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Mioto AM, Wolf R, Stein AM, Dos Santos GDOR, Ugrinowitsch C, Pereira G. Exercise training effect on skeletal muscle motor drive in older adults: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105489. [PMID: 38851093 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The meta-analysis aimed to determine whether exercise training can positively change indices of motor drive, i.e., the input from the central nervous system to the muscle, and how training characteristics, motor drive assessment, assessed muscle, and testing specificity could modulate the changes in motor drive in older adults. A random-effect meta-analysis model using standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) determined treatment effects. Moderators (e.g., training type and intensity) and meta-regressors (e.g., number of sessions) were performed using mixed- and fixed-effect models. A significant Q-test, followed by pairwise post hoc comparisons, determined differences between levels of the categorical moderators. Methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Ten randomized controlled trials, 290 older adults, met the inclusion criteria. Only strength and power exercise training were retrieved from the search and included in the analysis. Strength (g = 0.60, 95 % CI 0.24 to 0.96) and power training (g = 0.51, 95 % CI 0.02 to 1.00) increased motor drive compared with a control condition. High (g = 0.66; 95 % CI 0.34 to 0.97) and low-high (g = 1.23; 95 % CI 0.19 to 2.27) combinations of training intensities increased motor drive compared to the control condition. The multi-joint training and testing exercise structure (g = 1.23; 95 % CI 0.79 to 1.67) was more effective in increasing motor drive (Qdf=2 = 14.15; p = 0.001) than the multi-single joint structure (g = 0.46; 95 % CI 0.06 to 0.85). Therefore, strength and power training with high volume and intensity associated with multi-joint training and testing combination of exercises seem to improve skeletal muscle motor drive in older adults effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alline Mardegan Mioto
- Federal University of Parana, Physical Education Department, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
| | - Renata Wolf
- Federal University of Parana, Physical Education Department, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Angelica Miki Stein
- Federal University of Parana, Physical Education Department, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil; Federal University of Technology - Parana, Physical Education Department, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- University of São Paulo, School of Physical Education and Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Federal University of Parana, Physical Education Department, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Lopez P, Rech A, Petropoulou M, Newton RU, Taaffe DR, Galvão DA, Turella DJP, Freitas SR, Radaelli R. Does High-Velocity Resistance Exercise Elicit Greater Physical Function Benefits Than Traditional Resistance Exercise in Older Adults? A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 79 Trials. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2023; 78:1471-1482. [PMID: 36378500 PMCID: PMC10395570 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A systematic review and network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of different modes of resistance exercise velocity in fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests in older adults. METHODS CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases were searched up to February 2022. Eligible randomized trials examined the effects of supervised high-velocity or traditional resistance exercise in older adults (ie, ≥60 years). The primary outcome for this review was physical function measured by fast walking speed, timed-up and go, 5-times sit-to-stand, 30-second sit-to-stand, and 6-minute walking tests, while maximal muscle power and muscle strength were secondary. A random-effects network meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the effects of different resistance exercise interventions. RESULTS Eighty articles describing 79 trials (n = 3 575) were included. High-velocity resistance exercise was the most effective for improving fast walking speed (standardized mean difference [SMD] -0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.00 to 0.87), timed-up and go (SMD -0.76, 95% CI: -1.05 to -0.47), and 5-times sit-to-stand (SMD -0.74, 95% CI: -1.20 to -0.27), while traditional resistance exercise was the most effective for 30-second sit-to-stand (SMD 1.01, 95% CI: 0.68 to 1.34) and 6-minute walking (SMD 0.68, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.03). CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that resistance exercise velocity effects are specific in older adults, as evidenced by physical function test dependence. We suggest that prescriptions based on the velocity of contraction should be individualized to address the specific functional needs of participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Lopez
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anderson Rech
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maria Petropoulou
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Douglas J P Turella
- Curso de Educação Física, Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caxias do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandro R Freitas
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
| | - Régis Radaelli
- Neuromuscular Research Lab, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Cruz Quebrada Dafundo, Portugal
- CIPER, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisboa, Cruz Quebrada, Dafundo, Portugal
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Power Training Prescription in Older Individuals: Is It Safe and Effective to Promote Neuromuscular Functional Improvements? Sports Med 2023; 53:569-576. [PMID: 36036337 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Muscle power has been reported to be critical in counteracting age-related declines in functional performance. Muscle power output in functional performance exercises can be greatly improved in a short period of time (i.e., ≤ 12 weeks) using specific exercise interventions such as power training (i.e., exercises attempting to move loads ranging from 20 to 70% of 1-repetition maximum as fast as possible during the concentric muscle action, followed by a controlled, slower eccentric muscle action). Despite the widespread evidence on the effectiveness of power training in older adults (~ 300 scientific articles published on this topic in the past 10 years), some scientists do not recommend the use of explosive-type muscular contractions during resistance training (i.e., power training) for the older population; indeed, some international guidelines do not mention this type of exercise for older people. The reasons underlying this absence of mention and recommendation for the use of power training as a fundamental exercise strategy for older people are still not well known. Therefore, we attempted to point out the main issues about safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of muscle power training to promote neuromuscular functional improvements in older people.
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Yang Y, Wang G, Zhang S, Wang H, Zhou W, Ren F, Liang H, Wu D, Ji X, Hashimoto M, Wei J. Efficacy and evaluation of therapeutic exercises on adults with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:813. [PMID: 36271367 PMCID: PMC9587576 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Exercises are an effective treatment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is still controversy over which types should be used. We aimed to compare and rank the types of exercise that improve PD symptoms by quantifying information from randomised controlled trials. Methods We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis and searched PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) from their inception date to June 30, 2022. We included randomized controlled trials of 24 types of exercise for the interventional treatment of adults (≥ 50 years old) with PD. Effect size measures were standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% credible intervals (CrIs). The confidence of evidence was examined using Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA). Results We identified 10 474 citations and included 250 studies involving 13 011 participants. Results of NMA showed that power training (PT) had the best benefits for motor symptoms compared with the control group (CON), with SMDs (95% CrI) (-1.46, [-2.18 to -0.74]). Body weight support treadmill training (BWS_TT) showed the best improvement in balance (1.55, [0.72 to 2.37]), gait velocity (1.15 [0.57 to 1.31]) and walking distance (1.96, [1.18 to 2.73]), and robotic assisted gait training (RA_GT) had the most benefits for freezing of gait (-1.09, [-1.80 to -0.38]). For non-motor symptoms, Dance showed the best benefits for depression (-1.71, [-2.79 to -0.73]). Only Yoga significantly reduced anxiety symptom compared with CON (-0.53, [0.96 to -0.11]). Only resistance training (RT) significantly enhanced sleep quality and cognition (-1.42, [-2.60 to -0.23]; 0.51, [0.09 to 0.94]). For muscle strength, PT showed the best advance (1.04, [0.64 to 1.44]). For concern of falling, five types of exercise were more effective than CON. Conclusions There is low quality evidence that PT, Yoga, BWS_TT, Dance, and RT are the most effective treatments, pending outcome of interest, for adults with PD. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42021220052). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12877-022-03510-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Yang
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Shunhe District, Henan University, 85 Minglun Rd, Kaifeng City, 475001, China.,Laboratory of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Guotuan Wang
- Laboratory of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- Department of Police Physical Education, Jiangsu Police Institute, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi 'an, China
| | - Wensheng Zhou
- College of Physical Education, Nanjing Xiao-Zhuang University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feifei Ren
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Liang
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Shunhe District, Henan University, 85 Minglun Rd, Kaifeng City, 475001, China.,Henan Medical School, Parkinson's Disease Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dongdong Wu
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Shunhe District, Henan University, 85 Minglun Rd, Kaifeng City, 475001, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xinying Ji
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Shunhe District, Henan University, 85 Minglun Rd, Kaifeng City, 475001, China.,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya Ku, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Tokyo, 1560057, Japan
| | - Jianshe Wei
- Institute for Brain Sciences Research, School of Life Sciences, Shunhe District, Henan University, 85 Minglun Rd, Kaifeng City, 475001, China. .,Laboratory of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation, School of Physical Education and Sport, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, China. .,Henan Medical School, Parkinson's Disease Research Center, Henan University, Kaifeng, China. .,Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, Henan Medical School, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
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Balachandran AT, Steele J, Angielczyk D, Belio M, Schoenfeld BJ, Quiles N, Askin N, Abou-Setta AM. Comparison of Power Training vs Traditional Strength Training on Physical Function in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2211623. [PMID: 35544136 PMCID: PMC9096601 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.11623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Strength training exercise is recommended for improving physical function in older adults. However, whether strength training (lifting and lowering weights under control) and power training (PT) (lifting weights fast and lowering under control) are associated with improved physical function in older adults is not clear. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether PT vs traditional strength training is associated with physical function improvement in older adults. DATA SOURCES Systematic searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central, CINAHL, PsycInfo, PEDro, and SPORTDiscus were conducted from database inception to October 20, 2021. STUDY SELECTION Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that compared strength training with instructions to move the weight as fast as possible in the lifting phase with traditional strength training in healthy, community-living older adults (age ≥60 years). DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently selected trials, extracted data, assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool 2, and assessed the certainty of the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Summary effect size measures were calculated using a multilevel random-effects model with cluster robust variance estimation and are reported as standardized mean differences (SMDs). Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes included physical function and self-reported physical function. Secondary outcomes included power, strength, muscle mass, walk speed, balance, and adverse effects. RESULTS A total of 20 RCTs enrolling 566 community-living older adults (mean [SD] age, 70.1 [4.8] years; 368 [65%] women) were included. For the primary outcomes, PT was associated with an improvement in physical function with low-certainty evidence in 13 RCTs (n = 383) (SMD, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.05-0.54) and self-reported function with low-certainty evidence in 3 RCTs (n = 85) (SMD, 0.38; 95% CI, -0.62 to 1.37). The evidence was downgraded by 2 levels for high risk of bias and imprecision for physical function and very serious imprecision for self-reported physical function. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In this systematic review and meta-analysis, PT was associated with a modest improvement in physical function compared with traditional strength training in healthy, community-living older adults. However, high-quality, larger RCTs are required to draw more definitive conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop T. Balachandran
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
| | - James Steele
- School of Sport, Health, and Social Sciences, Solent University, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Angielczyk
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
| | - Mark Belio
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Brad J. Schoenfeld
- Health Sciences Department, The City University of New York Lehman College, Bronx, New York
| | - Norberto Quiles
- Department of Family, Nutrition, and Exercise Sciences, Queens College, The City University of New York, Flushing, New York
| | - Nicole Askin
- Neil John Maclean Health Sciences Library, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Ahmed M. Abou-Setta
- George and Fay Yee Center for Healthcare Innovation, Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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The Effects of High-Speed Resistance Training on Health Outcomes in Independent Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095390. [PMID: 35564788 PMCID: PMC9099943 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human ageing involves several physiological impairments—in particular, a decrease in sensorimotor function and changes in the nervous system reduce muscle strength, power, balance, and functional capacity performance. Preventive strategies are essential to ensure the quality of life of the elderly. High-speed resistance training (HSRT) may be an effective approach to muscle power development in this population, with significant short-term effects on neural adaptations and muscle power production. Therefore, the present study intends to analyze and systematize the studies focused on HSRT interventions and their effects on health outcomes in independent older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Scielo) were used for the purposes of searching randomized controlled trials that measured at least one key outcome measure focusing on velocity-based training and health outcomes in older adults on 7 March 2022 and identified 1950 studies. At the end of the process, fourteen studies were included in this systematic review and ten studies were included in the quantitative analysis. The main results showed that HSRT interventions would improve health measures, mostly cognitive function (large effects, p = 0.001, SMD = 0.94), neuromuscular function (moderate effects, p = 0.003, SMD = 0.70), and physical function (moderate effects, p = 0.04, SMD = 0.55 and p = 0.009, SMD = −0.59). Additionally, the results suggested that interventions with ten weeks or more, performed three times a week, provide significant improvements in neuromuscular function. In this sense, HSRT is effective for improving overall health outcomes in older adults. Future studies should include proper follow-ups (e.g., minimum six months) to assess the durability of HSRT intervention effects on all health-related variables.
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Ekiz T, Kara M, Ata AM, Ricci V, Kara Ö, Özcan F, Özçakar L. Rewinding sarcopenia: a narrative review on the renin-angiotensin system. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2379-2392. [PMID: 33394457 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The purpose of this review was two-fold. First, we aimed to provide an in-depth glance on the relationship between renin-angiotensin system (RAS) dysregulation and sarcopenia. Second, we aimed to touch upon potential treatments of sarcopenia (including RAS blockers, vitamin D, and exercise) in light of the pertinent literature. METHODS Currently available research regarding the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers on knee extensor strength, grip strength, chair stand test, gate speed together with the effects of exercise on muscle mass, strength, physical performance, blood pressure and cognitive tests (particularly in older adults) was reviewed. RESULTS Although some studies have shown favorable effects of ACEIs on muscle strength and/or physical function tests, some studies have reported no/negative association in between. The favorable impact of exercise on reducing blood pressure is shown, and exercise treatment is widely recommended in the relevant literature. Different types of exercises (aerobic, resistance, dancing, music movement, water-based, golf, knitting activities or multicomponent exercises) have shown improvement in cognitive functions as well. CONCLUSION Classical RAS activity results in deleterious effects not only on the cardiovascular but also on the neuromusculoskeletal system. Therefore, treatments targeting inhibition of the classical RAS activity seem to be important in the management of several age-related pathologies, including sarcopenia. As such, ACEIs, vitamin D, exercise, and healthy diet can have prominent effects not only on the modulation of RAS but also on physical and cognitive functions and sarcopenia as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timur Ekiz
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Türkmenbaşı Medical Center, Türkmenbaşı Bulvarı Botanik Evleri Osmanbey Apt. C Blok No:3/B Seyhan, 01130, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Murat Kara
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Merve Ata
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Dr. Ayten Bozkaya Spastic Children Hospital and Rehabilitation Center, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Vincenzo Ricci
- Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Unit, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, IRCCS Rizzoli Orthopaedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
| | - Özgür Kara
- Geriatrics Unit, Yenimahalle Training and Research Hospital, Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fırat Özcan
- Department of Cardiology, Ankara City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Levent Özçakar
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara, Turkey
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Uchida MC, Picca A, Bernabei R, Landi F, Calvani R, Cesari M, Marzetti E. Evidence-based recommendations for resistance and power training to prevent frailty in community-dwellers. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:2069-2086. [PMID: 33587271 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Frailty is a reversible state of reduced resilience to stressful events resulting from a multisystem impairment of the human body. As frailty progresses, people become more vulnerable to numerous adverse events, including falls and fractures, cognitive decline, disability, hospitalization, nursing home placement, and death. As such, substantial health care costs are associated with frailty. These features have led to the recognition of frailty as a public health problem. The identification of strategies for the management of frailty has, therefore, become a topic of extensive instigation. In this context, resistance (RT) and power training (PT) have received considerable attention, and experts in the field have recently suggested that both training modalities may improve frailty-related parameters. However, most studies have only included robust people and investigated frailty as a secondary outcome, so that current literature only allows RT and PT preventive programs against frailty to be designed. Here, we provide evidence-based critical recommendations for the prescription of RT and PT programs against incident frailty in community-dwellers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil.
- Rehabilitation Unit, Lar Mãe Mariana Nursing Home, Poá, Brazil.
| | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. L.Go F, Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. L.Go F, Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. L.Go F, Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, 20122, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, IRCCS Istutiti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Geriatrics and Internal Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore. L.Go F, Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
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Refalo MC, Hamilton DL, Paval DR, Gallagher IJ, Feros SA, Fyfe JJ. Influence of resistance training load on measures of skeletal muscle hypertrophy and improvements in maximal strength and neuromuscular task performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2021; 39:1723-1745. [PMID: 33874848 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2021.1898094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis determined resistance training (RT) load effects on various muscle hypertrophy, strength, and neuromuscular performance task [e.g., countermovement jump (CMJ)] outcomes. Relevent studies comparing higher-load [>60% 1-repetition maximum (RM) or <15-RM] and lower-load (≤60% 1-RM or ≥ 15-RM) RT were identified, with 45 studies (from 4713 total) included in the meta-analysis. Higher- and lower-load RT induced similar muscle hypertrophy at the whole-body (lean/fat-free mass; [ES (95% CI) = 0.05 (-0.20 to 0.29), P = 0.70]), whole-muscle [ES = 0.06 (-0.11 to 0.24), P = 0.47], and muscle fibre [ES = 0.29 (-0.09 to 0.66), P = 0.13] levels. Higher-load RT further improved 1-RM [ES = 0.34 (0.15 to 0.52), P = 0.0003] and isometric [ES = 0.41 (0.07 to 0.76), P = 0.02] strength. The superiority of higher-load RT on 1-RM strength was greater in younger [ES = 0.34 (0.12 to 0.55), P = 0.002] versus older [ES = 0.20 (-0.00 to 0.41), P = 0.05] participants. Higher- and lower-load RT therefore induce similar muscle hypertrophy (at multiple physiological levels), while higher-load RT elicits superior 1-RM and isometric strength. The influence of RT loads on neuromuscular task performance is however unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C Refalo
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - D Lee Hamilton
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - D Robert Paval
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Iain J Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | - Simon A Feros
- Centre for Sport Research (CSR), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jackson J Fyfe
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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10
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James E, Nichols S, Goodall S, Hicks KM, O'Doherty AF. The influence of resistance training on neuromuscular function in middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 149:111320. [PMID: 33774145 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deterioration of neuromuscular function is a major mechanism of age-related strength loss. Resistance training (RT) improves muscle strength and mass. However, the effects of RT on neuromuscular adaptations in middle-aged and older adults are unclear. METHODS Randomised controlled RT interventions (≥2 weeks) involving adults aged ≥50 years were identified. Primary outcome measures were voluntary activation (VA), electromyographic (EMG) activity during maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and antagonist coactivation. Data were pooled using a weighted random-effect model. Sub-analyses were conducted by muscle or muscle group and health status of participants. Sensitivity analysis was based on study quality. P < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. RESULTS Twenty-seven studies were included. An effect was found for VA (standardised mean difference [SMD] 0.54, 0.01 to 1.07, P = 0.04), This result remained significant following sensitivity analysis involving only studies that were low risk of bias. Subgroup analyses showed an effect for plantar flexor VA (SMD 1.13, 0.20 to 2.06, P = 0.02) and VA in healthy participants (SMD 1.04, 0.32 to 1.76, P = 0.004). There was no effect for EMG activity or antagonist coactivation of any muscle group (P > 0.05). DISCUSSION Resistance training did not alter EMG activity or antagonist coactivation in older adults. Sensitivity analysis resulted in the effect for VA remaining significant, indicating that this finding was not dependent on study quality. Studies predominantly involved healthy older adults (78%), limiting the generalisability of these findings to clinical cohorts. Future research should determine the effects of RT on neuromuscular function in people with sarcopenia and age-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily James
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Simon Nichols
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Group, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty M Hicks
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair F O'Doherty
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, United Kingdom
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Pophal da Silva L, Boneti Moreira N, Barbosa de Freitas P, Pereira G, Rodacki ALF. Gait Parameters of Older Adults according to Their Fall History and Functional Capacity While Walking at Different Speeds. Gerontology 2021; 67:532-543. [PMID: 33677447 DOI: 10.1159/000513601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is believed that functional capacity and fall history are factors capable of influencing the gait parameters of older adults. Thus, the objective of this study was to verify whether gait parameters of community-dwelling older adults differ according to their functional capacity and fall history when walking at self-selected walking speed (SSWS) and fast walking speed (FWS) using principal component analysis (PCA). METHODS Two hundred ninety-five participants (82.3% women and 17.7% men) were allocated in four groups according to their fall history and functional capacity: non-fallers with higher functional capacity (NFHFC, n = 94; 69.3 ± 5.5 years), non-fallers with lower functional capacity (NFLFC, n = 114; 72.0 ± 8.1 years), fallers with higher functional capacity (FHFC, n = 29; 70.0 ± 6.0 years), and fallers with lower functional capacity (FLFC, n = 58; 72.5 ± 8.2 years). Fall history, anthropometric data, functional capacity by short physical performance battery and mobility by Timed Up and Go (TUG), and spatiotemporal gait parameters were evaluated. RESULTS Data analysis indicated that FLFC presented the lowest scores, especially in the Five Times Sit-to-Stand Test and TUG. The PCA showed that the first principal component (PC1) explained the most substantial amount of the data variability in both walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), predominantly including temporal parameters. PC2 composed by spatial outcomes (stride and step length and walking speed) showed the highest effect size. PC1 and PC2 were able to differentiate functional status, regardless of fall history. CONCLUSIONS Functional capacity showed great importance when analyzing gait parameters at different walking speeds (SSWS and FWS), regardless of fall history. Older adults with high functional capacity demonstrate better performance during gait. Besides, spatiotemporal parameters are the main factors explaining gait variability, both in SSWS and FWS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Pophal da Silva
- Department of Physical Education, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil,
| | - Natália Boneti Moreira
- Department of Physiotherapy, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Paulo Barbosa de Freitas
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Healthy Sciences, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Department of Physical Education, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Felix Rodacki
- Department of Physical Education, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Poststroke Effects on Power Production in Older Adults. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Cogliati M, Cudicio A, Martinez-Valdes E, Tarperi C, Schena F, Orizio C, Negro F. Half marathon induces changes in central control and peripheral properties of individual motor units in master athletes. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2020; 55:102472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Improvements in Lower-Extremity Function Following a Rehabilitation Program With Patterned Electrical Neuromuscular Stimulation in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Sport Rehabil 2020; 29:1075-1085. [DOI: 10.1123/jsr.2019-0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Context: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is a challenging condition, with altered kinematics and muscle activity as 2 common impairments. Single applications of patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation (PENS) have improved both kinematics and muscle activity in females with PFP; however, the use of PENS in conjunction with a rehabilitation program has not been evaluated. Objective: To determine the effects of a 4-week rehabilitation program with PENS on lower-extremity biomechanics and electromyography (EMG) during a single-leg squat (SLS) and a step-down task (SDT) in individuals with PFP. Study Design: Double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Setting: Laboratory. Patients of Other Participants: Sixteen females with PFP (age 23.3 [4.9] y, mass 66.3 [13.5] kg, height 166.1 [5.9] cm). Intervention: Patients completed a 4-week supervised rehabilitation program with or without PENS. Main Outcome Measures: Curve analyses for lower-extremity kinematics and EMG activity (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, and adductor longus) were constructed by plotting group means and 90% confidence intervals throughout 100% of each task, before and after the rehabilitation program. Mean differences (MDs) and SDs were calculated where statistical differences were identified. Results: No differences at baseline in lower-extremity kinematics or EMG were found between groups. Following rehabilitation, the PENS group had significant reduction in hip adduction between 29% and 47% of the SLS (MD = 4.62° [3.85°]) and between 43% and 69% of the SDT (MD = 6.55° [0.77°]). Throughout the entire SDT, there was a decrease in trunk flexion in the PENS group (MD = 10.91° [1.73°]). A significant decrease in gluteus medius activity was seen during both the SLS (MD = 2.77 [3.58]) and SDT (MD = 4.36 [5.38]), and gluteus maximus during the SLS (MD = 1.49 [1.46]). No differences were seen in the Sham group lower-extremity kinematics for either task. Conclusion: Rehabilitation with PENS improved kinematics in both tasks and decreased EMG activity. This suggests that rehabilitation with PENS may improve muscle function during functional tasks.
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Orssatto LB, Bezerra ES, Shield AJ, Trajano GS. Is power training effective to produce muscle hypertrophy in older adults? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1031-1040. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Power training has been suggested to be effective in improving strength, power, and functional capacity in older adults. However, there is still a lack of systematic investigations reporting its effectiveness for muscle hypertrophy. Thus, this study investigated the effect of power training on muscle hypertrophy and compared its magnitude with traditional moderate-velocity resistance training in older adults. A systematic search was conducted to identify clinical trials investigating the effect of power training on muscle hypertrophy (power training vs. control) and/or comparing the effect of power training versus moderate-velocity resistance training for a meta-analytical approach. Ten studies comparing power training to control conditions and 9 studies comparing power training to moderate-velocity resistance training were selected. Three studies were classified as high quality and 2 were preregistered. The meta-analysis showed that power training was superior for muscle hypertrophy compared with control condition (n = 8 studies; standardised mean difference (SMD) = 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.04, 0.58; p = 0.029), and resulted in similar hypertrophy compared with moderate-velocity resistance training (n = 7 studies; SMD = 0.07; 95% CI = –0.18, 0.32; p = 0.50). No significant heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.46 and 0.54, and I2 = 0% and 0%, respectively). Our data suggest that power training is effective for muscle hypertrophy in older adults, with similar effectiveness as moderate-velocity resistance training. (PROSPERO registration no.: CRD42019128951.) Novelty It is known that power training might be superior to moderate-velocity resistance training for function improvements in older adults, but there was no meta-analysis investigating its effect on muscle hypertrophy. Power training is effective to induce muscle hypertrophy in older adults to a similar extent as moderate-velocity resistance training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B.R. Orssatto
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Ewertton S. Bezerra
- Laboratório de Estudo do Desempenho Humano, Faculdade de Educação Física e Fisioterapia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, AM 69067-005, Brazil
| | - Anthony J. Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
| | - Gabriel S. Trajano
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4059, Australia
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Straight CR, Fedewa MV, Toth MJ, Miller MS. Improvements in skeletal muscle fiber size with resistance training are age-dependent in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:392-403. [PMID: 32702280 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00170.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As studies examining the hypertrophic effects of resistance training (RT) at the cellular level have produced inconsistent results, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate muscle fiber size before and after a structured RT intervention in older adults. A random-effects model was used to calculate mean effect size (ES) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Thirty-five studies were included (age range: 59.0-88.5 yr), and 44 and 30 effects were used to estimate RT impact on myosin heavy chain (MHC) I and II fiber size. RT produced moderate-to-large increases in MHC I (ES = +0.51, 95%CI +0.31 to +0.71; P < 0.001) and II (ES = +0.81, 95%CI +0.56 to +1.05; P < 0.001) fiber size, with men and women having a similar response. Age was negatively associated with change in muscle fiber size for both fiber types (MHC I: R2 = 0.11, β = -0.33, P = 0.002; MHC II: R2 = 0.10, β = -0.32, P = 0.04), indicating a less robust hypertrophic response as age increases in older adults. Unexpectedly, a higher training intensity (defined as percentage of one-repetition maximum) was associated with a smaller increase in MHC II fiber size (R2 = 15.09%, β = -0.39, P = 0.01). Notably, MHC II fiber subtypes (IIA, IIX, IIAX) were examined less frequently, but RT improved their size. Overall, our findings indicate that RT induces cellular hypertrophy in older adults, although the effect is attenuated with increasing age. In addition, hypertrophy of MHC II fibers was reduced with higher training intensity, which may suggest a failure of muscle fibers to hypertrophy in response to high loads in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad R Straight
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Michael V Fedewa
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama
| | - Michael J Toth
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, and Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Mark S Miller
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
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Bergamasco JGA, da Silva DG, Bittencourt DF, de Oliveira RM, Júnior JCB, Caruso FR, Godoi D, Borghi-Silva A, Libardi CA. Low-Load Resistance Training Performed to Muscle Failure or Near Muscle Failure Does Not Promote Additional Gains on Muscle Strength, Hypertrophy, and Functional Performance of Older Adults. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 36:1209-1215. [PMID: 33443368 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bergamasco, JGA, Gomes da Silva, D, Bittencourt, DF, Martins de Oliveira, R, Júnior, JCB, Caruso, FC, Godoi, D, Borghi-Silva, A, and Libardi, CA. Low-load resistance training performed to muscle failure or near muscle failure does not promote additional gains on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and functional performance of older adults. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2020-The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of low-load resistance training (RT) protocols performed to failure (FAI), to voluntary interruption (VOL), and with a fixed low repetitions (FIX) on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and functional performance in older adults. Forty-one subjects (60-77 years) were randomized into one of the RT protocols (FAI, VOL, or FIX) and completed 12 weeks of RT at 40% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM), twice a week. The assessments included 1RM test, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), rate of torque development (RTD), and functional performance (chair stand [CS], habitual gait speed [HGS], maximal gait speed [MGS], and timed up-and-go [TUG]). All protocols significantly increased 1RM values from Pre (FAI: 318.3 ± 116.3 kg; VOL: 342.9 ± 93.7 kg; FIX: 328.0 ± 107.2 kg) to Post (FAI: 393.0 ± 143.1 kg, 23.5%; VOL: 423.0 ± 114.5 kg, 23.3%; FIX: 397.8 ± 94.6 kg, 21.3%; p < 0.0001 for all groups). Regarding CS, all protocols showed significant improvements from Pre (FAI: 11.5 ± 2.4 seconds; VOL: 12.1 ± 2.5 seconds; FIX: 11.3 ± 1.1 seconds) to Post (FAI: 10.5 ± 1.1 seconds, -8.5%, p = 0.001; VOL: 10.3 ± 1.5 seconds, -15.1%, p = 0.001; FIX: 11.0 ± 1.1, -3.2%, p = 0.001). Habitual gait speed values increased significantly from Pre (FAI: 1.3 ± 0.2 m·s; VOL: 1.3 ± 0.1 m·s; FIX: 1.3 ± 0.1 m·s) to Post (FAI: 1.4 ± 0.2 m·s, 2.5%, p = 0.03; VOL: 1.4 ± 0.2 m·s, 5.2%, p = 0.036; FIX: 1.4 ± 0.1 m·s, 5.7%, p = 0.03). No significant differences between protocols were found (p > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant changes in CSA, RTD, MGS, and TUG for any protocols (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low-load RT performed without muscle failure promotes significant improvements in muscle strength and some parameters of functional performance in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Guilherme Almeida Bergamasco
- 1Department of Physical Education, MUSCULAB-Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Resistance Training, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; 2Medicine Department, Federal University of São Carlos; 3Physical Therapy Department, Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil; and 4Department of Physical Education, DINÂMICA-Motor Behavior Laboratory, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, Brazil
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, de Oliveira Gonçalves I, Sampaio RAC, Sampaio PYS, Lusa Cadore E, Calvani R, Picca A, Izquierdo M, Marzetti E, Uchida MC. Effects of Combined Resistance and Power Training on Cognitive Function in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E3435. [PMID: 32423126 PMCID: PMC7277751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of traditional resistance training (TRT) and combined power training (PT) and TRT (PTRT) on cognitive parameters and serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. Forty-five older women were randomized into one of three experimental groups: TRT, PTRT, and control group (CG). Cognitive tests explored global cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance. Serum BDNF levels were assessed at baseline and after the intervention. Exercise sessions were performed twice a week over 22 weeks. In TRT, exercise sessions were based on three sets of 8-10 repetitions at "difficult" intensity. In PTRT, the first session was based on PT (three sets of 8-10 repetitions at "moderate" intensity), while the second session was similar to the TRT. Our analyses indicated that overall cognitive function, short-term memory, and dual-task performance were similarly improved after TRT and PTRT. Serum BDNF concentrations were not altered by any training protocol. In conclusion, the two RT programs tested in the present trial improved global cognitive function, short-term memory and dual task performance in non-demented, well-functioning, community-dwelling older women. In addition, our findings suggest that mechanisms other than BDNF may be associated with such improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory–AKL, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (P.Y.S.S.); (M.C.U.)
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.)
- Rehabilitation unit, Mãe Mariana unit, Poá 08562-460, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory–AKL, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (P.Y.S.S.); (M.C.U.)
| | - Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory–AKL, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (P.Y.S.S.); (M.C.U.)
| | - Eduardo Lusa Cadore
- School of Physical Education, Physiotherapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90040-060, RS, Brazil;
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (R.C.); (A.P.)
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN)-Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- GICAEDS Group, Faculty of Physical Culture, Sport and Recreation, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá 7290, Colombia
- CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “Agostino Gemelli” IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory–AKL, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-851, SP, Brazil; (R.A.C.S.); (P.Y.S.S.); (M.C.U.)
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Adaptations in mechanical muscle function, muscle morphology, and aerobic power to high-intensity endurance training combined with either traditional or power strength training in older adults: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1165-1177. [PMID: 32239311 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04355-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a lack of information on the effects of power training (PT) as an alternative to traditional strength training (TST) during concurrent training (CT) in older individuals. This study aimed to verify the neuromuscular adaptations that occurred following 16-week interventions with two CT models in older men: high-intensity interval training (HIIT) combined with either TST or PT. METHODS Thirty-five older men (65.8 ± 3.9 years) were randomly assigned into one of two training groups CTS: TST + HIIT (n = 18) or CTP: PT + HIIT (n = 17). CTS performed resistance training at intensities ranging from 65 to 80% of 1 RM at slow controlled speed, whereas CTP trained at intensities ranging from 40 to 60% of 1 RM at maximal intentional speed. Lower body one-repetition maximum (1 RM), isometric rate of force development (RFD), countermovement jump (CMJ) muscle power output, quadriceps femoris muscles thickness (QF MT), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) were assessed before training and after 8 and 16 weeks of CT. RESULTS Groups improved similarly in all primary outcomes (P < 0.05), with mean increases ranging: 1 RM (from 39.4 to 75.8%); RFD (from 9.9 to 64.8%); and CMJ muscle power (from 1.8 to 5.2%). Significant increases (P < 0.05) were observed in all secondary outcomes (QF MT, specific tension and VO2peak) with no differences between groups. CONCLUSION CT models were effective for improving maximal and explosive force (1 RM, RFD, and CMJ power), QF MT, and VO2peak. Moreover, despite that using lower loading intensities, PT induced similar adaptations to those of TST.
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Cherup NP, Buskard AN, Strand KL, Roberson KB, Michiels ER, Kuhn JE, Lopez FA, Signorile JF. Power vs strength training to improve muscular strength, power, balance and functional movement in individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. Exp Gerontol 2019; 128:110740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Silva-Batista C, Lira JLDO, David FJ, Corcos DM, Mattos ECT, Boari Coelho D, de Lima-Pardini AC, Torriani-Pasin C, de Freitas TB, Ugrinowitsch C. Short-term resistance training with instability reduces impairment in V wave and H reflex in individuals with Parkinson's disease. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:89-97. [PMID: 31306047 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00902.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study had two objectives: 1) to compare the effects of 3 wk of resistance training (RT) and resistance training with instability (RTI) on evoked reflex responses at rest and during maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 2) to determine the effectiveness of RT and RTI in moving values of evoked reflex responses of individuals with PD toward values of age-matched healthy control subjects (HCs) (z-score analysis). Ten individuals in the RT group and 10 in the RTI group performed resistance exercises twice a week for 3 wk, but only the RTI group included unstable devices. The HC group (n = 10) were assessed at pretest only. Evoked reflex responses at rest (H reflex and M wave) and during MVIC [supramaximal M-wave amplitude (Msup) and supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] of the plantar flexors were assessed before and after the experimental protocol. From pretraining to posttraining, only RTI increased ratio of maximal H-reflex amplitude to maximal M-wave amplitude at rest (Hmax/Mmax), Msup, Vsup/Msup, and peak torque of the plantar flexors (P < 0.05). At posttraining, RTI was more effective than RT in increasing resting Hmax and Vsup and in moving these values to those observed in HCs (P < 0.05). We conclude that short-term RTI is more effective than short-term RT in modulating H-reflex excitability and in increasing efferent neural drive, approaching average values of HCs. Thus short-term RTI may cause positive changes at the spinal and supraspinal levels in individuals with PD. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Maximal H-reflex amplitude (Hmax) at rest and efferent neural drive [i.e., supramaximal V-wave amplitude (Vsup)] to skeletal muscles during maximal contraction are impaired in individuals with Parkinson's disease. Short-term resistance training with instability was more effective than short-term resistance training alone in increasing Hmax and Vsup of individuals with Parkinson's disease, reaching the average values of healthy control subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | | | - Fabian J David
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel M Corcos
- Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University , Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center , Chicago, Illinois
| | - Eugenia Casella Tavares Mattos
- Exercise Neuroscience Research Group, School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari Coelho
- Biomedical Engineering, Federal University of ABC , São Bernardo do Campo, São Paulo , Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Federal University of ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Andrea C de Lima-Pardini
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil.,Department of Neuroscience, Federal University of ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Camila Torriani-Pasin
- Department of Pedagogy of the Human Body, Laboratory of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Tatiana Beline de Freitas
- Department of Pedagogy of the Human Body, Laboratory of Motor Behavior, School of Physical Education and Sports, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Carlos Ugrinowitsch
- Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
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Ramos RM, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Asano RY, Prado RCR, Silveira R, Urtado CB, de Lima LCR, Aguiar SDS, Prestes J, Medeiros AIA, Rodrigues B, de Oliveira Assumpção C. Impact of Moderate Aerobic Training on Physical Capacities of Hypertensive Obese Elderly. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2019; 5:2333721419859691. [PMID: 31263741 PMCID: PMC6595660 DOI: 10.1177/2333721419859691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of old age and chronic conditions, such as hypertension and obesity, can lead to larger decreases in the physical capacities of elderly, compared with their healthy counterparts. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to be efficient in postponing this phenomenon, mainly strength training. However, little is known about the effect of aerobic training on this condition. The aim of this work was to investigate the impact of 12 weeks of moderate-intensity aerobic training on the physical capacities of hypertensive obese older women. Aerobic power, lower limb muscle power, upper limb muscle strength, endurance, and flexibility of 19 hypertensive obese elders were evaluated. Afterward, patients were blindly randomized into control group (CG) and exercise group (EG). EG underwent three sessions/week of 60 min of moderate-intensity aerobic training, during 12 weeks. EG showed increases in VO2max compared with CG (p = .03) and increases in flexibility compared with basal moment (+21.6%; p = .01) after 12 weeks, whereas CG did not show any significant alterations. Moderate aerobic training is capable of inducing increases in maximal aerobic power and flexibility in hypertensive obese elderly. However, other essential physical capacities associated with independence in elderly people (i.e., muscle power and strength) were not responsive to this kind of protocol.
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Orquin-Castrillón FJ, Gea-García GM, Menayo-Antúnez R, González-Gálvez N, Vale RGDS, Martínez-Rodríguez A. Effects of a moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on fat mass, functional capacity, muscular strength, and quality of life in elderly: A randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7830. [PMID: 31127163 PMCID: PMC6534570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is considered an important intervention for promoting well-being and healthy aging. The objective was to determine the effects of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training on different parameters of body composition, functional autonomy, muscular strength and quality of life in elderly. A randomized controlled trial was conducted. A total of 45 subjects (27 females, 18 males) aged between 65–75 years old from Murcia (Spain) were divided by sex, and randomly to experimental group (n = 33, mean age 69 ± 3.2 years old) receiving 12 weeks of moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training and control group (n = 33, mean age 70 ± 4.1 years old) receiving no exercise intervention. Intra-group comparison, the experimental group showed a significant increment of lean body mass in women and men, which also presented a decrease of fat mass. Both sex presented a significant improve in functional autonomy, and significately higher values of muscular strength. But no changes were observed regarding quality of life in these groups. The control group did not show any differences pre and post-intervention in women, but in men presented an increment of body mass index and total weight post-intervention. No changes were showed in the other variables. Similar results were founded at inter-group comparison. The moderate-to-high intensity resistance circuit training showed increase in total lean body mass, improvements in functional capacity and significantly increase in upper and lower muscular strength in women and men. Progressive resistance circuit training should be promoted for the elderly as it has the potential to improve physical performance, thereby prolonging healthy independent aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Javier Orquin-Castrillón
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma María Gea-García
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ruperto Menayo-Antúnez
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Faculty of Education, University of Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Noelia González-Gálvez
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Estácio de Sá University, Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación en Salud, Actividad Física, Fitness y Comportamiento Motor (GISAFFCOM), Faculty of Sport, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.,Faculty of Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Rodrigues EV, Gallo LH, Guimarães ATB, Melo Filho J, Luna BC, Gomes ARS. Effects of Dance Exergaming on Depressive Symptoms, Fear of Falling, and Musculoskeletal Function in Fallers and Nonfallers Community-Dwelling Older Women. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 21:518-526. [PMID: 29669458 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2017.2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pop dance exergaming protocol on fall risk factors-depressive symptoms, fear of falling, and musculoskeletal function-in community-dwelling older female fallers and nonfallers. There were 47 community-dwelling older women assigned to the intervention group (IG) [fallers (n = 10, 69.8 ± 4.3 years); nonfallers (n = 12, 68.9 ± 3.3 years)] and the control group (CG) [fallers (n = 12, 73.6 ± 5.4 years); nonfallers (n = 13, 68.7 ± 4.8 years)]. The CG maintained their lifestyle and the IG performed a videogame dance training three times per week for 12 weeks. The Dance Central game for Xbox 360® and Kinect motion sensor were used. The primary outcomes were geriatric depressive symptoms, fear of falling, and concentric and eccentric isokinetic peak torque (PT) of quadriceps and hamstrings. Secondary outcomes included cross-sectional area of quadriceps and hamstring muscles, functionality (Timed Up and Go test, gait speed, the Five Times Sit-to-Stand test), and a fall circumstances and outcomes recording. The depressive symptoms decreased in the Intervention Fallers Group. The eccentric hamstrings PT at 180°/s increased in the Intervention Nonfallers Group. There were no significant differences between groups for the other variables analyzed. The training attendance was 83% for the Intervention Fallers Group and 88% for the Intervention Nonfallers Group. Dance exergaming can be indicated to decrease depressive symptoms in fallers and increase the PT in nonfallers among community-dwelling older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisângela Valevein Rodrigues
- 1 Massage Therapy Department, Federal Institute of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- 2 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Luiza Herminia Gallo
- 2 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Jarbas Melo Filho
- 2 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Bruna Cavon Luna
- 4 Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Anna Raquel Silveira Gomes
- 2 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
- 4 Prevention and Rehabilitation in Physiotherapy Department, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Quadriceps Rate of Torque Development and Disability in Persons With Tibiofemoral Osteoarthritis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018; 48:694-703. [PMID: 29787693 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2018.7898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Declines in the ability to rapidly generate quadriceps muscle torque may underlie disability in individuals with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Objective To determine whether quadriceps rate of torque development (RTD) predicts self-reported disability and physical performance outcomes in individuals with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Methods This controlled laboratory, cross-sectional study assessed quadriceps strength and RTD in 76 individuals (55% female; mean ± SD age, 61.83 ± 7.11 years) with symptomatic and radiographic tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Early (0-50 milliseconds), late (100-200 milliseconds), and overall peak RTDs were quantified in the symptomatic (involved) and contralateral limbs and used to calculate bilateral average values. Disability was assessed using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) function subscale and 3 physical performance tests, including the (1) 20-m fast-paced walk, (2) 30-second chair stand, and (3) timed stair climb. Separate univariate regression models were used to determine the unique associations among measures of quadriceps RTD, WOMAC function score, and physical performance outcomes after accounting for quadriceps strength (change in R2). Results Greater involved-side late RTD and greater bilateral average early RTD were associated with faster walking (change in R2 = 0.05, P = .013 and change in R2 = 0.05, P = .043, respectively). Greater bilateral average late RTD was associated with faster walking (change in R2 = 0.20, P<.001) and faster stair climb (change in R2 = 0.11, P = .001). No quadriceps RTD variable was significantly associated with WOMAC function score (change in R2 range, <0.01-0.017). Conclusion Involved-limb quadriceps RTD was weakly associated with physical performance outcomes, but not self-reported disability, in individuals with tibiofemoral osteoarthritis. Bilateral average quadriceps RTD was moderately associated with walking speed. Level of Evidence Prognosis, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(9):694-703. Epub 22 May 2018. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7898.
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Radaelli R, Brusco CM, Lopez P, Rech A, Machado CL, Grazioli R, Müller DC, Cadore EL, Pinto RS. Higher muscle power training volume is not determinant for the magnitude of neuromuscular improvements in elderly women. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bohrer RCD, Pereira G, Beck JK, Lodovico A, Rodacki ALF. Multicomponent Training Program with High-Speed Movement Execution of Ankle Muscles Reduces Risk of Falls in Older Adults. Rejuvenation Res 2018; 22:43-50. [PMID: 29911496 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2018.2063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of multicomponent training program, designed to improve the torque around the ankle joint performing high-speed movement execution, on healthy older adults. Participants were balanced by torque around the ankle joint and randomly allocated to either exercise (n = 12, 69.7 ± 4.8 years, 74.6 ± 16.8 kg, 1.63 ± 0.10 m) or control group (CG) (n = 14, 70.86 ± 6.48 years; 73.5 ± 13.4 kg, 1.56 ± 0.05 m). The exercise group (EG) performed a multicomponent training of resistance, agility, and coordination exercises, focusing on the plantar flexor muscles during 12 weeks (3 days per week). Outcome measures were torque (plantar flexion and extension), reactive capacity (Step test), and functional mobility (gait and timed up and go [TUG] test). The training program was induced to increase peak torque of extensor muscles around the ankle joint to EG (Δ = 50%; d = 1.59) compared to the CG. Such improvement was converted to reactive capacity improvements considering the decrease in the execution time of the Swing phase and in the Total time of the Step test (Δ = 19%; d = 0.93, Δ = 14%; d = 1.02, respectively). Gains in functional mobility were verified by the increase of the walking speed (Δ = 15%; d = 1.37) and by the smaller time of execution of TUG test (Δ = 17%; d = 1.73) in the EG. Therefore, the multicomponent training was effective to reduce or to reverse muscular age-related declines, which are associated with functional capacity and reduction of fall risk in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Castilhos Detanico Bohrer
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil.,2 Physical Education, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Joice Katiane Beck
- 1 Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Orsano VSM, de Moraes WMAM, de Sousa NMF, de Moura FC, Tibana RA, Silva ADO, Schwerz Funghetto S, Schoenfeld BJ, Prestes J. Comparison of the acute effects of traditional versus high velocity resistance training on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1331-1340. [PMID: 30104867 PMCID: PMC6074841 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s164108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the present study was to compare the acute effects of traditional resistance training (RT) versus high velocity RT (HVRT) on metabolic, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological responses in elderly hypertensive women. Methods Fifteen elderly women (mean age ± standard deviation, 67.1±6.9 years) classified as having hypertension stage 1 or 2 were randomly allocated to complete traditional RT or HVRT; 1 week later, subjects allocated to RT completed the HVRT session and vice-versa. Heart rate, blood pressure, affective response, perceived effort, and blood samples analyzing lactate, nitrate, nitrite, oxidative damage (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]), and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) collected before and after training sessions were assessed. Nutritional counseling was provided regarding nutrients that could affect cardiovascular and nitrate/nitrite analysis. Results Systolic blood pressure was not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 30 minutes after sessions. Diastolic blood pressure, rate pressure product, and heart rate were not statistically different (p>0.05) between conditions at the beginning and during 45 minutes after sessions. Nitric oxide was significantly higher (p<0.0005) for HVRT compared to RT after 30 minutes of exercise. TBARS and TEAC were significantly higher (p<0.05) for HVRT compared with RT only immediately after exercise. There were no differences for psychophysiological variables between protocols. Conclusion The acute cardiovascular and metabolic responses, including oxidative stress, are transient and within normal values. Taken together with the positive affective responses, both HVRT and RT with this intensity and volume seem to be safe for elderly hypertensive women under medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia Silva Macedo Orsano
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Piaui (UFPI), Piauí, Brazil.,Post Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil,
| | | | | | - Felipe Carmo de Moura
- Post Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil,
| | - Ramires Alsamir Tibana
- Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jonato Prestes
- Post Graduation Program on Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasilia (UCB), Brasília, Brazil,
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Associations among knee muscle strength, structural damage, and pain and mobility in individuals with osteoarthritis and symptomatic meniscal tear. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2018; 19:258. [PMID: 30049269 PMCID: PMC6062861 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2182-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sufficient lower extremity muscle strength is necessary for performing functional tasks, and individuals with knee osteoarthritis demonstrate thigh muscle weakness compared to controls. It has been suggested that lower muscle strength is associated with a variety of clinical features including pain, mobility, and functional performance, yet these relationships have not been fully explored in patients with symptomatic meniscal tear in addition to knee osteoarthritis. Our purpose was to evaluate the associations of quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength with structural damage and clinical features in individuals with knee osteoarthritis and symptomatic meniscal tear. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using baseline data from the Meniscal Tear in Osteoarthritis Research (MeTeOR) trial. We assessed structural damage using Kellgren-Lawrence grade and the magnetic resonance imaging osteoarthritis knee score (MOAKS) for cartilage damage. We used the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score (KOOS) to evaluate pain, symptoms, and activities of daily living (ADL), and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test to assess mobility. We assessed quadriceps and hamstrings strength using a hand-held dynamometer and classified each into quartiles (Q). We used Chi square tests to evaluate the association between strength and structural damage; and separate analysis of covariance models to establish the association between pain, symptoms, ADL and mobility with strength, after adjusting for demographic characteristics (age, sex and BMI) and structural damage. Results Two hundred fifty two participants were evaluated. For quadriceps strength, subjects in the strongest quartile scored 14 and 13 points higher on the KOOS Pain and ADL subscales, respectively, and completed the TUG two seconds faster than subjects in the weakest quartile. For hamstrings strength, subjects in the strongest quartile scored 13 and 14 points higher on the KOOS pain and ADL subscales, respectively, and completed the TUG two seconds faster than subjects in the weakest quartile. Strength was not associated with structural damage. Conclusions Greater quadriceps and hamstrings muscle strength was associated with less pain, less difficulty completing activities of daily living, and better mobility. These relationships should be evaluated longitudinally.
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, Garcìa-Hermoso A, Celis-Morales C, Ramirez-Velez R, Gentil P, Izquierdo M. High-speed resistance training in elderly women: Effects of cluster training sets on functional performance and quality of life. Exp Gerontol 2018; 110:216-222. [PMID: 29909049 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of 12 weeks of high-speed resistance training on functional performance and quality of life in elderly women when using either a traditional-set (TS) or a cluster-set (CS) configuration for inter-set rest. METHODS Three groups of subjects were formed by block-design randomization as follows: (i) control group (CG, n = 17; age, 66.5 ± 5.4 years); (ii) 12-week high-speed resistance training group under a CS configuration (CSG, n = 15; age, 67.6 ± 5.4 years); and (iii) 12-week high-speed resistance training group under a TS configuration (TSG, n = 20; age, 68.0 ± 5.3 years). Training was undertaken three times per week, including high-speed resistance training exercises. The main difference between the training groups was the recovery set structure. In the TSG, women rested for 150 s after each set of eight repetitions, whereas the CSG used an interest rest redistribution, such that after two consecutive repetitions, a 30-s rest was allowed. RESULTS Group × test interactions were observed for a 10-m walking speed test, an 8-foot up-and-go test, a sit-to-stand test, and physical quality of life (p < 0.05; d = 0.12-0.81). The main results suggest that both training methods improve functional performance and quality of life, however, the CS configuration induced significantly greater improvements in functional performance and quality of life than the TS configuration. CONCLUSION These results should be considered when designing appropriate and better resistance training programs for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Osorno, Chile
| | - Cristian Alvarez
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sport, Osorno, Chile
| | - Antonio Garcìa-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Center, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Robinson Ramirez-Velez
- Centro de Estudios para la Medición de la Actividad Física "CEMA", Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, D.C. 111221, Colombia
| | - Paulo Gentil
- Faculdade de Educação Física e Dança, Universidade Federal de Goias, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Navarrabiomed, Pamplona, Navarre, Spain.
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Rodrigues EV, Guimarães ATB, Gallo LH, Melo Filho J, Pintarelli VL, Gomes ARS. Supervised dance intervention based on video game choreography increases quadriceps cross sectional area and peak of torque in community dwelling older women. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-6574201800020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Silva-Batista C, de Brito LC, Corcos DM, Roschel H, de Mello MT, Piemonte MEP, Tricoli V, Ugrinowitsch C. Resistance Training Improves Sleep Quality in Subjects With Moderate Parkinson's Disease. J Strength Cond Res 2018; 31:2270-2277. [PMID: 27787472 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silva-Batista, C, de Brito, LC, Corcos, DM, Roschel, H, de Mello, MT, Piemonte, MEP, Tricoli, V, and Ugrinowitsch, C. Resistance training improves sleep quality in subjects with moderate Parkinson's disease. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2270-2277, 2017-The objectives of this study were to test if 12 weeks of progressive resistance training (RT) improves sleep quality and muscle strength in subjects with moderate Parkinson's disease (PD) and if sleep quality values of subjects with moderate PD are closer to those of age-matched healthy controls (HC) at posttraining. This was a randomized controlled trial conducted between March 2013 and September 2014. Twenty-two subjects with moderate PD were randomly assigned to a nonexercising control group (n = 11) or an RT group (n = 11). Thirty-one HC were not randomized to any group. The RT group performed a RT program twice a week for 12 weeks, whereas the control group made no change to their weekly routine. For subjects with PD, sleep quality (i.e., Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) and knee-extensor peak torque were assessed before and after 12 weeks of intervention; for HC, these outcomes were assessed at pretest only. There were differences between RT and control groups in PSQI scores, PSQI subscores(i.e., subjective sleep quality and daytime dysfunction), and knee-extensor peak torque at posttraining (p ≤ 0.05). After RT, the average subjects with PD showed lower (i.e., improved) PSQI scores than the average HC (p ≤ 0.05). A negative association was observed between changes in PSQI scores and changes in knee-extensor peak torque at posttraining (r = -0.58, p = 0.028). No adverse events were reported. The RT is recommended as an adjunct therapeutic method for improving sleep quality of subjects with moderate PD and moving these levels to those observed in HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- 1Department of Sport, Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Biodynamic of Human Body Movement, Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 3Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois; 4Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois; 5Department of Psychobiology, Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and 6Faculty of Medical Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Meseguer Zafra M, García-Cantó E, Rodríguez García PL, Pérez-Soto JJ, Tárraga López PJ, Rosa Guillamón A, Tarraga López ML. Influence of a physical exercise program on VO 2max in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. CLINICA E INVESTIGACION EN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS 2018; 30:95-101. [PMID: 29395495 DOI: 10.1016/j.arteri.2017.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to assess the influence of a physical exercise program on VO2max in sedentary subjects with cardiovascular risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample was composed of 214 patients (80 males, 134 females) with an average age of 52 years, who were referred to a physical exercise program from 2 primary care centres of Spanish southeast. It was implemented a 10 week program (3 training×1h/week) combining strength with cardiorespiratory fitness. TheVO2max was analyzed through the Rockport Walk Test (RWT) comparing the pre and post program measurements. RESULTS The results show significant improvements on VO2max for both genders (p<0,05). The most pronounced increase in VO2max was among males in the highest age band (56-73 years). CONCLUSIONS Prescribing and referral exercise programs from primary care centers must be considered as a resource for improving cardiorespiratory fitness in the population studied.
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Marcos-Pardo PJ, Martínez-Rodríguez A, Gil-Arias A. Impact of a motivational resistance-training programme on adherence and body composition in the elderly. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1370. [PMID: 29358716 PMCID: PMC5778069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lack of physical activity is one of the major causes for obesity and functional disability in the elderly. Including regular exercise in the elderly's lifestyle is not an easy task. The main objective was to analyse the effect of a motivational resistance-training programme on satisfying the individual's psychological needs, level of self-determination and body composition. A quasi-experimental study was performed with 47 volunteers (29 females, 18 males) of 67-75 years of age, divided into two groups: experimental (n = 27) and control (n = 20). A 12-week intervention programme was performed, with a total of 36 sessions. The results of the inter-group analysis indicated significant differences in the post-test measurement between the experimental group and the control group (in favour of the experimental group) regarding basic psychological needs. The experimental group, in comparison to the control group, significantly decreased their percentage of fat mass and increased muscle mass. Body weight and BMI values increased in the control group, while significantly decreasing in the experimental group. In conclusion, the motivational resistance-training programme in the elderly gave rise to positive significant changes at the physical, psychological and social levels, according to the definition of health by the World Health Organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Jorge Marcos-Pardo
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Murcia, Spain.
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Martínez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alexander Gil-Arias
- Sports Studies Center, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón (Madrid), Spain
- Faculty of Sports, Catholic University San Antonio of Murcia (UCAM), Av. de los Jerónimos, 135, 30107, Murcia, Spain
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Silva-Batista C, Corcos DM, Barroso R, David FJ, Kanegusuku H, Forjaz C, DE Mello MT, Roschel H, Tricoli V, Ugrinowitsch C. Instability Resistance Training Improves Neuromuscular Outcome in Parkinson's Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:652-660. [PMID: 27851668 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared the effects of resistance training (RT) and RT with instability (RTI) on neuromuscular and total training volume (TTV) outcomes obtained as part of the Instability Resistance Training Trial in Parkinson's disease. It also used a linear multiple regression (forward stepwise method) to identify the contribution of neuromuscular outcomes to previously published improvements in the timed-up-and-go test and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, motor subscale score. METHODS Thirty-nine patients with moderate to severe Parkinson's disease were randomly assigned to three groups: control (C), RT, and RTI. RT and RTI groups performed resistance exercises twice a week for 12 wk, and only the RTI group used unstable devices to perform resistance exercises. The following neuromuscular outcomes were assessed: quadriceps muscle cross-sectional area, root mean square and mean spike frequency of electromyographic signal, peak torque, rate of torque development, and half relaxation time of the knee extensors and plantarflexors during maximum ballistic voluntary isometric contractions. TTV was calculated for lower limb exercises. RESULTS From pre- to posttraining, RTI improved all of the neuromuscular outcomes (P < 0.05) except half relaxation time of the knee extensors (P = 0.068), despite the lower TTV than RT (P < 0.05). RTI was more effective than RT in increasing the root mean square values of vastus medialis, mean spike frequency of gastrocnemius medialis, and rate of torque development of plantarflexors (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression identified the changes in mean spike frequency of gastrocnemius medialis as the best predictor of improvements in timed-up-and-go test (R = 0.58, P = 0.002) and on-medication Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, motor subscale scores (R = 0.40, P = 0.020). CONCLUSION RTI optimizes neuromuscular adaptations, which partially explains mobility and motor sign improvements in patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Silva-Batista
- 1Laboratory of Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL; 2Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL; 3Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; 4Department of Sport Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, BRAZIL; 5Exercise Hemodynamic Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo at São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL; and 6Center for Psychobiology and Exercise Studies, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, BRAZIL
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The Effects of a Dance-Based Program on the Postural Control in Older Women. TOPICS IN GERIATRIC REHABILITATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1097/tgr.0000000000000166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Coelho-Júnior HJ, Rodrigues B, da Silva Aguiar S, de Oliveira Gonçalves I, Asano RY, Irigoyen MC, Feriani DJ, Uchida MC. Low blood pressure is sustained during subsequent activities of daily living performed after power training in older women. J Exerc Rehabil 2017; 13:454-463. [PMID: 29114513 PMCID: PMC5667625 DOI: 10.12965/jer.1734988.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the effects of a prior session of power training on blood pressure values during tasks that mimic the activities of daily living in hypertensive and normotensive older women. A randomized crossover experimental design was used for this study. Eleven older women (age, 66.1±1.2 years; body mass index, 26.7±4.8 kg/m2; systolic blood pressure, 133.9±23.4 mmHg) were recruited to participate. Volunteers were randomly underwent to a single session of physical exercise equalized by training volume, characterized by 3 sets of 8–10 repetitions in 8 different exercises. However, Power training session was performed at a higher intensity (moderate) than Sham session (rest/very, very easy ). Immediately after the end of the exercise session, subjects were assigned to perform five tasks that mimic the activities of daily living. Hemodynamic parameters were recorded before and immediately after the session of physical exercise, as well as in the end of each of the tasks. Results demonstrated significant elevations in systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure values during the performance of the tasks after the Sham session. However, values were not altered in the power training session. Data of the present study indicate that an acute session of power training can maintain blood pressure values lower during the subsequent performance of tasks that mimic activities of daily living in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.,Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
| | - Bruno Rodrigues
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Samuel da Silva Aguiar
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,School of Physical Education, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ivan de Oliveira Gonçalves
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,Community Center for Older People of Poá, Poá, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Yukio Asano
- Center of Health Sciences, University of Mogi das Cruzes, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil.,School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria-Cláudia Irigoyen
- Hypertension Unit, Heart Institute (InCor), Medical School of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniele Jardim Feriani
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Carlos Uchida
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
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BEIJERSBERGEN CHANTALMI, GRANACHER URS, GÄBLER MARTIJN, DEVITA PAUL, HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR. Kinematic Mechanisms of How Power Training Improves Healthy Old Adults’ Gait Velocity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 49:150-157. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ramirez-Campillo R, Diaz D, Martinez-Salazar C, Valdés-Badilla P, Delgado-Floody P, Méndez-Rebolledo G, Cañas-Jamet R, Cristi-Montero C, García-Hermoso A, Celis-Morales C, Moran J, Buford TW, Rodriguez-Mañas L, Alonso-Martinez AM, Izquierdo M. Effects of different doses of high-speed resistance training on physical performance and quality of life in older women: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Interv Aging 2016; 11:1797-1804. [PMID: 28008239 PMCID: PMC5167493 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s121313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the effects of two frequencies of high-speed resistance training (HSRT) on physical performance and quality of life of older women. METHODS A total of 24 older women participated in a 12-week HSRT program composed of either two or three sessions/week (equated for volume and intensity). Women were randomized into three arms: a control group (CG, n=8), a resistance training group performing two sessions/week (RT2, n=8), and a resistance training group performing three sessions/week (RT3, n=8). The training program for both experimental groups included exercises that required high-speed concentric muscle actions. RESULTS No baseline differences were observed among groups. Compared with the CG, both training groups showed similar small to moderate improvements (P<0.05) in muscle strength, power, functional performance, balance, and quality of life. CONCLUSION These results suggest that equated for volume and intensity, two and three training sessions/week of HSRT are equally effective for improving physical performance and quality of life of older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences
- Laboratory of Measurement and Assessment in Sports, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sports, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno
- Unit of Integrative Physiology, Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, MEDS Clinic, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela Diaz
- School of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health, Universidad Santo Tomás, Osorno
| | | | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Institute of Physical Activity and Health, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Temuco
| | - Pedro Delgado-Floody
- Department of Physical Education, Sport and Recreation, Universidad de La Frontera
| | | | - Rodrigo Cañas-Jamet
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Viña del Mar
- School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago
| | - Carlos Cristi-Montero
- IRyS Group, Physical Education School, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratory of Physical Activity Sciences, Sport and Health, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow
| | - Jason Moran
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Science, School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - Thomas W Buford
- Department of Aging and Geriatric Research, Institute of Aging, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | - Mikel Izquierdo
- Department of Health Sciences, Public University of Navarre, Navarre, Spain
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Van Hooren B, Bosch F. Influence of Muscle Slack on High-Intensity Sport Performance: A Review. Strength Cond J 2016. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Fontes EB, Libardi CA, Castellano G, Okano AH, Fernandes PT, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Ugrinowitsch C, Cavaglieri CR, Li LM. Effects of resistance training in gray matter density of elderly. SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11332-016-0298-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Yoon DH, Kang D, Kim HJ, Kim JS, Song HS, Song W. Effect of elastic band-based high-speed power training on cognitive function, physical performance and muscle strength in older women with mild cognitive impairment. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 17:765-772. [DOI: 10.1111/ggi.12784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Yoon
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Dongheon Kang
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Hee-jae Kim
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Han Sol Song
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science, Institute of Sports Science; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
- Institute on Aging; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
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Tiggemann CL, Dias CP, Radaelli R, Massa JC, Bortoluzzi R, Schoenell MCW, Noll M, Alberton CL, Kruel LFM. Effect of traditional resistance and power training using rated perceived exertion for enhancement of muscle strength, power, and functional performance. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 38:42. [PMID: 27009295 PMCID: PMC5005907 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-016-9904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of 12 weeks of traditional resistance training and power training using rated perceived exertion (RPE) to determine training intensity on improvements in strength, muscle power, and ability to perform functional task in older women. Thirty healthy elderly women (60-75 years) were randomly assigned to traditional resistance training group (TRT; n = 15) or power training group (PT; n = 15). Participants trained twice a week for 12 weeks using six exercises. The training protocol was designed to ascertain that participants exercised at an RPE of 13-18 (on a 6-20 scale). Maximal dynamic strength, muscle power, and functional performance of lower limb muscles were assessed. Maximal dynamic strength muscle strength leg press (≈58 %) and knee extension (≈20 %) increased significantly (p < 0.001) and similarly in both groups after training. Muscle power also increased with training (≈27 %; p < 0.05), with no difference between groups. Both groups also improved their functional performance after training period (≈13 %; p < 0.001), with no difference between groups. The present study showed that TRT and PT using RPE scale to control intensity were significantly and similarly effective in improving maximal strength, muscle power, and functional performance of lower limbs in elderly women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Leandro Tiggemann
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Brazil.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Univates University Center, Lajeado, Brazil.
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Caroline Pieta Dias
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Regis Radaelli
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Cassales Massa
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rafael Bortoluzzi
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Faculty of Serra Gaúcha, Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maira Cristina Wolf Schoenell
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Matias Noll
- Goiano Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology, Ceres, Brazil
| | - Cristine Lima Alberton
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Sports, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Martins Kruel
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Lopes PB, Pereira G, Lodovico A, Bento PCB, Rodacki ALF. Strength and Power Training Effects on Lower Limb Force, Functional Capacity, and Static and Dynamic Balance in Older Female Adults. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:385-393. [PMID: 26707497 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been proposed that muscle power is more effective to prevent falls than muscle force production capacity, as rapid reactions are required to allow the postural control. This study aimed to compare the effects of strength and power training on lower limb force, functional capacity, and static and dynamic balance in older female adults. Thirty-seven volunteered healthy women had been allocated into the strength-training group (n = 14; 69 ± 7.3 years, 155 ± 5.6 cm, 72 ± 9.7 kg), the power-training group (n = 12; 67 ± 7.4 years, 153 ± 5.5 cm, 67.2 ± 7 kg), and control group (n = 11; 65 ± 3.1 years, 154 ± 5.6 cm, 70.9 ± 3 kg). After 12 weeks of training, the strength-training and power-training groups increased significantly maximum dynamic strength (29% and 27%), isometric strength (26% and 37%), and step total time (13% and 14%, dynamic balance), respectively. However, only the power-training group increased the rate of torque development (55%) and the functional capacity in 30-second chair stand (22%) and in time up and go tests (-10%). Empirically, power training may reduce the risk of injuries due to lower loads compared to strength training, and consequently, the physical effort demand during the training session is lower. Therefore, power training should be recommended as attractive training stimuli to improve lower limb force, functional capacity, and postural control of older female adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Born Lopes
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Gleber Pereira
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Angélica Lodovico
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Paulo C B Bento
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - André L F Rodacki
- Physical Education Department, Federal University of Parana , Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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Medina-Perez C, de Souza-Teixeira F, Fernandez-Gonzalo R, Hernandez-Murua JA, Antonio de Paz-Fernandez J. Effects of high-speed power training on muscle strength and power in patients with multiple sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 53:359-68. [DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2014.08.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda de Souza-Teixeira
- Department of Physical Education and Health, School of Physical Education, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
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Lixandrão ME, Damas F, Chacon-Mikahil MP, Cavaglieri CR, Ugrinowitsch C, Bottaro M, Vechin FC, Conceição MS, Berton R, Libardi CA. Time Course of Resistance Training–Induced Muscle Hypertrophy in the Elderly. J Strength Cond Res 2016; 30:159-63. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Fonseca RM, Roschel H, Tricoli V, de Souza EO, Wilson JM, Laurentino GC, Aihara AY, de Souza Leão AR, Ugrinowitsch C. Changes in exercises are more effective than in loading schemes to improve muscle strength. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 28:3085-92. [PMID: 24832974 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of varying strength exercises and loading scheme on muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and maximum strength after 4 strength training loading schemes: constant intensity and constant exercise (CICE), constant intensity and varied exercise (CIVE), varied intensity and constant exercise (VICE), varied intensity and varied exercise (VIVE). Forty-nine individuals were allocated into 5 groups: CICE, CIVE, VICE, VIVE, and control group (C). Experimental groups underwent twice a week training for 12 weeks. Squat 1 repetition maximum was assessed at baseline and after the training period. Whole quadriceps muscle and its heads CSA were also obtained pretraining and posttraining. The whole quadriceps CSA increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) in all of the experimental groups from pretest to posttest in both the right and left legs: CICE: 11.6 and 12.0%; CIVE: 11.6 and 12.2%; VICE: 9.5 e 9.3%; and VIVE: 9.9 and 11.6%, respectively. The CIVE and VIVE groups presented hypertrophy in all of the quadriceps muscle heads (p ≤ 0.05), whereas the CICE and VICE groups did not present hypertrophy in the vastus medialis and rectus femoris (RF), and in the RF muscles, respectively (p > 0.05). The CIVE group had greater strength increments than the other training groups (effect size confidence limit of the difference [ESCLdiff] CICE: 1.41-1.56; VICE: 2.13-2.28; VIVE: 0.59-0.75). Our findings suggest: (a) CIVE is more efficient to produce strength gains for physically active individuals; (b) as long as the training intensity reaches an alleged threshold, muscle hypertrophy is similar regardless of the training intensity and exercise variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Fonseca
- 1Department of Sport, Laboratory of Neuromuscular Adaptations to Strength Training, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Department of Health Science and Human Performance, University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida; and 3Department of Sport, Delboni Auriemo Diagnostic Imaging Sector: A Division of DASA, São Paulo, Brazil
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Alves RC, Ferreira SDS, Benites ML, Krinski K, Follador L, Silva SGD. Exercícios com pesos sobre as respostas afetivas e perceptuais. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-86922015210302094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUÇÃO: Sensações de prazer/desprazer são moduladas de acordo com as intensidades prescritas para o exercício, demonstrando uma relação simples, onde quanto mais intenso o estímulo, maior o esforço percebido. OBJETIVO: Verificar as diferenças entre as respostas perceptuais e afetivas agudas em diferentes intensidades de exercícios com pesos em mulheres idosas. MÉTODOS: Quatorze mulheres com idade entre 65 e 75 anos, previamente sedentárias, com sobrepeso, foram submetidas a três diferentes intensidades de treinamento com pesos: 35% e 70% de 1RM, e autosselecionada. Foram avaliados o afeto e a percepção subjetiva do esforço (PSE). Após 30 minutos do término da sessão, foi avaliada a percepção subjetiva do esforço da sessão (PSE-S). Foi utilizado o teste de variância One-way ANOVA de um fator de medidas repetidas para as variáveis dependentes PSE-S, PSE e afeto, seguido de post hock de Tukey. RESULTADOS: A PSE-S demonstrou diferença significativa da testagem (F (7,99) =15,358; p=0,001) entre as intensidades, assim como para PSE entre cada exercício. A PSE-S, para 35% de 1RM, foi menor, quando comparada à PSE-S para 70% de 1RM, e à intensidade autosselecionada. A intensidade de 70% de 1RM, quando comparada com a intensidade autosselecionada, não apresentou diferença significativa. Em relação a PSE nos exercícios, foi observado um esforço significativamente maior (p < 0,001) para 70% de 1RM, quando comparados com a autosseleção da carga. O afeto revelou diferença significativa na intensidade de 35% de 1RM, mostrando uma resposta mais prazerosa, quando comparado à carga de 70% de 1RM, e à autosseleção da carga. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados demonstraram que baixas intensidades são percebidas como menor esforço e este fato contribuiu para a produção de respostas afetivas mais prazerosas. Além disso, fatores interindividuais são capazes de modular estas respostas, possibilitando a diminuição da percepção do esforço em intensidades mais vigorosas.
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Vechin FC, Libardi CA, Conceição MS, Damas FR, Lixandrão ME, Berton RP, Tricoli VA, Roschel HA, Cavaglieri CR, Chacon-Mikahil MPT, Ugrinowitsch C. Comparisons Between Low-Intensity Resistance Training With Blood Flow Restriction and High-Intensity Resistance Training on Quadriceps Muscle Mass and Strength in Elderly. J Strength Cond Res 2015; 29:1071-6. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000000703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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