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Von Seggern MJ, Rogers AE, Schenkelberg MA, Kellstedt DK, Welk GJ, High R, Dzewaltowski DA. Sociodemographic influences on youth sport participation and physical activity among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural communities. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345635. [PMID: 38450148 PMCID: PMC10916700 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lack of physical activity (PA) among children living in rural communities is a documented public health problem. Although studies have examined community conditions defined by a rural-urban dichotomy, few have investigated rural community conditions with a concentration of Hispanic/Latino people. This cross-sectional study examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with youth sport (YS) participation and daily PA among children living within concentrated Hispanic/Latino rural U.S. Midwest communities. Methods During spring 2022, 97% of 3rd-6th grade children (n = 281, aged approximately 8-12 years) attending school in rural Midwestern communities (n = 2) with >50% concentration of Hispanic students participated in the Wellscapes Project, a community randomized trial. Participants completed the Youth Activity Profile and supplemental National Survey of Children's Health questions assessing PA behaviors and YS participation. Caregivers of a subsample of children (n = 215; males, n = 93; females, n = 122) consented to pair their child's survey results with school enrollment records (e.g., free/reduced lunch status and race and ethnicity). Mixed models with community as a random effect examined main and interaction effects of grade, sex, ethnoracial status, and family income on YS participation and these sociodemographic characteristics and YS participation on daily moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA). Results Approximately half of children participated in YS. Non-Hispanic White children (n = 82) were over five times more likely to participate in YS than Hispanic peers (n = 133) (OR = 5.54, 95% CI = 2.64-11.61, p < 0.001). YS participants accumulated 8.3 ± 2.3 more minutes of daily MVPA than non-participants (p < 0.001). Sixth graders, females, and Hispanic children reported lower daily MVPA than comparison groups (p < 0.05). Significant interaction effects on daily MVPA between grade and ethnoracial status (F(3, 204) = 3.04, p = 0.030) were also found. Discussion Disparities in sport participation and PA outcomes based on sociodemographic characteristics exist among children living in ethnoracially diverse rural communities. Strategies to promote YS participation, including community structural changes, may help reduce PA disparities. The research provides valuable insights for policymakers, public health professionals, and community members to address YS participation barriers, not limited to cost, while considering other PA-promotion efforts to improve child population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary J. Von Seggern
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Ann E. Rogers
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Michaela A. Schenkelberg
- School of Health and Kinesiology, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Debra K. Kellstedt
- Texas A&M AgriLife Extension, Family and Community Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Robin High
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - David A. Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
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Stoepker P, Biber D, Davis A, Welk GJ, Meyer A. Contextualizing Adolescent Female Physical Activity Behavior: A Descriptive Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3125. [PMID: 36833821 PMCID: PMC9960919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity (PA) behavior tends to decline as youth get older, especially in female adolescents. The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding of female adolescent moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) behavior. Baseline MVPA data was collected during year one of a female-specific PA related program. The Youth Activity Profile was administered to contextualize current middle school female PA levels. Data were collected on over 600 6th-8th grade youths with even distributions by grade. No significant differences between grade, race/ethnicity, and MVPA minutes were found. The average estimated value for daily MVPA across all grades was 43.93 (+/-12.97) min, which is considerably lower than the public health recommendation of 60 min per days. Similar amounts were observed for weekend days 45.03 (+/-19.98) and weekdays 45.50 (+/-13.14); however, allocations were smaller during school (9.45 +/- 5.13 min) than at home (34.04 +/- 11.15). The findings from this study highlight the need for further investigation in developing sustainable and innovative PA interventions that target adolescent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Stoepker
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Duke Biber
- Department of Health Promotion & Physical Education, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA
| | - Ashlee Davis
- Department of Sport Management, Wellness, & Physical Education, University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA 75006, USA
| | - Gregory J. Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Rosenkranz RR, Dixon PM, Dzewaltowski DA, McLoughlin GM, Lee JA, Chen S, Vazou S, Lanningham-Foster LM, Gentile DA, Welk GJ. A cluster-randomized trial comparing two SWITCH implementation support strategies for school wellness intervention effectiveness. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:87-96. [PMID: 34871789 PMCID: PMC9923427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The School Wellness Integration Targeting Child Health (SWITCH) intervention has demonstrated feasibility as an implementation approach to help schools facilitate changes in students' physical activity (PA), sedentary screen time (SST), and dietary intake (DI). This study evaluated the comparative effectiveness of enhanced (individualized) implementation and standard (group-based) implementation. METHODS Twenty-two Iowa elementary schools participated, with each receiving standardized training (wellness conference and webinars). Schools were matched within region and randomized to receive either individualized or group implementation support. The PA, SST, and DI outcomes of 1097 students were assessed at pre- and post-intervention periods using the Youth Activity Profile. Linear mixed models evaluated differential change in outcomes by condition, for comparative effectiveness, and by gender. RESULTS Both implementation conditions led to significant improvements in PA and SST over time (p < 0.01), but DI did not improve commensurately (p value range: 0.02‒0.05). There were no differential changes between the group and individualized conditions for PA (p = 0.51), SST (p = 0.19), or DI (p = 0.73). There were no differential effects by gender (i.e., non-significant condition-by-gender interactions) for PA (pfor interaction = 0.86), SST (pfor interaction = 0.46), or DI (pfor interaction = 0.15). Effect sizes for both conditions equated to approximately 6 min more PA per day and approximately 3 min less sedentary time. CONCLUSION The observed lack of difference in outcomes suggests that group implementation of SWITCH is equally effective as individualized implementation for building capacity in school wellness programming. Similarly, the lack of interaction by gender suggests that SWITCH can be beneficial for both boys and girls. Additional research is needed to understand the school-level factors that influence implementation (and outcomes) of SWITCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard R Rosenkranz
- Department of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics & Health, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
| | - Philip M Dixon
- Department of Statistics, Snedecor Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1210, USA
| | - David A Dzewaltowski
- Department of Health Promotion, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE 68198-4365, USA
| | - Gabriella M McLoughlin
- Implementation Science Center for Cancer Control and Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Division of Public Health Sciences (Department of Surgery), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Joey A Lee
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
| | - Senlin Chen
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-4008, USA
| | - Spyridoula Vazou
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-4008, USA
| | | | - Doug A Gentile
- Department of Psychology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-1041, USA
| | - Gregory J Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011-4008, USA
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Wilson K, Schmidt A, Hess A, Vanos J, Ross A. Shifts in Self-Reported Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Play Among Lower-Socioeconomic Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study. Am J Health Promot 2022; 36:1335-1338. [PMID: 35582730 PMCID: PMC9125129 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221091234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The lack of in-person schooling and participation in structured recreation activities during the COVID-19 pandemic may have altered children's movement behaviors. This study assessed changes in children's self-reported in school and out of school physical activity, sedentary behavior, and play before and during the pandemic. DESIGN A repeated cross-sectional online survey was administered in February 2020 (pre-pandemic, in-person) and 2021 (during pandemic, remote). SETTING Children attended an urban public school district in Phoenix (AZ) serving a low-income population. SUBJECTS Students in grades 4-8 completed the survey in 2020 (n = 253, 62% response rate) and 2021 (n = 261, 77% response rate). MEASURES The survey included items from the Youth Activity Profile and three additional questions about play. ANALYSIS Differences in mean scores and mean scores by gender were analyzed using one-way and two-way ANOVAs. RESULTS Students reported less physical activity during remote recess in 2021 (M = 3.42, SD = .80 v. M = 2.99, SD = .86, p < .05). Physical activity outside of school decreased during the pandemic (M = 2.76, SD = 1.26 v. M = 2.53, SD = 1.18, p < .05). Most students (55%) reported playing less during the pandemic, but playing in new ways (67%). CONCLUSION Children may benefit from interventions to counter reduced movement experienced during the pandemic, particularly in under-resourced areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kylie Wilson
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Annette Schmidt
- Mary Lou Fulton Teachers College, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Aaron Hess
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Jennifer Vanos
- School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Allison Ross
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Kellstedt DK, Essay AM, Schenkelberg MA, Rosen MS, Von Seggern MJ, Idoate R, Welk GJ, Rosenkranz RR, Dzewaltowski DA. COVID-19 pandemic and changes in children's physical activity in a rural US community: a mixed methods study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e062987. [PMID: 36302579 PMCID: PMC9620527 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine differences in rural community children's moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and participation in out-of-school activities from fall 2019 to fall 2020 and explore enacted PA opportunity modifications post initial COVID-19 disruption. DESIGN Mixed methods study using the validated Youth Activity Profile (YAP), administrator reports and stakeholder surveys and semistructured interviews. SETTING Children and community stakeholders from one rural US Great Plains community in the state of Nebraska were recruited. PARTICIPANTS Third through fifth graders in fall 2019 (n=144) and fall 2020 (n=174) reported MVPA and participation in out-of-school activities using the YAP. School administrators reported weekly physical education (PE) and recess minutes. Community stakeholders reported pandemic-related changes in community social structures in semistructured interviews (n=4) and surveys (n=19). RESULTS Average daily MVPA minutes increased from 2019 to 2020 (75.0 vs 81.3, SE=1.6, p<0.05). Minutes of MVPA increased during: school hours (MD=2.7, SE=0.5, p<0.5); out-of-school time on weekdays (MD=3.9, SE=1.3, p<0.5); and on weekends (MD=5.5, SE=2.4, p<0.5). On average, fewer children participated in youth sport (42.5% vs 47.2%), youth clubs (10.3% vs 16.0%) and other out-of-school activities (24.1% vs 38.2%) in 2020, compared with 2019. Weekly PE/recess minutes increased from 208.3 to 241.7 from 2019 to 2020. Stakeholder surveys revealed community-driven modifications to PA opportunities, and interviews suggested children played outside more frequently, especially when school was closed and out-of-school activities were shut down. CONCLUSIONS Increased minutes of PE and recess, and decreased out-of-school activity participation may have increased children's overall free play and MVPA during the pandemic. Free play was an important contributor to children's PA during the pandemic and should be prioritised by educators, coaches and other leaders of child PA opportunities. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03380143.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra K Kellstedt
- AgriLife Extension Unit of Family & Community Health, Texas A&M University System, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Ann M Essay
- Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | | | - Marisa S Rosen
- Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Mary J Von Seggern
- Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Regina Idoate
- Health Promotion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Gregory J Welk
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Richard R Rosenkranz
- Kinesiology & Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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