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Pu Z, Wu Y, Zhu Z, Zhao H, Cui D. A new horizon for neuroscience: terahertz biotechnology in brain research. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:309-325. [PMID: 38819036 PMCID: PMC11317941 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-00872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain sciences. In this article, we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of neuropsychiatry. Available evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease, cerebrovascular disease, glioma, psychiatric disease, traumatic brain injury, and myelin deficit. In vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric diseases. Although the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood, the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic applications. However, the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical applications. This review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengping Pu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Kangci Hospital of Jiaxing, Tongxiang, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongjie Zhu
- National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Donghong Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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2
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Liu Y, Hu L. A Metamaterials-Based Absorber Used for Switch Applications with Dynamically Variable Bandwidth in Terahertz Regime. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3571. [PMID: 39063863 PMCID: PMC11278966 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
A broadband absorber based on metamaterials of graphene and vanadium dioxide (VO2) is proposed and investigated in the terahertz (THz) regime, which can be used for switch applications with a dynamically variable bandwidth by electrically and thermally controlling the Fermi energy level of graphene and the conductivity of VO2, respectively. The proposed absorber turns 'on' from 1.5 to 5.4 THz, with the modulation depth reaching 97.1% and the absorptance exceeding 90% when the Fermi energy levels of graphene are set as 0.7 eV, and VO2 is in the metallic phase. On the contrary, the absorptance is close to zero and the absorber turns 'off' with the Fermi energy level setting at 0 eV and VO2 in the insulating phase. Furthermore, other four broadband absorption modes can be achieved utilizing the active materials graphene and VO2. The proposed terahertz absorber may benefit the areas of broadband switch, cloaking objects, THz communications and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Microelectronics, Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology, Shenzhen 518172, China;
| | - Lingxi Hu
- Digital and Intelligent Agriculture Research Institute, School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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Schreiner OD, Socotar D, Ciobanu RC, Schreiner TG, Tamba BI. Statistical Analysis of Gastric Cancer Cells Response to Broadband Terahertz Radiation with and without Contrast Nanoparticles. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2454. [PMID: 39001516 PMCID: PMC11240478 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The paper describes the statistical analysis of the response of gastric cancer cells and normal cells to broadband terahertz radiation up to 4 THz, both with and without the use of nanostructured contrast agents. The THz spectroscopy analysis was comparatively performed under the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure. The statistical analysis was conducted towards multiple pairwise comparisons, including a support medium (without cells) versus a support medium with nanoparticles, normal cells versus normal cells with nanoparticles, and, respectively, tumor cells versus tumor cells with nanoparticles. When generally comparing the ATR procedure and transmission measurement procedure for a broader frequency domain, the differentiation between normal and tumor cells in the presence of contrast agents is superior when using the ATR procedure. THz contrast enhancement by using contrast agents derived from MRI-related contrast agents leads to only limited benefits and only for narrow THz frequency ranges, a disadvantage for THz medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Daniel Schreiner
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Diana Socotar
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Romeo Cristian Ciobanu
- Department of Electrical Measurements and Materials, Gheorghe Asachi Technical University, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (O.D.S.); (D.S.)
| | - Thomas Gabriel Schreiner
- CEMEX-Center for Experimental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700259 Iasi, Romania (B.I.T.)
| | - Bogdan Ionel Tamba
- CEMEX-Center for Experimental Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700259 Iasi, Romania (B.I.T.)
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4
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Keppler J. Laying the foundations for a theory of consciousness: the significance of critical brain dynamics for the formation of conscious states. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1379191. [PMID: 38736531 PMCID: PMC11082359 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1379191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence indicates that conscious states, distinguished by the presence of phenomenal qualities, are closely linked to synchronized neural activity patterns whose dynamical characteristics can be attributed to self-organized criticality and phase transitions. These findings imply that insight into the mechanism by which the brain controls phase transitions will provide a deeper understanding of the fundamental mechanism by which the brain manages to transcend the threshold of consciousness. This article aims to show that the initiation of phase transitions and the formation of synchronized activity patterns is due to the coupling of the brain to the zero-point field (ZPF), which plays a central role in quantum electrodynamics (QED). The ZPF stands for the presence of ubiquitous vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field, represented by a spectrum of normal modes. With reference to QED-based model calculations, the details of the coupling mechanism are revealed, suggesting that critical brain dynamics is governed by the resonant interaction of the ZPF with the most abundant neurotransmitter glutamate. The pyramidal neurons in the cortical microcolumns turn out to be ideally suited to control this interaction. A direct consequence of resonant glutamate-ZPF coupling is the amplification of specific ZPF modes, which leads us to conclude that the ZPF is the key to the understanding of consciousness and that the distinctive feature of neurophysiological processes associated with conscious experience consists in modulating the ZPF. Postulating that the ZPF is an inherently sentient field and assuming that the spectrum of phenomenal qualities is represented by the normal modes of the ZPF, the significance of resonant glutamate-ZPF interaction for the formation of conscious states becomes apparent in that the amplification of specific ZPF modes is inextricably linked with the excitation of specific phenomenal qualities. This theory of consciousness, according to which phenomenal states arise through resonant amplification of zero-point modes, is given the acronym TRAZE. An experimental setup is specified that can be used to test a corollary of the theory, namely, the prediction that normally occurring conscious perceptions are absent under experimental conditions in which resonant glutamate-ZPF coupling is disrupted.
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Ali R, Manikandan A, Lei R, Xu J. A novel SpaSA based hyper-parameter optimized FCEDN with adaptive CNN classification for skin cancer detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9336. [PMID: 38653997 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin cancer is the most prevalent kind of cancer in people. It is estimated that more than 1 million people get skin cancer every year in the world. The effectiveness of the disease's therapy is significantly impacted by early identification of this illness. Preprocessing is the initial detecting stage in enhancing the quality of skin images by removing undesired background noise and objects. This study aims is to compile preprocessing techniques for skin cancer imaging that are currently accessible. Researchers looking into automated skin cancer diagnosis might use this article as an excellent place to start. The fully convolutional encoder-decoder network and Sparrow search algorithm (FCEDN-SpaSA) are proposed in this study for the segmentation of dermoscopic images. The individual wolf method and the ensemble ghosting technique are integrated to generate a neighbour-based search strategy in SpaSA for stressing the correct balance between navigation and exploitation. The classification procedure is accomplished by using an adaptive CNN technique to discriminate between normal skin and malignant skin lesions suggestive of disease. Our method provides classification accuracies comparable to commonly used incremental learning techniques while using less energy, storage space, memory access, and training time (only network updates with new training samples, no network sharing). In a simulation, the segmentation performance of the proposed technique on the ISBI 2017, ISIC 2018, and PH2 datasets reached accuracies of 95.28%, 95.89%, 92.70%, and 98.78%, respectively, on the same dataset and assessed the classification performance. It is accurate 91.67% of the time. The efficiency of the suggested strategy is demonstrated through comparisons with cutting-edge methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan Ali
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - A Manikandan
- Department of ECE, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chennai, 603 203, India
| | - Rui Lei
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| | - Jinghong Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No. 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Shang S, Gao F, Zhang Q, Song T, Wang W, Liu D, Gong Y, Lu X. 0.263 terahertz irradiation induced genes expression changes in Caenorhabditis elegans. iScience 2024; 27:109391. [PMID: 38532884 PMCID: PMC10963221 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosafety of terahertz (THz) waves has emerged as a new area of concern with the gradual application of terahertz radiation. Even though many studies have been conducted to investigate the influence of THz radiation on living organisms, the biological effects of terahertz waves have not yet been fully revealed. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) was used to evaluate the biological consequences of whole-body exposure to 0.263 THz irradiation. The integration of transcriptome sequencing and behavioral tests of C. elegans revealed that high-power THz irradiation damaged the epidermal ultrastructures, inhibited the expression of the cuticle collagen genes, and impaired the movement of C. elegans. Moreover, the genes involved in the immune system and the neural system were dramatically down-regulated by high-power THz irradiation. Our findings offer fresh perspectives on the biological impacts of high-power THz radiation that could cause epidermal damage and provoke a systemic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Shang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Fei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Tao Song
- Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diwei Liu
- Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yubin Gong
- Terahertz Science and Technology Research Center, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, P.R. China
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Qi X, Bertling K, Torniainen J, Kong F, Gillespie T, Primiero C, Stark MS, Dean P, Indjin D, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Brünig M, Mills T, Rosendahl C, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016117. [PMID: 38476403 PMCID: PMC10932572 DOI: 10.1063/5.0190573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging has long held promise for skin cancer detection but has been hampered by the lack of practical technological implementation. In this article, we introduce a technique for discriminating several skin pathologies using a coherent THz confocal system based on a THz quantum cascade laser. High resolution in vivo THz images (with diffraction limited to the order of 100 μm) of several different lesion types were acquired and compared against one another using the amplitude and phase values. Our system successfully separated pathologies using a combination of phase and amplitude information and their respective surface textures. The large scan field (50 × 40 mm) of the system allows macroscopic visualization of several skin lesions in a single frame. Utilizing THz imaging for dermatological assessment of skin lesions offers substantial additional diagnostic value for clinicians. THz images contain information complementary to the information contained in the conventional digital images.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Qi
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - K. Bertling
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J. Torniainen
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - F. Kong
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - T. Gillespie
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - C. Primiero
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - M. S. Stark
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - P. Dean
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - D. Indjin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - L. H. Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - E. H. Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - A. G. Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - M. Brünig
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
| | - T. Mills
- OscillaDx Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - C. Rosendahl
- General Practice Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicinee, The University of Queensland, Herston QLD 4029, Australia
| | - H. P. Soyer
- Dermatology Research Centre, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba QLD 4102, Australia
| | - A. D. Rakić
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane QLD 4072, Australia
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Peng K, Morgan NP, Wagner FM, Siday T, Xia CQ, Dede D, Boureau V, Piazza V, Fontcuberta I Morral A, Johnston MB. Direct and integrating sampling in terahertz receivers from wafer-scalable InAs nanowires. Nat Commun 2024; 15:103. [PMID: 38167839 PMCID: PMC10761983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation will play a pivotal role in wireless communications, sensing, spectroscopy and imaging technologies in the decades to come. THz emitters and receivers should thus be simplified in their design and miniaturized to become a commodity. In this work we demonstrate scalable photoconductive THz receivers based on horizontally-grown InAs nanowires (NWs) embedded in a bow-tie antenna that work at room temperature. The NWs provide a short photoconductivity lifetime while conserving high electron mobility. The large surface-to-volume ratio also ensures low dark current and thus low thermal noise, compared to narrow-bandgap bulk devices. By engineering the NW morphology, the NWs exhibit greatly different photoconductivity lifetimes, enabling the receivers to detect THz photons via both direct and integrating sampling modes. The broadband NW receivers are compatible with gating lasers across the entire range of telecom wavelengths (1.2-1.6 μm) and thus are ideal for inexpensive all-optical fibre-based THz time-domain spectroscopy and imaging systems. The devices are deterministically positioned by lithography and thus scalable to the wafer scale, opening the path for a new generation of commercial THz receivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Peng
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Nicholas Paul Morgan
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ford M Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Thomas Siday
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Chelsea Qiushi Xia
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Didem Dede
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Victor Boureau
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Electron Microscopy, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anna Fontcuberta I Morral
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Materials, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials, Institute of Physics, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Michael B Johnston
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK.
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Shirato M, Takida Y, Kanno T, Matsuura H, Niwano Y, Minamide H, Nakamura K. Mutagenicity assessment of high-power 1.6-THz pulse laser radiation. Photochem Photobiol 2024; 100:146-158. [PMID: 37477119 DOI: 10.1111/php.13840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The effect of terahertz (THz) radiation has been studied in medicine. However, there is a lack of scientific information regarding its possible mutagenicity. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the mutagenicity of 1.6 THz laser irradiation. The Ames test was conducted using five bacterial tester strains. The bacteria were subjected to (i) 1.6 THz laser irradiation at 3.8 mW/cm2 for 60 min using a tabletop THz pulse laser system, (ii) ultraviolet irradiation, (iii) treatment with positive control chemicals (positive control) or (iv) treatment with the solvent used in the positive control (negative control). After treatment, the bacterial suspensions were cultured on minimal glucose agar to determine the number of revertant colonies. In addition, the comet assay was performed using fibroblasts (V79) to assess possible DNA damage caused by the THz laser irradiation. The Ames test demonstrated that the THz laser irradiation did not increase the number of revertant colonies compared to that in the negative control group, whereas the ultraviolet irradiation and positive control treatment increased the number of revertant colonies. Thus, 1.6 THz laser irradiation is unlikely to be mutagenic. The comet assay additionally suggests that the THz laser irradiation unlikely induce cellular DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Shirato
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuma Takida
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, RIKEN, Sendai, Japan
| | - Taro Kanno
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Advanced Free Radical Science, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
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Cong M, Li W, Liu Y, Bi J, Wang X, Yang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Zhao YN, Zhao R, Qiu J. Biomedical application of terahertz imaging technology: a narrative review. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:8768-8786. [PMID: 38106329 PMCID: PMC10722018 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objective Terahertz (THz) imaging has wide applications in biomedical research due to its properties, such as non-ionizing, non-invasive and distinctive spectral fingerprints. Over the past 6 years, the application of THz imaging in tumor tissue has made encouraging progress. However, due to the strong absorption of THz by water, the large size, high cost, and low sensitivity of THz devices, it is still difficult to be widely used in clinical practice. This paper provides ideas for researchers and promotes the development of THz imaging in clinical research. Methods The literature search was conducted in the Web of Science and PubMed databases using the keywords "Terahertz imaging", "Breast", "Brain", "Skin" and "Cancer". A total of 94 English language articles from 1 January, 2017 to 30 December, 2022 were reviewed. Key Content and Findings In this review, we briefly introduced the recent advances in THz near-field imaging, single-pixel imaging and real-time imaging, the applications of THz imaging for detecting breast, brain and skin tissues in the last 6 years were reviewed, and the advantages and existing challenges were identified. It is necessary to combine machine learning and metamaterials to develop real-time THz devices with small size, low cost and high sensitivity that can be widely used in clinical practice. More powerful THz detectors can be developed by combining graphene, designing structures and other methods to improve the sensitivity of the devices and obtain more accurate information. Establishing a THz database is one of the important methods to improve the repeatability and accuracy of imaging results. Conclusions THz technology is an effective method for tumor imaging. We believe that with the joint efforts of researchers and clinicians, accurate, real-time, and safe THz imaging will be widely applied in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyang Cong
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, China
| | - Wen Li
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Jing Bi
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xueqiao Yang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Zihan Zhang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Xiaoxin Zhang
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Ya-Nan Zhao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Jianfeng Qiu
- School of Radiology, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
- Center for Medical Engineer Technology Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai’an, China
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11
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Huang J, Wang J, Guo L, Wu D, Yan S, Chang T, Cui H. Organelle Imaging with Terahertz Scattering-Type Scanning Near-Field Microscope. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13630. [PMID: 37686436 PMCID: PMC10488156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Organelles play core roles in living beings, especially in internal cellular actions, but the hidden information inside the cell is difficult to extract in a label-free manner. In recent years, terahertz (THz) imaging has attracted much attention because of its penetration depth in nonpolar and non-metallic materials and label-free, non-invasive and non-ionizing ability to obtain the interior information of bio-samples. However, the low spatial resolution of traditional far-field THz imaging systems and the weak dielectric contrast of biological samples hinder the application of this technology in the biological field. In this paper, we used an advanced THz scattering near-field imaging method for detecting chloroplasts on gold substrate with nano-flatness combined with an image processing method to remove the background noise and successfully obtained the subcellular-grade internal reticular structure from an Arabidopsis chloroplast THz image. In contrast, little inner information could be observed in the tea chloroplast in similar THz images. Further, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mass spectroscopy (MS) were also used to detect structural and chemical differences inside the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis and tea plants. The preliminary results suggested that the interspecific different THz information is related to the internal spatial structures of chloroplasts and metabolite differences among species. Therefore, this method could open a new way to study the structure of individual organelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Jie Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Linghui Guo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China; (J.H.); (D.W.)
| | - Shihan Yan
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Tianying Chang
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hongliang Cui
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China; (J.W.); (H.C.)
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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12
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Zou Y, Lin H, Tian G, Zhou H, Zhu H, Xiong H, Wang BX. Triple-Band and Ultra-Broadband Switchable Terahertz Meta-Material Absorbers Based on the Hybrid Structures of Vanadium Dioxide and Metallic Patterned Resonators. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4719. [PMID: 37445033 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A bifunctional terahertz meta-material absorber with three layers is designed. The surface of the bifunctional meta-material absorber is a periodically patterned array composed of hybrid structures of vanadium dioxide (VO2) and metallic resonators; the middle layer is a nondestructive TOPAS film, and the bottom layer is a continuous metallic plane. Utilizing the phase-transition property of VO2, the responses of the meta-material absorber could be dynamically switched between triple-band absorption and ultra-broadband absorption. When VO2 is in the metallic state, an ultra-broadband absorption covering the bandwidth of 6.62 THz is achieved over the range from 4.71 THz to 11.33 THz. When VO2 is in the di-electric state, three absorption peaks resonated at 10.57 THz, 12.68 THz, and 13.91 THz. The physical mechanisms of the bifunctional meta-material absorber were explored by analyzing their near-field distributions. The effects of varying structural parameters on triple-band and ultra-broadband absorption were investigated. It is revealed that by optimizing the structure parameters, the number of absorption peaks could be increased for a certain sacrifice of absorption bandwidth. FDTD Solutions and CST Microwave Studio were used to simulate the data of the absorber, and similar results were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuke Zou
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongyan Lin
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gaowen Tian
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Zhou
- Zhejiang Beyondsun Green Energy Technology Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313008, China
| | - Huaxin Zhu
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Han Xiong
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Ben-Xin Wang
- School of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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13
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Alwakid G, Gouda W, Humayun M, Jhanjhi NZ. Diagnosing Melanomas in Dermoscopy Images Using Deep Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101815. [PMID: 37238299 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
When it comes to skin tumors and cancers, melanoma ranks among the most prevalent and deadly. With the advancement of deep learning and computer vision, it is now possible to quickly and accurately determine whether or not a patient has malignancy. This is significant since a prompt identification greatly decreases the likelihood of a fatal outcome. Artificial intelligence has the potential to improve healthcare in many ways, including melanoma diagnosis. In a nutshell, this research employed an Inception-V3 and InceptionResnet-V2 strategy for melanoma recognition. The feature extraction layers that were previously frozen were fine-tuned after the newly added top layers were trained. This study used data from the HAM10000 dataset, which included an unrepresentative sample of seven different forms of skin cancer. To fix the discrepancy, we utilized data augmentation. The proposed models outperformed the results of the previous investigation with an effectiveness of 0.89 for Inception-V3 and 0.91 for InceptionResnet-V2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alwakid
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa Gouda
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Shoubra Faculty of Engineering, Benha University, Cairo 11672, Egypt
| | - Mamoona Humayun
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakakah 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - N Z Jhanjhi
- School of Computer Science (SCS), Taylor's University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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14
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Qi X, Bertling K, Stark MS, Taimre T, Kao YC, Lim YL, Han S, O’Brien B, Collins A, Walsh M, Torniainen J, Gillespie T, Donose BC, Dean P, Li LH, Linfield EH, Davies AG, Indjin D, Soyer HP, Rakić AD. Terahertz imaging of human skin pathologies using laser feedback interferometry with quantum cascade lasers. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1393-1410. [PMID: 37078035 PMCID: PMC10110320 DOI: 10.1364/boe.480615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of skin pathologies with current clinical diagnostic tools is challenging, particularly when there are no visible colour changes or morphological cues present on the skin. In this study, we present a terahertz (THz) imaging technology based on a narrow band quantum cascade laser (QCL) at 2.8 THz for human skin pathology detection with diffraction limited spatial resolution. THz imaging was conducted for three different groups of unstained human skin samples (benign naevus, dysplastic naevus, and melanoma) and compared to the corresponding traditional histopathologic stained images. The minimum thickness of dehydrated human skin that can provide THz contrast was determined to be 50 µm, which is approximately one half-wavelength of the THz wave used. The THz images from different types of 50 µm-thick skin samples were well correlated with the histological findings. The per-sample locations of pathology vs healthy skin can be separated from the density distribution of the corresponding pixels in the THz amplitude-phase map. The possible THz contrast mechanisms relating to the origin of image contrast in addition to water content were analyzed from these dehydrated samples. Our findings suggest that THz imaging could provide a feasible imaging modality for skin cancer detection that is beyond the visible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Qi
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karl Bertling
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Mitchell S. Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Thomas Taimre
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Yung-Ching Kao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Yah Leng Lim
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - She Han
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Blake O’Brien
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Angus Collins
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael Walsh
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jari Torniainen
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy Gillespie
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Bogdan C. Donose
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Paul Dean
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lian He Li
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Edmund H. Linfield
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - A. Giles Davies
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Dragan Indjin
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - H. Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aleksandar D. Rakić
- School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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15
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Helminiak J, Alfaro-Gomez M, Hernandez-Cardoso GG, Koch M, Castro-Camus E. Temperature dependence of the dielectric function of dehydrated biological samples in the THz band. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:1472-1479. [PMID: 37078026 PMCID: PMC10110306 DOI: 10.1364/boe.478787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz technology has demonstrated enormous potential for the analysis of biological systems and the diagnosis of some medical conditions, given its high sensitivity to detect water content. In previously published papers, effective medium theories are used to extract the water content from the terahertz measurements. When the dielectric functions of water and dehydrated bio-material are well known, the volumetric fraction of water can be left as the only free parameter in those effective medium theory models. While water complex permittivity is very well known, the dielectric functions of dehydrated tissues are normally measured for each individual application. In previous studies, it has been traditionally assumed that, unlike water, the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissues is temperature independent, measuring it only at room temperature. Yet, this is an aspect that has not been discussed and that is relevant in order to get THz technology closer to clinical and in-the-field applications. In this work, we present the characterization of the complex permittivity of dehydrated tissues; each studied at temperatures ranging from 20°C to 36.5°C. We studied samples of different organism classifications to have a wider confirmation of the results. We find that, in each case, the dielectric function changes of dehydrated tissues caused by temperature are smaller than for water across the same temperature interval. Yet, the changes in the dielectric function of the dehydrated tissue are not negligible and should, in many cases, be taken into account for the processing of terahertz signals that interact with biological tissues. While this study gives a first introduction into the probable relevancy of temperature-dependent optical behavior of biological samples, this work only focuses on the experimental proof for this relationship and will, therefore, not give a deeper analysis of how the underlying models have to be modified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Helminiak
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mariana Alfaro-Gomez
- Universidad Autonoma de Aguascalientes, Av. Universidad 940, Cd. Universitaria, 20100, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Goretti G. Hernandez-Cardoso
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Koch
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Enrique Castro-Camus
- Department of Physics and Material Sciences Center, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Renthof 5, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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16
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Sitnikov D, Revkova V, Ilina I, Shatalova R, Komarov P, Struleva E, Konoplyannikov M, Kalsin V, Baklaushev V. Sensitivity of Neuroblastoma and Induced Neural Progenitor Cells to High-Intensity THz Radiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076558. [PMID: 37047534 PMCID: PMC10095325 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
THz radiation induces a variety of processes in cells and has attracted the attention of researchers in recent decades. Here, data on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation on human directly reprogrammed neural progenitor cells (drNPCs) and on neuroblastoma cells (SK-N-BE (2)) were obtained for the first time. The results demonstrated that the exposure of non-tumor and tumor cells to broadband (0.1–3 THz) THz pulses with the intensity of 21 GW/cm2 and the electric field strength of 2.8 MV/cm for 30 min induced neither a noticeable genotoxic effect nor a statistically significant change in the proliferative activity and cell differentiation. It was also shown that the combined effect of THz radiation and salinomycin, a promising antitumor agent, on neuroblastoma cells did not enhance the genotoxic effect of this antibiotic. However, further studies involving chemotherapy drugs and other exposure parameters are warranted to introduce this new concept into anti-tumor clinical practice and to enhance the efficacy of the existing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Veronika Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Rimma Shatalova
- Center for Genetics and Life Sciences, Division of Genetics and Genetic Technologies, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Pavel Komarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Struleva
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences, 125412 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency of Russia, 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical-Biological Agency, 117513 Moscow, Russia
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17
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Moldosanov K, Bykov A, Kairyev N, Khodzitsky M, Kropotov G, Lelevkin V, Meglinski I, Postnikov A, Shakhmin A. Terahertz-to-infrared converters for imaging the human skin cancer: challenges and feasibility. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2023; 10:023501. [PMID: 36925632 PMCID: PMC10012600 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.10.2.023501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Terahertz (THz) medical imaging is a promising noninvasive technique for monitoring the skin's conditions, early detection of the human skin cancer, and recovery from burns and wounds. It can be applied for visualization of the healing process directly through clinical dressings and restorative ointments, minimizing the frequency of dressing changes. The THz imaging technique is cost effective, as compared to the magnetic resonance method. Our aim was to develop an approach capable of providing better image resolution than the commercially available THz imaging cameras. Approach The terahertz-to-infrared (THz-to-IR) converters can visualize the human skin cancer by converting the latter's specific contrast patterns recognizable in THz radiation range into IR patterns, detectable by a standard IR imaging camera. At the core of suggested THz-to-IR converters are flat matrices transparent both in the THz range to be visualized and in the operating range of the IR camera, these matrices contain embedded metal nanoparticles (NPs), which, when irradiated with THz rays, convert the energy of THz photons into heat and become nanosources of IR radiation detectable by an IR camera. Results The ways of creating the simplest converter, as well as a more complex converter with wider capabilities, are considered. The first converter is a gelatin matrix with gold 8.5-nm diameter NPs, and the second is a polystyrene matrix with 2-nm diameter NPs from copper-nickel MONEL® alloy 404. Conclusions An approach with a THz-to-IR converter equipped with an IR camera is promising in that it could provide a better image of oncological pathology than the commercially available THz imaging cameras do.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Igor Meglinski
- University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Aston University, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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18
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Dobre EG, Surcel M, Constantin C, Ilie MA, Caruntu A, Caruntu C, Neagu M. Skin Cancer Pathobiology at a Glance: A Focus on Imaging Techniques and Their Potential for Improved Diagnosis and Surveillance in Clinical Cohorts. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021079. [PMID: 36674595 PMCID: PMC9866322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis is essential for completely eradicating skin cancer and maximizing patients' clinical benefits. Emerging optical imaging modalities such as reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM), optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), near-infrared (NIR) bioimaging, positron emission tomography (PET), and their combinations provide non-invasive imaging data that may help in the early detection of cutaneous tumors and surgical planning. Hence, they seem appropriate for observing dynamic processes such as blood flow, immune cell activation, and tumor energy metabolism, which may be relevant for disease evolution. This review discusses the latest technological and methodological advances in imaging techniques that may be applied for skin cancer detection and monitoring. In the first instance, we will describe the principle and prospective clinical applications of the most commonly used imaging techniques, highlighting the challenges and opportunities of their implementation in the clinical setting. We will also highlight how imaging techniques may complement the molecular and histological approaches in sharpening the non-invasive skin characterization, laying the ground for more personalized approaches in skin cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Georgiana Dobre
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Surcel
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Ana Caruntu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Carol Davila” Central Military Emergency Hospital, 010825 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, 031593 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Caruntu
- Department of Physiology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Dermatology, “Prof. N.C. Paulescu” National Institute of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, 011233 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Monica Neagu
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina University Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
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19
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Sitnikov DS, Revkova VA, Ilina IV, Gurova SA, Komarov PS, Struleva EV, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Studying the genotoxic effects of high intensity terahertz radiation on fibroblasts and CNS tumor cells. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2023; 16:e202200212. [PMID: 36250985 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The data is obtained on the effect of high-intensity pulses of terahertz (THz) radiation with a broad spectrum (0.2-3 THz) on cell cultures. We have evaluated the threshold exposure parameters of THz radiation causing genotoxic effects in fibroblasts. Phosphorylation of histone H2AX at Ser 139 (γH2AX) was chosen as a marker for genotoxicity and a quantitative estimation of γH2AX foci number in fibroblasts was performed after cell irradiation with THz pulses for 30 min. No genotoxic effects of THz radiation were observed in fibroblasts unless peak intensity and electric field strength exceeded 21 GW cm-2 and 2.8 MV cm-1 , respectively. In tumor cell lines (neuroblastoma (SK-N-BE (2)) and glioblastoma (U87)), exposure to THz pulses with peak intensity of 21 GW cm-2 for 30 min caused no morphological changes as well as no statistically significant increase in histone phosphorylation foci number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Gurova
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Pavel S Komarov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia V Struleva
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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20
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Martins IS, Silva HF, Lazareva EN, Chernomyrdin NV, Zaytsev KI, Oliveira LM, Tuchin VV. Measurement of tissue optical properties in a wide spectral range: a review [Invited]. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:249-298. [PMID: 36698664 PMCID: PMC9841994 DOI: 10.1364/boe.479320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A distinctive feature of this review is a critical analysis of methods and results of measurements of the optical properties of tissues in a wide spectral range from deep UV to terahertz waves. Much attention is paid to measurements of the refractive index of biological tissues and liquids, the knowledge of which is necessary for the effective application of many methods of optical imaging and diagnostics. The optical parameters of healthy and pathological tissues are presented, and the reasons for their differences are discussed, which is important for the discrimination of pathologies and the demarcation of their boundaries. When considering the interaction of terahertz radiation with tissues, the concept of an effective medium is discussed, and relaxation models of the effective optical properties of tissues are presented. Attention is drawn to the manifestation of the scattering properties of tissues in the THz range and the problems of measuring the optical properties of tissues in this range are discussed. In conclusion, a method for the dynamic analysis of the optical properties of tissues under optical clearing using an application of immersion agents is presented. The main mechanisms and technologies of optical clearing, as well as examples of the successful application for differentiation of healthy and pathological tissues, are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês S. Martins
- Center for Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology, ISEP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Hugo F. Silva
- Porto University, School of Engineering, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ekaterina N. Lazareva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
| | | | - Kirill I. Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luís M. Oliveira
- Physics Department, Polytechnic of Porto – School of Engineering (ISEP), Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
- Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
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21
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Gezimati M, Singh G. Advances in terahertz technology for cancer detection applications. OPTICAL AND QUANTUM ELECTRONICS 2022; 55:151. [PMID: 36588663 PMCID: PMC9791634 DOI: 10.1007/s11082-022-04340-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is an increasing demand for the diagnostic techniques that provide functional and morphological information with early cancer detection capability. Novel modern medical imaging systems driven by the recent advancements in technology such as terahertz (THz) and infrared radiation-based imaging technologies which are complementary to conventional modalities are being developed, investigated, and validated. The THz cancer imaging techniques offer novel opportunities for label free, non-ionizing, non-invasive and early cancer detection. The observed image contrast in THz cancer imaging studies has been mostly attributed to higher refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric properties in cancer tissue than that in the normal tissue due the local increase of the water molecule content in tissue and increased blood supply to the cancer affected tissue. Additional image contrast parameters and cancer biomarkers that have been reported to contribute to THz image contrast include cell structural changes, molecular density, interactions between agents (e.g., contrast agents and embedding agents) and biological tissue as well as tissue substances like proteins, fiber and fat etc. In this paper, we have presented a systematic and comprehensive review of the advancements in the technological development of THz technology for cancer imaging applications. Initially, the fundamentals principles and techniques for THz radiation generation and detection, imaging and spectroscopy are introduced. Further, the application of THz imaging for detection of various cancers tissues are presented, with more focus on the in vivo imaging of skin cancer. The data processing techniques for THz data are briefly discussed. Also, we identify the advantages and existing challenges in THz based cancer detection and report the performance improvement techniques. The recent advancements towards THz systems which are optimized and miniaturized are also reported. Finally, the integration of THz systems with artificial intelligent (AI), internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big data analytics, robotics etc. for more sophisticated systems is proposed. This will facilitate the large-scale clinical applications of THz for smart and connected next generation healthcare systems and provide a roadmap for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mavis Gezimati
- Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
| | - Ghanshyam Singh
- Centre for Smart Information and Communication Systems, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park Kingsway Campus, P.O Box 524, Johannesburg, 2006 South Africa
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22
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Alwakid G, Gouda W, Humayun M, Sama NU. Melanoma Detection Using Deep Learning-Based Classifications. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10122481. [PMID: 36554004 PMCID: PMC9777935 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10122481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most prevalent cancers worldwide is skin cancer, and it is becoming more common as the population ages. As a general rule, the earlier skin cancer can be diagnosed, the better. As a result of the success of deep learning (DL) algorithms in other industries, there has been a substantial increase in automated diagnosis systems in healthcare. This work proposes DL as a method for extracting a lesion zone with precision. First, the image is enhanced using Enhanced Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Networks (ESRGAN) to improve the image's quality. Then, segmentation is used to segment Regions of Interest (ROI) from the full image. We employed data augmentation to rectify the data disparity. The image is then analyzed with a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a modified version of Resnet-50 to classify skin lesions. This analysis utilized an unequal sample of seven kinds of skin cancer from the HAM10000 dataset. With an accuracy of 0.86, a precision of 0.84, a recall of 0.86, and an F-score of 0.86, the proposed CNN-based Model outperformed the earlier study's results by a significant margin. The study culminates with an improved automated method for diagnosing skin cancer that benefits medical professionals and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghadah Alwakid
- Department of Computer Science, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Walaa Gouda
- Department of Computer Engineering and Networks, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamoona Humayun
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72341, Al Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najm Us Sama
- Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
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23
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Abdulkarim Y, Altintas O, Karim AS, Awl HN, Muhammadsharif FF, Alkurt FÖ, Bakir M, Appasani B, Karaaslan M, Dong J. Highly Sensitive Dual-Band Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber for Biomedical Applications: Simulation and Experiment. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:38094-38104. [PMID: 36312388 PMCID: PMC9608393 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MTMA), incorporating surface Pythagorean tree fractal resonators, was designed and experimentally fabricated on the flexible substrate of polyethylene terephthalate. The design presented two peaks with strong absorption of more than 97% at 0.49 and 0.69 THz. The dual-band absorption peaks were seen to be shifted with the change in the refractive index of the surrounding medium, with a corresponding sensitivity of 0.0968 and 0.1182 THz/RIU. The spectral shift of the reflection resonance dip was utilized as an assessment index to evaluate the sensing performance of the new structure, and it was found to be 2.08 and 2.98 for the two resonance peaks, respectively. It was observed that the proposed structure acted as an epsilon negative material at the first resonance and as a mu negative material at the second resonance. Further investigations on the electric field, magnetic field, and surface current distributions were carried out to elaborate on the absorption characteristics at various resonance frequencies. The proposed sensor is a highly sensitive MTMA which can be used to investigate the interaction of matter with THz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadgar
I. Abdulkarim
- School
of Computer Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha410075, China
- Medical
Physics Department, College of Medicals & Applied Science, Charmo University, Chamchamal, 46023Sulaimania, Iraq
| | - Olcay Altintas
- Department
of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun
Technical University, 31200Hatay, Turkey
| | - Ayoub Sabir Karim
- Physics
Department, College of Education, Salahaddin
University-Erbil, 44002Erbil, Iraq
| | - Halgurd N. Awl
- Department
of Communication Engineering, Sulaimani
Polytechnic University, 46001Sulaimani, Iraq
| | | | - Fatih Özkan Alkurt
- Department
of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun
Technical University, 31200Hatay, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bakir
- Department
of Computer Engineering, Bozok University, 66200Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Bhargav Appasani
- School
of Electronics Engineering, KIIT University, 751024Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Muharrem Karaaslan
- Department
of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, Iskenderun
Technical University, 31200Hatay, Turkey
| | - Jian Dong
- School
of Computer Science and Engineering, Central
South University, Changsha410075, China
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24
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Measurement and Modeling of the Optical Properties of Adipose Tissue in the Terahertz Range: Aspects of Disease Diagnosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12102395. [PMID: 36292084 PMCID: PMC9600075 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the measurement and modeling of optical properties in the terahertz (THz) range of adipose tissue and its components with temperature changes were performed. Spectral measurements were made in the frequency range 0.25–1 THz. The structural models of main triglycerides of fatty acids are constructed using the B3LYP/6-31G(d) method and the Gaussian03, Revision B.03 program. The optical density (OD) of adipose tissue samples decreases as temperature increases, which can be associated mostly with the dehydration of the sample. Some inclusion of THz wave scattering suppression into the OD decrease can also be expected due to refractive index matching provided by free fatty acids released from adipocytes at thermally induced cell lipolysis. It was shown that the difference between the THz absorption spectra of water and fat makes it possible to estimate the water content in adipose tissue. The proposed model was verified on the basis of molecular modeling and a comparison with experimental data for terahertz spectra of adipose tissue during its heating. Knowing the exact percentage of free and bound water in adipose tissue can help diagnose and monitor diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
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25
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D'Antuono R, Bowen JW. Towards super-resolved terahertz microscopy for cellular imaging. J Microsc 2022; 288:207-217. [PMID: 35792534 PMCID: PMC10084438 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Biomedical imaging includes the use of a variety of techniques to study organs and tissues. Some of the possible imaging modalities are more spread at clinical level (CT, MRI, PET), while others, such as light and electron microscopy are preferred in life sciences research. The choice of the imaging modalities can be based on the capability to study functional aspects of an organism, the delivered radiation dose to the patient, and the achievable resolution. In the last few decades, spectroscopists and imaging scientists have been interested in the use of terahertz (THz) frequencies (30 μm to 3 mm wavelength) due to the low photon energy associated (E∼1 meV, not causing breaking of the molecular bonds but still interacting with some vibrational modes) and the high penetration depth that is achievable. THz has been already adopted in security, quality control and material sciences. However, the adoption of THz frequencies for biological and clinical imaging means to face, as a major limitation, the very scarce resolution associated with the use of such long wavelengths. To address this aspect and reconcile the benefit of minimal harmfulness for bioimaging with the achievable resolving power, many attempts have been made. This review summarises the state-of-the-art of THz imaging applications aimed at achieving super-resolution, describing how practical aspects of optics and quasi-optics may be treated to efficaciously implement the use of THz as a new low-dose and versatile modality in biomedical imaging and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco D'Antuono
- Crick Advanced Light Microscopy STP, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, NW1 1AT, London, UK.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - John W Bowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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26
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Barket AR, Hu W, Wang B, Shahzad W, Malik JS. Selection criteria of image reconstruction algorithms for terahertz short-range imaging applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:23398-23416. [PMID: 36225020 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) imaging has been regarded as cutting-edge technology in a wide range of applications due to its ability to penetrate through opaque materials, non-invasive nature, and its increased bandwidth capacity. Recently, THz imaging has been extensively researched in security, driver assistance technology, non-destructive testing, and medical applications. The objective of this review is to summarize the selection criteria for current state-of-the-art THz image reconstruction algorithms developed for short-range imaging applications over the last two decades. Moreover, we summarize the selected algorithms' performance and their implementation process. This study provides an in-depth understanding of the fundamentals of image reconstruction algorithms related to THz short-range imaging and future aspects of algorithm processing and selection.
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Abstract
As the deployment of 5G mobile radio networks gains momentum across the globe, the wireless research community is already planning the successor of 5G. In this paper, we highlight the shortcomings of 5G in meeting the needs of more data-intensive, low-latency, and ultra-high-reliability applications. We then discuss the salient characteristics of the 6G network following a hierarchical approach including the social, economic, and technological aspects. We also discuss some of the key technologies expected to support the move towards 6G. Finally, we quantify and summarize the research work related to beyond 5G and 6G networks through an extensive search of publications and research groups and present a possible timeline for 6G activities.
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Terahertz Imaging for Formalin Fixed Malignant Liver Tumors Using Two-Band Beamline at the Accelerator Facility of Nihon University. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12042229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the transmission characteristics of formalin fixed human liver samples in which normal liver tissue and malignant liver tumor were mixed using terahertz (THz) coherent synchrotron radiation at an infrared free-electron laser (FEL) facility at Nihon University. Infrared-FEL imaging has indicated that the amount of water molecules in the tumor tissue is not different from that in the normal tissue. However, the transmission of the incipient tumor tissue was lower than that of the normal tissue in THz imaging because the tumor tissue contained more water molecular clusters than the normal tissue. The tumor tissue became more permeable owing to the development of fibrous tissue around it. THz imaging will be more useful for discriminating liver tissues by increasing the spatial resolution.
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29
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Tarabichi S, Al-Raeei M, Solieva O. Improving the accuracy of tumor surgery by THz imaging and making the results of pathological anatomy faster by THz spectroscopy. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43088-022-00201-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The terahertz radiation is a specific part of the electromagnetic radiation spectrum and has multiple significant applications in multiple scientific researches such as the applications in the medicine. An important application of the terahertz is its use in tumor imaging which is very important in the tumor surgery; however, lots of physicians and workers in the medical field have little information or having no information at all, dealing with this significant part of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Results
In this work, we interviewed a number of local surgeons in Syrian Arab Republic, who reported that they visually delineate the contour of tumors to be removed, and in order to reduce the number of future possible interventions, a large margin of healthy tissue is often excised. Furthermore, a number of pathologists who reported that preparing samples of excised tissues for examination takes a long period of time which may extend to several days, and that the results of histopathology indicate in some cases the integrity of removed tissues.
Conclusion
We have found that a significant number of participants in the survey demonstrated that the importance of dealing with terahertz imaging and terahertz spectroscopy, encouraging to implement the technique in the Syrian Arab Republic.
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Katyba GM, Chizhov PA, Kurlov VN, Dolganova IN, Garnov SV, Zaytsev KI, Bukin VV. THz generation by two-color laser air plasma coupled to antiresonance hollow-core sapphire waveguides: THz-wave delivery and angular distribution management. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:4215-4230. [PMID: 35209663 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, hollow-core antiresonance sapphire waveguides were applied to guide the THz radiation emitted by the two-color laser air plasma, as well as to manage the THz source angular distribution. For this aim, three distinct waveguides were developed. Each of them is based on a cylindrical sapphire tube, either suspended in free space or coated by a polymer. The waveguides were first studied numerically, using the finite-difference eigenmode method, and experimentally, using the in-house THz pulsed spectrometer. The observed data uncovered the antiresonance regime of their operation, as well as their ability to guide broadband THz pulses over tens of centimeters with a high optical performance. The waveguides were then used to couple and guide (over the considerable distance) of THz radiation from the in-house two-color laser air plasma emitter, that exploits the mJ-energy-level femtosecond pulses of a Ti-sapphire laser. Small dispersion of a THz pulse and low-to-moderate propagation loss in the developed waveguide were observed, along with a considerable narrowing of the THz radiation angular distribution after passing the waveguide. Our findings revealed that such technologically-reliable hollow-core sapphire waveguides can boost the performance of laser air plasma-based THz emitters and make them more suitable for applications in the vigorously-explored THz sensing and exposure technologies.
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31
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Zhou C, Xiong L, Zhou X, Li L, Yan Q. Transcriptome profiling of guinea pig skin exposed to a high-power terahertz source. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2021; 63:29-36. [PMID: 34954859 PMCID: PMC9303439 DOI: 10.1002/em.22470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation has a wide range of applications including use in medicine. However, effects of high‐power THz radiation have not been clearly elucidated. We used a 2.52 THz self‐made optically pumped gas THz laser, the low‐ and high‐energy group, to irradiate the backs of Hartley guinea pigs. RNA‐sequencing was done to explore global transcriptional responses in the irradiated skin. Gene Ontology analysis revealed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the unexposed and low‐energy exposed groups were associated with skin development, skin barrier establishment, and multicellular organismal water homeostasis or water loss regulation via the skin. On the other hand, comparison between the unexposed and high‐energy exposed groups showed that the DEGs mediated monocarboxylic acid metabolism, blood vessel morphogenesis, establishment of skin barrier, blood vessel development, or angiogenesis. Our analyses demonstrate the potential effects of high‐power THz source on the skin and sets the basis for further studies on the safety and application of the high‐power THz in dermatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengxia Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Cosmetics Safety and Efficacy Evaluation Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,NMPA Key Laboratory for Human Evaluation and Big Data of Cosmetics, Chengdu, China.,Sichuan Engineering Technology Research Center of Cosmetic, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- Research Center of Laser Fusion, CAEP, Mianyang, China
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32
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Dolganova IN, Varvina DA, Shikunova IA, Alekseeva AI, Karalkin PA, Kuznetsov MR, Nikitin PV, Zotov AK, Mukhina EE, Katyba GM, Zaytsev KI, Tuchin VV, Kurlov VN. Proof of concept for the sapphire scalpel combining tissue dissection and optical diagnosis. Lasers Surg Med 2021; 54:611-622. [PMID: 34918347 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The development of compact diagnostic probes and instruments with an ability to direct access to organs and tissues and integration of these instruments into surgical workflows is an important task of modern physics and medicine. The need for such tools is essential for surgical oncology, where intraoperative visualization and demarcation of tumor margins define further prognosis and survival of patients. In this paper, the possible solution for this intraoperative imaging problem is proposed and its feasibility to detect tumorous tissue is studied experimentally. METHODS For this aim, the sapphire scalpel was developed and fabricated using the edge-defined film-fed growth technique aided by mechanical grinding, polishing, and chemical sharpening of the cutting edge. It possesses optical transparency, mechanical strength, chemical inertness, and thermal resistance alongside the presence of the as-grown hollow capillary channels in its volume for accommodating optical fibers. The rounding of the cutting edge exceeds the same for metal scalpels and can be as small as 110 nm. Thanks to these features, sapphire scalpel combines tissue dissection with light delivering and optical diagnosis. The feasibility for the tumor margin detection was studied, including both gelatin-based tissue phantoms and ex vivo freshly excised specimens of the basal cell carcinoma from humans and the glioma model 101.8 from rats. These tumors are commonly diagnosed either non-invasively or intraoperatively using different modalities of fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging, which makes them ideal candidates for our feasibility test. For this purpose, fiber-based spectroscopic measurements of the backscattered laser radiation and the fluorescence signals were carried out in the visible range. RESULTS Experimental studies show the feasibility of the proposed sapphire scalpel to provide a 2-mm-resolution of the tumor margins' detection, along with an ability to distinguish the tumor invasion region, which results from analysis of the backscattered optical fields and the endogenous or exogenous fluorescence data. CONCLUSIONS Our findings justified a strong potential of the sapphire scalpel for surgical oncology. However, further research and engineering efforts are required to optimize the sapphire scalpel geometry and the optical diagnosis protocols to meet the requirements of oncosurgery, including diagnosis and resection of neoplasms with different localizations and nosologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina N Dolganova
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A Varvina
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,International School "Medicine of the Future", Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina A Shikunova
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Anna I Alekseeva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel A Karalkin
- Institute for Cluster Oncology, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Pavel V Nikitin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arsen K Zotov
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Gleb M Katyba
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kirill I Zaytsev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia.,Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valery V Tuchin
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia.,Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov, Russia.,National Research Tomsk University, Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir N Kurlov
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.,Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Schroer MA, Schewa S, Gruzinov AY, Rönnau C, Lahey-Rudolph JM, Blanchet CE, Zickmantel T, Song YH, Svergun DI, Roessle M. Probing the existence of non-thermal Terahertz radiation induced changes of the protein solution structure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22311. [PMID: 34785744 PMCID: PMC8595702 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01774-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last decades discussions were taking place on the existence of global, non-thermal structural changes in biological macromolecules induced by Terahertz (THz) radiation. Despite numerous studies, a clear experimental proof of this effect for biological particles in solution is still missing. We developed a setup combining THz-irradiation with small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), which is a sensitive method for detecting the expected structural changes. We investigated in detail protein systems with different shape morphologies (bovine serum albumin, microtubules), which have been proposed to be susceptible to THz-radiation, under variable parameters (THz wavelength, THz power densities up to 6.8 mW/cm2, protein concentrations). None of the studied systems and conditions revealed structural changes detectable by SAXS suggesting that the expected non-thermal THz-induced effects do not lead to alterations of the overall structures, which are revealed by scattering from dissolved macromolecules. This leaves us with the conclusion that, if such effects are present, these are either local or outside of the spectrum and power range covered by the present study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin A. Schroer
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany ,grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Present Address: Nanoparticle Process Technology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Siawosch Schewa
- University of Applied Sciences Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Andrey Yu. Gruzinov
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Rönnau
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Clement E. Blanchet
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Till Zickmantel
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Young-Hwa Song
- grid.4562.50000 0001 0057 2672Institute of Physics, University of Luebeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Dmitri I. Svergun
- grid.475756.20000 0004 0444 5410European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation C/O DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Roessle
- University of Applied Sciences Luebeck, Moenkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Luebeck, Germany
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34
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Sitnikov DS, Ilina IV, Revkova VA, Rodionov SA, Gurova SA, Shatalova RO, Kovalev AV, Ovchinnikov AV, Chefonov OV, Konoplyannikov MA, Kalsin VA, Baklaushev VP. Effects of high intensity non-ionizing terahertz radiation on human skin fibroblasts. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7122-7138. [PMID: 34858704 PMCID: PMC8606137 DOI: 10.1364/boe.440460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, the data have been obtained on the effects of high-intensity terahertz (THz) radiation (with the intensity of 30 GW/cm2, electric field strength of 3.5 MV/cm) on human skin fibroblasts. A quantitative estimation of the number of histone Н2АХ foci of phosphorylation was performed. The number of foci per cell was studied depending on the irradiation time, as well as on the THz pulse energy. The performed studies have shown that the appearance of the foci is not related to either the oxidative stress (the cells preserve their morphology, cytoskeleton structure, and the reactive oxygen species content does not exceed the control values), or the thermal effect of THz radiation. The prolonged irradiation of fibroblasts also did not result in a decrease of their proliferative index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry S. Sitnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V. Ilina
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika A. Revkova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Rodionov
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Svetlana A. Gurova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Rimma O. Shatalova
- National Research nuclear University MEPhI Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Alexey V. Kovalev
- N. N. Priorov National Medical Research Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Ovchinnikov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oleg V. Chefonov
- Joint Institute for High Temperatures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Konoplyannikov
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A. Kalsin
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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Cherkasova OP, Serdyukov DS, Nemova EF, Ratushnyak AS, Kucheryavenko AS, Dolganova IN, Xu G, Skorobogatiy M, Reshetov IV, Timashev PS, Spektor IE, Zaytsev KI, Tuchin VV. Cellular effects of terahertz waves. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2021; 26:JBO-210179VR. [PMID: 34595886 PMCID: PMC8483303 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.26.9.090902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE An increasing interest in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to the terahertz (THz) radiation is driven by a rapid progress in THz biophotonics, observed during the past decades. Despite the attractiveness of THz technology for medical diagnosis and therapy, there is still quite limited knowledge about safe limits of THz exposure. Different modes of THz exposure of tissues and cells, including continuous-wave versus pulsed radiation, various powers, and number and duration of exposure cycles, ought to be systematically studied. AIM We provide an overview of recent research results in the area of biological effects at exposure of tissues and cells to THz waves. APPROACH We start with a brief overview of general features of the THz-wave-tissue interactions, as well as modern THz emitters, with an emphasis on those that are reliable for studying the biological effects of THz waves. Then, we consider three levels of biological system organization, at which the exposure effects are considered: (i) solutions of biological molecules; (ii) cultures of cells, individual cells, and cell structures; and (iii) entire organs or organisms; special attention is devoted to the cellular level. We distinguish thermal and nonthermal mechanisms of THz-wave-cell interactions and discuss a problem of adequate estimation of the THz biological effects' specificity. The problem of experimental data reproducibility, caused by rareness of the THz experimental setups and an absence of unitary protocols, is also considered. RESULTS The summarized data demonstrate the current stage of the research activity and knowledge about the THz exposure on living objects. CONCLUSIONS This review helps the biomedical optics community to summarize up-to-date knowledge in the area of cell exposure to THz radiation, and paves the ways for the development of THz safety standards and THz therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga P. Cherkasova
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Novosibirsk State Technical University, Russian Federation
| | - Danil S. Serdyukov
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia F. Nemova
- Institute of Laser Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Ratushnyak
- Institute of Computational Technologies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Anna S. Kucheryavenko
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Irina N. Dolganova
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare,” Russian Federation
| | - Guofu Xu
- Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Engineering Physics, Canada
| | | | - Igor V. Reshetov
- Sechenov University, Institute for Cluster Oncology, Russian Federation
- Academy of Postgraduate Education FSCC FMBA, Russian Federation
| | - Peter S. Timashev
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare,” Russian Federation
- N.N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Department of Polymers and Composites, Russian Federation
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Spektor
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
| | - Kirill I. Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- Sechenov University, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Russian Federation
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russian Federation
| | - Valery V. Tuchin
- Saratov State University, Russian Federation
- Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
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Musina GR, Chernomyrdin NV, Gafarova ER, Gavdush AA, Shpichka AJ, Komandin GA, Anzin VB, Grebenik EA, Kravchik MV, Istranova EV, Dolganova IN, Zaytsev KI, Timashev PS. Moisture adsorption by decellularized bovine pericardium collagen matrices studied by terahertz pulsed spectroscopy and solid immersion microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5368-5386. [PMID: 34692188 PMCID: PMC8515980 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, terahertz (THz) pulsed spectroscopy and solid immersion microscopy were applied to study interactions between water vapor and tissue scaffolds-the decellularized bovine pericardium (DBP) collagen matrices, in intact form, cross-linked with the glutaraldehyde or treated by plasma. The water-absorbing properties of biomaterials are prognostic for future cell-mediated reactions of the recipient tissue with the scaffold. Complex dielectric permittivity of DBPs was measured in the 0.4-2.0 THz frequency range, while the samples were first dehydrated and then exposed to water vapor atmosphere with 80.0 ± 5.0% relative humidity. These THz dielectric measurements of DBPs and the results of their weighting allowed to estimate the adsorption time constants, an increase of tissue mass, as well as dispersion of these parameters. During the adsorption process, changes in the DBPs' dielectric permittivity feature an exponential character, with the typical time constant of =8-10 min, the transient process saturation at =30 min, and the tissue mass improvement by =1-3%. No statistically-relevant differences between the measured properties of the intact and treated DBPs were observed. Then, contact angles of wettability were measured for the considered DBPs using a recumbent drop method, while the observed results showed that treatments of DBP somewhat affects their surface energies, polarity, and hydrophilicity. Thus, our studies revealed that glutaraldehyde and plasma treatment overall impact the DBP-water interactions, but the resultant effects appear to be quite complex and comparable to the natural variability of the tissue properties. Such a variability was attributed to the natural heterogeneity of tissues, which was confirmed by the THz microscopy data. Our findings are important for further optimization of the scaffolds' preparation and treatment technologies. They pave the way for THz technology use as a non-invasive diagnosis tool in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Musina
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia
| | - N V Chernomyrdin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign & Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - E R Gafarova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign & Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - A A Gavdush
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia
| | - A J Shpichka
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign & Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - G A Komandin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia
| | - V B Anzin
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - E A Grebenik
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - M V Kravchik
- Scientific Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Russia
| | - E V Istranova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - I N Dolganova
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign & Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- Institute of Solid State Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
| | - K I Zaytsev
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
- Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
| | - P S Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- World-Class Research Center "Digital Biodesign & Personalized Healthcare", Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
- Department of Polymers and Composites, N. N. Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics, Russia
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Hough CM, Purschke DN, Bell C, Kalra AP, Oliva PJ, Huang C, Tuszynski JA, Warkentin BJ, Hegmann FA. Disassembly of microtubules by intense terahertz pulses. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:5812-5828. [PMID: 34692217 PMCID: PMC8515977 DOI: 10.1364/boe.433240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The biological effects of terahertz (THz) radiation have been observed across multiple levels of biological organization, however the sub-cellular mechanisms underlying the phenotypic changes remain to be elucidated. Filamentous protein complexes such as microtubules are essential cytoskeletal structures that regulate diverse biological functions, and these may be an important target for THz interactions underlying THz-induced effects observed at the cellular or tissue level. Here, we show disassembly of microtubules within minutes of exposure to extended trains of intense, picosecond-duration THz pulses. Further, the rate of disassembly depends on THz intensity and spectral content. As inhibition of microtubule dynamics is a mechanism of clinically-utilized anti-cancer agents, disruption of microtubule networks may indicate a potential therapeutic mechanism of intense THz pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron M. Hough
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - David N. Purschke
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Clayton Bell
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Aarat P. Kalra
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Currently with the Department of Chemistry, Frick Chemistry Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Patricia J. Oliva
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Chenxi Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Brad J. Warkentin
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
| | - Frank A. Hegmann
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada
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