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Derdau V, Elmore CS, Hartung T, McKillican B, Mejuch T, Rosenbaum C, Wiebe C. The Future of (Radio)-Labeled Compounds in Research and Development within the Life Science Industry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306019. [PMID: 37610759 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
In this review the applications of isotopically labeled compounds are discussed and put into the context of their future impact in the life sciences. Especially discussing their use in the pharma and crop science industries to follow their fate in the environment, in vivo or in complex matrices to understand the potential harm of new chemical structures and to increase the safety of human society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Derdau
- Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Research & Development, Integrated Drug Discovery, Isotope Chemistry, Industriepark Höchst, G876, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Early Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hartung
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bruce McKillican
- Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC, North America Product Safety (retired), USA
| | - Tom Mejuch
- BASF SE, Agricultural Solutions, Ludwigshafen, Germany
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2
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Kingston L, Bergare J, Lönn H, Ericsson C, Grönberg G, Chen S, Elmore CS. Synthesis of 2 C-14 labeled cathepsin C inhibitors: The use of a cyanide to displace a Benzotriazole. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:294-301. [PMID: 28324911 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Revised: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In support of the development of a new treatment for COPD, 2 C-14 labeled compounds were required for in vitro animal studies. The synthesis of nitrile [14 C]-1 was completed in 3 steps from C-14 labeled 4-bromobenzonitrile in accord with the previously developed medicinal chemistry route. The second compound, 2, did not possess an arylnitrile as did 1, which made the synthetic design more complex. An advanced, unlabeled benzotriazole containing intermediate, 10, was synthesized in low yield over 3 steps and was subsequently reacted with K14 CN to give a mixture of diastereomers 12. Separation of the diastereomers followed by deprotection afforded [14 C]-2 in a 13% radiochemical yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kingston
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Jonas Bergare
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Hans Lönn
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Ericsson
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Grönberg
- Medicinal Chemistry, Respiratory, Inflammation, and Autoimmune iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Song Chen
- Pharmaron Beijing Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Sciences iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals AB, Mölndal, Sweden
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3
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Ellis-Sawyer K, Bragg RA, Bushby N, Elmore CS, Hickey MJ. Isotope labelling by reduction of nitriles: Application to the synthesis of isotopologues of tolmetin and celecoxib. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:213-220. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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4
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Grösch S, Niederberger E, Geisslinger G. Investigational drugs targeting the prostaglandin E2 signaling pathway for the treatment of inflammatory pain. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2017; 26:51-61. [PMID: 27841017 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2017.1260544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are the most commonly used drugs for the treatment of pain, inflammation and fever. Although they are effective for a huge number of users, their analgesic properties are not sufficient for several patients and the occurrence of side effects still constitutes a big challenge during long term therapy. Areas covered: This review gives an overview about the first and second generations of NSAIDs (COX1/2 non-selective, COX-2 selective), and their main side effects which gave still an urgent need for safer drugs and for the establishment of novel treatment strategies (improved safety, tolerability, patient convenience). The current developments of a possible third generation NSAID class comprise changes in the formulation of already approved drugs, combination therapies, dual cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase inhibitors, NO- and H2S-releasing NSAIDs, prostaglandin synthase inhibitors and EP receptor modulators, respectively. Literature search has been done with PubMed NCBI. Expert opinion: Currently, there is no newly developed drug that is superior to the already approved selective and non-selective NSAIDs. Several novel approaches show promising analgesic efficacy but side effects are still an important problem. Solutions might be constituted by combination therapies allowing administration of lower drug doses or by individualized therapies targeting molecules apart from COX, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Grösch
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Ellen Niederberger
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- a Pharmazentrum frankfurt/ZAFES , Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt , Frankfurt am Main , Germany
- b Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Project Group for Translational Medicine & Pharmacology (TMP) , Frankfurt/Main , Germany
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5
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Bragg RA, Brocklehurst S, Gustafsson F, Goodman J, Hickling K, MacFaul PA, Swallow S, Tugwood J. Aortic Binding of AZD5248: Mechanistic Insight and Reactivity Assays To Support Lead Optimzation. Chem Res Toxicol 2015; 28:1991-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.5b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan A. Bragg
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Brocklehurst
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Frida Gustafsson
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - James Goodman
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hickling
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Philip A. MacFaul
- DMPK
Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Swallow
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Tugwood
- Global
Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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6
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Yamakawa N, Suzuki K, Yamashita Y, Katsu T, Hanaya K, Shoji M, Sugai T, Mizushima T. Structure-activity relationship of celecoxib and rofecoxib for the membrane permeabilizing activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2529-34. [PMID: 24650702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) achieve their anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting cyclooxygenase activity. We previously suggested that in addition to cyclooxygenase-inhibition at the gastric mucosa, NSAID-induced gastric mucosal cell death is required for the formation of NSAID-induced gastric lesions in vivo. We showed that celecoxib exhibited the most potent membrane permeabilizing activity among the NSAIDs tested. In contrast, we have found that the NSAID rofecoxib has very weak membrane permeabilizing activity. To understand the membrane permeabilizing activity of coxibs in terms of their structure-activity relationship, we separated the structures of celecoxib and rofecoxib into three parts, synthesized hybrid compounds by substitution of each of the parts, and examined the membrane permeabilizing activities of these hybrids. The results suggest that the sulfonamidophenyl subgroup of celecoxib or the methanesulfonylphenyl subgroup of rofecoxib is important for their potent or weak membrane permeabilizing activity, respectively. These findings provide important information for design and synthesis of new coxibs with lower membrane permeabilizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yamakawa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan; Shujitsu University School of Pharmacy, Okayama 703-8516, Japan
| | | | | | - Takashi Katsu
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Kengo Hanaya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sugai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tohru Mizushima
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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7
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Pan JB, Ji N, Pan W, Hong R, Wang H, Ji ZL. High-throughput identification of off-targets for the mechanistic study of severe adverse drug reactions induced by analgesics. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2013; 274:24-34. [PMID: 24176876 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drugs may induce adverse drug reactions (ADRs) when they unexpectedly bind to proteins other than their therapeutic targets. Identification of these undesired protein binding partners, called off-targets, can facilitate toxicity assessment in the early stages of drug development. In this study, a computational framework was introduced for the exploration of idiosyncratic mechanisms underlying analgesic-induced severe adverse drug reactions (SADRs). The putative analgesic-target interactions were predicted by performing reverse docking of analgesics or their active metabolites against human/mammal protein structures in a high-throughput manner. Subsequently, bioinformatics analyses were undertaken to identify ADR-associated proteins (ADRAPs) and pathways. Using the pathways and ADRAPs that this analysis identified, the mechanisms of SADRs such as cardiac disorders were explored. For instance, 53 putative ADRAPs and 24 pathways were linked with cardiac disorders, of which 10 ADRAPs were confirmed by previous experiments. Moreover, it was inferred that pathways such as base excision repair, glycolysis/glyconeogenesis, ErbB signaling, calcium signaling, and phosphatidyl inositol signaling likely play pivotal roles in drug-induced cardiac disorders. In conclusion, our framework offers an opportunity to globally understand SADRs at the molecular level, which has been difficult to realize through experiments. It also provides some valuable clues for drug repurposing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Pan
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Nan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Wen Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Ru Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China
| | - Zhi-Liang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Stress Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, PR China; Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, PR China.
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8
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Miyajima A, Okamoto M, Muto T, Hirota T. Disruption of elastic lamellae in aorta and dysfunction of vaso-regulation by rofecoxib in rats. J Toxicol Sci 2013; 38:719-29. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.38.719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Miyajima
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Masahiro Okamoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takafumi Muto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Takashi Hirota
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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9
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Umehara KI, Nakada N, Noguchi K, Iwatsubo T, Usui T, Kamimura H. Investigation of long-term retention of unchanged (-)-N-{2-[(R)-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)piperidino]ethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide, a novel "funny" If current channel inhibitor, and its metabolites in the eyeball and thoracic aorta of rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2009; 37:2137-44. [PMID: 19704029 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.027813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023] Open
Abstract
(-)-N-{2-[(R)-3-(6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-2-carbonyl)piperidino]ethyl}-4-fluorobenzamide (YM758), a novel "funny" If current channel inhibitor, was being developed as a treatment for stable angina and atrial fibrillation. After a single oral administration of (14)C-YM758, extensive accumulation and long-term retention of radioactivity were observed in the eyeballs of nonalbino rats and in the thoracic aorta of albino/nonalbino rats. Radioluminograms of the eyeballs of nonalbino rats indicated that the radioactivity was localized to the uveal tract, which suggests that the radioactivity may be positively charged and bound mainly to the melanins. Treatment with a mixture of 2 mol/l hydrochloric acid and methanol (5:95, v/v) allowed for the recovery of the major portion of radioactivity from the eyeball, which suggests reversible binding. The radioactive constituents in eyeballs consisted of the unchanged drug (YM758) and three metabolites [mainly 6,7-dimethoxy-2-[(3R)-piperidin-3-ylcarbonyl]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (YM-252124)]. Using the organic solvent mixture described above, almost all of the radioactivity was not collected from the thoracic aorta, and approximately 90% was recovered by treatment with elastase, which suggests that some metabolites covalently bind to the elastin fiber localized in the tunica media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Umehara
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 1-8, Azusawa 1-chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8511, Japan.
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10
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Umehara KI, Seya K, Sonoda T, Nakamura E, Noguchi K, Usui T, Kamimura H. Comparative evaluation of absorption, distribution, and excretion of YM758, a novel If channel inhibitor, between albino and non-albino rats. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:527-39. [DOI: 10.1080/00498250801995788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Umehara KI, Seya K, Iwatsubo T, Noguchi K, Usui T, Kamimura H. Tissue distribution of YM758, a novel If channel inhibitor, in pregnant and lactating rats. Xenobiotica 2008; 38:1274-88. [PMID: 18800311 DOI: 10.1080/00498250802426106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study the tissue distribution of radioactivity in pregnant and lactating rats was investigated by quantitatively determining radioactivity concentrations and by whole-body autoradioluminograms after a single oral administration of 14C-YM758. In addition, the transfer of radioactivity into the reproductive tissues, foetus, and milk is discussed in terms of the localization of transporters in syncytiotrophoblast and mammary gland. The radioactivity concentrations in the liver were the highest of all the tissues and organs tested at all the sampling times. The radioactivity in main tissues (liver and kidney), including reproductive tissues (amniotic fluid, placenta, ovary, and uterus), was not retained for a long time, as in the plasma. The tissue/plasma (T/P) ratio of radioactivity in the foetus was below 1.0, which might be due to Mdr1-mediated export of YM758 into blood via the blood-placenta barrier since YM758 is a substrate for hMDR1, not for hBCRP/rBcrp. The T/P ratio of radioactivity in the maternal milk 1 and 4 h after oral administration of 14C-YM758 was 7.2 and 11.0, respectively. To understand better the distribution of new drugs into the reproductive tissues/milk, and to interpret further the results of reproductive safety studies for drug development, the contribution of transporters expressed in the blood-placenta barrier and mammary gland to the drug-transfer into placenta and milk should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-I Umehara
- Drug Metabolism Research Laboratories, Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Senzaki M, Ishida S, Yada A, Hanai M, Fujiwara K, Inoue SI, Kimura T, Kurakata S. CS-706, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice when treated alone or in combination with anti-tumor chemotherapeutic agents. Int J Cancer 2008; 122:1384-90. [PMID: 18027868 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.23250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The potent chemopreventive activity of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors has been demonstrated in a number of preclinical studies, but their potency in antitumor activity is still in dispute. In this report, we demonstrate the potent antitumor activity of a novel COX-2 inhibitor, CS-706 in mouse colorectal adenocarcinoma colon 26 tumor-bearing mice treated with or without antitumor chemotherapeutic agents. Daily oral administration of CS-706 at doses of 3-100 mg/kg from the day of tumor inoculation (Day 0) inhibited tumor growth dose-dependently, and the maximal inhibition was 67% at a dose of 100 mg/kg. In contrast, celecoxib, a well-known COX-2 inhibitor, did not inhibit tumor growth at doses up to 100 mg/kg. Furthermore, CS-706 at a dose of 1 mg/kg or above markedly prolonged the survival time of tumor-bearing mice. Administration of 30 mg/kg CS-706 from Day 7 combined with a single intravenous treatment of 10 mg/kg cisplatin on Day 7 completely regressed the tumors in all tumor-bearing mice examined, whereas only in 1 of 10 mice tumor was regressed with cisplatin treatment. Similar combination effects were observed with 10 mg/kg CS-706 and 60 mg/kg 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Moreover, 10 mg/kg CS-706 significantly inhibited angiogenesis induced by implanted chambers with colon 26 cells in a dorsal air sac assay in mice. Collectively, these results suggest that CS-706 is a potent antitumor agent, especially in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents, and that the anti-angiogenic activity of CS-706 may contribute at least in part to its marked antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Senzaki
- Biological Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The gastroduodenum resists mucosal injury despite continuous exposure to concentrated gastric acid. The mucosal barrier consists of a preepithelial mucus HCO3- layer, intercellular tight junctions connecting the epithelial cells, and submucosal acid sensors, prostaglandins, cytokines, enteric nerves and blood flow. In the past year, study of these defensive mechanisms has revealed new insight into the observed sex differences in ulcer prevalence, the protective role of transforming growth factor, the role of serotonin in regulating HCO3- secretion, the role of mechanisms in ulcer healing, the interaction of trefoil factors with the mucus gel, the interaction of glucocorticoids with cyclooxygenase and the characterization of novel, mucosal sparing antiinflammatory agents. RECENT FINDINGS Transforming growth factor, melatonin, serotonin, trefoil factors and H2S all enhance mucosal barrier function or accelerate ulcer healing. Newer coxibs may have safety and advantages over existing compounds. Existing nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be safer than originally thought. SUMMARY The continued elucidation of basic defense mechanisms has led to the development of several new compounds designed to enhance barrier function and repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Ham
- The David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
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14
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Ushiyama S, Yamada T, Murakami Y, Kumakura SI, Inoue SI, Suzuki K, Nakao A, Kawara A, Kimura T. Preclinical pharmacology profile of CS-706, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor, with potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. Eur J Pharmacol 2007; 578:76-86. [PMID: 17920584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 08/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We report here the preclinical anti-inflammatory profile of CS-706 [2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl-1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole], a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. CS-706 selectively inhibited COX-2 in a human whole blood assay with an IC(50) of 0.31 microM, compared with an IC(50) of 2.2 microM for COX-1. The selectivity ratio of CS-706 was higher than those of the conventional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs naproxen, indomethacin, and Diclofenac-Na, whereas it was lower than those of rofecoxib, valdecoxib and etoricoxib. It was similar to that of celecoxib. The pharmacokinetic profile of CS-706 showed rapid absorption and dose-proportional exposure after oral administration to rats. CS-706 inhibited prostaglandin E(2) production in inflamed tissue induced by yeast-injection in rats with potency similar to that of indomethacin. However, it inhibited gastric mucosal prostaglandin E(2) production in normal rats weakly compared with indomethacin. CS-706 ameliorated both yeast-induced inflammatory acute pain (ED(50)=0.0090 mg/kg) and adjuvant-induced chronic arthritic pain (ED(50)=0.30 mg/kg) in rats. CS-706 showed more potent antinociceptive activity than celecoxib and rofecoxib in these models. In an adjuvant-induced arthritic model in rats, CS-706 suppressed foot swelling prophylactically with an ID(50) of 0.10 mg/kg/day, and decreased foot swelling in the established arthritis therapeutically in a dose range of 0.040 to 1.0 mg/kg/day. Single administration of up to 100 mg/kg of CS-706 induced no significant gastric lesions in rats. In conclusion, CS-706 is a COX-2-selective inhibitor with a potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity and a gastric safety profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Ushiyama
- Biological Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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15
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Oitate M, Hirota T, Murai T, Miura SI, Ikeda T. Covalent Binding of Rofecoxib, but Not Other Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors, to Allysine Aldehyde in Elastin of Human Aorta. Drug Metab Dispos 2007; 35:1846-52. [PMID: 17620346 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.107.016121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In rats, it has been reported that rofecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, reacts with the aldehyde group of allysine in elastin to give a condensation covalent adduct, thereby preventing the formation of cross-linkages in the elastin and causing degradation of the elastic fibers in aortas in vivo. Acid, organic solvent, and proteolytic enzyme treatments of human aortic homogenate after incubation with [(14)C]rofecoxib demonstrated that most of the radioactivity is covalently bound to elastin. The in vitro covalent binding was inhibited in the presence of beta-aminopropionitrile, D-penicillamine, and hydralazine, which suggested that the aldehyde group of allysine in human elastin was relevant to the covalent binding. The in vitro covalent binding of [(14)C]rofecoxib was significantly decreased by the addition of only nonradiolabeled rofecoxib but not the other COX-2 inhibitors, celecoxib, valdecoxib, etoricoxib, and CS-706 [2-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methyl 1-(4-sulfamoylphenyl)-1H-pyrrole], a novel selective COX-2 inhibitor. All the above COX-2 inhibitors except for rofecoxib had no reactivity with the aldehyde group of benzaldehyde used as a model compound of allysine aldehyde under a physiological pH condition. On the other hand, no retention of the radioactivity of [(14)C]rofecoxib was observed in human aortic endothelial cells in vitro, suggesting that rofecoxib is not retained in aortic endothelial cells in vivo. These results suggest that rofecoxib, but not other COX-2 inhibitors, is capable of covalently binding to the aldehyde group of allysine in human elastin. This might be one of the main causes of cardiovascular events by rofecoxib in clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oitate
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan.
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16
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Kiguchi K, Ruffino L, Kawamoto T, Franco E, Kurakata SI, Fujiwara K, Hanai M, Rumi M, DiGiovanni J. Therapeutic effect of CS-706, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, on gallbladder carcinoma in BK5.ErbB-2 mice. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1709-17. [PMID: 17575102 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-07-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer is still challenging to treat and manage due to its poor sensitivity to conventional therapies and the inability to prevent or detect the early tumor formation. The most well known risk factor for gallbladder cancer is the presence of chronic inflammation, usually related to gallstones. It has been suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a variety of roles in the gastrointestinal tract, including pathogenic processes such as neoplasia. Recently, we have generated transgenic mice that overexpress rat ErbB-2 under the control of bovine keratin 5 promoter (BK5.ErbB-2 mice). Homozygous BK5.ErbB-2 mice develop adenocarcinoma of gallbladder with an approximately 90% incidence. In addition to the activation of ErbB-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, mRNA and protein levels of COX-2 were up-regulated in the gallbladder carcinomas that developed in these transgenic mice. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a COX-2 inhibitor, CS-706, on the development of gallbladder carcinomas using the BK5.ErbB-2 mouse model. Ultrasound image analysis as well as histologic evaluation revealed a significant therapeutic effect of CS-706 on the gallbladder tumors, either as reversion to a milder phenotype or inhibition of tumor progression. The antitumor effect was associated with inhibition of prostaglandin E(2) synthesis. CS-706 treatment also down-regulated the activation of ErbB-2 and epidermal growth factor receptor, resulting in decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt and COX-2 in gallbladder cancers of BK5.ErbB-2 mice. Based on our results, targeting COX-2 could provide a potentially new and effective therapy alone or in combination with other therapeutic agents for patients with biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Kiguchi
- Department of Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Science Park-Research Division, Smithville, Texas 78957, USA
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Solon EG. Autoradiography: high-resolution molecular imaging in pharmaceutical discovery and development. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2007; 2:503-14. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2.4.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Moberly JB, Xu J, Desjardins PJ, Daniels SE, Bandy DP, Lawson JE, Link AJ, Truitt KE. A randomized, double-blind, celecoxib- and placebo-controlled study of the effectiveness of CS-706 in acute postoperative dental pain. Clin Ther 2007; 29:399-412. [PMID: 17577461 DOI: 10.1016/s0149-2918(07)80078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CS-706 is a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-selective inhibitor with an in vitro selectivity ratio (COX-1:COX-2) similar to that of celecoxib. It has exhibited analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties in animal models. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the tolerability of single doses of CS-706 and compared the analgesic efficacy of CS-706 with that of celecoxib and placebo in the dental pain model. METHODS This was a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active- and placebo-controlled study. Healthy male and female subjects with moderate to severe pain intensity (PI) after dental surgery were randomized ( approximately 50 per group) to receive a single oral dose of CS-706 10, 50, 100, or 200 mg; celecoxib 400 mg; or placebo. PI and pain relief (PR) were measured on categorical and visual analog scales through 24 hours after the dose. The primary efficacy variable was the time-weighted sum of PR scores at 4 hours after the dose (TOPAR4). The onset of analgesia was assessed by calculating the pain intensity difference (PID). Perceptible and meaningful pain relief were assessed using a 2-stopwatch method. RESULTS The majority of subjects were female (62.0%) and white (59.5%). Subjects' mean (SD) age was 22.6 (3.9) years, and their mean body mass index was 25.3 (5.1) kg/m(2). All doses of CS-706 were associated with significant analgesic efficacy compared with placebo based on the primary end point, TOPAR4 (P<0.001), and on all secondary end points (P<0.05, comparisons of all CS-706 doses vs placebo) with the exception of time to 100% PR for CS-706 10 mg. Single 50-, 100-, and 200-mg doses of CS-706 also were significantly more effective than celecoxib for TOPAR4 (P=0.036, P=0.004, and P=0.006, respectively). The onset of analgesia (PID >or= 1) for all CS-706 doses occurred within 1 hour after dosing (P<0.001 vs placebo). The median duration of analgesia, measured as the time to administration of rescue medication, was significantly greater for all doses of CS-706 compared with placebo (5.7 hours for CS-706 10 mg, >24 hours for CS-706 50, 100, and 200 mg, and 1.7 hours for placebo; P<0.001 for CS-706 50, 100, and 200 mg). These data suggest that once-daily administration of CS-706 may be effective in providing relief of acute pain. The incidence of adverse events was similar among all treatment groups. Adverse events occurring in >or= 5 % of subjects in any treatment group were nausea, vomiting, dry socket, dizziness, headache, and paresthesia. CONCLUSION Single doses of CS-706 had significant analgesic efficacy compared with celecoxib and placebo in the relief of postoperative dental pain in the healthy subjects enrolled in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B Moberly
- Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, New Jersey 08837, USA.
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Moberly JB, Harris SI, Riff DS, Dale JC, Breese T, McLaughlin P, Lawson J, Wan Y, Xu J, Truitt KE. A randomized, double-blind, one-week study comparing effects of a novel COX-2 inhibitor and naproxen on the gastric mucosa. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52:442-50. [PMID: 17216336 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2006] [Accepted: 07/07/2006] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
CS-706 is a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor with potent analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor properties in animal models. This one-week, multicenter study was undertaken to assess the safety and tolerability of CS-706 and to compare the effects of CS-706 versus naproxen on acute gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal injury. Healthy men and women (n=160) without evidence of underlying gastroduodenal lesions were randomized to placebo, 100 mg CS-706 once daily, 200 mg CS-706 once daily, or 500 mg naproxen twice daily, administered for 7 days. On Day 8, subjects underwent a posttreatment upper GI endoscopy to assess development of gastroduodenal petechiae, erosions, and ulcers. Inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 activity over the 24-hr postdose interval on Day 7 was determined in 48 subjects (12 per treatment group). CS-706 was safe and well tolerated. The extent of upper GI mucosal injury for both CS-706 dose groups was statistically significantly less than that for naproxen (P < 0.001) and was similar to placebo (P=0.615 and P=0.115 for 100 and 200 mg CS-706, respectively). No subject in placebo or either CS-706 treatment group had gastroduodenal ulcers, compared with 11 (28.2%) subjects treated with naproxen (P < 0.001). Both doses of CS-706 inhibited COX-2 activity to a similar extent as naproxen, whereas neither dose of CS-706 showed meaningful inhibition of platelet COX-1. In contrast, naproxen nearly completely inhibited COX-1 over the dosing interval. We conclude that CS-706, dosed up to 200 mg once daily, has an acute, upper GI toxicity profile similar to that of placebo and significantly superior to that of naproxen.
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Oitate M, Hirota T, Takahashi M, Murai T, Miura SI, Senoo A, Hosokawa T, Oonishi T, Ikeda T. Mechanism for Covalent Binding of Rofecoxib to Elastin of Rat Aorta. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 320:1195-203. [PMID: 17164475 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.106.114447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that oral administration of [(14)C]rofecoxib to rats resulted in the long retention of radioactivity by the aorta as a consequence of covalent binding to elastin. Treatment of rats with alpha-phenyl-alpha-propylbenzeneacetic acid 2-[diethylamino]-ethyl ester hydrochloride (SKF-525A), a cytochrome P450 inhibitor, significantly decreased the systemic exposure of 5-hydroxyrofecoxib, one of the main metabolites of rofecoxib, whereas there was no statistically significant change in the retention of radioactivity from [(14)C]rofecoxib in the aorta. On the other hand, the aortic retention of radioactivity closely correlated to the systemic exposure of unchanged rofecoxib in the dose range between 2 and 10 mg/kg. A covalent binding study of [(14)C]rofecoxib in vitro using rat aorta homogenate in the presence of d-penicillamine, hydralazine, beta-aminopropionitrile, and sodium borohydride suggested that the aldehyde group of allysine in elastin was relevant to the covalent binding. In a model reaction using benzaldehyde, rofecoxib but not 5-hydroxyrofecoxib reacted with the aldehyde group of benzaldehyde in a manner of condensation reaction under a physiological pH condition. A histopathological examination using an electron microscope demonstrated that multiple oral administration of rofecoxib to rats caused marked degradation of the elastic fiber system of the aorta. These results suggested that rofecoxib as such is reactive in vivo, undergoing a condensation reaction with allysine, thereby preventing the formation of cross-linkages in elastin, i.e., desmosine and isodesmosine, and causing the degradation of the elastic fibers.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/blood
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacokinetics
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Aorta, Thoracic/drug effects
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Aorta, Thoracic/ultrastructure
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Elastin/metabolism
- In Vitro Techniques
- Lactones/blood
- Lactones/pharmacokinetics
- Lactones/pharmacology
- Male
- Microscopy, Electron, Transmission
- Molecular Structure
- Protein Binding
- Radioligand Assay
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Sulfones/blood
- Sulfones/pharmacokinetics
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Oitate
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories, Sankyo Co., Ltd., 1-2-58, Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan.
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