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Kowalczyk M, Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Kostrzewa M. Health Outcomes of Judo Training as an Organized Physical Activity for Children and Adolescents: A Literature Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1290. [PMID: 37628289 PMCID: PMC10453300 DOI: 10.3390/children10081290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Judo, an organized physical activity for children and adolescents, has gained popularity worldwide. Physical activity is vital during times of rising obesity and a sedentary lifestyle in this age group. The article aims to review the current knowledge of the health benefits of judo-specific exercises for children and youth. Six international scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, UpToDate, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar) were searched from 1 January 2007 to 30 September 2022. The search focused on health-related factors regarding healthy preschool and school-aged judo practitioners. Sixteen original studies met the inclusion criteria. School-aged children aged 7-15 years were included in the analysis. The average training time was between two and six hours a week, with the judo intervention mainly ranging from nine months to three years. Most studies registered positive changes caused by judo training. The outcomes focused on maintaining or reducing body fat, increasing bone mineralization, and improving the function of the cardiorespiratory system compared to the non-practicing control group. However, there were no differences between judo and other sports groups. The main conclusions presented health benefits from judo-specific training in school-aged children and may support the World Health Organization recommendations concerning daily physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kowalczyk
- Department of Health Prophylaxis, University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland;
| | | | - Maciej Kostrzewa
- Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, 40-065 Katowice, Poland;
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Khalil N, Pinti A, El Hage R. The Effects of a 1-Year Recreational Kung Fu Protocol on Bone Health Parameters in a Group of Healthy Inactive Young Men. J Clin Densitom 2023; 26:101418. [PMID: 37356377 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2023.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of the current study was to explore the effects of a 1-year recreational Kung Fu protocol on bone health parameters (bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), femoral neck geometry and composite indices of femoral neck strength) in a group of healthy inactive young men. 54 young inactive men voluntarily participated in this study, but only 51 of them completed it. The participants were assigned to 2 different groups: control group (n=31) and Kung Fu group (n=20). The Kung Fu group performed two sessions of recreational Kung Fu per week; the duration of each session was 45 minutes. The current study has demonstrated that whole body (WB) BMC, ultra-distal (UD) radius BMD, 1/3 radius BMD, total radius BMD, total forearm BMD, maximal strength, maximum oxygen consumption and jumping performance increased in the Kung Fu group but not in the control group. The percentages of variations in WB BMC, forearm BMD and physical performance parameters were significantly different between the two groups. In conclusion, this study suggests that recreational Kung Fu is an effective method to improve WB BMC, forearm BMD and physical performance parameters in young inactive men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Khalil
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon; Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, LARSH - Laboratoire de Recherche Sociétés & Humanités, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Antonio Pinti
- Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France, INSA Hauts-de-France, LARSH - Laboratoire de Recherche Sociétés & Humanités, F-59313 Valenciennes, France
| | - Rawad El Hage
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, University of Balamand, Kelhat El-Koura, Lebanon.
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Christofaro DGD, Tebar WR, Saraiva BTC, da Silva GCR, Dos Santos AB, Mielke GI, Ritti-Dias RM, Mota J. Comparison of bone mineral density according to domains of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:72. [PMID: 35105341 PMCID: PMC8805312 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03135-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatic maturation and the age at onset of puberty are closely related to bone mineral density (BMD), and are potential confounders of the associations between physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB) and BMD in adolescents. Thus the aim was compare BMD at different anatomical sites according to different domains of SB. METHODS The sample consisted of 88 young people (54 boys and 34 girls; 9.5 ± 1.5 years). The self-reported SB was measured by the time spent on TV, computer, video game and smartphone. BMD at each location and throughout the body was assessed by DEXA. Physical activity was assessed by a questionnaire. The comparison of the different types of BMD sites according to the SB levels for each screen device and the total SB were analyzed by Covariance Analysis (ANCOVA). RESULTS Whole-body BMD was higher in young people with low total SB (Total BMD = 0.957 ± 0.042) than in those with moderate (Total BMD = 0.921 ± 0.053) and high SB (Total BMD = 0.929 ± 0.051) (p-value = 0.011). Children and adolescents with low total SB had higher BMD legs (0.965 ± 0.056) than young people with high total SB (BMD legs = 0.877 ± 0.209), but this relationship was attenuated when the analyzes were adjusted for physical activity (p-value = 0.068). CONCLUSION Adolescents with high sedentary behavior tend to have lower whole body bone mineral density than those with low sedentary behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Giulliano Destro Christofaro
- School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen street, number 305, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, 19.060-900, Brazil.
| | - William Rodrigues Tebar
- School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen street, number 305, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, 19.060-900, Brazil
| | - Bruna Thamyres Ciccotti Saraiva
- School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen street, number 305, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, 19.060-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Caroline Rodrigues da Silva
- School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen street, number 305, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, 19.060-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Barbosa Dos Santos
- School of Technology and Sciences, Presidente Prudente, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Roberto Simonsen street, number 305, Presidente Prudente, Sao Paulo, 19.060-900, Brazil
| | - Gregore Iven Mielke
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Jorge Mota
- Research Center on Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Abstract
BACKGROUND This review paper aims to report on the last 5 years of relevant research on pediatric bone health in regard to nutrition and obesity, ethnic disparities, common orthopaedic conditions, trauma, spine, and sports medicine. METHODS A search of the PubMed database was completed using the following terms: bone health, Vitamin D, pediatric, adolescent, sports medicine, fractures, spine, scoliosis, race, ethnicity, obesity, Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, neuromuscular, and cancer. Resultant papers were reviewed by study authors and determined to be of quality and relevance for description in this review. Papers from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2020 were included. RESULTS A total of 85 papers were selected for review. General results include 7 key findings. (1) Obesity inhibits pediatric bone health with leptin playing a major role in the process. (2) Socioeconomic and demographic disparities have shown to have a direct influence on bone health. (3) Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to an increased fracture risk and severity in children. (4) Formal vitamin D monitoring can aid with patient compliance with treatment. (5) Patients with chronic medical conditions are impacted by low vitamin D and need ongoing monitoring of their bone health to decrease their fracture risk. (6) Vitamin D deficiency in pediatrics has been correlated to low back pain, spondylolysis, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Osteopenic patients with AIS have an increased risk of curve progression requiring surgery. Before spine fusion, preoperative screening for vitamin D deficiency may reduce complications of fractures, insufficient tissue repair, loosening hardware, and postoperative back pain. (7) Increasing youth sports participation has resulted in increased bone health related injuries. However, improved understanding of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport effects on bone health has recently occurred. CONCLUSIONS Increasing awareness of bone health issues in children will improve their recognition and treatment. Further research is needed on diagnosis, treatment, outcomes, and most importantly prevention of pediatric bone health diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan T Mahan
- Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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The Mediating Role of Lean Soft Tissue in the Relationship between Somatic Maturation and Bone Density in Adolescent Practitioners and Non-Practitioners of Sports. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18063008. [PMID: 33804074 PMCID: PMC8000751 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the mediating effect of lean soft tissue (LST) in the association between somatic maturation and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in adolescents by sex and sport participation. The sample included 558 adolescents (401 males, mean age of 14.0 years) that were practitioners of sports (11 sport modalities, n = 402) and a non-sport group (n = 157). Somatic maturation was assessed by using a validated peak height velocity prediction equation. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to assess aBMD (upper and lower limbs, spine and total body less head—TBLH) and LST. For both sexes, LST mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 36.3% to 75.4%). For sport and non-sport groups, the LST also mediated the association between somatic maturation and aBMD at all skeletal sites (mediation percentage ranging from 51.6% to 85.6%). The direct effect was observed in all groups, except for lower limbs and TBLH in the non-sport group. The association between somatic maturation and aBMD was mediated by LST in adolescents of both sexes and regardless of involvement in organized sports. Our findings highlighted the role of improving LST to mitigate the association of somatic maturation with aBMD.
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Lynch KR, Anokye NK, Vlachopoulos D, Barbieri FA, Turi-Lynch BC, Codogno JS, Agostinete RR, Fernandes RA. Impact of sports participation on incidence of bone traumatic fractures and health-care costs among adolescents: ABCD - Growth Study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2020; 48:298-303. [PMID: 31662014 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2019.1685859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the risk of bone traumatic fractures according to the engagement in sports, as well as to identify the potential impact of sports participation and traumatic fractures on health-care costs among adolescents. Methods: This is a longitudinal 12-month study of 285 adolescents of both sexes in Brazil. We assessed the occurrence of traumatic fractures and health-care services (hospitalizations, medicine use, medical consultations, and exams) by phone contact every month for 12 months. Adolescents were divided into four groups according to sport characteristics: non-sport (n = 104), non-impact sport (swimming [n = 34]), martial arts (n = 49 [judo, karate, kung-Fu]) and impact sports (n = 98 [track-and-field, basketball, gymnastics, tennis, and baseball]). Results: The incidence of new fractures was 2.1%. The overall costs accounted during the 12-month follow-up were U$ 3,259.66. Swimmers (US$ 13.86) had higher health-care costs than non-sport (US$ 1.82), martial arts (US$ 2.23), and impact sports (US$ 2.32). Conclusion: swimming seems to be related to higher health-care costs among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Lynch
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Science. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nana K Anokye
- Institute of Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University , London, UK
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter , Exeter, UK
| | - Fabio A Barbieri
- Department of Physical Education, São Paulo State University (UNESP) - Campus Bauru, Human Movement Research Laboratory (MOVI-LAB) , Bauru, Brazil
| | - Bruna C Turi-Lynch
- Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jamile S Codogno
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Science. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R Agostinete
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Science. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romulo A Fernandes
- Post-Graduation Program in Movement Science. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise - LIVE. Department of Physical Education, Sao Paulo State University - UNESP , Presidente Prudente, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Mantovani AM, Werneck AO, Agostinete RR, Lima MCS, Codogno JS, Turi-Lynch BC, Fernandes RA. Impact of physical activity during weekdays and weekends on fat mass among adults: 12-month cohort study. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:201-207. [PMID: 32401834 PMCID: PMC9671227 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0465.r1.16012020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) practices seem to differ between weekdays and weekends and these pattern changes can affect body fat differently. However, previous studies did not assess the mediation effect of weekday and weekend PA on maintenance of body fat using sophisticated statistical models. OBJECTIVE To analyze the mediation effect of PA during weekdays and weekends on maintenance of fat mass over a 12-month follow-up. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal cohort study (12 months) conducted at a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. METHODS A sample of 225 adults (117 females) was used. Body fatness and fat mass were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels were assessed using a pedometer. The statistical analysis consisted of paired-sample t tests, independent-sample t tests, Pearson correlations and mediation models. RESULTS After 12 months, weekend PA had decreased while body composition indicators remained stable (without changes). The correlation between fat mass at baseline and follow-up was high for both sexes (men: 0.966; women: 0.941; P-value = 0.001 for both). Moreover, PA indices were inversely but moderately related to fat mass at baseline and follow-up. Lastly, weekend PA mediated the association between fat mass at baseline and follow-up (P-value < 0.05) by around 2% and 4%. CONCLUSION Weekend PA mediated the association between fat mass at baseline and fat mass after one year of follow-up among these adults. Further studies are required to investigate the association between physical activity, body fat and other variables such as dietary patterns and sleep time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Madia Mantovani
- PhD. Postdoctoral Researcher, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil; Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - André Oliveira Werneck
- BSc. Master’s Student, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil; Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil; Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Manoel Carlos Spiguel Lima
- PhD. Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Jamile Sanches Codogno
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil; Lead Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Bruna Camilo Turi-Lynch
- PhD. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Exercise Science. Lander University, Greenwood (SC), United States; Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- PhD. Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil; Lead Researcher, Laboratory of Investigation on Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil.
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Bone accrual over 18 months of participation in different loading sports during adolescence. Arch Osteoporos 2020; 15:64. [PMID: 32335776 DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density accrual in adolescents over 18 months. The impact sports were beneficial for bone health (accrual of bone density). In contrast, swimmers had similar or lower bone mineral density compared with the control group depending on the skeletal site. PURPOSE To investigate the impact and non-impact sports on bone mineral density (BMD) accrual in adolescents over a period of 18 months METHODS: The sample was composed of 71 adolescents, avarage age of 12.7 (± 1.7) years old at baseline. Bone outcomes were compared according to the loading of the sports practiced (impact sports, n = 33 [basketball, karate, and judo], non-impact sport, n = 18 [swimming], and control group, n = 20). Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD) estimated through equation. The results were compared between the groups using analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. RESULTS Adjusted aBMD at lower limbs, whole body less head (WBLH), and adjusted WBLH BMAD were significantly greater in the impact sport group than the non-impact sport group at all time points. Adjusted upper limbs aBMD was significantly higher at the impact sports group compared to the non-impact sport group at 9 months and 18 months, besides compared to the control group at baseline and 18 months. Non-impact sport group presented a significant lower adjusted aBMD compared with control group at lower limbs and WBLH at 9 months, and at 9 months and 18 months in WBLH BMAD. There was a significant interaction (time × sport group) at upper limbs (p = 0.042) and WBLH aBMD (p = 0.006), and WBLH BMAD (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Impact sports were more beneficial on accumulating aBMD and BMAD over a period of 18 months, while non-impact group (swimmers) had similar and lower aBMD and BMAD compared with the control group.
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Patel H, Sammut L, Denison H, Teesdale-Spittle P, Dennison E. The Relationship Between Non-elite Sporting Activity and Calcaneal Bone Density in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Narrative Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2020; 11:167. [PMID: 32210834 PMCID: PMC7069218 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporotic fractures represent a major public health burden. The risk of fragility fractures in late adulthood is strongly impacted by peak bone mass acquisition by the third decade. Weight-bearing sporting activity may be beneficial to peak bone mass accrual, but previous studies have focused on elite sporting activity and have used dual energy X-ray absorptiometry as a measure of bone density. The authors performed a narrative systematic review of individual sports (performed non-competitively or at local level) and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (cQUS) bone measures in young people. Methods: Multiple databases were systematically searched up until the 31st of March 2019. The authors included studies of participants' mean age (11–35 years), reporting any level of recreational sporting activity and cQUS measures as well as excluding elite/professional sporting physical activity. Studies (title and abstract) were screened independently by two reviewers, and a third reviewer resolved any discrepancies. STROBE guidelines were used to check the reporting of observational studies. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to assess the risk of bias of the studies included in the review. The systematic review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO). Results: A search yielded 29,512 articles that considered relationships between bone density assessed by any technique and sporting activity. Duplicate and out of scope abstracts were removed. This left 424 papers that were screened by two reviewers; of these, six met the inclusion criteria, including assessment by cQUS. The authors identified papers where sports were considered, included soccer (football), swimming, cycling, gymnastics, dancing, badminton, basketball, fencing, wrestling, and judokas. Although study heterogeneity prohibited meta-analysis, all six included studies reported significant benefits of weight-bearing non-elite sports on cQUS outcomes. Conclusion: Our study found beneficial effects of non-elite sports participation on cQUS in adolescence and young adulthood, although further work is now indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hansa Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Luke Sammut
- Rheumatology, University Hospital Southampton, Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley Denison
- Centre for Public Health Research, Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Paul Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Elaine Dennison
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.,MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Luiz-de-Marco R, Kemper H, Agostinete RR, Werneck AO, Maillane-Vanegas S, Faustino-da-Silva YDS, Exupério I, Fernandes RA. Sports participation and muscle mass affect sex-related differences in bone mineral density between male and female adolescents: A longitudinal study. SAO PAULO MED J 2019; 137:75-81. [PMID: 31116275 PMCID: PMC9721219 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.031040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sports participation plays an important role in bone gain during childhood and adolescence. The aim here was to identify sex-related determinants of bone mineral density (BMD) differences between male and female adolescents, with emphasis on the role of sports participation. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal study conducted in a public university in Presidente Prudente, Brazil. METHODS The sample comprised 48 adolescents aged 11-17 years, of both sexes, who were matched according to sex, age and sports participation. BMD was the main outcome, while muscle mass, sports participation, calendar age and biological maturation were treated as covariates. Participants were followed up after nine months. RESULTS At baseline, BMD values were similar between the sexes. However, adjustment for covariates showed that BMD was higher among girls at all sites, with a contribution from lean soft tissue (LST) in the model (partial eta-squared, ES-r = 0.619 in upper limbs; 0.643 in lower limbs; 0.699 in spine; and 0.599 in whole body). Sports participation only explained the upper-limb variance (ES-r = 0.99). At the follow-up, the results resembled the baseline except in the lower limbs (P = 0.109), in which BMD was similar between the groups. BMD gain over time was similar between girls and boys in all segments, and baseline LST affected upper-limb and whole-body BMD accrual (ES-r = 0.396 and 0.107, respectively). CONCLUSION Whole-body and specific-site BMD differed between baseline and follow-up. However,BMD accrual was similar between the sexes, given that muscle mass constituted the most relevant determinant of the difference between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Luiz-de-Marco
- Master's Student and Researcher of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Postgraduate Student, Postgraduate Program on Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Han Kemper
- PhD. Emeritus Professor, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Ribeiro Agostinete
- MSc. Researcher, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - André Oliveira Werneck
- Master's Student and Researcher, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Santiago Maillane-Vanegas
- MSc. Researcher,Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Doctoral Student, Postgraduate Program on Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Yuri da Silva Faustino-da-Silva
- Master's Student and Researcher of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Postgraduate Student, Postgraduate Program on Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Isabella Exupério
- Master's Student and Researcher of Physical Education, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Postgraduate Student, Postgraduate Program on Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
| | - Rômulo Araújo Fernandes
- PhD. Associate Professor, Laboratory of InVestigation in Exercise (LIVE), Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program on Physical Therapy, Department of Physical Therapy, UNESP; and Associate Professor, Postgraduate Program on Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, UNESP, Presidente Prudente (SP), Brazil
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Kutáč P, Bunc V, Sigmund M. Whole-body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry demonstrates better reliability than segmental body composition analysis in college-aged students. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215599. [PMID: 31009495 PMCID: PMC6476531 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is rapidly becoming more accessible and popular as a technique to monitor body composition. The reliability of DXA has been examined extensively using a number of different methodological approaches. This study sets up to investigate the accuracy of measuring the parameters of body composition (BC) by means of the whole-body and the segmental DXA method analysis with the typical error of measurement (TEM) that allows for expressing the error in the units of measure. The research was implemented in a group of 63 participants, all of whom were university students. Thirty-eight males (22.6±2.9 years, average body mass 77.5±8.4 kg) and 25 females (21.4±2.0 years, average body mass 58.6±7.2 kg) were recruited. The measured parameters included body mass (BM), fat-free mass (FFM), body fat (BF), bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD). For the whole-body analysis, the determined TEM was: BM at the level of 0.12 kg in females and 0.29 kg in males; BF 0.25kg and 0.44% females, 0.52 kg and 0.66% males; FFM 0.24 kg females and 0.42 kg males; BMC 0.02 kg females and males; BMD 0.01g/cm2 females and males. The TEM values in the segmental analysis were: BF within the range of 0.04-0.28 kg and 0.68-1.20% in females, 0.10-0.36 kg and 0.72-1.94% in males; FFM 0.08-0.41 kg females and 0.17-0.86 males, BMC 0.00-0.02 kg females and 0.01-0.02 kg males in relation to the body segment (upper limb, trunk, lower limb). The BMD value was at the level of 0.01-0.02g/cm2. The study results showed high reliability in measuring body composition parameters using the DXA method. The whole-body analysis showed a higher accuracy of measurement than the segmental. Only the changes that are greater than the TEM, or the upper bound (95%) of the confidence interval of the measurement can be considered demonstrable when interpreting repeated measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Kutáč
- Human Motion Diagnostics Center, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Bunc
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Charles University, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Sigmund
- Application Centre BALUO, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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Adults Engaged in Sports in Early Life Have Higher Bone Mass Than Their Inactive Peers. J Phys Act Health 2018; 15:516-522. [DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2017-0366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To analyze the relationship between engagement in sports in early life and bone variables among adults of both sexes. Methods: The sample was composed of 225 men and women. Demographic data were collected, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to assess bone mineral density, bone mineral content, and lean soft tissue. Sports participation in early life was assessed by an interview including childhood and adolescence. Consumption of tobacco and alcohol was also assessed by interview and the habitual physical activity level by a pedometer. Results: Inactive men had bone mineral content around 11% lower than active men in childhood or adolescence, whereas for women, this difference represented around 14%. Active men had 74% less fat mass than inactive men in early life, and the difference was 67% for women. Early sports participation explained the differences in whole-body bone mineral content (16.8%, P-value = .005) and bone mineral density (8.8%, P-value = .015), as well as bone mineral density in lower limbs (18.9%, P-value = .001) among women. Conclusion: Adults engaged in sports in early life have higher bone mass than their inactive peers, especially women.
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