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Yuan Y, Huang J, Yu J, Tan JKS, Chng KZ, Lee J, Kim S. Application of machine learning algorithms for accurate determination of bilirubin level on in vitro engineered tissue phantom images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5952. [PMID: 38467676 PMCID: PMC10928098 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Neonatal Jaundice is a common occurrence in neonates. High excess bilirubin would lead to hyperbilirubinemia, leading to irreversible adverse damage such as kernicterus. Therefore, it is necessary and important to monitor neonates' bilirubin levels in real-time for immediate intervention. However, current screening protocols have their inherent limitations, necessitating more convenient measurements. In this proof-of-concept study, we evaluated the feasibility of using machine learning for the screening of hyperbilirubinemia in neonates from smartphone-acquired photographs. Different machine learning models were compared and evaluated to gain a better understanding of feature selection and model performance in bilirubin determination. An in vitro study was conducted with a bilirubin-containing tissue phantom to identify potential biological and environmental confounding factors. The findings of this study present a systematic characterization of the confounding effect of various factors through separate parametric tests. These tests uncover potential techniques in image pre-processing, highlighting important biological features (light scattering property and skin thickness) and external features (ISO, lighting conditions and white balance), which together contribute to robust model approaches for accurately determining bilirubin concentrations. By obtaining an accuracy of 0.848 in classification and 0.812 in regression, these findings indicate strong potential in aiding in the design of clinical studies using patient-derived images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Yuan
- Advanced Innovation in Micro/Nanoengineering (AIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Jiayao Huang
- Advanced Innovation in Micro/Nanoengineering (AIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | - Jiachen Yu
- Advanced Innovation in Micro/Nanoengineering (AIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Justin Kok Soon Tan
- Advanced Innovation in Micro/Nanoengineering (AIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore
| | | | - Jiun Lee
- Department of Neonatology, National University Health System, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
- Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119228, Singapore
| | - Sangho Kim
- Advanced Innovation in Micro/Nanoengineering (AIM) Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore.
- N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119276, Singapore.
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2
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Qin X, Chen X, Yang Q, Yang L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Wang W. Analysis of Acousto-Optic Phenomenon in SAW Acoustofluidic Chip and Its Application in Light Refocusing. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050943. [PMID: 37241567 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes a common acousto-optic phenomenon in surface acoustic wave (SAW) microfluidic chips and accomplishes some imaging experiments based on these analyses. This phenomenon in acoustofluidic chips includes the appearance of bright and dark stripes and image distortion. This article analyzes the three-dimensional acoustic pressure field and refractive index field distribution induced by focused acoustic fields and completes an analysis of the light path in an uneven refractive index medium. Based on the analysis of microfluidic devices, a SAW device based on a solid medium is further proposed. This MEMS SAW device can refocus the light beam and adjust the sharpness of the micrograph. The focal length can be controlled by changing the voltage. Moreover, the chip is also proven to be capable of forming a refractive index field in scattering media, such as tissue phantom and pig subcutaneous fat layer. This chip has the potential to be used as a planar microscale optical component that is easy to integrate and further optimize and provides a new concept about tunable imaging devices that can be attached directly to the skin or tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Qin
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
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3
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Walter AB, Jansen ED. Development of a platform for broadband, spectra-fitted, tissue optical phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2023; 28:025001. [PMID: 36814953 PMCID: PMC9940728 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.28.2.025001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Current methods of producing optical phantoms are incapable of accurately capturing the wavelength-dependent properties of tissue critical for many optical modalities. AIM We aim to introduce a method of producing solid, inorganic phantoms whose wavelength-dependent optical properties can be matched to those of tissue over the wavelength range of 370 to 950 nm. APPROACH The concentration-dependent optical properties of 20 pigments were characterized and used to determine combinations that result in optimal fits compared to the target properties over the full spectrum. Phantoms matching the optical properties of muscle and nerve, the diffuse reflectance of pale and melanistic skin, and the chromophore concentrations of a computational skin model with varying oxygen saturation ( StO 2 ) were made with this method. RESULTS Both optical property phantoms were found to accurately mimic their respective tissues' absorption and scattering properties across the entire spectrum. The diffuse reflectance phantoms were able to closely approximate skin reflectance regardless of skin type. All three computational skin phantoms were found to have emulated chromophore concentrations close to the model, with an average percent error for the StO 2 of 4.31%. CONCLUSIONS This multipigment phantom platform represents a powerful tool for creating spectrally accurate tissue phantoms, which should increase the availability of standards for many optical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec B. Walter
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - E. Duco Jansen
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University, Biophotonics Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
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4
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Onyekanne CE, Salifu AA, Obayemi JD, Ani CJ, Ashouri Choshali H, Nwazojie CC, Onwudiwe KC, Oparah JC, Ezenwafor TC, Ezeala CC, Odusanya OS, Rahbar N, Soboyejo WO. Laser-induced heating of polydimethylsiloxane-magnetite nanocomposites for hyperthermic inhibition of triple-negative breast cancer cell proliferation. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2727-2743. [PMID: 35799416 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents the results of an experimental and computational study of the effects of laser-induced heating provided by magnetite nanocomposite structures that are being developed for the localized hyperthermic treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Magnetite nanoparticle-reinforced polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) nanocomposites were fabricated with weight percentages of 1%, 5%, and 10% magnetite nanoparticles. The nanocomposites were exposed to incident Near Infrared (NIR) laser beams with well-controlled powers. The laser-induced heating is explored in: (i) heating liquid media (deionized water and cell growth media [Leibovitz L15+]) to characterize the photothermal properties of the nanocomposites, (ii) in vitro experiments that explore the effects of localized heating on triple-negative breast cancer cells, and (iii) experiments in which the laser beams penetrate through chicken tissue to heat up nanocomposite samples embedded at different depths beneath the chicken skin. The resulting plasmonic laser-induced heating is explained using composite theories and heat transport models. The results show that the laser/nanocomposite interactions decrease the viability of triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) at temperatures in the hyperthermia domain between 41 and 44°C. Laser irradiation did not cause any observed physical damage to the chicken tissue. The potential in vivo performance of the PDMS nanocomposites was also investigated using computational finite element models of the effects of laser/magnetite nanocomposite interactions on the temperatures and thermal doses experienced by tissues that surround the nanocomposite devices. The implications of the results are then discussed for the development of implantable nanocomposite devices for localized treatment of triple-negative breast cancer tissue via hyperthermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinyerem E Onyekanne
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Ali A Salifu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John D Obayemi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chukwuemeka J Ani
- Department of Physics, Nile University of Nigeria, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Habibeh Ashouri Choshali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chukwudalu C Nwazojie
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Killian C Onwudiwe
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Josephine C Oparah
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Theresa C Ezenwafor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Chukwudi C Ezeala
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Olushola S Odusanya
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Advanced Laboratory, Sheda Science and Technology Complex, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria
| | - Nima Rahbar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Winston O Soboyejo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomaterials Lab, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja, Federal Capital Territory, Nigeria.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Hacker L, Wabnitz H, Pifferi A, Pfefer TJ, Pogue BW, Bohndiek SE. Criteria for the design of tissue-mimicking phantoms for the standardization of biophotonic instrumentation. Nat Biomed Eng 2022; 6:541-558. [PMID: 35624150 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-022-00890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A lack of accepted standards and standardized phantoms suitable for the technical validation of biophotonic instrumentation hinders the reliability and reproducibility of its experimental outputs. In this Perspective, we discuss general criteria for the design of tissue-mimicking biophotonic phantoms, and use these criteria and state-of-the-art developments to critically review the literature on phantom materials and on the fabrication of phantoms. By focusing on representative examples of standardization in diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy, fluorescence-guided surgery and photoacoustic imaging, we identify unmet needs in the development of phantoms and a set of criteria (leveraging characterization, collaboration, communication and commitment) for the standardization of biophotonic instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Hacker
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Heidrun Wabnitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Brian W Pogue
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. .,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Rudraiah PS, Duadi H, Fixler D. Diffused reflectance measurements to detect tattoo ink location in skin using the crossover point. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200003. [PMID: 35067001 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Tattoos are highly trendy in western culture, but many people regret their tattoos for many reasons. It is essential to be aware of the ink location in advance to reduce the long and short-term side effects. In this study, diffuse reflectance (DR) experiments were conducted on two-layer (2L) tissue-mimicking phantoms, where ink was sandwiched between the layers. An appreciable difference in the DR profile was found between the 2L phantom with and without the tattoo ink using the crossover point (Cp) method. Our technique was applied to ex vivo porcine skin. A point of intersection was found, between the skin and the tattooed skin. In the shorter wavelengths (500-600 nm), a distinguishable 2L behavior was found, and in longer wavelengths (600-850 nm), a single layer behavior was found between the tattooed skin before and after the intersection. In biological tissue, this Cp indeed finds the tattoo ink without harm to the surrounding skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavitra Sokke Rudraiah
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Hamootal Duadi
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Dror Fixler
- Faculty of Engineering and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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7
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Goldfain AM, Lemaillet P, Allen DW, Briggman KA, Hwang J. Polydimethylsiloxane tissue-mimicking phantoms with tunable optical properties. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 27:JBO-210209SSRR. [PMID: 34796707 PMCID: PMC8601433 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.7.074706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The polymer, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), has been increasingly used to make tissue simulating phantoms due to its excellent processability, durability, flexibility, and limited tunability of optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. We report on a robust technique to fabricate PDMS-based tissue-mimicking phantoms where the broad range of scattering and absorption properties are independently adjustable in the visible- to near-infrared wavelength range from 500 to 850 nm. We also report on an analysis method to concisely quantify the phantoms' broadband characteristics with four parameters. AIM We report on techniques to manufacture and characterize solid tissue-mimicking phantoms of PDMS polymers. Tunability of the absorption (μa ( λ ) ) and reduced scattering coefficient spectra (μs'(λ)) in the wavelength range of 500 to 850 nm is demonstrated by adjusting the concentrations of light absorbing carbon black powder (CBP) and light scattering titanium dioxide powder (TDP) added into the PDMS base material. APPROACH The μa ( λ ) and μs'(λ) of the phantoms were obtained through measurements with a broadband integrating sphere system and by applying an inverse adding doubling algorithm. Analyses of μa ( λ ) and μs'(λ) of the phantoms, by fitting them to linear and power law functions, respectively, demonstrate that independent control of μa ( λ ) and μs'(λ) is possible by systematically varying the concentrations of CBP and TDP. RESULTS Our technique quantifies the phantoms with four simple fitting parameters enabling a concise tabulation of their broadband optical properties as well as comparisons to the optical properties of biological tissues. We demonstrate that, to a limited extent, the scattering properties of our phantoms mimic those of human tissues of various types. A possible way to overcome this limitation is demonstrated with phantoms that incorporate polystyrene microbead scatterers. CONCLUSIONS Our manufacturing and analysis techniques may further promote the application of PDMS-based tissue-mimicking phantoms and may enable robust quality control and quality checks of the phantoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M. Goldfain
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Paul Lemaillet
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - David W. Allen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Sensor Science Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States
| | - Kimberly A. Briggman
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, Colorado, United States
| | - Jeeseong Hwang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Physics Division, Boulder, Colorado, United States
- Address all correspondence to Jeeseong Hwang,
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8
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Nam K, Jeong CB, Kim H, Ahn M, Ahn S, Hur H, Kim DU, Jang J, Gwon H, Lim Y, Cho D, Lee K, Bae JY, Chang KS. Quantitative Photothermal Characterization with Bioprinted 3D Complex Tissue Constructs for Early-Stage Breast Cancer Therapy Using Gold Nanorods. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100636. [PMID: 34235891 PMCID: PMC11468621 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Plasmonic photothermal therapy (PPTT) using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has shown great potential for use in selective tumor treatment, because the AuNPs can generate destructive heat preferentially upon irradiation. However, PPTT using AuNPs has not been added to practice, owing to insufficient heating methods and tissue temperature measurement techniques, leading to unreliable and inaccurate treatments. Because the photothermal properties of AuNPs vary with laser power, particle optical density, and tissue depth, the accurate prediction of heat generation is indispensable for clinical treatment. In this report, bioprinted 3D complex tissue constructs comprising processed gel obtained from porcine skin and human decellularized adipose tissue are presented for characterization of the photothermal properties of gold nanorods (AuNRs) having an aspect ratio of 3.7 irradiated by a near-infrared laser. Moreover, an analytical function is suggested for achieving PPTT that can cause thermal damage selectively on early-stage human breast cancer by regulating the heat generation of the AuNRs in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki‐Hwan Nam
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Bae Jeong
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - HyeMi Kim
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Minjun Ahn
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk37673Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Jun Ahn
- Research Division for Industry and EnvironmentKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)JeongeupJeollabuk‐do56212Republic of Korea
| | - Hwan Hur
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Kim
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT EngineeringSchool of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and BioengineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hui‐Jeong Gwon
- Research Division for Industry and EnvironmentKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)JeongeupJeollabuk‐do56212Republic of Korea
| | - Youn‐Mook Lim
- Research Division for Industry and EnvironmentKorea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI)JeongeupJeollabuk‐do56212Republic of Korea
| | - Dong‐Woo Cho
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)PohangKyungbuk37673Republic of Korea
| | - Kye‐Sung Lee
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Bae
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Chang
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationDivision of Scientific Instrumentation and ManagementKorea Basic Science Institute (KBSI)Daejeon34133Republic of Korea
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Structural, Mechanical, and Dielectric Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane and Silicone Elastomer for the Fabrication of Clinical-Grade Kidney Phantom. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to introduce an alternative, inexpensive, and straightforward polymer with specific mechanical and dielectric properties suitable for the fabrication of a clinical-grade kidney phantom. Two polymer-based phantom materials, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and silicone elastomer (SE), were investigated for their capability to meet the requirements. The concentration ratios of base to curing agent (B/C) were 9.5/1.5, 19/3, 10/1, 20/2, 10.5/0.5, and 21/1 for PDMS and 4.5/5.5, 10/12, 5/5, 11/11, 5.5/4.5, and 12/10 for SE. All samples were mixed, degassed, and poured into Petri dishes and small beakers. The polymer was cured under room temperature for 2 h and then demolded from the hard mold. The air bubbles produced were removed using a vacuum desiccator for 30 min. All samples underwent mechanical testing (tensile strength and elastic modulus), and their dielectric properties were measured using a dielectric probe kit equipped with 85071E materials measurement software. The radiation attenuation properties were also measured using PhyX-Zetra for PDMS phantoms with the chemical formula C2H6OSi. Small changes in base and cross-linker play an essential role in modifying the elastic modulus and tensile strength. The effective atomic number of PDMS showed a similar pattern with human kidney tissue at the intermediate energy level of 1.50 × 10−1 to 1 MeV. Therefore, PDMS can potentially be used to mimic the human kidney in terms of tensile strength, flexibility, the acceptable real part of the complex dielectric constant ε′r, and conductivity, which allows it to be used as a stable kidney phantom for medical imaging purposes.
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10
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Koenig A, Petitdidier N, Grateau H, Characoun S, Ghaith A, Verges S, Doutreleau S, Gharbi S, Gerbelot R, Gioux S, Dinten JM. Contact, high-resolution spatial diffuse reflectance imaging system for skin condition diagnosis: a first-in-human clinical trial. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200286R. [PMID: 33515218 PMCID: PMC7846121 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.1.012706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Oxygenation is one of the skin tissue physiological properties to follow for patient care management. Furthermore, long-term monitoring of such parameters is needed at the patient bed as well as outside the hospital. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy has been widely used for this purpose. AIM The aim of the study is to propose a low-cost system for the long-term measurement of skin physiological parameters in contact. APPROACH We have developed a low-cost, wearable, CMOS-based device. We propose an original method for processing diffuse reflectance data to calculate the tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). RESULTS We tested the device for the assessment of tissue oxygenation during a first-in-human clinical trial that took place at the Grenoble University Hospital France. CONCLUSIONS The results of this clinical trial show a good accordance between our sensor and commercial devices used a reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Koenig
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Nils Petitdidier
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Henri Grateau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Samarmar Characoun
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Hôpital Sud, Laboratoire HP2 (U 1042), Avenue Kimberley, Echirolles, France
| | - Abdallah Ghaith
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Hôpital Sud, Laboratoire HP2 (U 1042), Avenue Kimberley, Echirolles, France
| | - Samuel Verges
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Hôpital Sud, Laboratoire HP2 (U 1042), Avenue Kimberley, Echirolles, France
| | - Stéphane Doutreleau
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CHU Grenoble Alpes, INSERM, Hôpital Sud, Laboratoire HP2 (U 1042), Avenue Kimberley, Echirolles, France
| | - Sadok Gharbi
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Rémi Gerbelot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Télécom Physique Strasbourg, Laboratoire ICube, Illkirch, France
| | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- Université Grenoble Alpes, France—CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, Grenoble, France
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Piwoński H, Wang Y, Li W, Michinobu T, Habuchi S. Millimeter-Deep Detection of Single Shortwave-Infrared-Emitting Polymer Dots through Turbid Media. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:8803-8810. [PMID: 33206524 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c03675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence imaging at longer wavelengths, especially in the shortwave-infrared (SWIR: 1000-1700 nm) region, leads to a substantial decrease in light attenuation, scattering, and background autofluorescence, thereby enabling enhanced penetration into biological tissues. The limited selection of fluorescent probes is a major bottleneck in SWIR fluorescence imaging. Here, we develop SWIR-emitting nanoparticles composed of donor-acceptor-type conjugated polymers. The bright SWIR fluorescence of the polymer dots (primarily attributable to their large absorption cross-section and high fluorescence saturation intensity (as high as 113 kW·cm-2)) enables the unprecedented detection of single particles as small as 14 nm through millimeter-thick turbid media. Unlike most SWIR-emitting nanomaterials, which have an excited-state lifetime in the range of microseconds to milliseconds, our polymer dots exhibit a subnanosecond excited-state lifetime. These characteristics enable us to demonstrate new time-gated single-particle imaging with a high signal-to-background ratio. These findings expand the range of potential applications of single-particle deep-tissue imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Piwoński
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yang Wang
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Wei Li
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Satoshi Habuchi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Akbarzadeh A, Edjlali E, Sheehy G, Selb J, Agarwal R, Weber J, Leblond F. Experimental validation of a spectroscopic Monte Carlo light transport simulation technique and Raman scattering depth sensing analysis in biological tissue. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2020; 25:JBO-200202R. [PMID: 33111509 PMCID: PMC7720906 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.25.10.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Raman spectroscopy (RS) applied to surgical guidance is attracting attention among scientists in biomedical optics. Offering a computational platform for studying depth-resolved RS and probing molecular specificity of different tissue layers is of crucial importance to increase the precision of these techniques and facilitate their clinical adoption. AIM The aim of this work was to present a rigorous analysis of inelastic scattering depth sampling and elucidate the relationship between sensing depth of the Raman effect and optical properties of the tissue under interrogation. APPROACH A new Monte Carlo (MC) package was developed to simulate absorption, fluorescence, elastic, and inelastic scattering of light in tissue. The validity of the MC algorithm was demonstrated by comparison with experimental Raman spectra in phantoms of known optical properties using nylon and polydimethylsiloxane as Raman-active compounds. A series of MC simulations were performed to study the effects of optical properties on Raman sensing depth for an imaging geometry consistent with single-point detection using a handheld fiber optics probe system. RESULTS The MC code was used to estimate the Raman sensing depth of a handheld fiber optics system. For absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.001 and 1 mm - 1, the sensing depth varied from 105 to 225 μm for a range of Raman probabilities from 10 - 6 to 10 - 3. Further, for a realistic Raman probability of 10 - 6, the sensing depth ranged between 10 and 600 μm for the range of absorption coefficients 0.001 to 1.4 mm - 1 and reduced scattering coefficients of 0.5 to 30 mm - 1. CONCLUSIONS A spectroscopic MC light transport simulation platform was developed and validated against experimental measurements in tissue phantoms and used to predict depth sensing in tissue. It is hoped that the current package and reported results provide the research community with an effective simulating tool to improve the development of clinical applications of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Akbarzadeh
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ehsan Edjlali
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guillaume Sheehy
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Jessie Weber
- Institut National d’Optique, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Leblond
- Polytechnique Montréal, Department of Engineering Physics, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Address all correspondence to Frédéric Leblond,
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13
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Xie D, Guo W. Measurement and Calculation Methods on Absorption and Scattering Properties of Turbid Food in Vis/NIR Range. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-020-02402-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-18. [PMID: 31222987 PMCID: PMC6995958 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
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15
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Gioux S, Mazhar A, Cuccia DJ. Spatial frequency domain imaging in 2019: principles, applications, and perspectives. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019. [PMID: 31222987 DOI: 10.1117/1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) has witnessed very rapid growth over the last decade, owing to its unique capabilities for imaging optical properties and chromophores over a large field-of-view and in a rapid manner. We provide a comprehensive review of the principles of this imaging method as of 2019, review the modeling of light propagation in this domain, describe acquisition methods, provide an understanding of the various implementations and their practical limitations, and finally review applications that have been published in the literature. Importantly, we also introduce a group effort by several key actors in the field for the dissemination of SFDI, including publications, advice in hardware and implementations, and processing code, all freely available online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
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16
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Schmidt M, Aguénounon E, Nahas A, Torregrossa M, Tromberg BJ, Uhring W, Gioux S. Real-time, wide-field, and quantitative oxygenation imaging using spatiotemporal modulation of light. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2019; 24:1-7. [PMID: 30868804 PMCID: PMC6995963 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.24.7.071610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative diffuse optical imaging has the potential to provide valuable functional information about tissue status, such as oxygen saturation or blood content to healthcare practitioners in real time. However, significant technical challenges have so far prevented such tools from being deployed in the clinic. Toward achieving this goal, prior research introduced methods based on spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) that allow real-time (within milliseconds) wide-field imaging of optical properties but at a single wavelength. However, for this technology to be useful to clinicians, images must be displayed in terms of metrics related to the physiological state of the tissue, hence interpretable to guide decision-making. For this purpose, recent developments introduced multispectral SFDI methods for rapid imaging of oxygenation parameters up to 16 frames per seconds (fps). We introduce real-time, wide-field, and quantitative blood parameters imaging using spatiotemporal modulation of light. Using this method, we are able to quantitatively obtain optical properties at 100 fps at two wavelengths (665 and 860 nm), and therefore oxygenation, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin, using a single camera with, at most, 4.2% error in comparison with standard SFDI acquisitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Schmidt
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Amir Nahas
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Bruce J. Tromberg
- Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic, Laser Microbeam and Medical Program, Irvine, California, United States
- University of California, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Wilfried Uhring
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Gioux
- University of Strasbourg, ICube Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Address all correspondence to Sylvain Gioux, E-mail:
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17
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Petitdidier N, Koenig A, Gerbelot R, Grateau H, Gioux S, Jallon P. Contact, high-resolution spatial diffuse reflectance imaging system for skin condition diagnosis. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2018; 23:1-9. [PMID: 30426730 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.23.11.115003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Spatially resolved diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (srDRS) is a well-established technique for noninvasive, in vivo characterization of tissue optical properties toward diagnostic applications. srDRS has a potential for depth-resolved analysis of tissue, which is desired in various clinical situations. However, current fiber-based and photodiode-based systems have difficulties achieving this goal due to challenges in sampling the reflectance with a high enough resolution. We introduce a compact, low-cost architecture for srDRS based on the use of a multipixel imaging sensor and light-emitting diodes to achieve lensless diffuse reflectance imaging in contact with the tissue with high spatial resolution. For proof-of-concept, a prototype device, involving a commercially available complementary metal-oxide semiconductor coupled with a fiber-optic plate, was fabricated. Diffuse reflectance profiles were acquired at 645 nm at source-to-detector separations ranging from 480 μm to 4 mm with a resolution of 16.7 μm. Absorption coefficients (μa) and reduced scattering coefficients (μs') of homogeneous tissue-mimicking phantoms were measured with 4.2 ± 3.5 % and 7.0 ± 4.6 % error, respectively. The results obtained confirm the potential of our approach for quantitative characterization of tissue optical properties in contact imaging modality. This study is a first step toward the development of low-cost, wearable devices for skin condition diagnosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Petitdidier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France
- Lab. des sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie, France
- Univ. de Strasbourg, France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Gioux
- Lab. des sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie, France
- Univ. de Strasbourg, France
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18
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Liu G, Huang K, Jia Q, Liu S, Shen S, Li J, Dong E, Lemaillet P, Allen DW, Xu RX. Fabrication of a multilayer tissue-mimicking phantom with tunable optical properties to simulate vascular oxygenation and perfusion for optical imaging technology. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:6772-6780. [PMID: 30129625 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.006772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vast research has been carried out to fabricate tissue-mimicking phantoms, due to their convenient use and ease of storage, to assess and validate the performance of optical imaging devices. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been little research on the use of multilayer tissue phantoms for optical imaging technology, although their structure is closer to that of real skin tissue. In this work, we design, fabricate, and characterize multilayer tissue-mimicking phantoms, with a morphological mouse ear blood vessel, that contain an epidermis, a dermis, and a hypodermis. Each tissue-mimicking phantom layer is characterized individually to match specific skin tissue layer characteristics. The thickness, optical properties (absorption coefficient and reduced scattering coefficient), oxygenation, and perfusion of skin are the most critical parameters for disease diagnosis and for some medical equipment. These phantoms can be used as calibration artifacts and help to evaluate optical imaging technologies.
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19
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Fabrication of 3D Fingerprint Phantoms via Unconventional Polycarbonate Molding. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9613. [PMID: 29941987 PMCID: PMC6018551 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingerprint biometrics is a valuable and convenient security tool; every fingerprint is highly detailed and unique, we always have them on “hand”. Herein we describe a novel bench-top method of making 3D fingerprint replicas (namely, fingerprint phantoms) by exploring a unique microfabrication approach using conventional polymeric materials, to aid the development of reliable and accurate fingerprint biometrics. By pressing an impression of human fingerprints onto solvent-softened plastic plates (e.g., polycarbonate chips), followed by casting with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS, a popular elastomer), we can produce a flexible, nanoscale detailed, 3D reproduction of the fingerprint (“phantom”). By testing with standard optical fingerprint scanners, we have shown that all three levels of fingerprint details can be precisely recorded and match well with the original fingerprint. Superior to artificial fingerprint patterns, these phantoms have the exact 3D features of fingerprints and introduce no variability compared to human sampling, which make them perfect targets for standardizing fingerprint scanners and for biometric applications. We envision that the microcontact replication protocol via unconventional PC molding promises a practical, bench-top, instrumentation-free method to mass reproduce many other micro/nanostructures with high fidelity.
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20
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Durkee MS, Nash LD, Nooshabadi F, Cirillo JD, Maitland DJ, Maitland KC. Fabrication and Characterization of Optical Tissue Phantoms Containing Macrostructure. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29553502 DOI: 10.3791/57031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of new optical imaging techniques is dependent on the availability of low-cost, customizable, and easily reproducible standards. By replicating the imaging environment, costly animal experiments to validate a technique may be circumvented. Predicting and optimizing the performance of in vivo and ex vivo imaging techniques requires testing on samples that are optically similar to tissues of interest. Tissue-mimicking optical phantoms provide a standard for evaluation, characterization, or calibration of an optical system. Homogenous polymer optical tissue phantoms are widely used to mimic the optical properties of a specific tissue type within a narrow spectral range. Layered tissues, such as the epidermis and dermis, can be mimicked by simply stacking these homogenous slab phantoms. However, many in vivo imaging techniques are applied to more spatially complex tissue where three dimensional structures, such as blood vessels, airways, or tissue defects, can affect the performance of the imaging system. This protocol describes the fabrication of a tissue-mimicking phantom that incorporates three-dimensional structural complexity using material with optical properties of tissue. Look-up tables provide India ink and titanium dioxide recipes for optical absorption and scattering targets. Methods to characterize and tune the material optical properties are described. The phantom fabrication detailed in this article has an internal branching mock airway void; however, the technique can be broadly applied to other tissue or organ structures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Landon D Nash
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University
| | | | - Jeffrey D Cirillo
- Deparment of Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunology, Texas A&M College of Medicine
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21
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Zouaoui J, Di Sieno L, Hervé L, Pifferi A, Farina A, Mora AD, Derouard J, Dinten JM. Chromophore decomposition in multispectral time-resolved diffuse optical tomography. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 8:4772-4787. [PMID: 29082101 PMCID: PMC5654816 DOI: 10.1364/boe.8.004772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent phantom measurements are carried out to evaluate the ability of multispectral time domain diffuse optical tomography in reflectance geometry to quantify the position and the composition of small heterogeneities at depths of 1-1.5 cm in turbid media. Time-resolved data were analyzed with the Mellin-Laplace transform. Results show good localization and correct composition gradation of objects but still a lack of absolute material composition accuracy when no a priori geometry information is known.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Zouaoui
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Laura Di Sieno
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Lionel Hervé
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Antonio Pifferi
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Andrea Farina
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | - Alberto Dalla Mora
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano I-20133, Italy
| | | | - Jean-Marc Dinten
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France, CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
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22
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Towards monitoring dysplastic progression in the oral cavity using a hybrid fiber-bundle imaging and spectroscopy probe. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26734. [PMID: 27220821 PMCID: PMC4879668 DOI: 10.1038/srep26734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraepithelial dysplasia of the oral mucosa typically originates in the proliferative cell layer at the basement membrane and extends to the upper epithelial layers as the disease progresses. Detection of malignancies typically occurs upon visual inspection by non-specialists at a late-stage. In this manuscript, we validate a quantitative hybrid imaging and spectroscopy microendoscope to monitor dysplastic progression within the oral cavity microenvironment in a phantom and pre-clinical study. We use an empirical model to quantify optical properties and sampling depth from sub-diffuse reflectance spectra (450–750 nm) at two source-detector separations (374 and 730 μm). Average errors in recovering reduced scattering (5–26 cm−1) and absorption coefficients (0–10 cm−1) in hemoglobin-based phantoms were approximately 2% and 6%, respectively. Next, a 300 μm-thick phantom tumor model was used to validate the probe’s ability to monitor progression of a proliferating optical heterogeneity. Finally, the technique was demonstrated on 13 healthy volunteers and volume-averaged optical coefficients, scattering exponent, hemoglobin concentration, oxygen saturation, and sampling depth are presented alongside a high-resolution microendoscopy image of oral mucosa from one volunteer. This multimodal microendoscopy approach encompasses both structural and spectroscopic reporters of perfusion within the tissue microenvironment and can potentially be used to monitor tumor response to therapy.
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23
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Greening GJ, James HM, Powless AJ, Hutcheson JA, Dierks MK, Rajaram N, Muldoon TJ. Fiber-bundle microendoscopy with sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and intensity mapping for multimodal optical biopsy of stratified epithelium. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4934-50. [PMID: 26713207 PMCID: PMC4679267 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of structural or functional changes in dysplastic epithelia may be crucial for improving long-term patient care. Recent work has explored myriad non-invasive or minimally invasive "optical biopsy" techniques for diagnosing early dysplasia, such as high-resolution microendoscopy, a method to resolve sub-cellular features of apical epithelia, as well as broadband sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, a method that evaluates bulk health of a small volume of tissue. We present a multimodal fiber-based microendoscopy technique that combines high-resolution microendoscopy, broadband (450-750 nm) sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (sDRS) at two discrete source-detector separations (374 and 730 μm), and sub-diffuse reflectance intensity mapping (sDRIM) using a 635 nm laser. Spatial resolution, magnification, field-of-view, and sampling frequency were determined. Additionally, the ability of the sDRS modality to extract optical properties over a range of depths is reported. Following this, proof-of-concept experiments were performed on tissue-simulating phantoms made with poly(dimethysiloxane) as a substrate material with cultured MDA-MB-468 cells. Then, all modalities were demonstrated on a human melanocytic nevus from a healthy volunteer and on resected colonic tissue from a murine model. Qualitative in vivo image data is correlated with reduced scattering and absorption coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J. Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Haley M. James
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Amy J. Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Joshua A. Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Mary K. Dierks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Narasimhan Rajaram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
| | - Timothy J. Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, 1 University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
USA
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24
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Diep P, Pannem S, Sweer J, Lo J, Snyder M, Stueber G, Zhao Y, Tabassum S, Istfan R, Wu J, Erramilli S, Roblyer D. Three-dimensional printed optical phantoms with customized absorption and scattering properties. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4212-20. [PMID: 26600987 PMCID: PMC4646531 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing offers the promise of fabricating optical phantoms with arbitrary geometry, but commercially available thermoplastics provide only a small range of physiologically relevant absorption (µa) and reduced scattering (µs`) values. Here we demonstrate customizable acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) filaments for dual extrusion 3D printing of tissue mimicking optical phantoms. µa and µs` values were adjusted by incorporating nigrosin and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in the filament extrusion process. A wide range of physiologically relevant optical properties was demonstrated with an average repeatability within 11.5% for µa and 7.71% for µs`. Additionally, a mouse-simulating phantom, which mimicked both the geometry and optical properties of a hairless mouse with an implanted xenograft tumor, was printed using dual extrusion methods. 3D printed tumor optical properties matched the live tumor with less than 3% error at a wavelength of 659 nm. 3D printing with user defined optical properties may provide a viable method for durable optically diffusive phantoms for instrument characterization and calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Diep
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Sanjana Pannem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jordan Sweer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Justine Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gabriella Stueber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yanyu Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Syeda Tabassum
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Raeef Istfan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Junjie Wu
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shyamsunder Erramilli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darren Roblyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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25
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Greening GJ, Powless AJ, Hutcheson JA, Prieto SP, Majid AA, Muldoon TJ. Design and validation of a diffuse reflectance and spectroscopic microendoscope with poly(dimethylsioxane)-based phantoms. PROCEEDINGS OF SPIE--THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING 2015; 9332:93320R. [PMID: 25983372 DOI: 10.1117/12.2076300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Many cases of epithelial cancer originate in basal layers of tissue and are initially undetected by conventional microendoscopy techniques. We present a bench-top, fiber-bundle microendoscope capable of providing high resolution images of surface cell morphology. Additionally, the microendoscope has the capability to interrogate deeper into material by using diffuse reflectance and broadband diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The purpose of this multimodal technique was to overcome the limitation of microendoscopy techniques that are limited to only visualizing morphology at the tissue or cellular level. Using a custom fiber optic probe, high resolution surface images were acquired using topical proflavine to fluorescently stain non-keratinized epithelia. A 635 nm laser coupled to a 200 μm multimode fiber delivers light to the sample and the diffuse reflectance signal was captured by a 1 mm image guide fiber. Finally, a tungsten-halogen lamp coupled to a 200 μm multimode fiber delivers broadband light to the sample to acquire spectra at source-detector separations of 374, 729, and 1051 μm. To test the instrumentation, a high resolution proflavine-induced fluorescent image of resected healthy mouse colon was acquired. Additionally, five monolayer poly(dimethylsiloxane)-based optical phantoms with varying absorption and scattering properties were created to acquire diffuse reflectance profiles and broadband spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gage J Greening
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Amy J Powless
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Joshua A Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Sandra P Prieto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Aneeka A Majid
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
| | - Timothy J Muldoon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA 72701
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Lemaillet P, Bouchard JP, Hwang J, Allen DW. Double-integrating-sphere system at the National Institute of Standards and Technology in support of measurement standards for the determination of optical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:121310. [PMID: 26505172 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.12.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
There is a need for a common reference point that will allow for the comparison of the optical properties of tissue-mimicking phantoms. After a brief review of the methods that have been used to measure the phantoms for a contextual backdrop to our approach, this paper reports on the establishment of a standardized double-integrating-sphere platform to measure absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of tissue-mimicking biomedical phantoms. The platform implements a user-friendly graphical user interface in which variations of experimental configurations and model-based analysis are implemented to compute the coefficients based on a modified inverse adding-doubling algorithm allowing a complete uncertainty evaluation. Repeatability and validation of the measurement results of solid phantoms are demonstrated for three samples of different thicknesses, d = 5.08 mm, 7.09 mm, and 9.92 mm, with an absolute error estimate of 4.0% to 5.0% for the absorption coefficient and 11% to 12% for the reduced scattering coefficient (k = 2). The results are in accordance with those provided by the manufacturer. Measurements with different polarization angles of the incident light are also presented, and the resulting optical properties were determined to be equivalent within the estimated uncertainties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lemaillet
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | | | - Jeeseong Hwang
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 325 Broadway Street, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - David W Allen
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Physical Measurement Laboratory, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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