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Prince SA, Dempsey PC, Reed JL, Rubin L, Saunders TJ, Ta J, Tomkinson GR, Merucci K, Lang JJ. The Effect of Sedentary Behaviour on Cardiorespiratory Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2024; 54:997-1013. [PMID: 38225444 PMCID: PMC11052788 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01986-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important indicator of current and future health. While the impact of habitual physical activity on CRF is well established, the role of sedentary behaviour (SB) remains less understood. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the effect of SB on CRF. METHODS Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus from inception to August 2022. Randomised controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies and cohort studies that assessed the relationship between SB and CRF were eligible. Narrative syntheses and meta-analyses summarised the evidence, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) certainty was based on evidence from randomised controlled trials. RESULTS This review included 18 studies that focused on youth (four randomised controlled trials, three quasi-experimental studies, 11 cohort studies) and 24 on adult populations (15 randomised controlled trials, five quasi-experimental studies, four cohort studies). In youth and adults, evidence from randomised controlled trials suggests mixed effects of SB on CRF, but with the potential for interventions to improve CRF. Quasi-experimental and cohort studies also support similar conclusions. Certainty of evidence was very low for both age groups. A meta-analysis of adult randomised controlled trials found that interventions targeting reducing SB, or increasing physical activity and reducing SB, had a significant effect on post-peak oxygen consumption (mean difference = 3.16 mL.kg-1.min-1, 95% confidence interval: 1.76, 4.57). CONCLUSIONS Evidence from randomised controlled trials indicates mixed associations between SB and CRF, with the potential for SB to influence CRF, as supported by meta-analytical findings. Further well-designed trials are warranted to confirm the relationship between SB and CRF, explore the effects of SB independent from higher intensity activity, and investigate the existence of such relationships in paediatric populations. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42022356218.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Prince
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Reed
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Exercise Physiology and Cardiovascular Health Lab, University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Human Kinetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Lukas Rubin
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Science, Humanities and Education, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
- Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Travis J Saunders
- Department Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Josephine Ta
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Grant R Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | | | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, 785 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Yuki A, Tamase Y, Nakayama M. Association between decreased grip strength in preschool children and the COVID-19 pandemic: an observational study from 2015 to 2021. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:4. [PMID: 36964625 PMCID: PMC10036968 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00321-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has reduced people’s physical activity. It is essential to accumulate knowledge regarding the influence of COVID-19 on the stimulation of physical fitness and physical functions. Several studies have reported the effects of COVID-19 on physical fitness; however, there are very few reports regarding preschoolers. This study aimed to compare the physical fitness of preschoolers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic to clarify the effects of curtailment of outings implemented to control the pandemic on physical fitness among preschoolers. Methods The subjects were 593 Japanese preschool children enrolled at a kindergarten during 2015–2019 and in 2021 who received a physical fitness test. Children enrolled in 2020 who did not receive a physical fitness test because of the COVID-19 pandemic were excluded. The physical fitness test included grip strength, standing long jump, and a 25-m run. The relationship between physical fitness level and survey year was analyzed using a general linear model, with grip strength and standing long jump as dependent variables, year of study as the independent variable, and sex and age in months as adjusted variables. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to analyze data for the 25-m run. Multiple comparisons were used to compare fitness levels between 2021 (during the COVID-19 pandemic) with levels in previous years. Results Significant relationships were found between survey year and each of grip strength (p < 0.001), standing long jump (p < 0.05), and 25-m run (p < 0.001) among the overall subjects. Grip strength was significantly lower in 2021 compared with the 2016–2019 period. Similarly, sub-stratification analysis by sex showed that grip strength was lower in 2021 than in previous survey years, in both sexes. However, there was no difference in standing long jump or 25-m run times between before and during the pandemic among the overall subjects or according to sex. Conclusions These findings indicate that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on the development of muscle strength in preschoolers, and suggest the need to develop strategies that could promote the development of muscle strength of preschool children when limitations are placed on activity during prolonged infectious disease pandemics. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40101-023-00321-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsumu Yuki
- grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Faculty of Education, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520 Japan
- grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Kuroshio Science Program, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Kochi University, 200 Monobe-Otsu, Nankoku City, Kochi 783-8502 Japan
| | - Yumi Tamase
- grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Faculty of Education, Kochi University, 2-5-1 Akebono, Kochi City, Kochi 780-8520 Japan
| | - Mika Nakayama
- grid.278276.e0000 0001 0659 9825Kindergarten affiliated with the Faculty of Education, Kochi University, 10-26 Odu, Kochi City, Kochi 780-0915 Japan
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3
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Wang G, Zeng D, Zhang S, Hao Y, Zhang D, Liu Y. The Effect of Different Physical Exercise Programs on Physical Fitness among Preschool Children: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4254. [PMID: 36901266 PMCID: PMC10002293 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preschool children are in a period of rapid physical and psychological development, and improving their level of physical fitness is important for their health. To better develop the physical fitness of preschool children, it is very important to understand the behavioral attributes that promote the physical fitness of preschool children. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of and the differences between different physical exercise programs in improving preschool children's physical fitness. METHODS A total of 309 preschool children aged 4-5 years were recruited from 5 kindergartens to participate in the experiment. They were cluster-randomly allocated into five groups: basic movements (BM) group, rhythm activities (RA) group, ball games (BG) group, multiple activities (MA) group, and control (CG) group. The intervention groups received designed physical exercise programs with a duration of 30 min 3 times per week for 16 weeks. The CG group received unorganized physical activity (PA) with no interventions. The physical fitness of preschool children was measured using the PREFIT battery before and after the interventions. One-way analysis of variance, a nonparametric test; generalized linear models (GLM); and generalized linear mixed models (GLMM) were used to examine differences during the pre-experimental stage among groups and to assess the differential effects of the intervention conditions on all outcome indicators. The intervention condition models were adjusted for potential confounders (baseline test results, age, gender, height, weight, and body mass index) explaining the main outcome variance. RESULTS The final sample consisted of 253 participants (girls 46.3%) with an average age of 4.55 ± 0.28 years: the BG group (n = 55), the RA group (n = 52), the BM group (n = 45), the MA group (n = 44), and the CG group (n = 57). The results of the generalized linear mixed model and generalized linear model analyses indicated significant differences for all physical fitness tests between groups, except for the 20 m shuttle run test and the sit-and-reach test after the interventions. Grip strength was significantly higher in the BG and MA groups than in the BM group. The scores for standing long jump were significantly higher in the MA group than in the other groups. The scores for the 10 m shuttle run test were significantly lower in the BG and MA groups than in the CG, BM, and RA groups. The scores for skip jump were significantly lower in the BG and MA groups than in the RA group. The scores for balance beam were significantly lower in the BG and MA groups than in the RA group and significantly lower in the BG group than in the BM group. The scores for standing on one foot were significantly higher in the BG and MA groups than in the CG and RA groups and significantly higher in the BM group than in the CG group. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise programs designed for preschool physical education have positive effects on the physical fitness of preschool children. Compared with the exercise programs with a single project and action form, the comprehensive exercise programs with multiple action forms can better improve the physical fitness of preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxu Wang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- College of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Dan Zeng
- College of Physical Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
- National Institute of Sports Medicine, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shikun Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yingying Hao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Danqing Zhang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
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4
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Breau B, Brandes M, Veidebaum T, Tornaritis M, Moreno LA, Molnár D, Lissner L, Eiben G, Lauria F, Kaprio J, De Henauw S, Ahrens W, Buck C. Longitudinal association of childhood physical activity and physical fitness with physical activity in adolescence: insights from the IDEFICS/I.Family study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:147. [PMID: 36494689 PMCID: PMC9733271 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine associations of early childhood physical fitness and physical activity (PA) with PA during later childhood/early adolescence while accounting for gender differences. METHODS We selected data of N = 4329 children from the IDEFICS/I. Family cohort (age 2.4-11.7 years) with data on baseline fitness and accelerometer measurements. At baseline, physical fitness tests were conducted including Flamingo balance, Backsaver sit and reach, Handgrip strength, Standing Long Jump, 40-m sprint and 20-m Shuttle run (to estimate cardio-respiratory fitness levels). PA was measured with Actigraph accelerometers over 3 days at baseline (ActiTrainer or GT1M) and 7 days at follow-up (GT3X). Evenson cutpoints were used to determine moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) time, and children with ≥60mins/day of average MVPA were deemed as having met WHO guidelines at baseline and follow-up. Linear and logistic regressions were performed to examine longitudinal associations between meeting WHO guidelines, MVPA, and physical fitness tests at baseline with meeting WHO guidelines and MVPA at follow-up. Models were conducted on the entire sample, the sex-stratified sample, and stratified by sex and pubertal status at follow-up. RESULTS Results showed that meeting WHO guidelines for MVPA at baseline was positively associated with MVPA (Standardized Beta (B) = 0.13, 95%CI:(5.6;11.1)) and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up for the entire sample (OR = 2.1, 95%CI:(1.5; 3.14), and stratified by males (OR = 2.5, 95%CI:(1.5; 4.1)) and females (OR = 1.8, 95%CI:(1.0; 3.2)). This was also found for both male pre/early pubertal and pubertal groups but only in the female pre/early pubertal group, and not the female pubertal group (MVPA: B = .00, 95%CI:(- 6.1; 5.6), WHO: OR = 0.61, 95%CI:(0.23;1.6)). Models indicated that Standing Long jump, 40-m sprint, Shuttle run and Flamingo balance at baseline were associated with MVPA and meeting the guidelines at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Meeting WHO guidelines and certain fitness tests at baseline were strongly associated with MVPA and meeting WHO guidelines at follow-up, but this association varied with sex and pubertal status. Consequently, these findings underline the importance of ensuring sufficient physical activity in terms of quality and quantity for children at the earliest stages of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN62310987.
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Affiliation(s)
- Becky Breau
- grid.34429.380000 0004 1936 8198Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada ,grid.418465.a0000 0000 9750 3253Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Mirko Brandes
- grid.418465.a0000 0000 9750 3253Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Toomas Veidebaum
- grid.416712.70000 0001 0806 1156Department of Chronic Diseases, National Institute for Health Development, Tallinn, Estonia
| | - Michael Tornaritis
- grid.513172.3Research and Education Institute of Child health, Strovolos, Cyprus
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- grid.11205.370000 0001 2152 8769GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón) Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain ,grid.484042.e0000 0004 5930 4615Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- grid.9679.10000 0001 0663 9479Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lauren Lissner
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gabriele Eiben
- grid.412798.10000 0001 2254 0954Department of Public Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Fabio Lauria
- grid.429574.90000 0004 1781 0819Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, Avellino, Italy
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Ahrens
- grid.418465.a0000 0000 9750 3253Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany ,grid.7704.40000 0001 2297 4381Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christoph Buck
- grid.418465.a0000 0000 9750 3253Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
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5
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Lin D, Chen DD, Huang J, Li Y, Wen XS, Shi HJ. Longitudinal association between the timing of adiposity peak and rebound and overweight at seven years of age. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:215. [PMID: 35439975 PMCID: PMC9016949 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The timing of adiposity peak (AP) or adiposity rebound (AR) is a determinant of overweight or obesity in adolescence and adulthood. However, limited studies have reported the association in young school-age children. We aimed to evaluate this association and explore the role of health behaviours in it. Methods Routinely collected, sequential, anthropometric data from the 1st to 80th months of age were used to estimate AP and AR timings in 2330 children born in Shanghai between 2010 and 2013. Multivariate regression analyses were applied to identify the associations between the AP or AR timings and the risk of developing overweight or obesity in first-grade school children. The roles of health behaviours, including dietary patterns, physical activity level, sleep and snacking habits, and screen time, were also evaluated. Results Children with a late AP or an early AR were at higher risk of overweight but not obesity or central obesity in their first grade. A high physical activity level was associated with a lower risk of having overweight in children with a late AP, and limited screen time was associated with a decreased risk of having overweight or obesity in children with an early AR. The absence of a late-night snacking habit in children with a non-early AR indicated a decreased risk of having overweight. However, this association was not observed among children with an early AR. Conclusion The timings of AP and AR are tied to overweight in middle childhood. Prevention strategies are suggested to move forward to control late AP and early AR. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03190-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lin
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Di-di Chen
- Minhang District Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Minhang Branch, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Minhang Maternal and Child Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Li
- Minhang Maternal and Child Health Centre, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Sa Wen
- Minhang District Centre of Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.,Minhang Branch, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui-Jing Shi
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Inactive Lifestyles among Young Children with Innocent Murmurs or Congenital Heart Disease Regardless of Disease Severity or Treatment. Can J Cardiol 2021; 38:59-67. [PMID: 34555459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary lifestyle morbidities are common among children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Understanding the physical activity trajectory from early childhood could enhance intervention timing/effectiveness. METHODS 154 children (56% male) were recruited at 12-47 months of age for this prospective, longitudinal, observational study. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour (7-day accelerometry) and motor skill (Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2) were assessed every 8 months until 5 years of age and then annually. Mixed effect repeated measures regression models described outcome trajectories across study assessments. RESULTS Children had an innocent heart murmur (n=28), CHD with insignificant hemodynamics not requiring treatment (n=47), CHD treated by catheterization or surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass (n=31), or CHD treated surgically with bypass (n=48). Motor skill was age appropriate (Peabody 49.0±8.4) but participants had lower physical activity (143±41 mins/day) and higher sedentary time (598±89 mins/day) than healthy peers, starting at 18 months of age. Movement behaviours were not related to treatment group (p>0.10), and physical activity was below the recommended 180 mins/day. Over time, physical activity, sedentary time and motor skill were primarily related to the baseline measure of each outcome (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Children with simple or complex CHD or innocent heart murmurs have an increased risk for sedentary lifestyles. Their physical activity and sedentary behaviours are established prior to 2 years of age, persist until school age, and are unrelated to motor skill. These results emphasize the need for interventions targeting the youngest children seen in a cardiac clinic, regardless of CHD diagnosis or innocent murmur.
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Byrne R, Terranova CO, Trost SG. Measurement of screen time among young children aged 0-6 years: A systematic review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13260. [PMID: 33960616 PMCID: PMC8365769 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The impact of screen-based devices on children's health and development cannot be properly understood without valid and reliable tools that measure screen time within the evolving digital landscape. This review aimed to summarize characteristics of measurement tools used to assess screen time in young children; evaluate reporting of psychometric properties; and examine time trends related to measurement and reporting of screen time. A systematic review of articles published in English across three databases from January 2009 to April 2020 was undertaken using PROSPERO protocol (registration: CRD42019132599) and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Included articles measured screen time as outcome, exposure, or confounder in children 0-6 years. The search identified 35,868 records, 1035 full-text articles were screened for eligibility, and 622 met inclusion criteria. Most measures (60%) consisted of one to three items and assessed duration of screen time on a usual day. Few measures assessed content (11%) or coviewing (7%). Only 40% of articles provided a citation for the measure, and only 69 (11%) reported psychometric properties-reliability n = 58, validity n = 19, reliability and validity n = 8. Between 2009 and 2019, the number of published articles increased from 28 to 71. From 2015, there was a notable increase in the proportion of articles published each year that assessed exposure to mobile devices in addition to television. The increasing number of published articles reflects increasing interest in screen time exposure among young children. Measures of screen time have generally evolved to reflect children's contemporary digital landscape; however, the psychometric properties of measurement tools are rarely reported. There is a need for improved measures and reporting to capture the complexity of children's screen time exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Byrne
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Caroline O. Terranova
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stewart G. Trost
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Centre for Children's Health Research (CCHR)Queensland University of Technology (QUT)South BrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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Downing KL, Hinkley T, Timperio A, Salmon J, Carver A, Cliff DP, Okely AD, Hesketh KD. Volume and accumulation patterns of physical activity and sedentary time: longitudinal changes and tracking from early to late childhood. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2021; 18:39. [PMID: 33731102 PMCID: PMC7971959 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-021-01105-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) decreases and sedentary time (SED) increases across childhood, with both behaviours tracking. However, no studies have examined how accumulation patterns of PA and SED (i.e., prolonged bouts, frequency of breaks in sedentary time) change and track over time. The aim of this study was to investigate longitudinal changes in and tracking of total volume and accumulation patterns of SED, light-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) among boys and girls. METHODS In 2008/09 (T1), children in HAPPY (3-5y; n = 758) in Melbourne, Australia wore ActiGraph GT1M accelerometers to objectively assess SED, LPA, MPA and VPA. This was repeated at age 6-8y (T2; n = 473) and 9-11y (T3; n = 478). Ten pattern variables were computed: bouts of ≥ 5-, ≥ 10-, ≥ 15- and ≥ 20-min for SED, ≥ 1- and ≥ 5-min for LPA, ≥ 1-min for MPA, ≥ 1- and ≥ 5-min for VPA, and breaks in SED (interruptions of > 25 counts 15 s- 1). Longitudinal mixed models examined changes from T1-3, controlling for T1 age. Generalized estimating equations assessed tracking over the three time points, controlling for T1 age and time between measurements. Analyses were stratified by sex. RESULTS Total volume and bouts of SED and SED breaks increased, while total volume and bouts of LPA decreased for both sexes. There was a small decrease in total volume of MPA for girls, but time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increased for both sexes. Total volume of VPA increased for both sexes, with time spent in ≥ 1-min bouts increasing for boys only. All volume and pattern variables tracked moderately for boys, except for all SED bouts ≥ 15-min, LPA bouts ≥ 5-min and MPA bouts ≥ 1-min (which tracked weakly). For girls, total SED and SED bouts ≥ 1-min tracked strongly, total volume of LPA, MPA and VPA, ≥ 5- and ≥ 10-min SED bouts, and ≥ 1-min LPA and MPA bouts tracked moderately, and SED breaks, all SED bouts ≥ 15 min, LPA bouts ≥ 5 min and all VPA bouts tracked weakly. CONCLUSIONS Patterns of SED and PA change from early to late childhood; with the exception of SED breaks and VPA, changes were detrimental. Total volumes and short bouts tended to track more strongly than longer bouts. Interventions to prevent declines in PA and increases in SED are important from early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Downing
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
| | - Trina Hinkley
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Anna Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jo Salmon
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Alison Carver
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Dylan P Cliff
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Anthony D Okely
- Early Start, Faculty of Social Sciences, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
| | - Kylie D Hesketh
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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9
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Kunaratnam K, Halaki M, Wen LM, Baur LA, Flood VM. Tracking Preschoolers' Lifestyle Behaviors and Testing Maternal Sociodemographics and BMI in Predicting Child Obesity Risk. J Nutr 2020; 150:3068-3074. [PMID: 33096560 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Longitudinal data investigating tracking of children's lifestyle behaviors and predictors of childhood obesity are limited. OBJECTIVES We examined changes in children's lifestyle behaviors (dietary, physical activity, and screen time) from ages 2-5 y to determine if maternal sociodemographic factors and BMI predict child obesity at 3.5 y and 5 y. METHODS Data were obtained from 667 first-time mothers who were recruited into the Healthy Beginnings Trial at 24-34 weeks of gestation in Sydney, Australia. Child lifestyle behaviors were assessed using face-to-face questionnaire interviews with mothers. To measure child and maternal anthropometry, BMI (in kg/m2) was calculated using measured height and weight. Children were categorized as overweight or obese based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria. We used 1-factor repeated-measures ANOVA to track preschoolers' lifestyle behaviors and multiple logistic regression to determine obesity predictors. RESULTS In children aged 2-5 y, consumption of vegetables (ηp2 = 0.06; P < 0.005) and milk (ηp2 = 0.02; P < 0.001) decreased, whereas physical activity (ηp2 = 0.07; P < 0.001) increased. Discretionary foods (sweet snacks, fast foods, salty snacks, processed meats, confectionary) (ηp2 = 0.03-0.25; P ≤ 0.01) and screen time (ηp2 = 0.39; P < 0.001) increased. Maternal BMI (in kg/m2) (Exp β: 1.06; 95% CI:1.01, 1.12 ; P=0.02), marital status (married/de facto compared with single) (Exp β: 0.06; 95% CI:0.01, 0.26; P < 0.001), and child BMI at 2 y (Exp β: 1.82; 95% CI: 1.46, 2.27; P < 0.001) predicted overweight/obesity at 3.5 y. Child BMI at 3.5 y (Exp β: 3.51; 95% CI: 2.50, 4.93; P < 0.001) predicted obesity at 5 y. CONCLUSIONS Poor dietary and lifestyle behaviours track in early childhood, with maternal single-parent status and high maternal and child BMI at 2 y predicting earlier obesity onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita Kunaratnam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Halaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Li M Wen
- Health Promotion Service, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Child & Adolescent Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Victoria M Flood
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Western Sydney Local Health District, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Shore E, Cheung PC, Hyde E, Gazmararian JA. Physical Activity Opportunities and Academic Outcomes of Fourth Grade Elementary School Students in Georgia. THE JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2020; 90:25-31. [PMID: 31770813 DOI: 10.1111/josh.12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity at schools is an important component in combatting childhood obesity. Studies have shown that physical activity at school is positively associated with academic outcomes. The purpose of this study is to examine associations between opportunity of physical activity time at school and academic outcomes. METHODS This statewide, cross-sectional study utilized 2 data sources from the Georgia Department of Education and Georgia Shape in 860 schools. Multivariable linear regression analysis assessed the impact of the amount of physical activity time at school and standardized test scores, controlling for aerobic capacity, BMI, race, gender, school size, geographic category, and SES. RESULTS Time of physical activity opportunity at school was not significantly associated with Mathematics or Reading CRCT scores (p = .94, p = .31, respectively). SES had the greatest impact on test scores, where higher SES schools had higher standardized test scores (p < .01 for all tests scores). CONCLUSION Time of physical activity opportunities at school was not significantly associated with standardized test scores. SES appears to be the most important factor in academic outcomes. Time spent in PA at school does not negatively affect academic outcomes and should be utilized to prevent/reduce childhood overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Shore
- Center for Health, Work & Environment, Colorado School of Public Health, 13001 E, 17th Place, Aurora, Colorado, 80045
| | - Patricia C Cheung
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Eric Hyde
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
| | - Julie A Gazmararian
- Rollins School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, 1518 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia, 30322
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Antje Körner
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- University Hospital for Children and Adolescents Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases (LIFE Child), Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Barros SSH, Nahas MV, Hardman CM, Bezerra J, Barros MVGD. Longitudinal follow-up of physical activity from preschool to school age: the ELOS-Pré study. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE CINEANTROPOMETRIA E DESEMPENHO HUMANO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1980-0037.2019v21e59242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to verify if the practice of physical activity in the preschool age (3-5 years) is predictive of this behavior after entering the school age (5-7 years).A longitudinal, school-based study with 700 children enrolled in public and private schools of the city of Recife, Pernambuco, who were evaluated in 2010 and followed in 2012. The study variables were the time spent in outdoor games and plays (a measure referred to by the parents / guardians of children through questionnaire applied as an interview) and the level of physical activity (objective measure obtained by the Actigraph accelerometer). The latter measure was extracted from a subsample (n = 98) of children. To analyze data, binary logistic regression was used. Children who spent 60+ minutes per day in this type of activity were 45% more likely of maintaining this behavior after entering the school age (OR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.02-2.07, p = 0.04). In addition, children who presented global NAF measure of 300+ counts / minute in 2010 were 173% more likely of maintaining this level of physical activity after entering the school age (OR = 2.73, 95% CI, 98-7.59, p = 0.06). It was verified that the practice of physical activity in the preschool age is a predictor of this behavior after entering the school age. It is suggested the development of campaigns to inform parents and teachers about the importance of early adherence to physical activity recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jorge Bezerra
- University of Pernambuco, Brazil; University of Pernambuco, Brazil
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