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Nairuz T, Sangwoo-Cho, Lee JH. Photobiomodulation Therapy on Brain: Pioneering an Innovative Approach to Revolutionize Cognitive Dynamics. Cells 2024; 13:966. [PMID: 38891098 PMCID: PMC11171912 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy on the brain employs red to near-infrared (NIR) light to treat various neurological and psychological disorders. The mechanism involves the activation of cytochrome c oxidase in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, thereby enhancing ATP synthesis. Additionally, light absorption by ion channels triggers the release of calcium ions, instigating the activation of transcription factors and subsequent gene expression. This cascade of events not only augments neuronal metabolic capacity but also orchestrates anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic responses, fostering neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. It shows promise for treating conditions like dementia, stroke, brain trauma, Parkinson's disease, and depression, even enhancing cognitive functions in healthy individuals and eliciting growing interest within the medical community. However, delivering sufficient light to the brain through transcranial approaches poses a significant challenge due to its limited penetration into tissue, prompting an exploration of alternative delivery methods such as intracranial and intranasal approaches. This comprehensive review aims to explore the mechanisms through which PBM exerts its effects on the brain and provide a summary of notable preclinical investigations and clinical trials conducted on various brain disorders, highlighting PBM's potential as a therapeutic modality capable of effectively impeding disease progression within the organism-a task often elusive with conventional pharmacological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jong-Ha Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.N.); (S.-C.)
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Fernandes F, Oliveira S, Monteiro F, Gasik M, Silva FS, Sousa N, Carvalho Ó, Catarino SO. Devices used for photobiomodulation of the brain-a comprehensive and systematic review. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2024; 21:53. [PMID: 38600582 PMCID: PMC11007916 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-024-01351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
A systematic review was conducted to determine the trends in devices and parameters used for brain photobiomodulation (PBM). The revised studies included clinical and cadaveric approaches, in which light stimuli were applied to the head and/or neck. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases were used for the systematic search. A total of 2133 records were screened, from which 97 were included in this review. The parameters that were extracted and analysed in each article were the device design, actuation area, actuation site, wavelength, mode of operation, power density, energy density, power output, energy per session and treatment time. To organize device information, 11 categories of devices were defined, according to their characteristics. The most used category of devices was laser handpieces, which relate to 21% of all devices, while 28% of the devices were not described. Studies for cognitive function and physiological characterisation are the most well defined ones and with more tangible results. There is a lack of consistency when reporting PBM studies, with several articles under defining the stimulation protocol, and a wide variety of parameters used for the same health conditions (e.g., Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease) resulting in positive outcomes. Standardization for the report of these studies is warranted, as well as sham-controlled comparative studies to determine which parameters have the greatest effect on PBM treatments for different neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipa Fernandes
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Michael Gasik
- Department of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University Foundation, Espoo, Finland
| | - Filipe S Silva
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3BS, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- 2CA-Braga, CVS/3BS, PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Susana O Catarino
- Center for Micro-ElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMINHO), University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
- LABBELS-Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Coelho DRA, Salvi JD, Vieira WF, Cassano P. Inflammation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A literature review and hypothesis-based potential of transcranial photobiomodulation. J Neurosci Res 2024; 102:e25317. [PMID: 38459770 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.25317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disabling neuropsychiatric disorder that affects about 2%-3% of the global population. Despite the availability of several treatments, many patients with OCD do not respond adequately, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. Recent studies have associated various inflammatory processes with the pathogenesis of OCD, including alterations in peripheral immune cells, alterations in cytokine levels, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that inflammation could be a promising target for intervention. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that has shown potential for several neuropsychiatric disorders. However, its efficacy in OCD remains to be fully explored. This study aimed to review the literature on inflammation in OCD, detailing associations with T-cell populations, monocytes, NLRP3 inflammasome components, microglial activation, and elevated proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6. We also examined the hypothesis-based potential of t-PBM in targeting these inflammatory pathways of OCD, focusing on mechanisms such as modulation of oxidative stress, regulation of immune cell function, reduction of proinflammatory cytokine levels, deactivation of neurotoxic microglia, and upregulation of BDNF gene expression. Our review suggests that t-PBM could be a promising, noninvasive intervention for OCD, with the potential to modulate underlying inflammatory processes. Future research should focus on randomized clinical trials to assess t-PBM's efficacy and optimal treatment parameters in OCD. Biomarker analyses and neuroimaging studies will be important in understanding the relationship between inflammatory modulation and OCD symptom improvement following t-PBM sessions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Richer Araujo Coelho
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joshua D Salvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for OCD and Related Disorders, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Willians Fernando Vieira
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Division of Neuropsychiatry and Neuromodulation, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Chamkouri H, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Chen C, Chen L. Brain photobiomodulation therapy on neurological and psychological diseases. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2024; 17:e202300145. [PMID: 37403428 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202300145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is an innovative treatment for neurological and psychological conditions. Complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain can be stimulated by red light, which increases ATP synthesis. In addition, the ion channels' light absorption causes the release of Ca2+, which activates transcription factors and changes gene expression. Neuronal metabolism is improved by brain PBM therapy, which also promotes synaptogenesis and neurogenesis as well as anti-inflammatory. Its depression-treating potential is attracting attention for other conditions, including Parkinson's disease and dementia. Giving enough dosage for optimum stimulation using the transcranial PBM technique is challenging because of the rapidly increasing attenuation of light transmission in tissue. Different strategies like intranasal and intracranial light delivery systems have been proposed to overcome this restriction. The most recent preclinical and clinical data on the effectiveness of brain PBM therapy are studied in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Chamkouri
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Yuqin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Changchun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Anhui No. 2 Provincial People's Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
- Intelligent manufacturing institute of HFUT, Hefei, China
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Bowen R, Arany PR. Use of either transcranial or whole-body photobiomodulation treatments improves COVID-19 brain fog. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200391. [PMID: 37018063 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition of post-COVID-19 sequelae involving chronic fatigue and brain fog, for which photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy has been utilized. This open-label, pilot, human clinical study examined the efficacy of two PBM devices, for example, a helmet (1070 nm) for transcranial (tPBM) and a light bed (660 and 850 nm) for whole body (wbPBM), over a 4-week period, with 12 treatments for two separate groups (n = 7 per group). Subjects were evaluated with a neuropsychological test battery, including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), the digit symbol substitution test (DSST), the trail-making tests A and B, the physical reaction time (PRT), and a quantitative electroencephalography system (WAVi), both pre- and post- the treatment series. Each device for PBM delivery was associated with significant improvements in cognitive tests (p < 0.05 and beyond). Changes in WAVi supported the findings. This study outlines the benefits of utilizing PBM therapy (transcranial or whole-body) to help treat long-COVID brain fog.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bowen
- Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
- West Virginia University, Martinsburg, West Virginia, USA
| | - Praveen R Arany
- Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, West Virginia, USA
- University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Bikmulina P, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Yusupov V, Gogvadze V, Rochev Y, Timashev P. Photobiomodulation in 3D tissue engineering. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220027VRR. [PMID: 36104833 PMCID: PMC9473299 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.090901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The method of photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used in medicine for a long time to promote anti-inflammation and pain-resolving processes in different organs and tissues. PBM triggers numerous cellular pathways including stimulation of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, alteration of the cytoskeleton, cell death prevention, increasing proliferative activity, and directing cell differentiation. The most effective wavelengths for PBM are found within the optical window (750 to 1100 nm), in which light can permeate tissues and other water-containing structures to depths of up to a few cm. PBM already finds its applications in the developing fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, the diversity of three-dimensional (3D) systems, irradiation sources, and protocols intricate the PBM applications. AIM We aim to discuss the PBM and 3D tissue engineered constructs to define the fields of interest for PBM applications in tissue engineering. APPROACH First, we provide a brief overview of PBM and the timeline of its development. Then, we discuss the optical properties of 3D cultivation systems and important points of light dosimetry. Finally, we analyze the cellular pathways induced by PBM and outcomes observed in various 3D tissue-engineered constructs: hydrogels, scaffolds, spheroids, cell sheets, bioprinted structures, and organoids. RESULTS Our summarized results demonstrate the great potential of PBM in the stimulation of the cell survival and viability in 3D conditions. The strategies to achieve different cell physiology states with particular PBM parameters are outlined. CONCLUSIONS PBM has already proved itself as a convenient and effective tool to prevent drastic cellular events in the stress conditions. Because of the poor viability of cells in scaffolds and the convenience of PBM devices, 3D tissue engineering is a perspective field for PBM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Bikmulina
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yusupov
- Institute of Photon Technologies of FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Troitsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Gogvadze
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Division of Toxicology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yury Rochev
- National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Peter Timashev
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Moscow, Russia
- Sechenov University, Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
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Blair S, Garcia M, Zhu Z, Liang Z, Lew B, George M, Kondov B, Stojanoski S, Todorovska MB, Miladinova D, Kondov G, Gruev V. Decoupling channel count from field of view and spatial resolution in single-sensor imaging systems for fluorescence image-guided surgery. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2022; 27:JBO-220139GR. [PMID: 36163641 PMCID: PMC9511017 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.27.9.096006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Significance Near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery is often thought of as a spectral imaging problem where the channel count is the critical parameter, but it should also be thought of as a multiscale imaging problem where the field of view and spatial resolution are similarly important. Aim Conventional imaging systems based on division-of-focal-plane architectures suffer from a strict relationship between the channel count on one hand and the field of view and spatial resolution on the other, but bioinspired imaging systems that combine stacked photodiode image sensors and long-pass/short-pass filter arrays offer a weaker tradeoff. Approach In this paper, we explore how the relevant changes to the image sensor and associated image processing routines affect image fidelity during image-guided surgeries for tumor removal in an animal model of breast cancer and nodal mapping in women with breast cancer. Results We demonstrate that a transition from a conventional imaging system to a bioinspired one, along with optimization of the image processing routines, yields improvements in multiple measures of spectral and textural rendition relevant to surgical decision-making. Conclusions These results call for a critical examination of the devices and algorithms that underpin image-guided surgery to ensure that surgeons receive high-quality guidance and patients receive high-quality outcomes as these technologies enter clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Blair
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Missael Garcia
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Zhongmin Zhu
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Zuodong Liang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Benjamin Lew
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mebin George
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Borislav Kondov
- University Clinic Hospital, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Sinisa Stojanoski
- University Clinic Hospital, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Magdalena Bogdanovska Todorovska
- University Clinic Hospital, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Department of Pathology, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Daniela Miladinova
- University Clinic Hospital, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Goran Kondov
- University Clinic Hospital, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Department of Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Viktor Gruev
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Staelens M, Di Gregorio E, Kalra AP, Le HT, Hosseinkhah N, Karimpoor M, Lim L, Tuszyński JA. Near-Infrared Photobiomodulation of Living Cells, Tubulin, and Microtubules In Vitro. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:871196. [PMID: 35600165 PMCID: PMC9115106 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.871196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the results of experimental investigations involving photobiomodulation (PBM) of living cells, tubulin, and microtubules in buffer solutions exposed to near-infrared (NIR) light emitted from an 810 nm LED with a power density of 25 mW/cm2 pulsed at a frequency of 10 Hz. In the first group of experiments, we measured changes in the alternating current (AC) ionic conductivity in the 50–100 kHz range of HeLa and U251 cancer cell lines as living cells exposed to PBM for 60 min, and an increased resistance compared to the control cells was observed. In the second group of experiments, we investigated the stability and polymerization of microtubules under exposure to PBM. The protein buffer solution used was a mixture of Britton-Robinson buffer (BRB aka PEM) and microtubule cushion buffer. Exposure of Taxol-stabilized microtubules (~2 μM tubulin) to the LED for 120 min resulted in gradual disassembly of microtubules observed in fluorescence microscopy images. These results were compared to controls where microtubules remained stable. In the third group of experiments, we performed turbidity measurements throughout the tubulin polymerization process to quantify the rate and amount of polymerization for PBM-exposed tubulin vs. unexposed tubulin samples, using tubulin resuspended to final concentrations of ~ 22.7 μM and ~ 45.5 μM in the same buffer solution as before. Compared to the unexposed control samples, absorbance measurement results demonstrated a slower rate and reduced overall amount of polymerization in the less concentrated tubulin samples exposed to PBM for 30 min with the parameters mentioned above. Paradoxically, the opposite effect was observed in the 45.5 μM tubulin samples, demonstrating a remarkable increase in the polymerization rates and total polymer mass achieved after exposure to PBM. These results on the effects of PBM on living cells, tubulin, and microtubules are novel, further validating the modulating effects of PBM and contributing to designing more effective PBM parameters. Finally, potential consequences for the use of PBM in the context of neurodegenerative diseases are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Staelens
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Aarat P. Kalra
- Scholes Lab, Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Hoa T. Le
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | | | - Lew Lim
- Vielight Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jack A. Tuszyński
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Jack A. Tuszyński
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Belova AN, Israelyan YA, Sushin VO, Shabanova MA, Rezenova AM. [Transcranial photobiomodulation in therapy of neurodegenerative diseases of the brain: theoretical background and clinical effectiveness]. VOPROSY KURORTOLOGII, FIZIOTERAPII, I LECHEBNOI FIZICHESKOI KULTURY 2022; 98:61-67. [PMID: 34965698 DOI: 10.17116/kurort20219806161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a form of light therapy that uses monochromatic visible and infrared light from non-ionizing radiation sources (lasers, LEDs) placed on the scalp, forehead, or intranasally to project light directly to target areas of the brain. Accumulated experimental and clinical data indicate the safety and potential efficacy of tPBM in some central nervous system diseases.This article briefly reviews the general concepts of tPBM, the results of experimental and clinical studies on the efficacy of tPBM in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and brain stroke. The possible mechanisms of the tPBM therapeutic effect and the need to choose optimal exposure parameters are discussed. Although the evidence base regarding the efficacy of tPBM in neurodegenerative and vascular brain diseases is still insufficient, analysis of the published data justifies considering tPBM as a promising method of adjuvant therapy for some central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Belova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Yu A Israelyan
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - V O Sushin
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - M A Shabanova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - A M Rezenova
- Privolzhsky Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
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10
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Caldieraro MA, Laufer-Silva T, Cassano P. Dosimetry and Clinical Efficacy of Transcranial Photobiomodulation for Major Depression Disorder: Could they Guide Dosimetry for Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 83:1453-1469. [PMID: 34487045 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is prevalent and has significant impact on individuals and society. Cognitive symptoms are frequent in MDD and insufficiently treated by antidepressant medications. Transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) is a novel device therapy which shows promise as an antidepressant and pro-cognitive treatment. To date, despite the encouraging results, the optimal stimulation parameters of t-PBM to treat MDD are not established, and clinical studies are very heterogeneous in terms of these parameters. While the literature provides guidance on the appropriate fluence to achieve therapeutic results, little is known on the other parameters. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between different parameters and the antidepressant effect of t-PBM. METHODS We reviewed clinical studies on MDD and on depressive symptoms comorbid with other diseases. We calculated the standardized effect size of the change in symptoms severity before and after t-PBM and we performed a descriptive analysis of the reviewed papers. RESULTS The greatest effect sizes for the antidepressant effect were found in studies using pulse-wave t-PBM with high peak irradiance (but low average irradiance) over large skin surface. One well-designed and sufficiently powered, double-blind, sham-controlled trial indicated that t-PBM with low irradiance over a small skin surface is ineffective to treat depression. CONCLUSION The use of t-PBM for Alzheimer's disease and for dementia is still at its inception; these dosimetry lessons from the use of t-PBM for depression might serve as guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Antonio Caldieraro
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) e Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Laufer-Silva
- Centro de Pesquisa Experimental (CPE) e Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil.,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina, Departamento de Psiquiatria e Medicina Legal, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Porto Alegre -RS, Brasil
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,MGH Division of Neuropsychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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11
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Li X, Liu C, Wang R. Light Modulation of Brain and Development of Relevant Equipment. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:29-41. [PMID: 32039856 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Light modulation plays an important role in understanding the pathology of brain disorders and improving brain function. Optogenetic techniques can activate or silence targeted neurons with high temporal and spatial accuracy and provide precise control, and have recently become a method for quick manipulation of genetically identified types of neurons. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is light therapy that utilizes non-ionizing light sources, including lasers, light emitting diodes, or broadband light. It provides a safe means of modulating brain activity without any irreversible damage and has established optimal treatment parameters in clinical practice. This manuscript reviews 1) how optogenetic approaches have been used to dissect neural circuits in animal models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and depression, and 2) how low level transcranial lasers and LED stimulation in humans improves brain activity patterns in these diseases. State-of-the-art brain machine interfaces that can record neural activity and stimulate neurons with light have good prospects in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Li
- School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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Black CE, Zhou E, DeAngelo C, Asante I, Yang R, Petasis NA, Louie SG, Humayun M. Cyanine Nanocage Activated by Near-IR Light for the Targeted Delivery of Cyclosporine A to Traumatic Brain Injury Sites. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4499-4509. [PMID: 32813533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
More than 2.8 million annually in the United States are afflicted with some form of traumatic brain injury (TBI), where 75% of victims have a mild form of TBI (MTBI). TBI risk is higher for individuals engaging in physical activities or involved in accidents. Although MTBI may not be initially life-threatening, a large number of these victims can develop cognitive and physical dysfunctions. These late clinical sequelae have been attributed to the development of secondary injuries that can occur minutes to days after the initial impact. To minimize brain damage from TBI, it is critical to diagnose and treat patients within the first or "golden" hour after TBI. Although it would be very helpful to quickly determine the TBI locations in the brain and direct the treatment selectively to the affected sites, this remains a challenge. Herein, we disclose our novel strategy to target cyclosporine A (CsA) into TBI sites, without the need to locate the exact location of the TBI lesion. Our approach is based on TBI treatment with a cyanine dye nanocage attached to CsA, a known therapeutic agent for TBI that is associated with unacceptable toxicities. In its caged form, CsA remains inactive, while after near-IR light photoactivation, the resulting fragmentation of the cyanine nanocage leads to the selective release of CsA at the TBI sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Eugene Zhou
- USC School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Caitlin DeAngelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Isaac Asante
- USC School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Nicos A Petasis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,USC School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Stan G Louie
- USC School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mark Humayun
- Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, Viterbi School of Engineering, and Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90033, United States
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13
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Black CE, Zhou E, DeAngelo CM, Asante I, Louie SG, Petasis NA, Humayun MS. Cyanine Nanocages Activated by Near-Infrared Light for the Targeted Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Chem 2020; 8:769. [PMID: 33062635 PMCID: PMC7489144 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a common and prevalent condition that affects large numbers of people across a range of ages. Individuals engaging in physical activities and victims of accidents are at a higher risk for TBI. There is a lack of available treatment specifically for TBI. Given the difficulty to determine its precise location in the brain, TBI remains difficult to fully diagnose or treat. Herein, we disclose a novel strategy for directing therapeutic agents to TBI sites, without the need to determine the precise location of the TBI activity in the brain. This novel approach is based on the use of a cyanine dye nanocage carrying Gabapentin, a known TBI therapeutic agent. Upon exposure of the cyanine nanocage to near-infrared light, the local release of Gabapentin is triggered, selectively at the TBI-affected site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Black
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eugene Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Caitlin M DeAngelo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Isaac Asante
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stan G Louie
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nicos A Petasis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mark S Humayun
- Ginsburg Institute for Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Keck School of Medicine, Viterbi School of Engineering, and Roski Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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14
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Askalsky P, Iosifescu DV. Transcranial Photobiomodulation For The Management Of Depression: Current Perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:3255-3272. [PMID: 31819453 PMCID: PMC6878920 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s188906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent condition associated with high rates of disability, as well as suicidal ideation and behavior. Current treatments for MDD have significant limitations in efficacy and side effect burden. FDA-approved devices for MDD are burdensome (due to repeated in-office procedures) and are most suitable for severely ill subjects. There is a critical need for device-based treatments in MDD that are efficacious, well-tolerated, and easy to use. In this paper, we review a novel neuromodulation strategy, transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM) with near-infrared light (NIR). The scope of our review includes the known biological mechanisms of t-PBM, as well as its efficacy in animal models of depression and in patients with MDD. Theoretically, t-PBM penetrates into the cerebral cortex, stimulating the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and also significantly increases cerebral blood flow. Animal and human studies, using a variety of t-PBM settings and experimental models, suggest that t-PBM may have significant efficacy and good tolerability in MDD. In aggregate, these data support the need for large confirmatory studies for t-PBM as a novel, likely safe, and easy-to-administer antidepressant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Askalsky
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dan V Iosifescu
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Clinical Research Division, Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA
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15
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Salehpour F, Cassano P, Rouhi N, Hamblin MR, De Taboada L, Farajdokht F, Mahmoudi J. Penetration Profiles of Visible and Near-Infrared Lasers and Light-Emitting Diode Light Through the Head Tissues in Animal and Human Species: A Review of Literature. PHOTOBIOMODULATION PHOTOMEDICINE AND LASER SURGERY 2019; 37:581-595. [PMID: 31553265 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background and objective: Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy is a promising and noninvasive approach to stimulate neuronal function and improve brain repair. The optimization of PBM parameters is important to maximize effectiveness and tolerability. Several studies have reported on the penetration of visible-to-near-infrared (NIR) light through various animal and human tissues. Scientific findings on the penetration of PBM light vary, likely due to use of different irradiation parameters and to different characteristics of the subject such as species, age, and gender. Materials and methods: In this article, we review published data on PBM penetration through the tissues of the head in both animal and human species. The patterns of visible-to-NIR light penetration are summarized based on the following study specifications: wavelength, coherence, operation mode, beam type and size, irradiation site, species, age, and gender. Results: The average penetration of transcranial red/NIR (630-810 nm) light ranged 60-70% in C57BL/6 mouse (skull), 1-10% in BALB/c mouse (skull), 10-40% in Sprague-Dawley rats (scalp plus skull), 20% in Oryctolagus cuniculus rabbit (skull), 0.11% in pig (scalp plus skull), and 0.2-10% in humans (scalp plus skull). The observed variation in the reported values is due to the difference in factors (e.g., wavelengths, light coherence, tissue thickness, and anatomic irradiation site) used by researchers. It seems that these data challenge the applicability of the animal model data on transcranial PBM to humans. Nevertheless, two animal models seem particularly promising, as they approximate penetration in humans: (I) Penetration of 808 nm laser through the scalp plus skull was 0.11% in the pig head; (II) Penetration of 810 nm laser through intact skull was 1.75% in BALB/c mouse. Conclusions: In conclusion, it is worthwhile mentioning that since the effectiveness of brain PBM is closely dependent on the amount of light energy reaching the target neurons, further quantitative estimation of light penetration depth should be performed to validate the current findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Salehpour
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Niraxx Light Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, California
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Naser Rouhi
- Faculty of Physics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | | | - Fereshteh Farajdokht
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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16
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Wang P, Li T. Which wavelength is optimal for transcranial low-level laser stimulation? JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800173. [PMID: 30043500 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
One of the challenges in transcranial low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is to optimally choose illumination parameters, such as wavelength. However, there is sparse study on the wavelengths comparison especially on human transcranial LLLT. Here, we employed Monte Carlo modeling and visible human phantom to compute the penetrated photon fluence distribution within cerebral cortex. By comparing the fluence distribution, penetration depth and the intensity of laser-tissue-interaction within brain among all candidate wavelengths, we found that 660, 810 nm performed much better than 980, 1064 nm with much stronger, deeper and wider photon penetration into cerebral tissue; 660 nm was shown to be the best and slightly better than 810 nm. Our computational finding was in a surprising accordance with previous LLLT-neurobehavioral studies on mice. This study not only offered quantitative comparison among wavelengths in the effect of LLLT light penetration effectiveness but also anticipated a delightful possibility of online, precise and visible optimization of LLLT illumination parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Wang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Li
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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17
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Caldieraro MA, Cassano P. Transcranial and systemic photobiomodulation for major depressive disorder: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and biological mechanisms. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:262-273. [PMID: 30248638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photobiomodulation (PBM) with red and near-infrared light (NIR) -also known as Low-Level Light Therapy-is a low risk, inexpensive treatment-based on non-retinal exposure-under study for several neuropsychiatric conditions. The aim of this paper is to discuss the proposed mechanism of action and to perform a systematic review of pre-clinical and clinical studies on PBM for major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS A search on MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed in July 2017. No time or language restrictions were used. Studies with a primary focus on MDD and presenting original data were included (n = 17). References on the mechanisms of action of PBM also included review articles and studies not focused on MDD. RESULTS Red and NIR light penetrate the skull and modulate brain cortex; an indirect effect of red and NIR light, when delivered non-transcranially, is also postulated. The main proposed mechanism for PBM is the enhancement of mitochondrial metabolism after absorption of NIR energy by the cytochrome C oxidase; however, actions on other pathways relevant to MDD are also reported. Studies on animal models indicate a benefit from PBM that is comparable to antidepressant medications. Clinical studies also indicate a significant antidepressant effect and good tolerability. LIMITATIONS Clinical studies are heterogeneous for population and treatment parameters, and most lack an appropriate control. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary evidence supports the potential of non-retinal PBM as a novel treatment for MDD. Future studies should clarify the ideal stimulation parameters as well as the overall efficacy, effectiveness and safety profile of this treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Caldieraro
- Serviço de Psiquiatria, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. Rua Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Paolo Cassano
- Depression Clinical and Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital. 1 Bowdoin Square, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Center for Anxiety and Traumatic Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston. 1 Bowdoin Square, MA 02114, USA
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18
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Brain Photobiomodulation Therapy: a Narrative Review. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:6601-6636. [PMID: 29327206 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0852-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brain photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy using red to near-infrared (NIR) light is an innovative treatment for a wide range of neurological and psychological conditions. Red/NIR light is able to stimulate complex IV of the mitochondrial respiratory chain (cytochrome c oxidase) and increase ATP synthesis. Moreover, light absorption by ion channels results in release of Ca2+ and leads to activation of transcription factors and gene expression. Brain PBM therapy enhances the metabolic capacity of neurons and stimulates anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant responses, as well as neurogenesis and synaptogenesis. Its therapeutic role in disorders such as dementia and Parkinson's disease, as well as to treat stroke, brain trauma, and depression has gained increasing interest. In the transcranial PBM approach, delivering a sufficient dose to achieve optimal stimulation is challenging due to exponential attenuation of light penetration in tissue. Alternative approaches such as intracranial and intranasal light delivery methods have been suggested to overcome this limitation. This article reviews the state-of-the-art preclinical and clinical evidence regarding the efficacy of brain PBM therapy.
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19
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Periyasamy V, Pramanik M. Advances in Monte Carlo Simulation for Light Propagation in Tissue. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 10:122-135. [PMID: 28816674 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2017.2739801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation for light propagation in tissue is the gold standard for studying the light propagation in biological tissue and has been used for years. Interaction of photons with a medium is simulated based on its optical properties. New simulation geometries, tissue-light interaction methods, and recording techniques recently have been designed. Applications, such as whole mouse body simulations for fluorescence imaging, eye modeling for blood vessel imaging, skin modeling for terahertz imaging, and human head modeling for sinus imaging, have emerged. Here, we review the technical advances and recent applications of MC simulation.
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