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Cook CE, Keter D, Cade WT, Winkelstein BA, Reed WR. Manual therapy and exercise effects on inflammatory cytokines: a narrative overview. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1305925. [PMID: 38745971 PMCID: PMC11091266 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1305925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Matching disease and treatment mechanisms is a goal of the Precision Medicine Initiative. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2, 10, and 12) have gained a significant amount of interest in their potential role in persistent pain for musculoskeletal (MSK) conditions. Manual therapy (MT) and exercise are two guideline-recommended approaches for treating MSK conditions. The objective of this narrative overview was to investigate of the effects of MT and exercise on pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and determine the factors that lead to variability in results. Methods Two reviewers evaluated the direction and variabilities of MT and exercise literature. A red, yellow, and green light scoring system was used to define consistencies. Results Consistencies in responses were seen with acute and chronic exercise and both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chronic exercise is associated with a consistent shift towards a more anti-inflammatory cytokine profile (Transforming Growth Factor-beta, and Interleukin-2 and 13, whereas acute bouts of intense exercise can transiently increase pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. The influence of MT on cytokines was less commonly studied and yielded more variable results. Conclusion Variability in findings is likely related to the subject and their baseline condition or disease, when measurement occurs, and the exercise intensity, duration, and an individual's overall health and fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad E. Cook
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Damian Keter
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - William Todd Cade
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopaedics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Beth A. Winkelstein
- Departments of Bioengineering & Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - William R. Reed
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Hatakeyama J, Inoue S, Li C, Takamura D, Jiang H, Kuroki H, Moriyama H. Effects of acute- and long-term aerobic exercises at different intensities on bone in mice. J Bone Miner Metab 2024; 42:185-195. [PMID: 38349543 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-023-01491-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exercise intensity determines the benefits of aerobic exercise. Our objectives were, in aerobic exercise at different intensities, to determine (1) changes in bone metabolism-related genes after acute exercise and (2) changes in bone mass, strength, remodeling, and bone formation-related proteins after long-term exercise. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total 36 male C57BL/6J mice were divided into a control group and exercise groups at 3 different intensities: low, moderate, or high group. Each exercise group was assigned to acute- or long-term exercise groups. Tibias after acute exercise were evaluated by real-time PCR analysis. Furthermore, hindlimbs of long-term exercise were assessed by micro-CT, biomechanical, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS Acute moderate-intensity exercise decreased RANKL level as bone resorption marker, whereas low- and high-intensity exercise did not alter it. Additionally, only long-term exercise at moderate intensity increased bone mass and strength. Moderate-intensity exercise promoted osteoblast activity and suppressed osteoclast activity. After low- and high-intensity exercise, osteoblast and osteoclast activity were unchanged. An increase in the number of β-catenin-positive cells and a decrease in sclerostin-positive cells were observed in the only moderate group. CONCLUSION These results showed that moderate-intensity exercise can inhibit bone resorption earlier, and long-term exercise can increase bone mass and strength through promoted bone formation via the Wnt/β-catenin activation. High-intensity exercise, traditionally considered better for bone, may fail to stimulate bone remodeling, leading to no change in bone mass and strength. Our findings suggest that moderate-intensity exercise, neither too low nor high, can maintain bone health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpei Hatakeyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kuroki
- Department of Physical Therapy, Graduate School of Medicine, Human Health Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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Zhao Z, Yan K, Guan Q, Guo Q, Zhao C. Mechanism and physical activities in bone-skeletal muscle crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1287972. [PMID: 38239981 PMCID: PMC10795164 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1287972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone and skeletal muscle work in coordination to maintain the function of the musculoskeletal system, in which skeletal muscle contraction drives the movement of the bone lever system while bone provides insert sites for skeletal muscle through the bone-muscle junction. Existing evidence suggests that factors secreted by skeletal muscle and bone mediate the interaction between the two tissues. Herein, we focused on the relationship between skeletal muscle and bone and the underlying mechanism of the interaction. Exercise can promote bone strength and secrete osteocalcin and insulin-like growth factor I into the blood, thus improving muscle quality. In addition, exercise can also promote myostatin, interleukin-6, Irisin, and apelin in muscles to enter the blood so that they can act on bones to maintain the balance between bone absorption and bone formation. There is a special regulatory axis interleukin-6/osteocalcin between myokines and osteokines, which is mainly influenced by exercise. Therefore, we pay attention to the important factors in the bone-muscle intersection that are affected by exercise, which were found or their functions were expanded, which strengthened the connection between organs of the whole body, highlighting the importance of exercise and contributing to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Zhao
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Guan
- School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Can Zhao
- College of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
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Zagrodna A, Książek A, Słowińska-Lisowska M, Chmura J, Ponikowski P, Lombardi G. Effects of running a marathon on sclerostin and parathyroid hormone concentration in males aged over 50. J Sports Sci 2023; 41:796-802. [PMID: 37506230 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2240618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to verify whether running a marathon (32nd Wroclaw Marathon) was associated with changes in sclerostin and intact PTH (iPTH) concentration in middle-aged males. We enrolled 33 males who completed the marathon race. Blood samples were taken 60 minutes before (V1), immediately after (V2), and 7 days after the run (V3). The mean serum sclerostin concentration was 42.4 ± 10.8 pmol/L at V1, increased to 62.9 ± 12.6 pmol/L at V2 (t= -11.206; p < 0.001) and returned to baseline in V3 (t = 8.344; p < 0.001, V3 vs. V2). A similar trend was recorded for iPTH (t= -7.440; p < 0.001, for V2 vs. V1; t = 6.229; p < 0.001, for V3 vs. V2), at V3, iPTH levels remained significantly higher than V1 (t= -2.759; p = 0.010). The results of our study suggest that, in middle-aged males, running a marathon affects skeletal metabolism by activating two counteracting mechanisms, although temporarily overlapping: first, by a sudden inhibition of bone formation, through induction sclerostin expression and, secondly, by a long-lasting induction of PTH, which also guarantees the maintenance of adequate circulating levels of calcium. The net effect would be the maintenance of adequately high levels of circulating calcium to be used for neuromuscular activity and muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Zagrodna
- Department of Biological and Medical Basis of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Książek
- Department of Biological and Medical Basis of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Słowińska-Lisowska
- Department of Biological and Medical Basis of Sport, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jan Chmura
- Department of Biological and Motor Sport Bases, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Wroclaw University of Health and Sport Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Ponikowski
- Department of Heart Diseases, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Giovanni Lombardi
- Laboratory of Experimental Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milano, Italy
- Department of Athletics, Strength and Conditioning, Poznań University of Physical Education, Poznań, Poland
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Bone Turnover Markers and Osteokines in Adolescent Female Athletes of High- and Low-Impact Sports Compared With Nonathletic Controls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2023; 35:41-47. [PMID: 35894972 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study examined differences in resting concentrations of markers of bone formation and resorption, and osteokines between female adolescent (12-16 y) swimmers, soccer players, and nonathletic controls. Resting, morning blood samples were obtained after an overnight fast from 20 swimmers, 20 soccer players, and 20 nonathletic controls, matched for age. carboxyl-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP), total osteocalcin (OC), sclerostin, osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) were analyzed in serum. After controlling for percent body fat, there were no significant differences between swimmers and nonathletic controls in any of the measured markers. In contrast, soccer players had significantly higher P1NP (89.5 [25.6] ng·mL-1), OC (57.6 [22.9] ng·mL-1), and OPG (1052.5 [612.6] pg·mL-1) compared with both swimmers (P1NP: 66.5 [20.9] ng·mL-1; OC: 24.9 [12.5] ng·mL-1; OPG: 275.2 [83.8] pg·mL-1) and controls (P1NP: 58.5 [16.2] ng·mL-1; OC: 23.2 [11.9] ng·mL-1; OPG: 265.4 [97.6] pg·mL-1), with no differences in CTX, sclerostin, and RANKL. These results suggest that bone formation is higher in adolescent females engaged in high-impact sports like soccer compared with swimmers and controls.
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Kurgan N, Baranowski B, Stoikos J, MacNeil AJ, Fajardo VA, MacPherson REK, Klentrou P. Characterization of sclerostin's response within white adipose tissue to an obesogenic diet at rest and in response to acute exercise in male mice. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1061715. [PMID: 36685192 PMCID: PMC9846496 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1061715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: It is well established that sclerostin antagonizes the anabolic Wnt signalling pathway in bone, however, its physiological role in other tissues remains less clear. This study examined the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on sclerostin content and downstream markers of the Wnt signaling pathway (GSK3β and β-catenin) within subcutaneous inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT), and visceral epididymal WAT (eWAT) depots at rest and in response to acute aerobic exercise. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice (n = 40, 18 weeks of age) underwent 10 weeks of either a low-fat diet (LFD) or HFD. Within each diet group, mice were assigned to either remain sedentary (SED) or perform 2 h of endurance treadmill exercise at 15 m min-1 with 5° incline (EX), creating four groups: LFD + SED (N = 10), LFD + EX (N = 10), HFD + SED (N = 10), and HFD + EX (N = 10). Serum and WAT depots were collected 2 h post-exercise. Results: Serum sclerostin showed a diet-by-exercise interaction, reflecting HFD + EX mice having higher concentration than HFD + SED (+31%, p = 0.03), and LFD mice being unresponsive to exercise. iWAT sclerostin content decreased post-exercise in both 28 kDa (-31%, p = 0.04) and 30 kDa bands (-36%, main effect for exercise, p = 0.02). iWAT β-catenin (+44%, p = 0.03) and GSK3β content were higher in HFD mice compared to LFD (+128%, main effect for diet, p = 0.005). Monomeric sclerostin content was abolished in eWAT of HFD mice (-96%, main effect for diet, p < 0.0001), was only detectable as a 30 kDa band in LFD mice and was unresponsive to exercise. β-catenin and GSK3β were both unresponsive to diet and exercise within eWAT. Conclusion: These results characterized sclerostin's content to WAT depots in response to acute exercise, which appears to be specific to a reduction in iWAT and identified a differential regulation of sclerostin's form/post-translational modifications depending on diet and WAT depot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Bradley Baranowski
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua Stoikos
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Adam J. MacNeil
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Val A. Fajardo
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
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Kurgan N, Skelly LE, Ludwa IA, Klentrou P, Josse AR. Twelve weeks of a diet and exercise intervention alters the acute bone response to exercise in adolescent females with overweight/obesity. Front Physiol 2023; 13:1049604. [PMID: 36685198 PMCID: PMC9846109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1049604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Exercise and consumption of dairy foods have been shown to improve bone mineralization. However, little is known about the magnitude and timing of their synergistic effects on markers and regulators of bone metabolism in response to acute exercise in adolescent females with obesity, a population susceptible to altered bone metabolism and mineral properties. This study examined the influence of twelve weeks of exercise training and nutritional counselling on the bone biochemical marker response to acute exercise and whether higher dairy consumption could further influence the response. Methods: Thirty adolescent females (14.3 ± 2.0 years) with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) completed a 12-week lifestyle modification intervention involving exercise training and nutritional counselling. Participants were randomized into two groups: higher dairy intake (RDa; 4 servings/day; n = 14) or low dairy intake (LDa; 0-2 servings/d; n = 16). Participants performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps) both pre- and post-intervention. Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min and 1 h post-exercise. Serum sclerostin, osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (βCTX) concentrations were measured. Results: While there was an overall increase in sclerostin pre-intervention from pre to 5 min post-exercise (+11% p = 0.04), this response was significantly decreased post-intervention (-25%, p = 0.03) independent of dairy intake. The OPG:RANKL ratio was unresponsive to acute exercise pre-intervention but increased 1 h post-exercise (+2.6 AU; p < 0.001) post-intervention. Dairy intake did not further influence these absolute responses. However, after the 12-week intervention, the RDa group showed a decrease in the relative RANKL post-exercise response (-21.9%; p < 0.01), leading to a consistent increase in the relative OPG:RANKL ratio response, which was not the case in the LDa group. There was no influence of the intervention or dairy product intake on OC, OPG, or βCTX responses to acute exercise (p > 0.05). Conclusion: A lifestyle modification intervention involving exercise training blunts the increase in sclerostin and can augment the increase in OPG:RANKL ratio to acute exercise in adolescent females with OW/OB, while dairy product consumption did not further influence these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Lauren E. Skelly
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Izabella A. Ludwa
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou, ; Andrea R. Josse,
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou, ; Andrea R. Josse,
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Apoptotic extracellular vesicles are metabolized regulators nurturing the skin and hair. Bioact Mater 2023; 19:626-641. [PMID: 35600968 PMCID: PMC9109130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 300 billion of cells die every day in the human body, producing a large number of endogenous apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs). Also, allogenic stem cell transplantation, a commonly used therapeutic approach in current clinical practice, generates exogenous apoEVs. It is well known that phagocytic cells engulf and digest apoEVs to maintain the body's homeostasis. In this study, we show that a fraction of exogenous apoEVs is metabolized in the integumentary skin and hair follicles. Mechanistically, apoEVs activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate their metabolism in a wave-like pattern. The migration of apoEVs is enhanced by treadmill exercise and inhibited by tail suspension, which is associated with the mechanical force-regulated expression of DKK1 in circulation. Furthermore, we show that exogenous apoEVs promote wound healing and hair growth via activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway in skin and hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells. This study reveals a previously unrecognized metabolic pathway of apoEVs and opens a new avenue for exploring apoEV-based therapy for skin and hair disorders. Exogenous infused apoEVs are partly metabolized from the integumentary skin and hair follicles. ApoEVs activate Wnt/β-catenin pathway to facilitate their elimination in a wave-like pattern. Exercise can enhance apoEV metabolism through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MSC-derived apoEVs promote wound healing and hair growth.
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The Bone Biomarker Response to an Acute Bout of Exercise: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2022; 52:2889-2908. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-022-01718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Klentrou P, McKee K, McKinlay BJ, Kurgan N, Roy BD, Falk B. Circulating Levels of Bone Markers after Short-Term Intense Training with Increased Dairy Consumption in Adolescent Female Athletes. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:961. [PMID: 34828674 PMCID: PMC8623472 DOI: 10.3390/children8110961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Thirteen female adolescent soccer players (14.3 ± 1.3 years) participated in a cross-over, double-blind trial examining the effects of Greek yogurt (GY) consumption on bone biomarkers during 5 days of intense soccer training. The study took place over two intervention weeks, which consisted of a pre-training assessment day, 5 training days, and a post-training assessment day. Participants completed the GY condition and a carbohydrate isocaloric placebo control pudding condition (CHO) in random order, 4 weeks apart. Morning, fasted, resting blood samples were collected pre- and post-training in each condition. Total osteocalcin (tOC), undercarboxylated osteocalcin (unOC), C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL) were measured in serum. The results showed no effects for time (pre- to post-training) or condition, and no interaction for tOC, CTX, OPG, RANKL, and the OPG/RANKL ratio. A time-by-condition interaction (p = 0.011) was observed in unOC, reflecting a post-training decrease in the GY, but not the CHO condition (-26% vs. -3%, respectively). However, relative unOC (% of tOC) decreased post-training (-16%), with no differences between conditions. These findings suggest that short-term high-impact intense training had no direct catabolic impact on bone metabolism, with GY adding no benefit beyond that of the isocaloric CHO control pudding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (K.M.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (B.F.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Katherine McKee
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (K.M.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (B.F.)
| | - Brandon J. McKinlay
- Faculty of Applied Health and Community Studies, Sheridan College, Brampton, ON L6Y 5H9, Canada;
| | - Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (K.M.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (B.F.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brian D. Roy
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (K.M.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (B.F.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (K.M.); (N.K.); (B.D.R.); (B.F.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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Osteokines and Bone Markers at Rest and following Plyometric Exercise in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:7917309. [PMID: 33145358 PMCID: PMC7596512 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7917309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of plyometric exercise on bone biomarkers has been studied in pediatric and young adult populations in order to better understand how exercise influences bone homeostasis. However, there are no such data in postmenopausal women, a group characterized by an uncoupling of the bone resorption-formation cycle. This study examined the serum concentrations of sclerostin, dickkopf-1 (DKK1), c-terminal crosslinking telopeptides of type I collagen (CTXI), and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) at rest and following a single bout of plyometric exercise in 20 premenopausal (23.1 ± 2.3 years) and 20 postmenopausal women (57.9 ± 4.3 years). The exercise consisted of 128 jumps, organized into 5 circuit stations. Blood samples were obtained prior to and 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h postexercise. At rest, postmenopausal women had significantly higher sclerostin and CTXI, but lower DKK1 than premenopausal women. Sclerostin increased 5 min postexercise only in the premenopausal group. DKK1 decreased 24 h postexercise in the premenopausal women while it decreased 1 h postexercise in the postmenopausal women. In both groups, CTXI did not change across time and PINP decreased 5 min and 1 h postexercise (p < 0.05). The PINP/CTXI ratio decreased 5 min and 1 h postexercise then significantly increased 24 h postexercise only in premenopausal women. These results indicate that although plyometric exercise is effective in eliciting osteoanabolic effects in younger women; such an effect is not evident in postmenopausal women.
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Diaz-Castro J, Mira-Rufino PJ, Moreno-Fernandez J, Chirosa I, Chirosa JL, Guisado R, Ochoa JJ. Ubiquinol supplementation modulates energy metabolism and bone turnover during high intensity exercise. Food Funct 2020; 11:7523-7531. [PMID: 32797125 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01147a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bone and energy metabolism are profoundly influenced by exercise. The objective of this study was to determine for the first time whether a short-term supplementation with ubiquinol could have a modulating effect on bone turnover and energy metabolism associated with strenuous exercise. The participants (n = 100 healthy and well-trained firemen) were randomly divided into two groups: ubiquinol group (ubiquinol (200 mg day-1)) and control group (placebo) for two weeks. The protocol consisted of conducting two identical strenuous exercise tests with a rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood samples were collected before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (T2), after the first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after the second physical exercise test (T5). Parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), osteopontin (OPN), sclerotin (SOST), alkaline phosphatase (AP), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), insulin, leptin, adrenaline, noradrenaline and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were determined. Our protocol increased ACTH, SOST, PTH and OC levels, while it decreased OPN. This protocol also increased adrenaline, noradrenaline and PCG-1α, and decreased insulin. After ubiquinol supplementation, PTH, OC, OPG, alkaline phosphatase, leptin, insulin, noradrenaline and PGC-1α levels increased in the supplemented group compared to the control group after the exercise protocol. Strenuous exercise has a clear effect on energy metabolism and bone turnover. These effects are modulated by ubiquinol supplementation, which especially increases the biomarkers of bone formation during strenuous exercise. In addition, ubiquinol has a beneficial effect on the mobilization of energy sources, fact that it could represent an ergogenic and physiological advantage for skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Pablo Javier Mira-Rufino
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain. and Human Nutrition Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
| | - Ignacio Chirosa
- Department of Physical Education, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Javier Luis Chirosa
- Department of Physical Education, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Rafael Guisado
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain
| | - Julio J Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain and Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain.
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13
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Cornish SM, Chilibeck PD, Candow DG. Potential Importance of Immune System Response to Exercise on Aging Muscle and Bone. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2020; 18:350-356. [PMID: 32500480 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-020-00596-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The age-related loss of skeletal muscle and bone tissue decreases functionality and increases the risk for falls and injuries. One contributing factor of muscle and bone loss over time is chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training is an effective countermeasure for decreasing the loss of muscle and bone tissue, possibly by enhancing immune system response. Herein, we discuss key interactions between the immune system, muscle, and bone in relation to exercise perturbations, and we identify that there is substantial "cross-talk" between muscle and bone and the immune system in response to exercise. RECENT FINDINGS Recent advances in our understanding of the "cross-talk" between muscle and bone and the immune system indicate that exercise is likely to mediate many of the beneficial effects on muscle and bone via their interactions with the immune system. The age-related loss of muscle and bone tissue may be partially explained by an impaired immune system via chronic low-grade inflammation. Exercise training has a beneficial effect on immune system function and aging muscle and bone. Theoretically, the "cross-talk" between the immune system, muscle, and bone in response to exercise enhances aging musculoskeletal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M Cornish
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, University of Manitoba, 117 Frank Kennedy Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada.
| | - Philip D Chilibeck
- College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Darren G Candow
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Health Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada
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14
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Theocharidis A, McKinlay BJ, Vlachopoulos D, Josse AR, Falk B, Klentrou P. Effects of post exercise protein supplementation on markers of bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32293471 PMCID: PMC7158004 DOI: 10.1186/s12970-020-00350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the effects of whey protein supplementation, compared with an isocaloric carbohydrate beverage and water, consumed immediately following an intense swimming trial on bone turnover in adolescent swimmers. METHODS Fifty-eight (31 female, 27 male) swimmers (14.1 ± 0.4 years) were stratified into three groups matched for age, sex and body mass. The protein and carbohydrate groups consumed two isocaloric post-exercise beverages each containing 0.3 g.kg- 1 of whey protein (with ~ 6 mg of calcium) or maltodextrin while the control group consumed water. Participants provided a morning, fasted, resting blood sample, then performed an intense swimming trial consisting of a maximal 200 m swim followed by a high intensity interval swimming protocol (5x100m, 5x50m and 5x25m; 1:1 work-to-rest ratio). Following swimming, they consumed their first respective post-exercise beverage, and 2 h later, they performed a second maximal swim immediately followed by the second beverage. Approximately 3 h after the second beverage, two post-consumption blood samples were collected at 8 h and 24 h from baseline. Procollagen type 1 intact N-terminal propeptide (PINP) and carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTXI) were measured in serum. The multiples of medians of PINP and CTXI were also used to calculate bone turnover rate and balance. RESULTS No significant changes were observed in PINP. CTXI increased (+ 11%) at 8 h in all groups, but then significantly decreased (- 22%) at 24 h in the protein group only. The protein group also had a significantly higher calculated rate of bone turnover at 8 h and 24 h compared to baseline, which was not observed in the other groups. CONCLUSIONS These results shed light on the potential importance of protein consumed shortly after intense swimming in promoting positive bone turnover responses up to 24 h following exercise in adolescent athletes. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov PRS; NCT04114045. Registered 1 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Theocharidis
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Brandon J McKinlay
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Dimitris Vlachopoulos
- Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrea R Josse
- Faculty of Health, School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada.,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario, L2S 3A1, Canada. .,Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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RANKL/RANK/OPG Pathway: A Mechanism Involved in Exercise-Induced Bone Remodeling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6910312. [PMID: 32149122 PMCID: PMC7053481 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6910312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bones as an alive organ consist of about 70% mineral and 30% organic component. About 200 million people are suffering from osteopenia and osteoporosis around the world. There are multiple ways of protecting bone from endogenous and exogenous risk factors. Planned physical activity is another useful way for protecting bone health. It has been investigated that arranged exercise would effectively regulate bone metabolism. Until now, a number of systems have discovered how exercise could help bone health. Previous studies reported different mechanisms of the effect of exercise on bone health by modulation of bone remodeling. However, the regulation of RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway in exercise and physical performance as one of the most important remodeling systems is not considered comprehensive in previous evidence. Therefore, the aim of this review is to clarify exercise influence on bone modeling and remodeling, with a concentration on its role in regulating RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway.
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16
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Kurgan N, McKee K, Calleja M, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Cytokines, Adipokines, and Bone Markers at Rest and in Response to Plyometric Exercise in Obese vs Normal Weight Adolescent Females. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:531926. [PMID: 33362710 PMCID: PMC7759614 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.531926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adults, excess adiposity has been associated with low-grade, chronic inflammation and compromised bone health, but less is known about these linkages in children. The purpose of this study was to compare the circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, osteokines, and bone markers at rest and in response to plyometric exercise between obese and normal weight adolescent females. METHODS Ten normal weight (BMI = 21.3 ± 2) and 10 obese (BMI = 32.9 ± 4), postmenarcheal females, aged 13-17 years, performed one bout of plyometric exercise (5 circuits; 120 jumps). Blood samples were taken at rest, 5 min, 1 h, and 24 h post-exercise. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), insulin, leptin, osteocalcin, carboxy-terminal telopeptide (CTX), sclerostin, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were measured in serum. RESULTS Cytokines were not different between groups at rest or over time with IL-6 increasing (+31%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise and TNF-α decreasing (-9%; p = 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Insulin and leptin were higher in the obese compared to the normal weight females. In both groups, insulin significantly increased 5 min post-exercise but remained elevated 1 h post-exercise only in the obese group. Leptin did not change in response to exercise. Osteocalcin was lower in the obese group across time and increased (+12%; p = 0.02) 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CTX was similar between groups at rest and decreased (-24%; p < 0.001) 1 h post-exercise. Sclerostin was similar between groups at rest, but there was a significant interaction reflecting a significant increase (+29%; p = 0.04) 5 min post-exercise in the obese group and a non-significant decrease (-13%; p = 0.08) in normal weight controls. PTH increased 5 min post-exercise, dropped 1 h post-exercise to lower than pre-exercise, and returned to baseline 24 h post-exercise in both groups. CONCLUSION Obese adolescent females from our study had no evidence of resting inflammation or differences in bone resorption but show blunted bone formation when compared to normal weight controls. The direction and temporal changes in inflammatory cytokines, adipokines, and bone turnover markers to exercise were similar in both groups, reflecting an overall bone anabolic response for most biomarkers, except sclerostin, which increased only in the obese females immediately post-exercise, suggesting a different systemic regulation of sclerostin depending on adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nigel Kurgan
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine McKee
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Calleja
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea R. Josse
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Panagiota Klentrou,
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17
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Min SK, Oh T, Kim SH, Cho J, Chung HY, Park DH, Kim CS. Position Statement: Exercise Guidelines to Increase Peak Bone Mass in Adolescents. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:225-239. [PMID: 31832388 PMCID: PMC6901695 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.4.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An increase in bone mineral density during adolescence increases resistance to fractures in older age. The Korean Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the Korean Society of Exercise Physiology developed exercise guidelines to increase the peak bone mass (PBM) in adolescents based on evidence through a systematic review of previous research. Methods Articles were selected using the systematic method, and the exercise guidelines were established by selecting key questions (KQs) and defining the effects of exercises based on evidence through a literature review for selecting the final exercise method. There were 9 KQs. An online search was conducted on articles published since 2000, and 93 articles were identified. Results An increase in PBM in adolescence was effective for preventing osteoporosis and fractures in older age. Exercise programs as part of vigorous physical activity (VPA) including resistance and impact exercise at least 5 to 6 months were effective for improving PBM in adolescents. It is recommended that resistance exercise is performed 10 to 12 rep·set−1 1-2 set·region−1 and 3 days·week−1 using the large muscles. For impact exercises such as jumping, it is recommended that the exercise is performed at least 50 jumps·min−1, 10 min·day−1 and 2 days·week−1. Conclusions Exercise guidelines were successfully developed, and they recommend at least 5 to 6 months of VPA, which includes both resistance and impact exercises. With the development of exercise guidelines, the incidence of osteoporosis and fractures in the aging society can be reduced in the future, thus contributing to improved public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Ki Min
- Department of Sport Science, Korea Institute of Sport Science, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taewoong Oh
- Department of Sport Leisure, College of Sport Sciences, Yongin University, Yongin, Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Kim
- Department of Sports Science, College of Natural Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Jinkyung Cho
- College of Sport Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ho Yeon Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Chang-Sun Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Dongduck Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Kouvelioti R, LeBlanc P, Falk B, Ward WE, Josse AR, Klentrou P. Effects of High-Intensity Interval Running Versus Cycling on Sclerostin, and Markers of Bone Turnover and Oxidative Stress in Young Men. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:582-590. [PMID: 30671591 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00524-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study compared sclerostin's response to impact versus no-impact high-intensity interval exercise in young men and examined the association between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and markers of bone turnover and oxidative stress. Twenty healthy men (22.3 ± 2.3 years) performed two high-intensity interval exercise trials (crossover design); running on treadmill and cycling on cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight 1 min running or cycling intervals at ≥ 90% of maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at rest (pre-exercise), and 5 min, 1 h, 24 h, and 48 h following each trial. Serum levels of sclerostin, cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and protein carbonyls (PC) were measured. There was no significant time or exercise mode effect for PINP and PC. A significant time effect was found for sclerostin, CTXI, and TBARS with no significant exercise mode effect and no significant time-by-mode interaction. Sclerostin increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (47%, p < 0.05) and returned to baseline within 1 h following the exercise. CTXI increased from pre- to 5 min post-exercise (28%, p < 0.05), then gradually returned to baseline by 48 h. TBARS did not increase significantly from pre- to 5 min post-exercise but significantly decreased from 5 min to 48 h post-exercise. There were no significant correlations between exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and any other marker. In young men, sclerostin's response to high-intensity interval exercise is independent of impact and is not related to changes in bone turnover and oxidative stress markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kouvelioti
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - P LeBlanc
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - B Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - W E Ward
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Health Science, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - A R Josse
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - P Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, ON, Canada.
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19
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Wnt Signaling-Related Osteokines at Rest and Following Plyometric Exercise in Prepubertal and Early Pubertal Boys and Girls. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2018; 30:457-465. [PMID: 29683771 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined osteokines related to Wnt signaling at rest and in response to plyometric exercise in 12 boys [10.2 (0.4) y] and 12 girls [10.5 (0.4) y]. METHODS One resting (preexercise) and 3 postexercise (5 min, 1 h, and 24 h) blood samples were analyzed for sclerostin, dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-β ligand (RANKL). RESULTS Girls had higher resting sclerostin than boys [187.1 (40.1) vs 150.4 (36.4) pg·mL-1, respectively; P = .02]. However, boys had higher DKK-1 [427.7 (142.3) vs 292.8 (48.0) pg·mL-1, respectively; P = .02] and RANKL [3.9 (3.8) vs 1.0 (0.4) pg·mL-1, respectively; P < .01] than girls. In girls, sclerostin significantly decreased 5-minute and 1-hour postexercise (χ2 = 12.7, P = .01), and RANKL significantly decreased 5-minute postexercise (χ2 = 19.1, P < .01) and continued to decrease up to 24-hour postexercise, with large effect sizes. In boys, DKK-1 significantly decreased 1-hour postexercise and remained lower than preexercise 24-hour postexercise (χ2 = 13.0, P = .01). OPG increased in both boys (χ2 = 13.7, P < .01) and girls (χ2 = 11.4, P = .01), with boys having significantly higher OPG at 5-minute and 1-hour postexercise, whereas in girls, this increase was only seen 24-hour postexercise. CONCLUSION Plyometric exercise induces an overall anabolic osteokine response favoring osteoblastogenesis over osteoclastogenesis in both boys and girls although the timeline and mechanism(s) may be different.
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20
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Response of Sclerostin and Bone Turnover Markers to High Intensity Interval Exercise in Young Women: Does Impact Matter? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:4864952. [PMID: 30515401 PMCID: PMC6236652 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4864952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study examined potential exercise-induced changes in sclerostin and in bone turnover markers in young women following two modes of high intensity interval exercise that involve impact (running) or no-impact (cycling). Healthy, recreationally active, females (n=20; 22.5±2.7 years) performed two exercise trials in random order: high intensity interval running (HIIR) on a treadmill and high intensity interval cycling (HIIC) on a cycle ergometer. Trials consisted of eight 1 min running or cycling intervals at ≥90% of maximal heart rate, separated by 1 min passive recovery intervals. Blood samples were collected at rest (pre-exercise) and 5 min, 1h, 24h, and 48h following each exercise trial. Serum was analyzed for sclerostin, cross linked telopeptide of type I collagen (CTXI), and procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (PINP). A significant time effect was found for sclerostin, which increased from pre-exercise to 5 min after exercise in both trials (100.2 to 131.6 pg/ml in HIIR; 102.3 to 135.8 pg/ml in HIIC, p<0.001) and returned to baseline levels by 1h, with no difference between exercise modes and no exercise mode-by-time interaction. CTXI did not significantly change following either trial. PINP showed an overall time effect following HIIR, but none of the post hoc pairwise comparisons were statistically significant. In young women, a single bout of high intensity exercise induces an increase in serum sclerostin, irrespective of exercise mode (impact versus no-impact), but this response is not accompanied by a response in either bone formation or resorption markers.
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21
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Guerriere KI, Hughes JM, Gaffney‐Stomberg E, Staab JS, Matheny RW. Circulating sclerostin is not suppressed following a single bout of exercise in young men. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13695. [PMID: 29845770 PMCID: PMC5974717 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether an acute bout of exercise reduces serum sclerostin under diet-controlled conditions that stabilize the parathyroid hormone (PTH)-1,alpha-hydroxylase axis. Fourteen male volunteers (age, 22.1 years ± 4.05; BMI, 27.3 kg/m2 ± 3.8) completed a randomized crossover study in which they performed 10 sets of 10 repetitions of plyometric jumps at 40% of their estimated one-repetition maximum leg press or a nonexercise control period. A calcium-controlled diet (1000 mg/day) was implemented prior to, and throughout each study period. Blood was drawn for analysis of serum sclerostin, Dickkopf-1, markers of bone metabolism (PTH, calcium), markers of bone formation (bone alkaline phosphatase, BAP; osteocalcin, OCN), and markers of bone resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, TRAP5b; C-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen, CTX) at baseline and 12, 24, 48, and 72 h following exercise or rest. Changes in serum concentrations were expressed as percentage change from individual baselines. Data were analyzed using a repeated measured linear mixed model to assess effects of time, physical activity status (rest or exercise condition), and the time by activity status interaction. There was a significant effect of exercise on OCN (P = 0.005) and a significant interaction effect for CTX (P = 0.001). There was no effect of exercise on any other biochemical marker of bone metabolism. A single bout of plyometric exercise did not induce demonstrable changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism under conditions where dietary effects on PTH were controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn I. Guerriere
- Military Performance DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Julie M. Hughes
- Military Performance DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Erin Gaffney‐Stomberg
- Military Performance DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Jeffery S. Staab
- Military Performance DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
| | - Ronald W. Matheny
- Military Performance DivisionUnited States Army Research Institute of Environmental MedicineNatickMassachusetts
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22
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Falk B, Klentrou P. Elevation in Sclerostin After Exercise: Is It Affected by Age and Sex? Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:380-381. [PMID: 29063160 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bareket Falk
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada.
| | - Panagiota Klentrou
- Department of Kinesiology, Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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23
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Resilient, Responsive, and Healthy Developing Bones: The Good News About Exercise and Bone in Children and Youth. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2017; 29:437-439. [PMID: 29019441 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2017-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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