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Sanchez-Parcerisa D, Sanz-García I, Ibáñez P, España S, Espinosa A, Gutiérrez-Neira C, López A, Vera JA, Mazal A, Fraile LM, Udías JM. Radiochromic film dosimetry for protons up to 10 MeV with EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66. [PMID: 33910190 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abfc8d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Passive dosimetry with radiochromic films is widely used in proton radiotherapy, both in clinical and scientific environments, thanks to its simplicity, high spatial resolution and dose-rate independence. However, film under-response for low-energy protons, the so-called linear-energy transfer (LET) quenching, must be accounted and corrected for. We perform a meta-analysis on existing film under-response data with EBT, EBT2 and EBT3 GAFchromic™ films and provide a common framework to integrate it, based on the calculation of dose-averaged LET in the active layer of the films. We also report on direct measurements with the 10 MeV proton beam at the Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM) for EBT2, EBT3 and unlaminated EBT3 films, focusing on the 20-80 keVμm-1LET range, where previous data was scarce. Measured film relative efficiency (RE) values are in agreement with previously reported data from the literature. A model on film RE constructed with combined literature and own experimental values in the 5-80 keVμm-1LET range is presented, supporting the hypothesis of a linear decrease of RE with LET, with no remarkable differences between the three types of films analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Sanchez-Parcerisa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Sedecal Molecular Imaging, Algete, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Sanz-García
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paula Ibáñez
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel España
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.,Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carolina Gutiérrez-Neira
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain.,ALBA Synchrotron Light Source (CELLS-ALBA), Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfonso López
- Dept. de Radiofísica y Protección Radiológica, Hospital de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Vera
- Centro de Protonterapia de Quirónsalud, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Mazal
- Centro de Protonterapia de Quirónsalud, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Grupo de Física Nuclear, EMFTEL and IPARCOS, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CEI Moncloa, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
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Parham MD, Ahmad S, Jin H. Dosimetric Effect of Biozorb Markers for Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Proton Therapy. Int J Part Ther 2021; 7:19-28. [PMID: 33829070 PMCID: PMC8019574 DOI: 10.14338/ijpt-20-00077.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate dosimetric implications of biodegradable Biozorb (BZ) markers for proton accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) plans. Materials and Methods Six different BZs were placed within in-house breast phantoms to acquire computed tomography (CT) images. A contour correction method with proper mass density overriding for BZ titanium clip and surrounding tissue was applied to minimize inaccuracies found in the CT images in the RayStation planning system. Each breast phantom was irradiated by a monoenergetic proton beam (103.23 MeV and 8×8 cm2) using a pencil-beam scanning proton therapy system. For a range perturbation study, doses were measured at 5 depths below the breast phantoms by using an ionization chamber and compared to the RayStation calculations with 3 scenarios for the clip density: the density correction method (S1: 1.6 g/cm3), raw CT (S2), and titanium density (S3: 4.54 g/cm3). For the local dose perturbation study, the radiographic EDR2 film was placed at 0 and 2 cm below the phantoms and compared to the RayStation calculations. Clinical effects of the perturbations were retrospectively examined with 10 APBI plans for the 3 scenarios (approved by our institutional review board). Results In the range perturbation study, the S1 simulation showed a good agreement with the chamber measurements, while excess pullbacks of 1∼2 mm were found in the S2 and S3 simulations. The film study showed local dose shadowing and perturbation by the clips that RayStation could not predict. In the plan study, no significant differences in the plan quality were found among the 3 scenarios. However, substantial range pullbacks were observed for S3. Conclusion The density correction method could minimize the dose and range difference between measurement and RayStation prediction. It should be avoided to simply override the known physical density of the BZ clips for treatment planning owing to overestimation of the range pullback.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salahuddin Ahmad
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hosang Jin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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Setianegara J, Mazur TR, Yang D, Li HH. Dual-storage phosphor proton therapy dosimetry: Simultaneous quantification of dose and linear energy transfer. Med Phys 2021; 48:1941-1955. [PMID: 33525050 DOI: 10.1002/mp.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of using the high Zeff storage phosphor material BaFBrI:Eu2+ in conjunction with the low Zeff storage phosphor material KCl:Eu2+ for simultaneous proton dose and linear energy transfer (LET) measurements by (a) measuring the fundamental optical and dosimetric properties of BaFBrI:Eu2+ , (b) evaluating its compatibility in being readout simultaneously with KCl:Eu2+ dosimeters, and (c) modeling and validating its LET dependence under elevated proton LET irradiation. METHODS A commercial BaFBrI:Eu2+ storage phosphor detector (Model ST-VI, Fujifilm) was characterized with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to obtain its elemental composition. The dosimeters were irradiated using both a Mevion S250 proton therapy unit (at the center of a spread-out Bragg peak, SOBP) and a Varian Clinac iX linear accelerator with the latter being a low LET irradiation. The photostimulated luminescence (PSL) emission spectra, excitation spectra, and luminescent lifetimes of the detector were measured after proton and photon irradiations. Dosimetric properties including dose linearity, dose rate dependence, radiation hardness, temporal, and readout stabilities were studied using a laboratory optical reader after proton irradiations. In addition, its proton energy dependence was analytically modeled and experimentally validated by irradiating the detectors at various depths within the SOBP (Range: 15.0 g/cm2 , Modulation: 10.0 g/cm2 ). RESULTS The active detector composition for the high Zeff storage phosphor detector was found to be BaFBr0.85 I0.15 :Eu2+ . The BaFBr0.85 I0.15 :Eu2+ material's excitation and emission spectra were in agreement under proton and photon irradiations, with peaks of 586 ± 1 nm and 400 ± 1 nm, respectively, with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 119 ± 3 nm and 30 ± 2 nm, respectively. As dosimeter response under photon irradiation is generally believed to be free from LET effect, these results suggest LET independence of charge storage center types resulted from ionizing radiations. There is sufficient spectral overlaps with KCl:Eu2+ dosimeters allowing both dosimeters to be readout under equivalent readout conditions, that is, 594 nm stimulation and 420 nm detection wavelengths. Its PSL characteristic lifetime was found to be less than 5 microseconds which would make it suitable for fast 2D readout post irradiation. Its 420 nm emission band intensity was found to be linear up to 10 Gy absolute proton dose under the same irradiation conditions, dose rate independent, stable in time and under multiple readouts, and with high radiation hardness under cumulative proton dose histories up to 200 Gy as tested in this study. BaFBr0.85 I0.15 :Eu2+ showed significant proton energy-dependent dose under-response in regions of high LET which could be modeled by stopping power ratio calculations with an accuracy of 3% in low LET regions and a distance-to-agreement (DTA) of 1 mm in high LET regions (>5 keV/μm). CONCLUSION We have proven the feasibility of dual-storage phosphor proton dosimetry for simultaneous proton dose and LET measurements. BaFBr0.85 I0.15 :Eu2+ has shown equally excellent dosimetry performance as its low Zeff complement KCl:Eu2+ with distinctive LET dependence merely as a result of its higher Zeff . These promising results pave the way for future studies involving simultaneous proton dose and LET measurements using this novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jufri Setianegara
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Thomas R Mazur
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deshan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - H Harold Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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Setianegara J, Mazur TR, Maraghechi B, Darafsheh A, Yang D, Zhao T, Li HH. Quantitative proton radiation therapy dosimetry using the storage phosphor europium‐doped potassium chloride. Med Phys 2020; 47:5287-5300. [DOI: 10.1002/mp.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jufri Setianegara
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
- Department of Physics Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - Thomas R. Mazur
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - Borna Maraghechi
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - Deshan Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - Tianyu Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
| | - H. Harold Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
- Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis MO63110 USA
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Nishio T, Tachibana H, Kase Y, Hotta K, Nakamura M, Tamura M, Terunuma T, Toshito T, Yamashita H, Ishikura S, Fuji H, Akimoto T, Nishimura Y. Liver phantom design and dosimetric verification in participating institutions for a proton beam therapy in patients with resectable hepatocellular carcinoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG1315C). Radiother Oncol 2019; 140:98-104. [PMID: 31265942 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In Japan, the first domestic clinical trial of proton beam therapy for the liver was initiated as the Japan Clinical Oncology Group trial (JCOG1315C: Non-randomized controlled study comparing proton beam therapy and hepatectomy for resectable hepatocellular carcinoma). Purposes of this study were to develop a new dosimetric verification system and to carry out a credentialing for the JCOG1315C clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS Accuracy and differences in doses in proton treatment planning among participating institutions were surveyed and investigated. We designed and developed a suitable water tank-type liver phantom for a dosimetric verification of proton beam therapy for liver. In a visiting survey of five institutions participating in the clinical trial, we performed the dosimetric verification using the liver phantom and an air-filled ionization chamber. RESULTS The shape of the dose distributions calculated in proton treatment planning was characteristic and dependent on the manufacturers of the proton beam therapy system, the proton treatment planning system and the setup at the participating institutions. Widths of the lateral penumbra were 5.8-12.7 mm among participating institutions. The accuracy between the calculated and the measured doses in the proton irradiation was within 3% at five measurement points including both points on the isocenter and off the isocenter. CONCLUSIONS These findings confirmed the accuracy of the delivery doses in the institutions participating in the clinical trial, and the clinical trial with integration of all institutions (five institutions) could be initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiji Nishio
- Department of Medical Physics, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
| | - Hidenobu Tachibana
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yuki Kase
- Proton Therapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Kenji Hotta
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Information Technology and Medical Engineering, Human Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masaya Tamura
- Department of Medical Physics, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Toshiyuki Toshito
- Department of Proton Therapy Physics, Nagoya Proton Therapy Center, Nagoya City West Medical Center, Japan
| | - Haruo Yamashita
- Proton Therapy Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishikura
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya City University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fuji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Akimoto
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Particle Therapy, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama, Japan
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Padilla-Cabal F, Kuess P, Georg D, Palmans H, Fetty L, Fuchs H. Characterization of EBT3 radiochromic films for dosimetry of proton beams in the presence of magnetic fields. Med Phys 2019; 46:3278-3284. [PMID: 31055847 PMCID: PMC6852248 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiochromic film dosimetry is extensively used for quality assurance in photon and proton beam therapy. So far, GafchromicTM EBT3 film appears as a strong candidate to be used in future magnetic resonance (MR) based therapy systems. The response of Gafchromic EBT3 films in the presence of magnetic fields has already been addressed for different MR-linacs systems. However, a detailed evaluation of the influence of external magnetic fields on the film response and calibration curves for proton therapy has not yet been reported. This study aims to determine the dose responses of EBT3 films for clinical proton beams exposed to magnetic field strengths up to 1 T in order to investigate the feasibility of EBT3 film as an accurate dosimetric tool for a future MR particle therapy system (MRPT). METHODS The dosimetric characteristics of EBT3 films were studied for a proton beam passing through magnetic field strengths of B = 0, 0.5, and 1 T. Absorbed dose calibration and measurements were performed using clinical proton beams in the nominal energy range of 62.4-252.6 MeV. Irradiations were done using an in-house developed PMMA slab phantom placed in the center of a dipole research magnet. Monte Carlo (MC) simulations using the GATE/Geant4 toolkit were performed to predict the effect of magnetic fields on the energy deposited by proton beams in the phantom. Planned and measured doses from 3D box cube irradiations were compared to assess the accuracy of the dosimetric method using EBT3 films with/without the external magnetic field. RESULTS Neither for the mean pixel value nor for the net optical density, any significant deviations were observed due to the presence of an external magnetic field (B ≤ 1T) for doses up to 10 Gy. Dose-response curves for the red channel were fitted by a three-parameter function for the field-free case and for B = 1T, showing for both cases an R-square coefficient of unity and almost identical fitting parameters. Independently of the magnetic field, EBT3 films showed an under-response as high as 8% in the Bragg peak region, similarly to previously reported effects for particle therapy. No noticeable influence of the magnetic field strength was observed on the quenching effect of the EBT3 films. CONCLUSIONS For the first time detailed absorbed dose calibrations of EBT3 films for proton beams in magnetic field regions were performed. Results showed that EBT3 films represent an attractive solution for the dosimetry of a future MRPT system. As film response functions for protons are not affected by the magnetic field strenght, they can be used for further investigations to evaluate the dosimetric effects induced due to particle beams bending in magnetic fields regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Padilla-Cabal
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna/AKH, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Kuess
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna/AKH, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna/AKH, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hugo Palmans
- EBG MedAustron GmbH, Wiener Neustadt, Austria.,National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, TW 11 0LW, UK
| | - Lukas Fetty
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna/AKH, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hermann Fuchs
- Department of Radiotherapy, Medical University of Vienna/AKH, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Medical Radiation Research for Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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