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Yamamoto K, Hara K, Kobayashi E, Yuki A, Sakuma I. Tissue histology on the correlation between fracture energy and elasticity. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024; 19:571-579. [PMID: 37855940 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-03026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Preemptively estimating tissue damage is crucial for a safe surgical procedure. We previously investigated the possibility of estimating the fracture energies of biological tissues based on their elasticities. However, the reason behind the presence of these correlations is poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the effect of a tissue's histology on the correlation between the fracture energy and elasticity. We hypothesize that two tissues with similar fibrous structure will show a similar correlation between the fracture energy and elasticity. METHODS Porcine duodenum were used for this study. Two tensile tests were performed for each porcine duodenum specimen to determine its elasticity and tearing energy. The correlation between fracture energy and elasticity was then investigated using the results from the mechanical tests. Furthermore, duodenum specimens were fixed in 10% formalin while under tension. Microscopic images were then taken to visualize the fibrous structure within the duodenum tissues under tension. RESULTS The results from the tensile test showed that the fracture energy had an isotropic positive and linear correlation with the elasticity to the negative 0.5th power (R2 = 0.89), which was also previously reported in small intestinal (jejunum) specimens. Furthermore, the tearing patterns of the duodenum were identical to the ones reported in the jejunum. Hematoxylin and eosin staining on tissues fixed under tension showed that the endomysium fibers are involved in providing resistance toward traction. CONCLUSION Through mechanical tests, we showed that porcine duodenum tissues also have a correlation between its fracture energy and elasticity. We also discussed that the histological structure of a tissue is an important factor that dictates how the tearing energy of a tissue will correlate to the elasticity. We understood that since the tearing mechanism between the duodenum and jejunum was similar, the correlations between their fracture energies and elasticities were also similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Hara
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akagi Yuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Sakuma
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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2
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Yerrapragada K, Yang H, Lee W, Eriten M. Characterization of drying-induced changes in moduli and internal stresses in a constrained gel using laser vibrometry. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:813-822. [PMID: 38167912 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01328f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogels, water-saturated polymer networks find widespread use in soft robotics, biomedical, pharmaceutical and food industries. Both solid and water constituents of hydrogels are sensitive to external stimuli such as temperature, humidity, osmolarity, and light. For instance, common hydrogels swell or shrink in the presence of chemical potential gradient between the sample and surrounding environment. Corresponding changes in internal water content lead to significant changes in mechanical properties of hydrogels. Besides, internal stresses build up if the gel samples are constrained during swelling or dehydration. In the present research, we utilize modal analyses technique on drying hydrogels to identify dehydration-induced changes in elastic moduli and internal stresses. In particular, natural frequencies and damping ratios of the first two axisymmetric transverse vibration modes are measured on clamped gelatin disks using non-contact laser vibrometry at various water loss states. Experimental modal frequencies are then compared to the predictions of a pre-stressed thick plate model. The evolutions of elastic moduli and internal stresses for water losses up to 80% are identified. The broadband loss capacity of gelatin is also determined from the measured modal damping ratios. Highly transient mechanical response observed on the gelatin disks further demonstrates the need for non-contact and rapid mechanical characterization of hydrogels. As illustrated in this work, vibration and wave-based techniques are promising candidates to fulfill that need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthik Yerrapragada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA.
| | - Haocheng Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA.
| | - Wonhyeok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA.
| | - Melih Eriten
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, 53706, WI, USA.
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3
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Baumgartner K, Westerhausen C. Recent advances of surface acoustic wave-based sensors for noninvasive cell analysis. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2023; 79:102879. [PMID: 36634534 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In the past years, the application of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) as sensors for biological applications has reached high relevance in the field of biotechnology. From rapid advances in designs and materials, new opportunities have emerged, especially for sensing of living cells. Additionally, the combination of SAW sensors with microfluidics and optical microscopy has expanded the market of possible applications. Differentiation of infected and healthy red blood cells or aggressive and nonaggressive tumor cells, and monitoring of wound healing, bacteria, or viral antigen concentrations via SAW-based sensors are only a few examples of recent achievements in cell biology. The rapid growth of this field requires frequent reviewing of the recent progress to maintain high research standards and promote future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Baumgartner
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; Hanns-Seidel-Stiftung e.V., 80636 Munich, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany; Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics I, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Westerhausen
- Physiology, Institute of Theoretical Medicine, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80799 Munich, Germany; Institute of Physics, Experimental Physics I, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany; Augsburg Center for Innovative Technologies (ACIT), 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
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4
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Morales IA, Boghdady CM, Campbell BE, Moraes C. Integrating mechanical sensor readouts into organ-on-a-chip platforms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1060895. [PMID: 36588933 PMCID: PMC9800895 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1060895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Organs-on-a-chip have emerged as next-generation tissue engineered models to accurately capture realistic human tissue behaviour, thereby addressing many of the challenges associated with using animal models in research. Mechanical features of the culture environment have emerged as being critically important in designing organs-on-a-chip, as they play important roles in both stimulating realistic tissue formation and function, as well as capturing integrative elements of homeostasis, tissue function, and tissue degeneration in response to external insult and injury. Despite the demonstrated impact of incorporating mechanical cues in these models, strategies to measure these mechanical tissue features in microfluidically-compatible formats directly on-chip are relatively limited. In this review, we first describe general microfluidically-compatible Organs-on-a-chip sensing strategies, and categorize these advances based on the specific advantages of incorporating them on-chip. We then consider foundational and recent advances in mechanical analysis techniques spanning cellular to tissue length scales; and discuss their integration into Organs-on-a-chips for more effective drug screening, disease modeling, and characterization of biological dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Christopher Moraes
- Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada,*Correspondence: Christopher Moraes,
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5
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Chen X, Peng Y, Li C, Zhao C. Simulation of sound propagation and calculation of its velocity in spherical and superellipsoidal particle systems. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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6
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration optical coherence elastography (DV-OCE) for evaluating mechanical properties: a potential application in tissue engineering. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:1217-1235. [PMID: 33796348 PMCID: PMC7984779 DOI: 10.1364/boe.416661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties in tissues are an important indicator because they are associated with disease states. One of the well-known excitation sources in optical coherence elastography (OCE) to determine mechanical properties is acoustic radiation force (ARF); however, a complicated focusing alignment cannot be avoided. Another excitation source is a piezoelectric (PZT) stack to obtain strain images via compression, which can affect the intrinsic mechanical properties of tissues in tissue engineering. In this study, we report a new technique called two-dimensional (2D) dynamic vibration OCE (DV-OCE) to evaluate 2D wave velocities without tedious focusing alignment procedures and is a non-contact method with respect to the samples. The three-dimensional (3D) Fourier transform was utilized to transfer the traveling waves (x, y, t) into 3D k-space (kx, ky, f). A spatial 2D wavenumber filter and multi-angle directional filter were employed to decompose the waves with omni-directional components into four individual traveling directions. The 2D local wave velocity algorithm was used to calculate a 2D wave velocity map. Six materials, two homogeneous phantoms with 10 mm thickness, two homogeneous phantoms with 2 mm thickness, one heterogeneous phantom with 2 mm diameter inclusion and an ex vivo porcine kidney, were examined in this study. In addition, the ARF-OCE was used to evaluate wave velocities for comparison. Numerical simulations were performed to validate the proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE technique. We demonstrate that the experimental results were in a good agreement with the results from ARF-OCE (transient OCE) and numerical simulations. Our proposed 2D dynamic vibration OCE could potentially pave the way for mechanical evaluation in tissue engineering and for laboratory translation with easy-to-setup and contactless advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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7
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Liu HC, Abbasi M, Ding YH, Roy T, Capriotti M, Liu Y, Fitzgerald S, Doyle KM, Guddati M, Urban MW, Brinjikji W. Characterizing blood clots using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography and ultrasound shear wave elastography. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:035013. [PMID: 33202384 PMCID: PMC7880883 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abcb1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thromboembolism in a cerebral blood vessel is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is one of the emergenc proceduresperformed to remove emboli. However, the interventional approaches such as aspiration catheters or stent retriever are empirically selected. An inappropriate selection of surgical devices can influence the success rate during embolectomy, which can lead to an increase in brain damage. There has been growing interest in the study of clot composition and using a priori knowledge of clot composition to provide guidance for an appropriate treatment strategy for interventional physicians. Developing imaging tools which can allow interventionalists to understand clot composition could affect management and device strategy. In this study, we investigated how clots of different compositions can be characterized by using acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography (ARF-OCE) and compared with ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE). Five different clots compositions using human blood were fabricated into cylindrical forms from fibrin-rich (21% red blood cells, RBCs) to RBC-rich (95% RBCs). Using the ARF-OCE and SWE, we characterized the wave velocities measured in the time-domain. In addition, the semi-analytical finite element model was used to explore the relationship between the phase velocities with various frequency ranges and diameters of the clots. The study demonstrated that the wave group velocities generally decrease as RBC content increases in ARF-OCE and SWE. The correlation of the group velocities from the OCE and SWE methods represented a good agreement as RBC composition is larger than 39%. Using the phase velocity dispersion analysis applied to ARF-OCE data, we estimated the shear wave velocities decoupling the effects of the geometry and material properties of the clots. The study demonstrated that the composition of the clots can be characterized by elastographic methods using ARF-OCE and SWE, and OCE demonstrated better ability to discriminate between clots of different RBC compositions, compared to the ultrasound-based approach, especially in clots with low RBC compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
| | - Mehdi Abbasi
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Yong Hong Ding
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Tuhin Roy
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Margherita Capriotti
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Seán Fitzgerald
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Karen M Doyle
- Department of Physiology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Murthy Guddati
- Department of Civil Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, United States of America
| | - Matthew W Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
| | - Waleed Brinjikji
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Minnesota, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, United States of America
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8
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Four-dimensional (4D) phase velocity optical coherence elastography in heterogeneous materials and biological tissue. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:3795-3817. [PMID: 33014567 PMCID: PMC7510894 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The variations of mechanical properties in soft tissues are biomarkers used for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring. Optical coherence elastography (OCE) has been extensively developed to investigate mechanical properties of various biological tissues. These methods are generally based on time-domain data and measure the time-of-flight of the localized shear wave propagations to estimate the group velocity. However, there is considerable information that can be obtained from examining the mechanical properties such as wave propagation velocities at different frequencies. Here we propose a method to evaluate phase velocity, wave velocity at various frequencies, in four-dimensional space (x, y, z, f), called 4D-OCE phase velocity. The method enables local estimates of the phase velocity of propagating mechanical waves in a medium. We acquired and analyzed data with this method from a homogeneous reference phantom, a heterogeneous phantom material with four different excitation cases, and ex vivo porcine kidney tissue. The 3D-OCE group velocity was also estimated to compare with 4D-OCE phase velocity. Moreover, we performed numerical simulation of wave propagations to illustrate the boundary behavior of the propagating waves. The proposed 4D-OCE phase velocity is capable of providing further information in OCE to better understand the spatial variation of mechanical properties of various biological tissues with respect to frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics,
AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow
30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200
First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical
Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905,
USA
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9
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Acoustic radiation force optical coherence elastography for evaluating mechanical properties of soft condensed matters and its biological applications. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2020; 13:e201960134. [PMID: 31872545 PMCID: PMC7243171 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201960134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating mechanical properties of biological soft tissues and viscous mucus is challenging because of complicated dynamic behaviors. Soft condensed matter models have been successfully used to explain a number of dynamical behaviors. Here, we reported that optical coherence elastography (OCE) is capable of quantifying mechanical properties of soft condensed matters, micellar fluids. A 7.5 MHz focused transducer was utilized to generate acoustic radiation force exerted on the surface of soft condensed matters in order to produce Rayleigh waves. The waves were recorded by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The Kelvin-Voigt model was adopted to evaluate shear modulus and loss modulus of soft condensed matters. The results reported that various concentrations of micellar fluids can provide reasonable ranges of elasticity from 65.71 to 428.78 Pa and viscosity from 0.035 to 0.283 Pa·s, which are close to ranges for actual biological samples, like mucus. OCE might be a promising tool to differentiate pathologic mucus samples from healthy cases as advanced applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland
| | - Matthew W Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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10
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Liu HC, Kijanka P, Urban MW. Optical coherence tomography for evaluating capillary waves in blood and plasma. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:1092-1106. [PMID: 32206401 PMCID: PMC7041467 DOI: 10.1364/boe.382819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Capillary waves are associated with fluid mechanical properties. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has previously been used to determine the viscoelasticity of soft tissues or cornea. Here we report that OCT was able to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The capillary waves of water, porcine whole blood and plasma on the interfacial surface, air-fluid in this case, are discussed in theory, and phase velocities of capillary waves were estimated by both our OCT experiments and theoretical calculations. Our experiments revealed highly comparable results with theoretical calculations. We concluded that OCT would be a promising tool to evaluate phase velocities of capillary waves in fluids. The methods described in this study could be applied to determine surface tensions and viscosities of fluids for differentiating hematological diseases in the future potential biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Piotr Kijanka
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Robotics and Mechatronics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Matthew W. Urban
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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11
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Hepburn MS, Wijesinghe P, Chin L, Kennedy BF. Analysis of spatial resolution in phase-sensitive compression optical coherence elastography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 10:1496-1513. [PMID: 30891363 PMCID: PMC6420276 DOI: 10.1364/boe.10.001496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE) is emerging as a method to image the mechanical properties of tissue on the microscale. However, the spatial resolution, a main advantage of OCE, has not been investigated and is not trivial to evaluate. To address this, we present a framework to analyze resolution in phase-sensitive compression OCE that incorporates the three main determinants of resolution: mechanical deformation of the sample, detection of this deformation using optical coherence tomography (OCT), and signal processing to estimate local axial strain. We demonstrate for the first time, through close correspondence between experiment and simulation of structured phantoms, that resolution in compression OCE is both spatially varying and sample dependent, which we link to the discrepancies between the model of elasticity and the mechanical deformation of the sample. We demonstrate that resolution is dependent on factors such as feature size and mechanical contrast. We believe that the analysis of image formation provided by our framework can expedite the development of compression OCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt S. Hepburn
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Philip Wijesinghe
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Current address: SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews, KY16 9SS, UK
| | - Lixin Chin
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Brendan F. Kennedy
- BRITElab, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
- Department of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35, Stirling Highway, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
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12
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Larin KV, Sampson DD. Optical coherence elastography - OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:1172-1202. [PMID: 28271011 PMCID: PMC5330567 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.001172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill V Larin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, 3605 Cullen Blvd., Houston, Texas 77204-5060, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas 77030, USA;
| | - David D Sampson
- Optical + Biomedical Engineering Laboratory, School of Electrical, Electronic & Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation & Analysis, The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia;
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13
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Aglyamov SR, Wang S, Karpiouk AB, Li J, Twa M, Emelianov SY, Larin KV. The dynamic deformation of a layered viscoelastic medium under surface excitation. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:4295-312. [PMID: 25974168 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/11/4295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study the dynamic behavior of a layered viscoelastic medium in response to the harmonic and impulsive acoustic radiation force applied to its surface was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. An analytical solution for a layered viscoelastic compressible medium in frequency and time domains was obtained using the Hankel transform. A special incompressible case was considered to model soft biological tissues. To verify our theoretical model, experiments were performed using tissue-like gel-based phantoms with varying mechanical properties. A 3.5 MHz single-element focused ultrasound transducer was used to apply the radiation force at the surface of the phantoms. A phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system was used to track the displacements of the phantom surface. Theoretically predicted displacements were compared with experimental measurements. The role of the depth dependence of the elastic properties of a medium in its response to an acoustic pulse at the surface was studied. It was shown that the low-frequency vibrations at the surface are more sensitive to the deep layers than high-frequency ones. Therefore, the proposed model in combination with spectral analysis can be used to evaluate depth-dependent distribution of the mechanical properties based on the measurements of the surface deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salavat R Aglyamov
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78731, USA
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14
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Li C, Guan G, Zhang F, Song S, Wang RK, Huang Z, Nabi G. Quantitative elasticity measurement of urinary bladder wall using laser-induced surface acoustic waves. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:4313-28. [PMID: 25574440 PMCID: PMC4285607 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.004313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of urinary bladder elasticity is essential to its functions, including the storage and voiding phases of the micturition cycle. The bladder stiffness can be changed by various pathophysiological conditions. Quantitative measurement of bladder elasticity is an essential step toward understanding various urinary bladder disease processes and improving patient care. As a nondestructive, and noncontact method, laser-induced surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can accurately characterize the elastic properties of different layers of organs such as the urinary bladder. This initial investigation evaluates the feasibility of a noncontact, all-optical method of generating and measuring the elasticity of the urinary bladder. Quantitative elasticity measurements of ex vivo porcine urinary bladder were made using the laser-induced SAW technique. A pulsed laser was used to excite SAWs that propagated on the bladder wall surface. A dedicated phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT) system remotely recorded the SAWs, from which the elasticity properties of different layers of the bladder were estimated. During the experiments, series of measurements were performed under five precisely controlled bladder volumes using water to estimate changes in the elasticity in relation to various urinary bladder contents. The results, validated by optical coherence elastography, show that the laser-induced SAW technique combined with PhS-OCT can be a feasible method of quantitative estimation of biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland,
UK
| | - Guangying Guan
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
| | - Shaozhen Song
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave. NE, Seattle, WA 98195,
USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland,
UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland,
UK
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15
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Li C, Guan G, Zhang F, Nabi G, Wang RK, Huang Z. Laser induced surface acoustic wave combined with phase sensitive optical coherence tomography for superficial tissue characterization: a solution for practical application. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2014; 5:1403-19. [PMID: 24877004 PMCID: PMC4026889 DOI: 10.1364/boe.5.001403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical properties are important parameters that can be used to assess the physiologic conditions of biologic tissue. Measurements and mapping of tissue mechanical properties can aid in the diagnosis, characterisation and treatment of diseases. As a non-invasive, non-destructive and non-contact method, laser induced surface acoustic waves (SAWs) have potential to accurately characterise tissue elastic properties. However, challenge still exists when the laser is directly applied to the tissue because of potential heat generation due to laser energy deposition. This paper focuses on the thermal effect of the laser induced SAW on the tissue target and provides an alternate solution to facilitate its application in clinic environment. The solution proposed is to apply a thin agar membrane as surface shield to protect the tissue. Transient thermal analysis is developed and verified by experiments to study the effects of the high energy Nd:YAG laser pulse on the surface shield. The approach is then verified by measuring the mechanical property of skin in a Thiel mouse model. The results demonstrate a useful step toward the practical application of laser induced SAW method for measuring real elasticity of normal and diseased tissues in dermatology and other surface epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Li
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Guangying Guan
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Ruikang K Wang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK ; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15th Ave NE, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
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16
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Song S, Huang Z, Nguyen TM, Wong EY, Arnal B, O’Donnell M, Wang RK. Shear modulus imaging by direct visualization of propagating shear waves with phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2013; 18:121509. [PMID: 24213539 PMCID: PMC4019419 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.18.12.121509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We propose an integrated method combining low-frequency mechanics with optical imaging to map the shear modulus within the biological tissue. Induced shear wave propagating in tissue is tracked in space and time using phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PhS-OCT). Local estimates of the shear-wave speed obtained from tracking results can image the local shear modulus. A PhS-OCT system remotely records depth-resolved, dynamic mechanical waves at an equivalent frame rate of ∼47 kHz with the high spatial resolution. The proposed method was validated by examining tissue-mimicking phantoms made of agar and light scattering material. Results demonstrate that the shear wave imaging can accurately map the elastic moduli of these phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaozhen Song
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
- University of Dundee, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- University of Dundee, School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Thu-Mai Nguyen
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Emily Y. Wong
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Bastien Arnal
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Matthew O’Donnell
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Ruikang K. Wang
- University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195
- University of Washington, Department of Ophthalmology, 325 9th Avenue, Seattle, Washington 98104
- Address all correspondence to: Ruikang K. Wang, University of Washington, Department of Bioengineering, 3720 15th Avenue NE, Seattle, Washington 98195. Tel: 206 6165025; Fax: 206-685-3300; E-mail:
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17
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Au KM, Lu Z, Matcher SJ, Armes SP. Anti-biofouling conducting polymer nanoparticles as a label-free optical contrast agent for high resolution subsurface biomedical imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:8925-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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