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Veverka M, Menozzi L, Yao J. The sound of blood: photoacoustic imaging in blood analysis. MEDICINE IN NOVEL TECHNOLOGY AND DEVICES 2023; 18:100219. [PMID: 37538444 PMCID: PMC10399298 DOI: 10.1016/j.medntd.2023.100219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood analysis is a ubiquitous and critical aspect of modern medicine. Analyzing blood samples requires invasive techniques, various testing systems, and samples are limited to relatively small volumes. Photoacoustic imaging (PAI) is a novel imaging modality that utilizes non-ionizing energy that shows promise as an alternative to current methods. This paper seeks to review current applications of PAI in blood analysis for clinical use. Furthermore, we discuss obstacles to implementation and future directions to overcome these challenges. Firstly, we discuss three applications to cellular analysis of blood: sickle cell, bacteria, and circulating tumor cell detection. We then discuss applications to the analysis of blood plasma, including glucose detection and anticoagulation quantification. As such, we hope this article will serve as inspiration for PAI's potential application in blood analysis and prompt further studies to ultimately implement PAI into clinical practice.
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Zare A, Shamshiripour P, Lotfi S, Shahin M, Rad VF, Moradi AR, Hajiahmadi F, Ahmadvand D. Clinical theranostics applications of photo-acoustic imaging as a future prospect for cancer. J Control Release 2022; 351:805-833. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Jin Y, Yin Y, Li C, Liu H, Shi J. Non-Invasive Monitoring of Human Health by Photoacoustic Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22031155. [PMID: 35161900 PMCID: PMC8839463 DOI: 10.3390/s22031155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
For certain diseases, the continuous long-term monitoring of the physiological condition is crucial. Therefore, non-invasive monitoring methods have attracted widespread attention in health care. This review aims to discuss the non-invasive monitoring technologies for human health based on photoacoustic spectroscopy. First, the theoretical basis of photoacoustic spectroscopy and related devices are reported. Furthermore, this article introduces the monitoring methods for blood glucose, blood oxygen, lipid, and tumors, including differential continuous-wave photoacoustic spectroscopy, microscopic photoacoustic spectroscopy, mid-infrared photoacoustic detection, wavelength-modulated differential photoacoustic spectroscopy, and others. Finally, we present the limitations and prospects of photoacoustic spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyong Jin
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China;
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Yonggang Yin
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Chiye Li
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Hongying Liu
- College of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China;
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Junhui Shi
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
- Correspondence: (H.L.); (J.S.)
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In Vivo Transcutaneous Monitoring of Hemoglobin Derivatives Using a Red-Green-Blue Camera-Based Spectral Imaging Technique. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041528. [PMID: 33546389 PMCID: PMC7913506 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanosis is a pathological condition that is characterized by a bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes. It may result from a number of medical conditions, including disorders of the respiratory system and central nervous system, cardiovascular diseases, peripheral vascular diseases, deep vein thrombosis, and regional ischemia. Cyanosis can also be elicited from methemoglobin. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and simultaneous monitoring of changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin is useful for protective strategies against organ ischemic injury. We previously developed a red-green-blue camera-based spectral imaging method for the measurements of melanin concentration, oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (CHbO), deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (CHbR), total hemoglobin concentration (CHbT) and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) in skin tissues. We leveraged this approach in this study and extended it to the simultaneous quantifications of methemoglobin concentration (CmetHb), CHbO, CHbR, and StO2. The aim of the study was to confirm the feasibility of the method to monitor CmetHb, CHbO, CHbR, CHbT, and StO2. We performed in vivo experiments using rat dorsal skin during methemoglobinemia induced by the administration of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and changing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2), including normoxia, hypoxia, and anoxia. Spectral diffuse reflectance images were estimated from an RGB image by the Wiener estimation method. Multiple regression analysis based on Monte Carlo simulations of light transport was used to estimate CHbO, CHbR, CmetHb, CHbT, and StO2. CmetHb rapidly increased with a half-maximum time of less than 30 min and reached maximal values nearly 60 min after the administration of NaNO2, whereas StO2 dramatically dropped after the administration of NaNO2, indicating the temporary production of methemoglobin and severe hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. Time courses of CHbT and StO2, while changing the FiO2, coincided with well-known physiological responses to hyperoxia, normoxia, and hypoxia. The results indicated the potential of this method to evaluate changes in skin hemodynamics due to loss of tissue viability and vitality.
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Khatun F, Aizu Y, Nishidate I. Transcutaneous monitoring of hemoglobin derivatives during methemoglobinemia in rats using spectral diffuse reflectance. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-200279SSRR. [PMID: 33583153 PMCID: PMC7881097 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.3.033708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Untreated methemoglobinemia may cause severe hypoxemia and even death when methemoglobin levels in the blood stream exceed 70%. Although CO-oximetry can be used to monitor the response to treatment for methemoglobinemia, it is costly and requires an invasive procedure for collecting blood samples from patients. A pulse CO-oximeter with a contact probe can be used to continuously and non-invasively measure the percentage of methemoglobin, as well as the percutaneous oxygen saturation. In terms of the prevention of infectious diseases, however, it is desirable to monitor methemoglobin and oxygen saturation levels in a non-contact manner. Diffuse reflectance spectral imaging is promising as a non-contact, non-invasive, and cost-effective clinical diagnostic tool for methemoglobinemia. AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of visible spectral diffuse reflectance for in vivo monitoring of hemoglobin derivatives and evaluating methemoglobin production and reduction as well as hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia in rats. APPROACH A new imaging approach based on the multiple regression analysis aided by Monte Carlo simulations for light transport was developed to quantify methemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin using a hyperspectral imaging system. An in vivo experiment with rats exposed to sodium nitrite (NaNO2) at different doses was performed to confirm the feasibility of the method for evaluating the dynamics of methemoglobin, oxygenated hemoglobin, and deoxygenated hemoglobin during methemoglobinemia. Systemic physiological parameters, including the percutaneous arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate (HR), and pulse distention, were measured by a commercially available pulse oximeter, and the results were compared to those obtained by the proposed method. RESULTS Both the methemoglobin concentration and methemoglobin saturation rapidly increased with a half-maximum time of <20 min. They reached their maximal values nearly 60 min after the administration of NaNO2. Tissue oxygen saturation dramatically dropped to a minimum of 33.7 % ± 0.4 % , 23.1 % ± 5.6 % , 8.8 % ± 1.7 % , and 9.7 % ± 5.1 % on average for NaNO2 doses of 25, 37.5, 50, and 75 mg/kg, respectively. Changes in methemoglobin concentration and tissue oxygen saturation are indicative of the temporary production of methemoglobin and severe hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. Profound increases in the HR and pulse distention implied an elevated cardiac output caused by tachycardia and the resultant increase in peripheral blood volume to compensate for the hypoxia and hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia. This was in agreement with the time course of the peripheral hemoglobin volume concentration obtained by the proposed method. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is capable of the in vivo non-contact simultaneous evaluation of methemoglobin levels and hypoxemia during methemoglobinemia, and that it has potential as a tool for the diagnosis and management of methemoglobinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahima Khatun
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Department of Pathobiology, Gazipur, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Yoshihisa Aizu
- Muroran Institute of Technology, College of Design and Manufacturing Technology, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Izumi Nishidate
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Graduate School of Bio-Applications and Systems Engineering, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang JM, Ghim CM. Photoacoustic Tomography Opening New Paradigms in Biomedical Imaging. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1310:239-341. [PMID: 33834440 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-33-6064-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
After the emergence of the ultrasound, X-ray CT, PET, and MRI, photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is now in the phase of its exponential growth, with its expected full maturation being another form of mainstream clinical imaging modality. By combining the high contrast benefit of optical imaging and the high-resolution deep imaging capability of ultrasound, PAT can provide unprecedented anatomical image contrasts at clinically relevant depths as well as enable the use of a variety of functional and molecular imaging information, which is not possible with conventional imaging modalities. With these strengths, PAT has achieved numerous breakthroughs in various biomedical applications and also provided new technical platforms that may be able to resolve unmet issues in clinics. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the development of PAT technology for several major biomedical applications and provide an approximate projection of the future of PAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon-Mo Yang
- Center for Photoacoustic Medical Instruments, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Cheol-Min Ghim
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Science, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
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Zhou J, Gao ZJ, Cai JQ, Li LL, Wang H. Synthesis and Self-Assembly Behavior of Chlorophyll Derivatives for Ratiometric Photoacoustic Signal Optimization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:1559-1568. [PMID: 32030985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b03652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides researchers powerful tools for creating ordered functional structures and complex architectures. Investigation of in vivo self-assembly reveals the assembly/aggregation-induced retention (AIR) effect and enhanced targeting effect, which can be applied to promising biomedical applications by enhancing molecular accumulation in the target region. These unique bioeffects inspire the interest of researchers in construction of self-assembled nanomaterials in biological systems. Although many efforts have been achieved, the in-depth analysis of the relationship between assemblies and functions is rarely reported. Here, we focus on the relationship of chlorophyll-derivative assemblies and their photoacoustic signals and attempt to establish a method for monitoring the aggregation efficiency in vivo based on photoacoustic signals. Three arginine-rich peptide-purpurin molecules were designed and synthesized. The assembled capabilities and assembly processes of these molecules were characterized and monitored by UV, fluorescence, and CD spectra images of gradually changing polarities in mixed solvents, and the morphologies of the assemblies were observed by TEM. Furthermore, the relationship between the aggregation ratios of the molecules and the ratiometric photoacoustic signals was systemically studied. We prospect that the fundamental research in revealing objective laws will be useful for future guidance in optimizing photoacoustic detection windows and assembled molecule design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Zi-Jun Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Jun-Quan Cai
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety , National Center for Nanoscience and Technology , Beijing 100190 , P. R. China
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Zhou Y, Yao J, Wang LV. Tutorial on photoacoustic tomography. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2016; 21:61007. [PMID: 27086868 PMCID: PMC4834026 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.21.6.061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) has become one of the fastest growing fields in biomedical optics. Unlike pure optical imaging, such as confocal microscopy and two-photon microscopy, PAT employs acoustic detection to image optical absorption contrast with high-resolution deep into scattering tissue. So far, PAT has been widely used for multiscale anatomical, functional, and molecular imaging of biological tissues. We focus on PAT’s basic principles, major implementations, imaging contrasts, and recent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Junjie Yao
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, One Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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Zhou J, Qi GB, Wang H. A purpurin-peptide derivative for selective killing of Gram-positive bacteria via insertion into cell membrane. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4855-4861. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00406g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A purpurin-peptide derivative was used for discriminating and killing bacteria based on the different surface components of bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhou
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
| | - Guo-Bin Qi
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
| | - Hao Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- Laboratory for Biological Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology (NCNST)
- Zhongguancun
- China
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Zhou Y, Poudel J, Li G, Wang LV. In vivo photoacoustic flowmetry at depths of the diffusive regime based on saline injection. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2015; 20:87001. [PMID: 26267364 PMCID: PMC4681378 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.20.8.087001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose a saline injection-based method to quantify blood flow velocity in vivo with acoustic-resolution photoacoustic tomography. By monitoring the saline–blood interface propagating in the blood vessel, the flow velocity can be resolved. We first demonstrated our method in phantom experiments, where a root mean square error of prediction of 0.29 mm/s was achieved. By injecting saline into a mouse tail vein covered with 1 mm chicken tissue, we showed that the flow velocity in the tail vein could be measured at depths, which is especially pertinent to monitoring blood flow velocity in patients undergoing intravenous infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Joemini Poudel
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Guo Li
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Lihong V. Wang
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Optical Imaging Laboratory, 1 Brookings Drive, Campus Box 1097, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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