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Leadley G, Austin T, Bale G. Review of measurements and imaging of cytochrome-c-oxidase in humans using near-infrared spectroscopy: an update. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 15:162-184. [PMID: 38223181 PMCID: PMC10783912 DOI: 10.1364/boe.501915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
This review examines advancements in the measurement and imaging of oxidized cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO) using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in humans since 2016. A total of 34 published papers were identified, with a focus on both adult and neonate populations. The NIRS-derived oxCCO signal has been demonstrated to correlate with physiological parameters and hemodynamics. New instrumentation, such as systems that allow the imaging of changes of oxCCO with diffuse optical tomography or combine the oxCCO measurement with diffuse correlation spectroscopy measures of blood flow, have advanced the field in the past decade. However, variability in its response across different populations and paradigms and lack of standardization limit its potential as a reliable and valuable indicator of brain health. Future studies should address these issues to fulfill the vision of oxCCO as a clinical biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Leadley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, UK
| | - Topun Austin
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gemma Bale
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, UK
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2
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Siddiqui M, Pinti P, Brigadoi S, Lloyd-Fox S, Elwell CE, Johnson MH, Tachtsidis I, Jones EJH. Using multi-modal neuroimaging to characterise social brain specialisation in infants. eLife 2023; 12:e84122. [PMID: 37818944 PMCID: PMC10624424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The specialised regional functionality of the mature human cortex partly emerges through experience-dependent specialisation during early development. Our existing understanding of functional specialisation in the infant brain is based on evidence from unitary imaging modalities and has thus focused on isolated estimates of spatial or temporal selectivity of neural or haemodynamic activation, giving an incomplete picture. We speculate that functional specialisation will be underpinned by better coordinated haemodynamic and metabolic changes in a broadly orchestrated physiological response. To enable researchers to track this process through development, we develop new tools that allow the simultaneous measurement of coordinated neural activity (EEG), metabolic rate, and oxygenated blood supply (broadband near-infrared spectroscopy) in the awake infant. In 4- to 7-month-old infants, we use these new tools to show that social processing is accompanied by spatially and temporally specific increases in coupled activation in the temporal-parietal junction, a core hub region of the adult social brain. During non-social processing, coupled activation decreased in the same region, indicating specificity to social processing. Coupling was strongest with high-frequency brain activity (beta and gamma), consistent with the greater energetic requirements and more localised action of high-frequency brain activity. The development of simultaneous multimodal neural measures will enable future researchers to open new vistas in understanding functional specialisation of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen Siddiqui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paola Pinti
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
- Department of Information Engineering, University of PadovaPadovaItaly
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark H Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of CambridgeCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Emily JH Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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3
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Siddiqui MF, Pinti P, Lloyd-Fox S, Jones EJH, Brigadoi S, Collins-Jones L, Tachtsidis I, Johnson MH, Elwell CE. Regional Haemodynamic and Metabolic Coupling in Infants. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 15:780076. [PMID: 35185494 PMCID: PMC8854371 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.780076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic pathways underlying brain function remain largely unexplored during neurodevelopment, predominantly due to the lack of feasible techniques for use with awake infants. Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) provides the opportunity to explore the relationship between cerebral energy metabolism and blood oxygenation/haemodynamics through the measurement of changes in the oxidation state of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase (ΔoxCCO) alongside haemodynamic changes. We used a bNIRS system to measure ΔoxCCO and haemodynamics during functional activation in a group of 42 typically developing infants aged between 4 and 7 months. bNIRS measurements were made over the right hemisphere over temporal, parietal and central cortical regions, in response to social and non-social visual and auditory stimuli. Both ΔoxCCO and Δ[HbO2] displayed larger activation for the social condition in comparison to the non-social condition. Integration of haemodynamic and metabolic signals revealed networks of stimulus-selective cortical regions that were not apparent from analysis of the individual bNIRS signals. These results provide the first spatially resolved measures of cerebral metabolic activity alongside haemodynamics during functional activation in infants. Measuring synchronised changes in metabolism and haemodynamics have the potential for uncovering the development of cortical specialisation in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheen F. Siddiqui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paola Pinti
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emily J. H. Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Liam Collins-Jones
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark H. Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E. Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Siddiqui MF, Brigadoi S, Collins-Jones L, Lloyd-Fox S, Jones EJH, Tachtsidis I, Johnson MH, Elwell CE. Imaging Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Healthy Infants. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1395:9-15. [PMID: 36527606 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-14190-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Broadband near-infrared spectroscopy (bNIRS) has the potential to provide non-invasive measures of cerebral haemodynamic changes alongside changes in cellular oxygen utilisation through the measurement of mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome-c-oxidase (oxCCO). It therefore provides the opportunity to explore brain function and specialisation, which remains largely unexplored in infancy. We used bNIRS to measure changes in haemodynamics and changes in oxCCO in 4-to-7-month-old infants over the occipital and right temporal and parietal cortices in response to social and non-social visual and auditory stimuli. Changes in concentration of oxygenated-haemoglobin (Δ[HbO2]), deoxygenated haemoglobin (Δ[HHb]) and change in the oxidation state of oxCCO (Δ[oxCCO]) were calculated using changes in attenuation of light at 120 wavelengths between 780 and900 nm, using the UCLn algorithm. For 4 infants, the attenuation changes in a subset of wavelengths were used to perform image reconstruction, in an age-matched infant model, for channels over the right parietal and temporal cortices, using a multispectral approach which allows direct reconstruction of concentration change data. The volumetric reconstructed images were mapped onto the cortical surface to visualise the reconstructed changes in concentration of HbO2 and HHb and changes in metabolism for both social and non-social stimuli. Spatially localised activation was observed for Δ[oxCCO] and Δ[HbO2] over the temporo-parietal region, in response to the social stimulus. This study provides the first reconstructed images of changes in metabolism in healthy, awake infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Siddiqui
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
| | - S Brigadoi
- Department of Development and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.,Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - L Collins-Jones
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Lloyd-Fox
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - E J H Jones
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Department of Psychology, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - I Tachtsidis
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M H Johnson
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C E Elwell
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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5
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Giannoni L, Lange F. A hyperspectral imaging system for mapping haemoglobin and cytochrome-c-oxidase concentration changes in the exposed cerebral cortex. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2021; 27:7400411. [PMID: 33716586 PMCID: PMC7116887 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2021.3053634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system using visible and near-infrared (NIR) light on the exposed cerebral cortex of animals, to monitor and quantify in vivo changes in the oxygenation of haemoglobin and in cellular metabolism via measurement of the redox states of cytochrome-c-oxidase (CCO). The system, named hNIR, is based on spectral scanning illumination at 11 bands (600, 630, 665, 784, 800, 818, 835, 851, 868, 881 and 894 nm), using a supercontinuum laser coupled with a rotating Pellin-Broca prism. Image reconstruction is performed with the aid of a Monte Carlo framework for photon pathlength estimation and post-processing correction of partial volume effects. The system is validated on liquid optical phantoms mimicking brain tissue haemodynamics and metabolism, and finally applied in vivo on the exposed cortex of mice undergoing alternating oxygenation challenges. The results of the study demonstrate the capacity of hNIR to map and quantify the haemodynamic and metabolic states of the exposed cortex at microvascular levels. This represents (to the best of our knowledge) the first example of simultaneous mapping and quantification of cerebral haemoglobin and CCO in vivo using visible and NIR HSI, which can potentially become a powerful tool for better understanding brain physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannoni
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Frédéric Lange
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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6
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Pinti P, Siddiqui MF, Levy AD, Jones EJH, Tachtsidis I. An analysis framework for the integration of broadband NIRS and EEG to assess neurovascular and neurometabolic coupling. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3977. [PMID: 33597576 PMCID: PMC7889942 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83420-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rapid growth of optical-based neuroimaging to explore human brain functioning, our research group has been developing broadband Near Infrared Spectroscopy (bNIRS) instruments, a technological extension to functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS). bNIRS has the unique capacity of monitoring brain haemodynamics/oxygenation (measuring oxygenated and deoxygenated haemoglobin), and metabolism (measuring the changes in the redox state of cytochrome-c-oxidase). When combined with electroencephalography (EEG), bNIRS provides a unique neuromonitoring platform to explore neurovascular coupling mechanisms. In this paper, we present a novel pipeline for the integrated analysis of bNIRS and EEG signals, and demonstrate its use on multi-channel bNIRS data recorded with concurrent EEG on healthy adults during a visual stimulation task. We introduce the use of the Finite Impulse Response functions within the General Linear Model for bNIRS and show its feasibility to statistically localize the haemodynamic and metabolic activity in the occipital cortex. Moreover, our results suggest that the fusion of haemodynamic and metabolic measures unveils additional information on brain functioning over haemodynamic imaging alone. The cross-correlation-based analysis of interrelationships between electrical (EEG) and haemodynamic/metabolic (bNIRS) activity revealed that the bNIRS metabolic signal offers a unique marker of brain activity, being more closely coupled to the neuronal EEG response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Pinti
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK ,grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - M. F. Siddiqui
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - A. D. Levy
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Headache and Facial Pain, Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - E. J. H. Jones
- grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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7
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Dutta A, Karanth SS, Bhattacharya M, Liput M, Augustyniak J, Cheung M, Stachowiak EK, Stachowiak MK. A proof of concept 'phase zero' study of neurodevelopment using brain organoid models with Vis/near-infrared spectroscopy and electrophysiology. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20987. [PMID: 33268815 PMCID: PMC7710726 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeostatic control of neuronal excitability by modulation of synaptic inhibition (I) and excitation (E) of the principal neurons is important during brain maturation. The fundamental features of in-utero brain development, including local synaptic E-I ratio and bioenergetics, can be modeled by cerebral organoids (CO) that have exhibited highly regular nested oscillatory network events. Therefore, we evaluated a 'Phase Zero' clinical study platform combining broadband Vis/near-infrared(NIR) spectroscopy and electrophysiology with studying E-I ratio based on the spectral exponent of local field potentials and bioenergetics based on the activity of mitochondrial Cytochrome-C Oxidase (CCO). We found a significant effect of the age of the healthy controls iPSC CO from 23 days to 3 months on the CCO activity (chi-square (2, N = 10) = 20, p = 4.5400e-05), and spectral exponent between 30-50 Hz (chi-square (2, N = 16) = 13.88, p = 0.001). Also, a significant effect of drugs, choline (CHO), idebenone (IDB), R-alpha-lipoic acid plus acetyl-L-carnitine (LCLA), was found on the CCO activity (chi-square (3, N = 10) = 25.44, p = 1.2492e-05), spectral exponent between 1 and 20 Hz (chi-square (3, N = 16) = 43.5, p = 1.9273e-09) and 30-50 Hz (chi-square (3, N = 16) = 23.47, p = 3.2148e-05) in 34 days old CO from schizophrenia (SCZ) patients iPSC. We present the feasibility of a multimodal approach, combining electrophysiology and broadband Vis-NIR spectroscopy, to monitor neurodevelopment in brain organoid models that can complement traditional drug design approaches to test clinically meaningful hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA.
| | | | | | - Michal Liput
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA
- Department of Stem Cells Bioengineering, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Augustyniak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA
- Department of Neurochemistry, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mancheung Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA
| | - Ewa K Stachowiak
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA
| | - Michal K Stachowiak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, 14260, USA.
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8
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Bale G, Mitra S, Tachtsidis I. Metabolic brain measurements in the newborn: Advances in optical technologies. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14548. [PMID: 32889790 PMCID: PMC7507543 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Neonatal monitoring in neonatal intensive care is pushing the technological boundaries of newborn brain monitoring in order to improve patient outcome. There is an urgent need of a cot side, real time monitoring for assessment of brain injury severity and neurodevelopmental outcome, in particular for term newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. This topical review discusses why brain tissue metabolic monitoring is important in this group of infants and introduces the currently used neuromonitoring techniques for metabolic monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). New optical techniques that can monitor changes in brain metabolism together with brain hemodynamics at the cot side are presented. Early studies from these emerging technologies have demonstrated their potential to deliver continuous information regarding cerebral physiological changes in sick newborn infants in real time. The promises of these new tools as well as their potential limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Bale
- Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Subhabrata Mitra
- Neonatology, EGA Institute for Women's HealthUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
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9
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Zhao H, Brigadoi S, Chitnis D, Vita ED, Castellaro M, Powell S, Everdell NL, Cooper RJ. A wide field-of-view, modular, high-density diffuse optical tomography system for minimally constrained three-dimensional functional neuroimaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:4110-4129. [PMID: 32923032 PMCID: PMC7449732 DOI: 10.1364/boe.394914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The ability to produce high-quality images of human brain function in any environment and during unconstrained movement of the subject has long been a goal of neuroimaging research. Diffuse optical tomography, which uses the intensity of back-scattered near-infrared light from multiple source-detector pairs to image changes in haemoglobin concentrations in the brain, is uniquely placed to achieve this goal. Here, we describe a new generation of modular, fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography technology that provides exceptional sensitivity, a large dynamic range, a field-of-view sufficient to cover approximately one-third of the adult scalp, and also incorporates dedicated motion sensing into each module. Using in-vivo measures, we demonstrate a noise-equivalent power of 318 fW, and an effective dynamic range of 142 dB. We describe the application of this system to a novel somatomotor neuroimaging paradigm that involves subjects walking and texting on a smartphone. Our results demonstrate that wearable high-density diffuse optical tomography permits three-dimensional imaging of the human brain function during overt movement of the subject; images of somatomotor cortical activation can be obtained while subjects move in a relatively unconstrained manner, and these images are in good agreement with those obtained while the subjects remain stationary. The scalable nature of the technology we described here paves the way for the routine acquisition of high-quality, three-dimensional, whole-cortex diffuse optical tomography images of cerebral haemodynamics, both inside and outside of the laboratory environment, which has profound implications for neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubin Zhao
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sabrina Brigadoi
- Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Danial Chitnis
- School of Engineering, Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Enrico De Vita
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King’s College London, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Marco Castellaro
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Samuel Powell
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Nicholas L. Everdell
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Robert J. Cooper
- DOT-HUB, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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10
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Karen T, Kleiser S, Ostojic D, Isler H, Guglielmini S, Bassler D, Wolf M, Scholkmann F. Cerebral hemodynamic responses in preterm-born neonates to visual stimulation: classification according to subgroups and analysis of frontotemporal-occipital functional connectivity. NEUROPHOTONICS 2019; 6:045005. [PMID: 31720310 PMCID: PMC6832016 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.6.4.045005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
How neurovascular coupling develops in preterm-born neonates has been largely neglected in scientific research. We measured visually evoked (flicker light) hemodynamic responses (HRs) in preterm-born neonates ( n = 25 , gestational age: 31.71 ± 3.37 weeks, postnatal age: 25.48 ± 23.94 days) at the visual cortex (VC) and left frontotemporal lobe (FTL) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) neuroimaging. We found that the HR characteristics show a large intersubject variability but could be classified into three groups according to the changes of oxyhemoglobin concentration at the VC [(A) increase, (B) decrease, or (C) inconclusive]. In groups A and B, the HRs at the left FTL were correlated with those at the VC, indicating the presence of a frontotemporal-occipital functional connectivity. Neonates in group A had a higher weight at measurement compared to those in group B, and had the lowest baseline total hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit compared to group C. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first fNIRS study showing (1) that the HRs of preterm-born neonates need to be classified into subgroups, (2) that the subgroups differed in terms of weight at measurement, and (3) that HRs can be observed also at the FTL during visual stimulation. These findings add insights into how neurovascular coupling develops in preterm-born neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Karen
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
- Address all correspondence to Tanja Karen, E-mail:
| | - Stefan Kleiser
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- OxyPrem AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Ostojic
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- OxyPrem AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Helene Isler
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabino Guglielmini
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Bassler
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
- OxyPrem AG, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Wheelock MD, Culver JP, Eggebrecht AT. High-density diffuse optical tomography for imaging human brain function. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:051101. [PMID: 31153254 PMCID: PMC6533110 DOI: 10.1063/1.5086809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the unique opportunities and challenges for noninvasive optical mapping of human brain function. Diffuse optical methods offer safe, portable, and radiation free alternatives to traditional technologies like positron emission tomography or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Recent developments in high-density diffuse optical tomography (HD-DOT) have demonstrated capabilities for mapping human cortical brain function over an extended field of view with image quality approaching that of fMRI. In this review, we cover fundamental principles of the diffusion of near infrared light in biological tissue. We discuss the challenges involved in the HD-DOT system design and implementation that must be overcome to acquire the signal-to-noise necessary to measure and locate brain function at the depth of the cortex. We discuss strategies for validation of the sensitivity, specificity, and reliability of HD-DOT acquired maps of cortical brain function. We then provide a brief overview of some clinical applications of HD-DOT. Though diffuse optical measurements of neurophysiology have existed for several decades, tremendous opportunity remains to advance optical imaging of brain function to address a crucial niche in basic and clinical neuroscience: that of bedside and minimally constrained high fidelity imaging of brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriah D. Wheelock
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
| | | | - Adam T. Eggebrecht
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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12
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Lange F, Dunne L, Hale L, Tachtsidis I. MAESTROS: A Multiwavelength Time-Domain NIRS System to Monitor Changes in Oxygenation and Oxidation State of Cytochrome-C-Oxidase. IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS : A PUBLICATION OF THE IEEE LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS SOCIETY 2019; 25:7100312. [PMID: 30450021 PMCID: PMC6054019 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2018.2833205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
We present a multiwavelength, multichannel, time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy system named MAESTROS. This instrument can measure absorption and scattering coefficients and can quantify the concentrations of oxy- and deoxy-haemoglobin ([HbO2], [HHb]), and oxidation state of cytochrome-c-oxidase ([oxCCO]). This system is composed of a supercontinuum laser source coupled with two acousto-optic tuneable filters. The light is collected by four photomultipliers tubes, connected to a router to redirect the signal to a single time-correlated single-photon counting card. The interface between the system and the tissue is based on optical fibres. This arrangement allows us to resolve up to 16 wavelengths, within the range of 650-900 nm, at a sampling rate compatible with the physiology (from 0.5 to 2 Hz). In this paper, we describe the system and assess its performance based on two specifically designed protocols for photon migration instruments, the basic instrument protocol and nEUROPt protocols, and on a well characterized liquid phantom based on Intralipid and water. Then, the ability to resolve [HbO2 ], [HHb], and [oxCCO] is demonstrated on a homogeneous liquid phantom, based on blood for [HbO2], [HHb], and yeast for [oxCCO]. In the future, the system could be used to monitor brain tissue physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Lange
- 1Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BTU.K
| | - Luke Dunne
- 1Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BTU.K
| | - Lucy Hale
- 2Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BTU.K
- 3Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JEU.K
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- 1Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 6BTU.K
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13
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Herold F, Wiegel P, Scholkmann F, Müller NG. Applications of Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Neuroimaging in Exercise⁻Cognition Science: A Systematic, Methodology-Focused Review. J Clin Med 2018; 7:E466. [PMID: 30469482 PMCID: PMC6306799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm7120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
For cognitive processes to function well, it is essential that the brain is optimally supplied with oxygen and blood. In recent years, evidence has emerged suggesting that cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics can be modified with physical activity. To better understand the relationship between cerebral oxygenation/hemodynamics, physical activity, and cognition, the application of state-of-the art neuroimaging tools is essential. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is such a neuroimaging tool especially suitable to investigate the effects of physical activity/exercises on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics due to its capability to quantify changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) non-invasively in the human brain. However, currently there is no clear standardized procedure regarding the application, data processing, and data analysis of fNIRS, and there is a large heterogeneity regarding how fNIRS is applied in the field of exercise⁻cognition science. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the current methodological knowledge about fNIRS application in studies measuring the cortical hemodynamic responses during cognitive testing (i) prior and after different physical activities interventions, and (ii) in cross-sectional studies accounting for the physical fitness level of their participants. Based on the review of the methodology of 35 as relevant considered publications, we outline recommendations for future fNIRS studies in the field of exercise⁻cognition science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
| | - Patrick Wiegel
- Department of Sport Science, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79117, Germany.
- Bernstein Center Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg 79104, Germany.
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zürich, Zürich 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg 39118, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg 39120, Germany.
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14
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Giannoni L, Lange F, Tachtsidis I. Hyperspectral imaging solutions for brain tissue metabolic and hemodynamic monitoring: past, current and future developments. JOURNAL OF OPTICS (2010) 2018; 20:044009. [PMID: 29854375 PMCID: PMC5964611 DOI: 10.1088/2040-8986/aab3a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technologies have been used extensively in medical research, targeting various biological phenomena and multiple tissue types. Their high spectral resolution over a wide range of wavelengths enables acquisition of spatial information corresponding to different light-interacting biological compounds. This review focuses on the application of HSI to monitor brain tissue metabolism and hemodynamics in life sciences. Different approaches involving HSI have been investigated to assess and quantify cerebral activity, mainly focusing on: (1) mapping tissue oxygen delivery through measurement of changes in oxygenated (HbO2) and deoxygenated (HHb) hemoglobin; and (2) the assessment of the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) to estimate oxygen consumption by brain tissue. Finally, we introduce future perspectives of HSI of brain metabolism, including its potential use for imaging optical signals from molecules directly involved in cellular energy production. HSI solutions can provide remarkable insight in understanding cerebral tissue metabolism and oxygenation, aiding investigation on brain tissue physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giannoni
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Frédéric Lange
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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15
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Highton D, Chitnis D, Brigadoi S, Phan P, Tachtsidis I, Cooper R, Everdell N, Hebden J, Smith M, Elwell CE. A Fibreless Multiwavelength NIRS System for Imaging Localised Changes in Cerebral Oxidised Cytochrome C Oxidase. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1072:339-343. [PMID: 30178368 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-91287-5_54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the oxidation state of cytochrome c oxidase (oxCCO) can inform directly on neuronal metabolism. Conventionally this has been measured in vivo using benchtop broadband near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) systems. Spatially resolved measures of oxCCO have recently been made possible using a multichannel fibre-based broadband NIRS system. We describe the use of a fibreless multiwavelength NIRS system using light emitting diodes (LED) designed specifically to image localised changes in oxCCO and hence neuronal metabolism. A fibreless system consisting of four modules, each containing two LED sources and four photodiode detectors, was developed. Each LED source contained eight LED dies (780, 811, 818, 842, 850, 882, 891 and 901 nm) assembled in an area of 1.5 × 1.5 mm. A well-established hyperoxia protocol was used to evaluate the oxCCO spatially resolved measurement capabilities of the system and, subsequently, its imaging capabilities were tested using a functional activation paradigm. A multi-spectral image reconstruction approach was used to provide images of Δ[HbO2], Δ[HHb] and Δ[oxCCO] from the multi-distance, multi-channel optical datasets. This novel fibreless multiwavelength NIRS system allows imaging of localised changes in oxCCO in the human brain, and has potential for development as an inexpensive, wearable, continuous monitor of cerebral energetics in a range of experimental and clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Highton
- Neurocritical Care Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Chitnis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - S Brigadoi
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK.,Department of Developmental and Social Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - P Phan
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - I Tachtsidis
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - R Cooper
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - N Everdell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - J Hebden
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK
| | - M Smith
- Neurocritical Care Unit, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK.,Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK.,NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - C E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, UCL, London, UK.
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