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Pitetti K, Bertapelli F, Miller RA, Loovis M, do Amaral-Junior WD, de Barros-Filho MM, Guerra-Junior G. Strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity in youth with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY RESEARCH : JIDR 2024. [PMID: 38923135 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate skill levels of gross motor capacity affect activities of daily living, participation in recreational activities and general physical activity levels of youths (7-21 years). Most studies of typically developing youths have reported significant negative relationships between gross motor capacity and body mass index. The latter findings are especially of concern for youths with intellectual disabilities in that it has been estimated that 61% of children and 66% of adolescents were classified as overweight/obese. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity among youths with mild to moderate intellectual disability (ID). METHODS Components of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2) were used for designated aspects of gross motor capacity: six items for upper limb coordination (ULC); seven items for balance (BAL); six items for bilateral coordination (BLC); and one item for agility (A-2). Participants consisted of 654 youths (438 men), ages 8-21 years with ID. Participants were divided into pre-puberty and post-puberty men (post ≥12 years) and women (post ≥10 years of age). Body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was determined by height and weight measurements on the day of testing. A Kendall's tau correlation coefficient (τ) was used to determine the strength of the relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity (BOT-2 test scores). RESULTS The τ values for both pre-puberty and post-puberty for all BAL, BLC, A-2 tests and for three of the six ULC tests were negligible to very weak (τ = 0 to ±0.19). Higher τ values were seen for pre-puberty youths in three of the ULC tests, but they fell within the weak range (τ < 0.24). When combining all pre-puberty and post-puberty participants, τ values were in the negligible to very weak range for all tests. CONCLUSION The strength of relationship between body mass index and gross motor capacity as measured by the BOT-2 subtest item scores used in this study is very weak and suggests that they are not clinically relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pitetti
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, Wicxhita, KS, USA
| | - F Bertapelli
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - R A Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - M Loovis
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Education and Human Services, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | | | - G Guerra-Junior
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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Pitetti K, Bertapelli F, Miller RA, Jaeger A, Loovis EM, do Amaral-Junior WD, de Barros-Filho MM, Guerra-Junior G. Homogeneity in Motor Competence Among Youths With Intellectual Disability With and Without Down Syndrome. Pediatr Phys Ther 2024; 36:256-264. [PMID: 38568273 DOI: 10.1097/pep.0000000000001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine if there is a homogeneity of scores for youth with intellectual disability (ID) with and without Down syndrome (DS) in 19 test items of motor competence from the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-Second Edition (BOT-2). Homogeneity was defined as the means for each of the 19 test items scores by sex and the presence or absence of DS sharing the same population mean. METHOD Participants were 622 youth with ID aged 6 to 21 years. Items for bilateral coordination, balance, and upper limb coordination were examined using the BOT-2. RESULTS For all 19 BOT-2 items, means between youth with and without DS did not differ from the population mean. CONCLUSION These results potentiate the development of expected BOT-2 motor competence scores for youth with ID independent of the presence of DS for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Pitetti
- School of Medical Sciences (Drs Bertapelli, do Amaral-Junior, de Barros-Filho, and Guerra-Junior), University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil; Department of Physical Therapy (Dr Pitetti), College of Health Professions, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; Department of Biomedical Engineering (Ms Miller), College of Engineering, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas; Unaffiliated (Dr Jaeger); Department of Health and Human Performance (Dr Loovis), College of Education and Human Services, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Leyssens L, Van Hecke R, Moons K, Luypaert S, Danneels M, Patru J, Willems M, Maes L. Postural balance problems in people with intellectual disabilities: Do not forget the sensory input systems. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2021; 35:280-294. [PMID: 34693604 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This pilot study aimed to explore the impact of visual, auditory and vestibular dysfunctions on the postural balance performance in adults with intellectual disabilities. Additionally, a comparison was made between the subjects with intellectual disabilities and a control group concerning static and dynamic balance tasks. METHOD Thirty adults with intellectual disabilities and 25 control subjects received a postural balance assessment. Additionally, the experimental group was subjected to a visual, auditory and vestibular screening. RESULTS The experimental group performed significantly worse and/or showed more sway compared to the control group for all balance tasks (p < .01) except the timed up and go test. Within the experimental group, a significant positive correlation (rs (24) = 0.513, p = .007) was observed between the number of failed sensory screening items and the number of failed balance tasks. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest significant involvement of peripheral sensorial deficits in the balance problems that people with intellectual disabilities often experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Leyssens
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ruth Van Hecke
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karlien Moons
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Luypaert
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maya Danneels
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Julie Patru
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melina Willems
- Department of Audiology, Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Maes
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
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Comparing Motor Competence of Sex- and Age-Matched Youth With Intellectual Disability From Brazil and the United States. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2020; 37:423-440. [PMID: 32963125 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2019-0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth with intellectual disabilities (IDs) demonstrate below-criteria motor competence (MC) compared with typically developing (TD) youth. Whether differences in MC exist for youth with ID from different countries is unknown. This study examined the MC of youth with ID from Brazil (BR) and the United States (US) and compared it with norms for TD youth as established by the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency (BOT-2). The authors measured 19 BOT-2 test items for bilateral coordination, balance, and upper limb coordination of 502 youth (BR = 252, US = 250) with ID (6-21 years). Raw scores were converted to %ceiling (percentile of highest expected scores). For all test items, no significant differences were seen between BR and US participants in %ceiling scores. Participants from both countries demonstrated equivalent to slightly below BOT-2 norms in 14 of the 19 test items, with lowest scores seen in contralateral synchronizing bilateral coordination, balancing on one leg, and ball handling.
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Barros NP, Araújo DDS, Lima EBD, Carvalho IPD, Lima SDS, Costa LGT. EFFECTS OF KAYAKING ON MOTOR SKILLS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DOWN SYNDROME. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-869220202604220312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introdução A síndrome de Down (SD) é uma afecção genética que se caracteriza por distribuição numérica inadequada no pareamento cromossômico, com material genético extra relacionado com o par 21 que leva a alterações que afetam o desenvolvimento de diversos componentes motores. Objetivos Analisar os efeitos do treinamento de canoagem durante oito semanas sobre as habilidades motoras grossas em crianças e adolescentes com SD. Métodos Sete indivíduos com SD (10,8 ± 2 anos), quatro do sexo masculino e três do sexo feminino participaram do estudo. Para avaliar as habilidades motoras grossas, empregou-se a bateria de Teste de Coordenação Corporal para Crianças (Körperkoordination Test für Kinder, KTK). O teste de Wilcoxon foi usado para comparar os valores de habilidades motoras grossas antes e depois do KTK e o teste de Mann-Whitney foi usado para comparar os indivíduos por sexo. O tamanho do efeito foi calculado pela escala de Cohen (1977) e nível de significância de p < 0,05 foi adotado. Resultados Os indivíduos apresentaram resultados estatisticamente significativos em todas as tarefas do teste de coordenação motora grossa e o efeito produzido pela intervenção foi moderado. Conclusão Conclui-se que oito semanas de treinamento de canoagem são suficientes para produzir desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras grossas de crianças e adolescentes com Síndrome de Down. Nível de Evidência IV; Série de casos.
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Perez-Cruzado D, Gonzalez-Sanchez M, Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas A. Effects of obesity on balance in people with intellectual disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2020; 34:36-41. [PMID: 32715573 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM To know the differences in balance of people with intellectual disability with and without obesity. METHOD 549 people with intellectual disability were evaluated. Participants were categorized as obese or non-obese according to their body mass index. All participants were evaluated with tests for static and semi-static balance. RESULTS There were significant differences in the static balance between obese and non-obese people with intellectual disability. For women, there were not significant differences for any tests; in contrast for men, there were only significant differences in the SLSCE in people aged 37-46 years. CONCLUSIONS Significant differences were found in static balance between non-obese and obese people. In the analyses, in consideration of gender and age range, significant differences were only found in one static balance test, in the young adult men´s group. No significant differences were found in women, either in middle-aged adults or in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Perez-Cruzado
- Department of Phychiatry and Physiotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,Department of Occupational Therapy, Catholic University San Antonio, Murcia, Spain
| | - Manuel Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Phychiatry and Physiotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio Ignacio Cuesta-Vargas
- Department of Phychiatry and Physiotherapy, Institute of Biomedical Research of Malaga (IBIMA), University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain.,School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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