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Kong Z, Wei X, Shen M, Cheng Y, Feng J. Interval training has more negative effects on sleep in adolescent speed skaters: a randomized cross controlled trial. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1367190. [PMID: 38689870 PMCID: PMC11058656 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1367190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Sleep is an essential component of athletic performance and recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different types of high-intensity exercise on sleep parameters in adolescent speed skaters. Methods Eighteen male adolescent speed skaters underwent aerobic capacity testing, Wingate testing, and interval training in a randomized crossover design to assess strength output, heart rate, and blood lactate levels during exercise. Sleep quality after each type of exercise was evaluated using the Firstbeat Bodyguard 3 monitor. Results The results showed that Wingate testing and interval training led to decreased sleep duration, increased duration of stress, decreased RMSSD, and increased LF/HF ratio (p < 0.01). Conversely, aerobic capacity testing did not significantly affect sleep (p > 0.05). The impact of interval training on sleep parameters was more significant compared to aerobic capacity testing (p < 0.01) and Wingate testing (p < 0.01). Conclusion High-intensity anaerobic exercise has a profound impact on athletes' sleep, primarily resulting in decreased sleep duration, increased stress duration, decreased RMSSD, and increased LF/HF ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinhua Wei
- Zhejiang Qiangnao Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Shen
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cheng
- Ice Sports Management Center of Jilin Provincial Sports Bureau, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Junpeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
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Kong Z, Zhang H, Zhang M, Jia X, Yu J, Feng J, Zhang S. How to Test the On-Ice Aerobic Capacity of Speed Skaters? An On-Ice Incremental Skating Test for Young Skaters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2995. [PMID: 36833692 PMCID: PMC9959978 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic capacity is important for speed skaters to achieve good results in middle-long distance events. The technical characteristics of speed skating cause intermittent blood flow blockage in the lower limbs. Therefore, an athlete's aerobic capacity on ice may differ from that measured by cycling or running. Now, the on-ice aerobic capacity lacks methods for conducting aerobic capacity tests on ice. Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a method for measuring on-ice aerobic capacity for young athletes and to compare it with the VO2max test on cycling. Methods: This study established a test method for the on-ice aerobic capacity of young, high-level speed skaters with incremental load (on-ice incremental skating test, OIST) through expert interviews and literature review. In the first part, OIST was used to test the aerobic abilities of 65 youth professional speed skaters (51 males and 14 females) on ice and to explore the correlation with their specific performance. The second part compares the relationship between aerobic capacity on ice and aerobic capacity on bicycle of 18 young high-level male athletes. The third part establishes the regression formula of ice ventilation threshold heart rate. The OIST established in this study can evaluate the on-ice aerobic capacity of athletes from National Level and Level 1&2 in China. The athletes' on-ice aerobic capacity indicators were significantly lower than those of the cycling test. However, the values of absolute VO2max and absolute ventilatory threshold had a high correlation (R = 0.532, p < 0.05; R = 0.584, p < 0.05). The regression formula of ventilatory threshold heart rate on ice = 0.921 × HRmax (Cycling test) -9.243. The OIST established in this study meets the characteristics and requirements of the VO2max measurement method. The OIST seems to be able to better evaluate the aerobic capacity of athletes skating on ice. The indicators of maximum oxygen uptake and ventilation threshold in OIST were significantly lower than those in the aerobic cycling test, but there was a good correlation. The aerobic cycling test can be used as an important selection index of the ice aerobic capacity of speed skaters. The regression formula will provide an important basis for coaches to accurately monitor the intensity of ice training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxing Kong
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Xiao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jingjing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junpeng Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shouwei Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
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Park JJ, Lee HS, Kim JH. Effect of Acute Self-Myofascial Release on Pain and Exercise Performance for Cycling Club Members with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192315993. [PMID: 36498062 PMCID: PMC9740901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cycling is a popular sport, and the cycling population and prevalence of related injuries and diseases increase simultaneously. Iliotibial band friction syndrome is a common chronic overuse injury caused by repetitive knee use in cycling. Self-myofascial release using foam rollers is an effective intervention for this syndrome; however, studies reporting positive results on self-myofascial release in cycling are limited. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of self-myofascial release on pain and iliotibial band flexibility, heart rate, and exercise performance (cadence, power, and record) in adult male cyclists with iliotibial band friction syndrome. We evaluated the pain and exercise ability of the control (n = 11) and self-myofascial release (n = 11) groups before and after cycling twice. Significant differences were observed in the pain scale, the iliotibial band flexibility, and cycling pain and power. The posterior cadence of the self-myofascial release group was 3.2% higher than that of the control group. The control group's record time increased by 74.64 s in the second cycling session compared to the first cycling session, while that of the self-myofascial release group decreased by 30.91 s in the second cycling session compared to the first cycling session. Self-myofascial release is effective in relieving pain and may improve cycling performance by increasing the iliotibial band flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Jin Park
- GYMNOW Fitness, Seoul 04417, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Sung Lee
- Department of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Kim
- Department of Physical Education, College of Performing Arts and Sport, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2220-1325
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Ferná Ortega JA, Mendoza Romero D, Sarmento H, Prieto Mondragón L, Rodríguez Buitrago JA. Relationship between Dynamic and Isometric Strength, Power, Speed, and Average Propulsive Speed of Recreational Athletes. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040079. [PMID: 36278740 PMCID: PMC9589991 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the type of relationship between measures of maximal force (dynamic and isometric), maximal power, and mean propulsive velocity. In total, 355 recreational athletes, 96 women (age 20.5 ± 2.5 years; height 158.2 ± 17.3 cm; weight 61.8 ± 48.4 kg) and 259 men (age 21.0 ± 2.6 years; height 170.5 ± 12.6 cm; weight 65.9 ± 9.2 kg) were evaluated in three sessions separated by 72 h each in isometric midthigh pull exercise (ISOS) (kg), bench press maximum strength (1RM MSBP) (kg), jump height (CMJ) (m), and maximum pedaling power (WT) the maximum squat strength (1RM MSS) (kg), the mean propulsive velocity in the bench press (MPVBP) (m·s-1), and the peak power (PPBP) (w), mean propulsive squat velocity (MPVS) (m·s-1), peak power (PP) (w), maximum handgrip force (ISOHG) (kg), and 30 m movement speed (V30) (s). Significant correlations (p ≤ 0.01) were identified between 95% of the various manifestations of force, and only 5% presented a significance of p ≤ 0.05; however, when the magnitude of these correlations is observed, there is great heterogeneity. In this sense, the dynamic strength tests present the best correlations with the other strength and power tests used in the present study, followed by PPBP and PP. The results of this study complement what is reported in the literature regarding the correlation between different types of force manifestations being heterogeneous and contradictory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jairo Alejandro Ferná Ortega
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
- Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Educación Física, Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Street 72 #11-86, Bogotá 110321, Colombia
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +571-300-207-9453
| | - Dario Mendoza Romero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte, Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina, Street 69 #15-40, Bogotá 110211, Colombia
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura Prieto Mondragón
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Ciencias Aplicadas y Ambientales, Street 222 #55-17, Bogotá 668470, Colombia
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Stuart A, Cochrane-Snyman KC. Strength Training and Development in Competitive Speed Skating. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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6
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Atan T. Effect of music on recovery after an anaerobic exercise. ISOKINET EXERC SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/ies-200254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: For years, the effects of music on exercise performance have been researched. Recovery is extremely important for athletes, and therefore any factor that could affect it is of importance. BACKGROUND: To assess the influence of listening to music on recovery after an anaerobic-exercise. METHOD: 25 male athletes (age 21.76 ± 1.84 years) visited the laboratory on two occasions over a week. They performed the Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) test on two identical conditions but recovery was conducted ‘with’ and ‘without’ listening to music. Blood Lactate concentration values were determined at 1, 5, 10 and 15 minutes during the recovery from the exercise. Heart Rate (HR) values were determined every minute of the 15 minutes of recovery. RESULTS: There was no difference in the mean blood lactate concentration and HR during the recovery with and without music (p> 0.05). Results showed no significant differences between 2 recovery conditions in heart rate or blood lactate. CONCLUSIONS: Music cannot improve recovery after anaerobic performance and it cannot be used as a mean to enhance recovery after an anaerobic-performance.
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Rębiś K, Sadowska D, Starczewski M, Klusiewicz A. Usefulness of Portable Device to Establish Differences in Muscle Oxygenation Between the Wingate Test and Graded Exercise Test: Effect of Gender on Anaerobic and Aerobic Capacity in Speed Skaters. Front Physiol 2022; 13:809864. [PMID: 35350695 PMCID: PMC8957968 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.809864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the oxygenation response in the vastus lateralis muscle (SmO2) in two types of tests: supramaximal and maximal. Furthermore, gender differences in SmO2 response to test exercise were assessed and the usefulness of muscle oxygenation measurements in the assessment of anaerobic and aerobic capacity was determined. The Wingate test (WAnT) and the graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion were performed on a cycle ergometer to examine 13 female and 14 male speed skaters from the junior and U23 national teams. During both tests, SmO2 of the vastus lateralis muscle was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy at baseline (at rest or post warm-up), at exercise, and during recovery. The most significant SmO2 indices (differences between baseline and post-exercise indices and half time for SmO2 to reach the maximal post-exercise value) were not significantly different between the tests. Gender was also not a differentiating factor in muscle oxygenation regardless of test type. In the GXT test, half time required for SmO2 to reach the maximal value correlated negatively with VO2max and test duration, thus confirming the usefulness of SmO2 measurements in the assessment of the aerobic capacity of speed skaters. In contrast, the WAnT test showed no significant correlations between exercise indices and muscle oxygenation indices. From the standpoint of the assessment of anaerobic capacity, SmO2 measurements showed little diagnostic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Rębiś
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Sadowska
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Starczewski
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Sport - National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Rehabilitation, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Klusiewicz
- Faculty of Physical Education and Health, Biała Podlaska, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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8
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Hirsch A, Bieleke M, Bertschinger R, Schüler J, Wolff W. Struggles and strategies in anaerobic and aerobic cycling tests: A mixed-method approach with a focus on tailored self-regulation strategies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0259088. [PMID: 34705866 PMCID: PMC8550367 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0259088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance sports pose a plethora of mental demands that exercisers have to deal with. Unfortunately, investigations of exercise-specific demands and strategies to deal with them are insufficiently researched, leading to a gap in knowledge about athletic requirements and strategies used to deal with them. Here, we investigated which obstacles exercisers experience during an anaerobic (Wingate test) and an aerobic cycling test (incremental exercise test), as well as the strategies they considered helpful for dealing with these obstacles (qualitative analysis). In addition, we examined whether thinking of these obstacles and strategies in terms of if-then plans (or implementation intentions; i.e., "If I encounter obstacle O, then I will apply strategy S!") improves performance over merely setting performance goals (i.e., goal intentions; quantitative analysis). N = 59 participants (age: M = 23.9 ± 6.5 years) performed both tests twice in a 2-within (Experimental session: 1 vs. 2) × 2-between (Condition: goal vs. implementation intention) design. Exercisers' obstacles and strategies were assessed using structured interviews in Session 1 and subjected to thematic analysis. In both tests, feelings of exertion were the most frequently stated obstacle. Motivation to do well, self-encouragement, and focus on the body and on cycling were frequently stated strategies in both tests. There were also test-specific obstacles, such as boredom reported in the aerobic test. For session 2, the obstacles and strategies elicited in Session 1 were used to specify if-then plans. Bayesian mixed-factor ANOVA suggests, however, that if-then plans did not help exercisers to improve their performance. These findings shed novel light into the mental processes accompanying endurance exercise and the limits they pose on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hirsch
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Maik Bieleke
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Raphael Bertschinger
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia Schüler
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Wanja Wolff
- Department of Sport Science, Sport Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Educational Psychology, Institute of Educational Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Grgic J. Effects of Sodium Bicarbonate Ingestion on Measures of Wingate Test Performance: A Meta-Analysis. J Am Coll Nutr 2020; 41:1-10. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1850370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jozo Grgic
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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10
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Training Distribution in 1500-m Speed Skating: A Case Study of an Olympic Gold Medalist. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2020; 16:149-153. [PMID: 33004683 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
At the Olympic level, optimally distributing training intensity is crucial for maximizing performance. PURPOSE The authors evaluated the effect of training-intensity distribution on anaerobic power as a substitute for 1500-m speed-skating performance in the 4 y leading up to an Olympic gold medal. METHODS During the preparation phase of the speed-skating season, anaerobic power was recorded periodically (n = 15) using the mean power (in watts) with a 30-s Wingate test. For each training session in the 4 wk prior to each Wingate test, the volume (in hours), training type (specific, simulation, nonspecific, and strength training), and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE; CR-10) were recorded. RESULTS Compared with the 8 lowest, the 7 highest-scoring tests were preceded by a significantly (P < .01) higher volume of strength training. Furthermore, the RPE distribution of the number of nonspecific training sessions was significantly different (P < .01). Significant (P < .05) correlations highlighted that a larger nonspecific training volume in the lower intensities RPE 2 (r = .735) and 3 (r = .592) was associated positively and the medium intensities RPE 4 (r = -.750) and 5 (r = -.579) negatively with Wingate performance. CONCLUSION For the subject, the best results were attained with a high volume of strength training and the bulk of nonspecific training at RPE 2 and 3, and specifically not at the adjoining RPE 4 and 5. These findings are surprising given the aerobic nature of training at RPE 2 and 3 and the importance of anaerobic capacity in this middle-distance event.
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Ktenidis CK, Margaritelis NV, Cherouveim ED, Stergiopoulos DC, Malliou VJ, Geladas ND, Nikolaidis MG, Paschalis V. Priming exercise increases Wingate cycling peak power output. Eur J Sport Sci 2020; 21:705-713. [PMID: 32449458 DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2020.1765026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of priming exercise on Wingate performance and fatigue. METHODS Twelve recreationally active young male volunteers participated in the study (age: 25 ± 5 years; weight: 75.0 ± 7.5 kg; height: 177 ± 6 cm; BMI: 24.0 ± 1.7). During a first visit, participants performed a typical V˙O2max test and a supramaximal assessment of V˙O2max on a cycle ergometer, while during the next three visits, the participants performed in a random order a Wingate test (i) with no priming exercise, (ii) after priming exercise followed by a 15-min recovery (Priming15) and (iii) after priming exercise followed by a 30-min recovery (Priming30). Priming exercise lasted 6 min, at work rate corresponding to the gas exchange threshold (GET) plus 70% of the difference between the GET and V˙O2max. RESULTS The Priming 30 condition exhibited greater peak power output (595 ± 84 W) compared to the control (567 ± 85 W) and the Priming15 condition (569 ± 95 W) (P < .05). Regarding fatigue index, a tendency towards increased resistance to fatigue was observed in the Priming30 condition compared to the control and the Priming15 conditions (P = .072). Pre-Wingate lactate levels were found to be significantly different between the Priming15 (7.18 ± 3.09 mmol/L) and the Priming30 (4.87 ± 2.11 mmol/L) conditions (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Priming exercise of high intensity followed by a prolonged recovery leads to increased peak power in a subsequent Wingate test. Moreover, our data are consistent with the idea that a priming exercise-induced modest increase in blood lactate concentration at the onset of the following criterion bout is a key factor of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos K Ktenidis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Dialysis Unit, 424 General Military Hospital of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evgenia D Cherouveim
- Sports Excellence, 1st Orthopaedic Dept, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris C Stergiopoulos
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki J Malliou
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos D Geladas
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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12
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Shalfawi SAI, Enoksen E, Myklebust H. Acute Effect of Quadriceps Myofascial Tissue Rolling Using A Mechanical Self-Myofascial Release Roller-Massager on Performance and Recovery in Young Elite Speed Skaters. Sports (Basel) 2019; 7:sports7120246. [PMID: 31817865 PMCID: PMC6955859 DOI: 10.3390/sports7120246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of myofascial tissue rolling on endurance performance and recovery using a novel designed mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager. Methods: a randomized crossover, repeated measure design was used. Eight national levelled, junior and neo-senior, speed skaters underwent a 10 min myofascial quadriceps rolling pre- and fifteen minutes post- a stepwise incremental cycling-test to exhaustion followed by a Wingate performance-test. The myofascial quadriceps rolling was used in one out of two laboratory testing-days. Time to exhaustion, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), blood lactate concentration during 30 min of recovery, and peak- and mean- power during the consecutive Wingate test were recorded. Results: Myofascial quadriceps rolling using roller-massager resulted in higher blood lactate concentration at exhaustion and a larger blood lactate clearance after 10 min to post exhaustion test (both p < 0.05), a tendency for a positive effect on Wingate peak-power (p = 0.084; d = 0.71), whereas no marked differences were observed on VO2peak, time to exhaustion and Wingate mean-power. Conclusion: Despite indications for potential benefits of the quadriceps myofascial tissue release using the mechanical self-induced multi-bar roller-massager on blood lactate concentration and Wingate peak-power, the myofascial tissue release gave no marked performance improvements nor indications of negative effects. Future studies could examine the long-term effects of myofascial tissue release on performance and recovery. Furthermore, integrating a measure of the participants’ subjective experience pre- and post the myofascial tissue release would be of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaher A. I. Shalfawi
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
- Correspondence:
| | - Eystein Enoksen
- Department of Physical performance, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, 0806 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Håvard Myklebust
- Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway;
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Abstract
Maximal aerobic and anaerobic power are crucial performance determinants in most sport disciplines. Numerous studies have published power data from elite athletes over the years, particularly in runners, cyclists, rowers, and cross-country (XC) skiers. This invited review defines the current "world records" in human upper limits of aerobic and anaerobic power. Currently, [Formula: see text]max values of ∼7.5 and 7.0 L·min-1 in male XC skiers and rowers, respectively, and/or ∼90 mL·kg-1·min-1 in XC skiers, cyclists, and runners can be described as upper human limits for aerobic power. Corresponding values for women are slightly below 5.0 L·min-1 in rowers and XC skiers and ∼80 mL·kg-1·min-1 in XC skiers and runners. Extremely powerful male athletes may reach ∼85 W·kg-1 in countermovement jump (peak vertical power) and ∼36 W·kg-1 in sprint running (peak horizontal power), cycling (instantaneous power during force-velocity testing from a standing position), and rowing (instantaneous power). Similarly, their female counterparts may reach ∼70 W·kg-1 in countermovement jump and ∼30 W·kg-1 in sprint running, cycling, and rowing. The presented values can serve as reference values for practitioners and scientists working with elite athletes. However, several methodological considerations should be taken into account when interpreting the results. For example, calibrated apparatus and strict procedures are required to ensure high measurement validity and reliability, and the sampling rate for anaerobic power assessments must be strictly predetermined and carefully measured. Doping is also a potential confounding factor when interpreting the human upper limits of aerobic and anaerobic power.
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