Pathology, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States
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7
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Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide and is present in a third of the general population and the majority of individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Importantly, NAFLD can progress to severe nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), associated with liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent research efforts have extensively focused on identifying factors contributing to the additional "hit" required to promote NALFD disease progression. The maternal diet, and in particular a high-fat diet (HFD), may be one such hit "priming" the development of severe fatty liver disease, a notion supported by the increasing incidence of NAFLD among children and adolescents in Westernized countries. In recent years, a plethora of key studies have used murine models of maternal obesity to identify fundamental mechanisms such as lipogenesis, mitochondrial function, inflammation, and fibrosis that may underlie the developmental priming of NAFLD. In this chapter, we will address key considerations for constructing experimental models and both conventional and advanced methods of quantifying NAFLD disease status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley D Bruce
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
| | - Karen R Jonscher
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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8
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Ducourthial G, Leclerc P, Mansuryan T, Fabert M, Brevier J, Habert R, Braud F, Batrin R, Vever-Bizet C, Bourg-Heckly G, Thiberville L, Druilhe A, Kudlinski A, Louradour F. Development of a real-time flexible multiphoton microendoscope for label-free imaging in a live animal. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18303. [PMID: 26673905 PMCID: PMC4682136 DOI: 10.1038/srep18303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a two-photon microendoscope capable of in vivo label-free deep-tissue high-resolution fast imaging through a very long optical fiber. First, an advanced light-pulse spectro-temporal shaping device optimally precompensates for linear and nonlinear distortions occurring during propagation within the endoscopic fiber. This enables the delivery of sub-40-fs duration infrared excitation pulses at the output of 5 meters of fiber. Second, the endoscopic fiber is a custom-made double-clad polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fiber specifically designed to optimize the imaging resolution and the intrinsic luminescence backward collection. Third, a miniaturized fiber-scanner of 2.2 mm outer diameter allows simultaneous second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon excited autofluorescence (TPEF) imaging at 8 frames per second. This microendoscope’s transverse and axial resolutions amount respectively to 0.8 μm and 12 μm, with a field-of-view as large as 450 μm. This microendoscope’s unprecedented capabilities are validated during label-free imaging, ex vivo on various fixed human tissue samples, and in vivo on an anesthetized mouse kidney demonstrating an imaging penetration depth greater than 300 μm below the surface of the organ. The results reported in this manuscript confirm that nonlinear microendoscopy can become a valuable clinical tool for real-time in situ assessment of pathological states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marc Fabert
- XLIM, UMR-CNRS 7252, Université de Limoges, France
| | | | - Rémi Habert
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Flavie Braud
- PhLAM, UMR-CNRS 8523, Université Lille I, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | | | - Christine Vever-Bizet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Geneviève Bourg-Heckly
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 06, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8237, LJP, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Luc Thiberville
- Laboratoire LITIS-QuantIF, EA 4108, Clinique Pneumologique, CHU de Rouen, France
| | - Anne Druilhe
- CRIBL, UMR-CNRS 7276, Université de Limoges, France
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9
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Raja AM, Xu S, Zhuo S, Tai DCS, Sun W, So PTC, Welsch RE, Chen CS, Yu H. Differential remodeling of extracellular matrices by breast cancer initiating cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2015; 8:804-15. [PMID: 25597396 PMCID: PMC4761427 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201400079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cancer initiating cells (CICs) have been the focus of recent anti-cancer therapies, exhibiting strong invasion capability via potentially enhanced ability to remodel extracellular matrices (ECM). We have identified CICs in a human breast cancer cell line, MX-1, and developed a xenograft model in SCID mice. We investigated the CICs' matrix-remodeling effects using Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) microscopy to identify potential phenotypic signatures of the CIC-rich tumors. The isolated CICs exhibit higher proliferation, drug efflux and drug resistant properties in vitro; were more tumorigenic than non-CICs, resulting in more and larger tumors in the xenograft model. The CIC-rich tumors have less collagen in the tumor interior than in the CIC-poor tumors supporting the idea that the CICs can remodel the collagen more effectively. The collagen fibers were preferentially aligned perpendicular to the CIC-rich tumor boundary while parallel to the CIC-poor tumor boundary suggesting more invasive behavior of the CIC-rich tumors. These findings would provide potential translational values in quantifying and monitoring CIC-rich tumors in future anti-cancer therapies. CIC-rich tumors remodel the collagen matrix more than CIC-poor tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju M Raja
- Biomedical Engineering Division, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Ngee Ann Polytechnic, 535 Clementi Road, Singapore, 599489
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669
- NUS Graduate Programme in Bioengineering, NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shuoyu Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602
| | - Shuangmu Zhuo
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602
- Institute of Laser and Optoelectronics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
| | - Dean C S Tai
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669
| | - Wanxin Sun
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669
| | - Peter T C So
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Roy E Welsch
- Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Chien-Shing Chen
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456
- School of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Loma Linda University, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669.
- NUS Graduate Programme in Bioengineering, NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597.
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
- BioSystems and Micromechanics, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, 1 CREATE Way, #04-13/14 Enterprise Wing, Singapore, 138602.
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, 117597.
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, T-Lab, #05-01, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117411.
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Tan WJ, Yan J, Xu S, Thike AA, Bay BH, Yu H, Tan MH, Tan PH. Second harmonic generation microscopy is a novel technique for differential diagnosis of breast fibroepithelial lesions. J Clin Pathol 2015. [PMID: 26209730 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2015-203231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Breast fibroepithelial lesions, including fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumours, are commonly encountered in clinical practice. As histological differences between these two related entities may be subtle, resulting in a challenging differential diagnosis, pathological techniques to assist the differential diagnosis of these two entities are of high interest. An accurate diagnosis at biopsy is important given corresponding implications for clinical decision-making including surgical extent and monitoring. Second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy is a recently developed optical imaging technique capable of robust, powerful and unbiased label-free direct detection of collagen fibril structure in tissue without the use of antibodies. We constructed tissue microarrays emulating limited materials on biopsy to investigate quantitative collagen signal in fibroepithelial lesions using SHG microscopy. Archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded materials of 47 fibroepithelial lesions (14 fibroadenomas and 33 phyllodes tumours) were evaluated. Higher collagen signal on SHG microscopy was observed in fibroadenomas than phyllodes tumours on SHG imaging (p<0.001, area under the curve 0.859). At an automated threshold (2.5 million positive pixels), the sensitivity and specificity of the SHG microscopy for fibroadenoma classification was 71.4% and 84.4%, respectively. To corroborate these findings, we performed immunohistochemistry on tissue array sections using collagen I and III primary antibodies. Both collagen I and III immunohistochemical expressions were also significantly higher in fibroadenomas than in phyllodes tumours (p<0.001). In conclusion, label-free collagen quantitation on SHG microscopy is a novel imaging approach that can aid the differential diagnosis of fibroepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Jin Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Shuoyu Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Aye Aye Thike
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore
| | - Min-Han Tan
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore
| | - Puay Hoon Tan
- Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
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Thorling CA, Jin L, Weiss M, Crawford D, Liu X, Burczynski FJ, Liu D, Wang H, Roberts MS. Assessing Steatotic Liver Function after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by In Vivo Multiphoton Imaging of Fluorescein Disposition. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 43:154-62. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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12
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So PTC, Yew EYS, Rowlands C. High-throughput nonlinear optical microscopy. Biophys J 2014; 105:2641-54. [PMID: 24359736 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2013.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High-resolution microscopy methods based on different nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast mechanisms are finding numerous applications in biology and medicine. While the basic implementations of these microscopy methods are relatively mature, an important direction of continuing technological innovation lies in improving the throughput of these systems. Throughput improvement is expected to be important for studying fast kinetic processes, for enabling clinical diagnosis and treatment, and for extending the field of image informatics. This review will provide an overview of the fundamental limitations on NLO microscopy throughput. We will further cover several important classes of high-throughput NLO microscope designs with discussions on their strengths and weaknesses and their key biomedical applications. Finally, this review will close with a perspective of potential future technological improvements in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T C So
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Elijah Y S Yew
- BioSyM Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Rowlands
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Laser Biomedical Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Cha JW, Singh VR, Kim KH, Subramanian J, Peng Q, Yu H, Nedivi E, So PTC. Reassignment of scattered emission photons in multifocal multiphoton microscopy. Sci Rep 2014; 4:5153. [PMID: 24898470 PMCID: PMC4046171 DOI: 10.1038/srep05153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Multifocal multiphoton microscopy (MMM) achieves fast imaging by simultaneously scanning multiple foci across different regions of specimen. The use of imaging detectors in MMM, such as CCD or CMOS, results in degradation of image signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) due to the scattering of emitted photons. SNR can be partly recovered using multianode photomultiplier tubes (MAPMT). In this design, however, emission photons scattered to neighbor anodes are encoded by the foci scan location resulting in ghost images. The crosstalk between different anodes is currently measured a priori, which is cumbersome as it depends specimen properties. Here, we present the photon reassignment method for MMM, established based on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, for quantification of crosstalk between the anodes of MAPMT without a priori measurement. The method provides the reassignment of the photons generated by the ghost images to the original spatial location thus increases the SNR of the final reconstructed image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Won Cha
- 1] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139 [2]
| | - Vijay Raj Singh
- 1] Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), BioSyM, Singapore 138602 [2]
| | - Ki Hean Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang 790-784, KOREA
| | - Jaichandar Subramanian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Qiwen Peng
- 1] Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore 138669 [2] Singapore-MIT Alliance, Computation and System Biology, Singapore 117576
| | - Hanry Yu
- 1] Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), BioSyM, Singapore 138602 [2] Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*Star, Singapore 138669 [3] National University of Singapore, School of Medicine, Singapore 119077
| | - Elly Nedivi
- 1] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Picower Institute for Learning and Memory, Cambridge, MA 02139 [2] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Departments of Biology, and Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Peter T C So
- 1] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139 [2] Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART), BioSyM, Singapore 138602 [3] Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cambridge, MA 02139
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Experimenting liver fibrosis diagnostic by two photon excitation microscopy and Bag-of-Features image classification. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4636. [PMID: 24717650 PMCID: PMC3982167 DOI: 10.1038/srep04636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The accurate staging of liver fibrosis is of paramount importance to determine the state of disease progression, therapy responses, and to optimize disease treatment strategies. Non-linear optical microscopy techniques such as two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) can image the endogenous signals of tissue structures and can be used for fibrosis assessment on non-stained tissue samples. While image analysis of collagen in SHG images was consistently addressed until now, cellular and tissue information included in TPEF images, such as inflammatory and hepatic cell damage, equally important as collagen deposition imaged by SHG, remain poorly exploited to date. We address this situation by experimenting liver fibrosis quantification and scoring using a combined approach based on TPEF liver surface imaging on a Thioacetamide-induced rat model and a gradient based Bag-of-Features (BoF) image classification strategy. We report the assessed performance results and discuss the influence of specific BoF parameters to the performance of the fibrosis scoring framework.
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A compact fiber-optic SHG scanning endomicroscope and its application to visualize cervical remodeling during pregnancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12878-83. [PMID: 22826263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121495109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the development of an all-fiber-optic scanning endomicroscope capable of high-resolution second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging of biological tissues and demonstrate its utility for monitoring the remodeling of cervical collagen during gestation in mice. The endomicroscope has an overall 2.0 mm diameter and consists of a single customized double-clad fiber, a compact rapid two-dimensional beam scanner, and a miniature compound objective lens for excitation beam delivery, scanning, focusing, and efficient SHG signal collection. Endomicroscopic SHG images of murine cervical tissue sections at different stages of normal pregnancy reveal progressive, quantifiable changes in cervical collagen morphology with resolution similar to that of bench-top SHG microscopy. SHG endomicroscopic imaging of ex vivo murine and human cervical tissues through intact epithelium has also been performed. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of SHG endomicroscopy technology for staging normal pregnancy, and suggest its potential application as a minimally invasive tool for clinical assessment of abnormal cervical remodeling associated with preterm birth.
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