1
|
Kim Y, Cho M, Paulson B, Kim SH, Kim JK. Minimizing Motion Artifacts in Intravital Microscopy Using the Sedative Effect of Dexmedetomidine. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2022; 28:1-8. [PMID: 35599594 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927622000708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Among intravital imaging instruments, the intravital two-photon fluorescence excitation microscope has the advantage of enabling real-time 3D fluorescence imaging deep into cells and tissues, with reduced photobleaching and photodamage compared with conventional intravital confocal microscopes. However, excessive motion of organs due to involuntary movement such as breathing may result in out-of-focus images and severe fluorescence intensity fluctuations, which hinder meaningful imaging and analysis. The clinically approved alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine was administered to mice during two-photon fluorescence intravital imaging to alleviate this problem. As dexmedetomidine blocks the release of the neurotransmitter norepinephrine, pain is suppressed, blood pressure is reduced, and a sedation effect is observed. By tracking the quality of focus and stability of detected fluorescence in two-photon fluorescence images of fluorescein isothiocyanate-sensitized liver vasculature in vivo, we demonstrated that intravascular dexmedetomidine can reduce fluorescence fluctuations caused by respiration on a timescale of minutes in mice, improving image quality and resolution. The results indicate that short-term dexmedetomidine treatment is suitable for reducing involuntary motion in preclinical intravital imaging studies. This method may be applicable to other animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youngkyu Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Cho
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Bjorn Paulson
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hoon Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ki Kim
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Convergence Medicine, University of Ulsan, College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-Gil, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Husna N, Gascoigne NRJ, Tey HL, Ng LG, Tan Y. Reprint of "Multi-modal image cytometry approach - From dynamic to whole organ imaging". Cell Immunol 2020; 350:104086. [PMID: 32169249 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2020.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Optical imaging is a valuable tool to visualise biological processes in the context of the tissue. Each imaging modality provides the biologist with different types of information - cell dynamics and migration over time can be tracked with time-lapse imaging (e.g. intra-vital imaging); an overview of whole tissues can be acquired using optical clearing in conjunction with light sheet microscopy; finer details such as cellular morphology and fine nerve tortuosity can be imaged at higher resolution using the confocal microscope. Multi-modal imaging combined with image cytometry - a form of quantitative analysis of image datasets - provides an objective basis for comparing between sample groups. Here, we provide an overview of technical aspects to look out for in an image cytometry workflow, and discuss issues related to sample preparation, image post-processing and analysis for intra-vital and whole organ imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazihah Husna
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Hong Liang Tey
- National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308232, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Lai Guan Ng
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
| | - Yingrou Tan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), Biopolis, 8A Biomedical Grove, Singapore 138648, Singapore; National Skin Centre, 1 Mandalay Road, Singapore 308205, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vinegoni C, Feruglio PF, Gryczynski I, Mazitschek R, Weissleder R. Fluorescence anisotropy imaging in drug discovery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 151-152:262-288. [PMID: 29410158 PMCID: PMC6072632 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive measurement of drug-target engagement can provide critical insights in the molecular pharmacology of small molecule drugs. Fluorescence polarization/fluorescence anisotropy measurements are commonly employed in protein/cell screening assays. However, the expansion of such measurements to the in vivo setting has proven difficult until recently. With the advent of high-resolution fluorescence anisotropy microscopy it is now possible to perform kinetic measurements of intracellular drug distribution and target engagement in commonly used mouse models. In this review we discuss the background, current advances and future perspectives in intravital fluorescence anisotropy measurements to derive pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic measurements in single cells and whole organs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurological, Biomedical and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Ignacy Gryczynski
- University of North Texas Health Science Center, Institute for Molecular Medicine, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ralph Mazitschek
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Husna N, Gascoigne NR, Tey HL, Ng LG, Tan Y. Multi-modal image cytometry approach – From dynamic to whole organ imaging. Cell Immunol 2019; 344:103946. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
5
|
Tify: A quality-based frame selection tool for improving the output of unstable biomedical imaging. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213162. [PMID: 30856207 PMCID: PMC6411139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to image biological tissues is critical to our understanding of a range of systems and processes. In the case of in situ living tissue, such imaging is hampered by the innate mechanical properties of the tissue. In many cases, this provides challenges in how to process large amounts of image data which may contain aberrations from movement. Generally, current tools require the provision of reference images and are unable to maintain temporal correlations within an image set. Here, we describe a tool-Tify-which can accurately predict a numerical quality score versus human scoring and can analyse image sets in a manner that allows the maintenance of temporal relationships. The tool uses regression-based techniques to link image statistics to image quality based on user provided scores from a sample of images. Scores calculated by the software correlate strongly with the scores provided by human users. We identified that, in most cases, the software requires users to score between 20-30 frames in order to be able to accurately calculate the remaining images. Importantly, our results suggest that the software can use coefficients generated from consolidated image sets to process images without the need for additional manual scoring. Finally, the tool is able to use a frame windowing technique to identify the highest quality frame from a moving window, thus retaining macro-chronological connections between frames. In summary, Tify is able to successfully predict the quality of images in an image set based on a small number of sample scores provided by end-users. This software has the potential to improve the effectiveness of biological imaging techniques where motion artefacts, even in the presence of stabilisation, pose a significant problem.
Collapse
|
6
|
Vinegoni C, Feruglio PF, Weissleder R. High dynamic range fluorescence imaging. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2019; 25:6801507. [PMID: 31598059 PMCID: PMC6785194 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2881608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence acquisition and image display over a high dynamic range is highly desirable. However, the limited dynamic range of current photodetectors and imaging CCDs impose a limit on the fluorescence intensities that can be simultaneously captured during a single image acquisition. This is particularly troublesome when imaging biological samples, where protein expression fluctuates considerably. As a result, biological images will often contain regions with signal that is either saturated or hidden within background noise, causing information loss. In this manuscript we summarize recent work from our group and others, to extended conventional to high dynamic range fluorescence imaging. These strategies have many biological applications, such as mapping of neural connections, vascular imaging, bio-distribution studies or pharmacologic imaging at the single cell and organ level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA and with the Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nobis M, Warren SC, Lucas MC, Murphy KJ, Herrmann D, Timpson P. Molecular mobility and activity in an intravital imaging setting - implications for cancer progression and targeting. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:131/5/jcs206995. [PMID: 29511095 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mobility, localisation and spatiotemporal activity are at the core of cell biological processes and deregulation of these dynamic events can underpin disease development and progression. Recent advances in intravital imaging techniques in mice are providing new avenues to study real-time molecular behaviour in intact tissues within a live organism and to gain exciting insights into the intricate regulation of live cell biology at the microscale level. The monitoring of fluorescently labelled proteins and agents can be combined with autofluorescent properties of the microenvironment to provide a comprehensive snapshot of in vivo cell biology. In this Review, we summarise recent intravital microscopy approaches in mice, in processes ranging from normal development and homeostasis to disease progression and treatment in cancer, where we emphasise the utility of intravital imaging to observe dynamic and transient events in vivo We also highlight the recent integration of advanced subcellular imaging techniques into the intravital imaging pipeline, which can provide in-depth biological information beyond the single-cell level. We conclude with an outlook of ongoing developments in intravital microscopy towards imaging in humans, as well as provide an overview of the challenges the intravital imaging community currently faces and outline potential ways for overcoming these hurdles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Nobis
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Sean C Warren
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Morghan C Lucas
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Kendelle J Murphy
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - David Herrmann
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Paul Timpson
- The Garvan Institute of Medical Research and The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miller MA, Weissleder R. Imaging the pharmacology of nanomaterials by intravital microscopy: Toward understanding their biological behavior. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 113:61-86. [PMID: 27266447 PMCID: PMC5136524 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2016.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic nanoparticles (NPs) can deliver cytotoxic chemotherapeutics and other drugs more safely and efficiently to patients; furthermore, selective delivery to target tissues can theoretically be accomplished actively through coating NPs with molecular ligands, and passively through exploiting physiological "enhanced permeability and retention" features. However, clinical trial results have been mixed in showing improved efficacy with drug nanoencapsulation, largely due to heterogeneous NP accumulation at target sites across patients. Thus, a clear need exists to better understand why many NP strategies fail in vivo and not result in significantly improved tumor uptake or therapeutic response. Multicolor in vivo confocal fluorescence imaging (intravital microscopy; IVM) enables integrated pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) measurement at the single-cell level, and has helped answer key questions regarding the biological mechanisms of in vivo NP behavior. This review summarizes progress to date and also describes useful technical strategies for successful IVM experimentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles A Miller
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge St, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee S, Courties G, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R, Vinegoni C. Motion characterization scheme to minimize motion artifacts in intravital microscopy. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2017; 22:36005. [PMID: 28253383 PMCID: PMC5333764 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.22.3.036005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory- and cardiac-induced motion artifacts pose a major challenge for in vivo optical imaging, limiting the temporal and spatial imaging resolution in fluorescence laser scanning microscopy. Here, we present an imaging platform developed for in vivo characterization of physiologically induced axial motion. The motion characterization system can be straightforwardly implemented on any conventional laser scanning microscope and can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of different motion stabilization schemes. This method is particularly useful to improve the design of novel tissue stabilizers and to facilitate stabilizer positioning in real time, therefore facilitating optimal tissue immobilization and minimizing motion induced artifacts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungon Lee
- Hanyang University, School of Electrical Engineering, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabriel Courties
- Richard B. Simches Research Center, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Richard B. Simches Research Center, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Richard B. Simches Research Center, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Claudio Vinegoni
- Richard B. Simches Research Center, Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fiole D, Tournier JN. Intravital microscopy of the lung: minimizing invasiveness. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2016; 9:868-878. [PMID: 26846880 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201500246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In vivo microscopy has recently become a gold standard in lung immunology studies involving small animals, largely benefiting from the democratization of multiphoton microscopy allowing for deep tissue imaging. This technology represents currently our only way of exploring the lungs and inferring what happens in human respiratory medicine. The interest of lung in vivo microscopy essentially relies upon its relevance as a study model, fulfilling physiological requirements in comparison with in vitro and ex vivo experiments. However, strategies developed in order to overcome movements of the thorax caused by breathing and heartbeats remain the chief drawback of the technique and a major source of invasiveness. In this context, minimizing invasiveness is an unavoidable prerequisite for any improvement of lung in vivo microscopy. This review puts into perspective the main techniques enabling lung in vivo microscopy, providing pros and cons regarding invasiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fiole
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, 91223, France.
- Human Histopathology and Animal Models, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75725, France.
| | - Jean-Nicolas Tournier
- Unité Interactions Hôte-Agents pathogènes, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny-sur-Orge cedex, 91223, France
- Laboratoire Pathogénie des Toxi-Infections Bactériennes, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du docteur Roux, Paris, 75725, France
- Ecole du Val-de-Grâce, 1 place Alphonse Laveran, Paris, 75230, France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
McArdle S, Mikulski Z, Ley K. Live cell imaging to understand monocyte, macrophage, and dendritic cell function in atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 2016; 213:1117-31. [PMID: 27270892 PMCID: PMC4925021 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20151885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ley et al. provide a review of the technology and accomplishments of dynamic imaging of myeloid cells in atherosclerosis. Intravital imaging is an invaluable tool for understanding the function of cells in healthy and diseased tissues. It provides a window into dynamic processes that cannot be studied by other techniques. This review will cover the benefits and limitations of various techniques for labeling and imaging myeloid cells, with a special focus on imaging cells in atherosclerotic arteries. Although intravital imaging is a powerful tool for understanding cell function, it alone does not provide a complete picture of the cell. Other techniques, such as flow cytometry and transcriptomics, must be combined with intravital imaging to fully understand a cell's phenotype, lineage, and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| | - Klaus Ley
- Division of Inflammation Biology and Microscopy Core, La Jolla Institute of Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
Real-time microscopic imaging of moving organs at single-cell resolution represents a major challenge in studying complex biology in living systems. Motion of the tissue from the cardiac and respiratory cycles severely limits intravital microscopy by compromising ultimate spatial and temporal imaging resolution. However, significant recent advances have enabled single-cell resolution imaging to be achieved in vivo. In this protocol, we describe experimental procedures for intravital microscopy based on a combination of thoracic surgery, tissue stabilizers and acquisition gating methods, which enable imaging at the single-cell level in the beating heart in the mouse. Setup of the model is typically completed in 1 h, which allows 2 h or more of continuous cardiac imaging. This protocol can be readily adapted for the imaging of other moving organs, and it will therefore broadly facilitate in vivo high-resolution microscopy studies.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gómez-Conde I, Caetano SS, Tadokoro CE, Olivieri DN. Stabilizing 3D in vivo intravital microscopy images with an iteratively refined soft-tissue model for immunology experiments. Comput Biol Med 2015; 64:246-60. [PMID: 26232672 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We describe a set of new algorithms and a software tool, StabiTissue, for stabilizing in vivo intravital microscopy images that suffer from soft-tissue background movement. Because these images lack predetermined anchors and are dominated by noise, we use a pixel weighted image alignment together with a correction for nonlinear tissue deformations. We call this correction a poor man׳s diffeomorphic map since it ascertains the nonlinear regions of the image without resorting to a full integral equation method. To determine the quality of the image stabilization, we developed an ensemble sampling method that quantifies the coincidence between image pairs from randomly distributed image regions. We obtain global stabilization alignment through an iterative constrained simulated annealing optimization procedure. To show the accuracy of our algorithm with existing software, we measured the misalignment error rate in datasets taken from two different organs and compared the results to a similar and popular open-source solution. Present open-source stabilization software tools perform poorly because they do not treat the specific needs of the IV-2pM datasets with soft-tissue deformation, speckle noise, full 5D inter- and intra-stack motion error correction, and undefined anchors. In contrast, the results of our tests demonstrate that our method is more immune to noise and provides better performance for datasets' possessing nonlinear tissue deformations. As a practical application of our software, we show how our stabilization improves cell tracking, where the presence of background movement would degrade track information. We also provide a qualitative comparison of our software with other open-source libraries/applications. Our software is freely available at the open source repository http://sourceforge.net/projects/stabitissue/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iván Gómez-Conde
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain.
| | - Susana S Caetano
- Immune Regulation Group, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Carlos E Tadokoro
- Immune Regulation Group, Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras, Portugal; Laboratory of Immunobiology, Universidade Vila Velha, Vila Velha, Brazil
| | - David N Olivieri
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vigo, Ourense 32004, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vinegoni C, Lee S, Aguirre AD, Weissleder R. New techniques for motion-artifact-free in vivo cardiac microscopy. Front Physiol 2015; 6:147. [PMID: 26029116 PMCID: PMC4428079 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital imaging microscopy (i.e., imaging in live animals at microscopic resolution) has become an indispensable tool for studying the cellular micro-dynamics in cancer, immunology and neurobiology. High spatial and temporal resolution, combined with large penetration depth and multi-reporter visualization capability make fluorescence intravital microscopy compelling for heart imaging. However, tissue motion caused by cardiac contraction and respiration critically limits its use. As a result, in vitro cell preparations or non-contracting explanted heart models are more commonly employed. Unfortunately, these approaches fall short of understanding the more complex host physiology that may be dynamic and occur over longer periods of time. In this review, we report on novel technologies, which have been recently developed by our group and others, aimed at overcoming motion-induced artifacts and capable of providing in vivo subcellular resolution imaging in the beating mouse heart. The methods are based on mechanical stabilization, image processing algorithms, gated/triggered acquisition schemes or a combination of both. We expect that in the immediate future all these methodologies will have considerable applications in expanding our understanding of the cardiac biology, elucidating cardiomyocyte function and interactions within the organism in vivo, and ultimately improving the treatment of cardiac diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sungon Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA ; School of Electrical Engineering, Hanyang University Ansan, South Korea
| | - Aaron D Aguirre
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
McArdle S, Chodaczek G, Ray N, Ley K. Intravital live cell triggered imaging system reveals monocyte patrolling and macrophage migration in atherosclerotic arteries. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:26005. [PMID: 25710308 PMCID: PMC4339534 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.2.026005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intravital multiphoton imaging of arteries is technically challenging because the artery expands with every heartbeat, causing severe motion artifacts. To study leukocyte activity in atherosclerosis, we developed the intravital live cell triggered imaging system (ILTIS). This system implements cardiac triggered acquisition as well as frame selection and image registration algorithms to produce stable movies of myeloid cell movement in atherosclerotic arteries in live mice. To minimize tissue damage, no mechanical stabilization is used and the artery is allowed to expand freely. ILTIS performs multicolor high frame-rate two-dimensional imaging and full-thickness three-dimensional imaging of beating arteries in live mice. The external carotid artery and its branches (superior thyroid and ascending pharyngeal arteries) were developed as a surgically accessible and reliable model of atherosclerosis. We use ILTIS to demonstrate Cx3cr1GFP monocytes patrolling the lumen of atherosclerotic arteries. Additionally, we developed a new reporter mouse (Apoe−/−Cx3cr1GFP/+Cd11cYFP) to image GFP+ and GFP+YFP + macrophages “dancing on the spot” and YFP+ macrophages migrating within intimal plaque. ILTIS will be helpful to answer pertinent open questions in the field, including monocyte recruitment and transmigration, macrophage and dendritic cell activity, and motion of other immune cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara McArdle
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- University of California, Department of Bioengineering, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Grzegorz Chodaczek
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Wroclaw Research Centre EIT+, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Nilanjan Ray
- University of Alberta, Department of Computing Science, 8900 114 Street Northwest, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2S4, Canada
| | - Klaus Ley
- La Jolla Institute, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alieva M, Ritsma L, Giedt RJ, Weissleder R, van Rheenen J. Imaging windows for long-term intravital imaging: General overview and technical insights. INTRAVITAL 2014; 3:e29917. [PMID: 28243510 PMCID: PMC5312719 DOI: 10.4161/intv.29917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy is increasingly used to visualize and quantitate dynamic biological processes at the (sub)cellular level in live animals. By visualizing tissues through imaging windows, individual cells (e.g., cancer, host, or stem cells) can be tracked and studied over a time-span of days to months. Several imaging windows have been developed to access tissues including the brain, superficial fascia, mammary glands, liver, kidney, pancreas, and small intestine among others. Here, we review the development of imaging windows and compare the most commonly used long-term imaging windows for cancer biology: the cranial imaging window, the dorsal skin fold chamber, the mammary imaging window, and the abdominal imaging window. Moreover, we provide technical details, considerations, and trouble-shooting tips on the surgical procedures and microscopy setups for each imaging window and explain different strategies to assure imaging of the same area over multiple imaging sessions. This review aims to be a useful resource for establishing the long-term intravital imaging procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alieva
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht; CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laila Ritsma
- Center for Cancer Research and Center for Regenerative Medicine; Massachusetts General Hospital; Richard B. Simches Research Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute for Technology; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Randy J Giedt
- Center for Systems Biology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Richard B. Simches Research Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology; Massachusetts General Hospital; Richard B. Simches Research Center; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA; Department of Systems Biology; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht; CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee S, Vinegoni C, Sebas M, Weissleder R. Automated motion artifact removal for intravital microscopy, without a priori information. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4507. [PMID: 24676021 PMCID: PMC3968488 DOI: 10.1038/srep04507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravital fluorescence microscopy, through extended penetration depth and imaging resolution, provides the ability to image at cellular and subcellular resolution in live animals, presenting an opportunity for new insights into in vivo biology. Unfortunately, physiological induced motion components due to respiration and cardiac activity are major sources of image artifacts and impose severe limitations on the effective imaging resolution that can be ultimately achieved in vivo. Here we present a novel imaging methodology capable of automatically removing motion artifacts during intravital microscopy imaging of organs and orthotopic tumors. The method is universally applicable to different laser scanning modalities including confocal and multiphoton microscopy, and offers artifact free reconstructions independent of the physiological motion source and imaged organ. The methodology, which is based on raw data acquisition followed by image processing, is here demonstrated for both cardiac and respiratory motion compensation in mice heart, kidney, liver, pancreas and dorsal window chamber.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sungon Lee
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA [2] Interaction and Robotics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea [3]
| | - Claudio Vinegoni
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA [2]
| | - Matthew Sebas
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- 1] Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA [2] Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Vinegoni C, Lee S, Feruglio PF, Weissleder R. Advanced Motion Compensation Methods for Intravital Optical Microscopy. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2014; 20:10.1109/JSTQE.2013.2279314. [PMID: 24273405 PMCID: PMC3832946 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2013.2279314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Intravital microscopy has emerged in the recent decade as an indispensible imaging modality for the study of the micro-dynamics of biological processes in live animals. Technical advancements in imaging techniques and hardware components, combined with the development of novel targeted probes and new mice models, have enabled us to address long-standing questions in several biology areas such as oncology, cell biology, immunology and neuroscience. As the instrument resolution has increased, physiological motion activities have become a major obstacle that prevents imaging live animals at resolutions analogue to the ones obtained in vitro. Motion compensation techniques aim at reducing this gap and can effectively increase the in vivo resolution. This paper provides a technical review of some of the latest developments in motion compensation methods, providing organ specific solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Sungon Lee
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA. He is now with Interaction and Robotics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul 136-791 Korea
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA and with the Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Targeting cathepsin E in pancreatic cancer by a small molecule allows in vivo detection. Neoplasia 2014; 15:684-93. [PMID: 23814481 DOI: 10.1593/neo.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
When resectable, invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is most commonly treated with surgery and radiochemotherapy. Given the intricate local anatomy and locoregional mode of dissemination, achieving clean surgical margins can be a significant challenge. On the basis of observations that cathepsin E (CTSE) is overexpressed in PDAC and that an United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved protease inhibitor has high affinity for CTSE, we have developed a CTSE optical imaging agent [ritonavir tetramethyl-BODIPY (RIT-TMB)] for potential intraoperative use. We show nanomolar affinity [half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 39.9 ± 1.2 nM] against CTSE of the RIT-TMB in biochemical assays and intracellular accumulation and target-to-background ratios that allow specific delineation of individual cancer cells. This approach should be useful for more refined surgical staging, planning, and resection with curative intent.
Collapse
|
20
|
Vinegoni C, Lee S, Feruglio PF, Marzola P, Nahrendorf M, Weissleder R. Sequential average segmented microscopy for high signal-to-noise ratio motion-artifact-free in vivo heart imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 4:2095-106. [PMID: 24156067 PMCID: PMC3799669 DOI: 10.1364/boe.4.002095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In vivo imaging is often severely compromised by cardiovascular and respiratory motion. Highly successful motion compensation techniques have been developed for clinical imaging (e.g. magnetic resonance imaging) but the use of more advanced techniques for intravital microscopy is largely unexplored. Here, we implement a sequential cardiorespiratory gating scheme (SCG) for averaged microscopy. We show that SCG is very efficient in eliminating motion artifacts, is highly practical, enables high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in vivo imaging, and yields large field of views. The technique is particularly useful for high-speed data acquisition or for imaging scenarios where the fluorescence signal is not significantly above noise or background levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vinegoni
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Sungon Lee
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
- Interaction and Robotics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
- Equal contribution
| | - Paolo Fumene Feruglio
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Pasquina Marzola
- Department of Computer Science, University of Verona, Strada le Grazie 15, I-37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Matthias Nahrendorf
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for System Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Richard B. Simches Research Center, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston 02114, USA
| |
Collapse
|