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Zhang Y, Zhang B. Bifenthrin Caused Parkinson's-Like Symptoms Via Mitochondrial Autophagy and Ferroptosis Pathway Stereoselectively in Parkin -/- Mice and C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5. [PMID: 38691300 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04140-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
It has been proposed that pyrethroid exposure contributes to the increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the potential mechanisms remain unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of the widely used pyrethroid bifenthrin on Parkinson's disease (PD) risk. Bifenthrin (1S-cis-bifenthrin, 1R-cis-bifenthrin, raceme) was administered to male Parkin-/- mice and C57BL/6 mice by oral gavage at a dose of 10 mg/kg bw/day for 28 days. Bifenthrin exposure significantly increased the time of pole climbing and decreased the period of rotarod running, indicating that bifenthrin decreased motor coordination in Parkin-/- mice, which was more evident by 1S-cis-bifenthrin. Furthermore, administration of bifenthrin induced obvious decreases in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)+ cell count and the protein expression of TH. Increased protein of mitochondrial autophagy LC3B and p62 was observed after exposure to bifenthrin. Increased iron deposition and protein expression of iron transport transferrin (Tf) and transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) was detected. 1S-cis-bifenthrin bound with Tf, TfR2, and GPX4 with lower binding energies than 1R-cis-bifenthrin, resulting in stronger interactions with these proteins. These results show structure-dependent PD-like effects of bifenthrin on motor activity and coordination associated with the disturbed mitochondrial autophagy and ferroptosis-related pathway. These data demonstrate that pyrethroid exposure increases the potential of Parkinson's-like symptoms via the ferroptosis pathway in Parkin-/- mice that is more pronounced than in C57BL/6 mice, providing a prospective enantioselective toxic effect of environmental neurotoxins on PD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Neuroscience Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baorong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Pansa CC, Molica LR, de Oliveira Júnior FC, Santello LC, Moraes KCM. Cellular and molecular effects of fipronil in lipid metabolism of HepG2 and its possible connection to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23595. [PMID: 38050659 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global public health problem that affects more than a quarter of the population. The development of this disease is correlated with metabolic dysfunctions that lead to lipid accumulation in the liver. Pesticides are one of etiologies that support NAFLD establishment. Therefore, the effects of the insecticide fipronil on the lipid metabolism of the human hepatic cell line, HepG2, was investigated, considering its widespread use in field crops and even to control domestic pests. To address the goals of the study, biochemical, cellular, and molecular analyses of different concentrations of fipronil in cell cultures were investigated, after 24 h of incubation. Relevant metabolites such as triglycerides, glucose levels, β-oxidation processes, and gene expression of relevant elements correlated with lipid and metabolism of xenobiotics were investigated. The results suggested that at 20 μM, the pesticide increased the accumulation of triglycerides and neutral lipids by reducing fatty acid oxidation and increasing de novo lipogenesis. In addition, changes were observed in genes that control oxidative stress and the xenobiotic metabolism. Together, the results suggest that the metabolic changes caused by the insecticide fipronil may be deleterious if persistent, favoring the establishment of hepatic steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Pansa
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia R Molica
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiano C de Oliveira Júnior
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Lara C Santello
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen C M Moraes
- Laboratório Sinalização Celular e Expressão Gênica, DBGA, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
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3
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Xu X, Yu Y, Ling M, Ares I, Martínez M, Lopez-Torres B, Maximiliano JE, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Wang X, Anadón A, Martínez MA. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage in lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity: A comprehensive review of antioxidant mechanisms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 338:122694. [PMID: 37802283 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Lambda-cyhalothrin, also known as cyhalothrin, is an efficient, broad-spectrum, quick-acting pyrethroid insecticide and acaricide and the most powerful pyrethroid insecticide in the world. However, there is increasing evidence that lambda-cyhalothrin is closely related to a variety of toxicity drawbacks (hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity and reproductive toxicity, among others) in non-target organisms, and oxidative stress seems to be the main mechanism of toxicity. This manuscript reviews the oxidative and mitochondrial damage induced by lambda-cyhalothrin and the signalling pathways involved in this process, indicating that oxidative stress occupies an important position in lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity. The mechanism of antioxidants to alleviate the toxicity of lambda-cyhalothrin is also discussed. In addition, the metabolites of lambda-cyhalothrin and the major metabolic enzymes involved in metabolic reactions are summarized. This review article reveals a key mechanism of lambda-cyhalothrin toxicity-oxidative damage and suggests that the use of antioxidants seems to be an effective method for preventing toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Xu
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yixin Yu
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Min Ling
- MAO Laboratory for Risk Assessment of Quality and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge-Enrique Maximiliano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xu Wang
- National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), and Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Larsen K, Ichinose P, Fernández-San Juan R, Lifschitz A, Virkel G. Effects of acaricides on the activities of monooxygenases in bovine liver microsomes. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2023; 46:375-384. [PMID: 37231529 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.13395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs), pyrethrins and fipronil, are acaricides commonly used in cattle, mainly as pour on formulations. Scant information is available on their potential interactions with hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. This work aimed to evaluate in vitro the potential inhibitory effects of widely employed acaricides on catalytic activities mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) and flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) enzymes in cattle. Bovine (n = 4) liver microsomes were incubated in the absence (control assays) and in presence of different OPs (fenthion, chlorpyrifos, ethion, diazinon and dichlorvos), fipronil and cypermethrin at 0.1-100 μm. Five oxidative enzyme activities were assayed by spectrofluorimetric or HPLC methods: 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (for CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (for CYP1A2), benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (for CYP2B), testosterone 6-beta hydroxylase (for CYP3A) and benzydamine N-oxidase (for FMO). All acaricides, particularly phosphorothionate-containing OPs, inhibited to some extent more than one enzyme activity. The most frequent inhibitor was fenthion, which inhibited (p < .05) all enzyme activities tested (from 22% at 1 μm to 72% at 100 μm). However, low inhibitory potencies (IC50s higher than 7 μm) of all acaricides studied were observed against the catalytic activities assayed. Therefore, the risk of in vivo metabolic interactions due to inhibition of monooxygenases would be low under common husbandry conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Larsen
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Ichinose
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Rocío Fernández-San Juan
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Virkel
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (UNCPBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN), UNCPBA-CICPBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Morin É, Dumais É, Bianchi C, Bouchard M. Assessing the impact of coexposure on the measurement of biomarkers of exposure to the pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin in agricultural workers. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 251:114194. [PMID: 37290330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
There are few published data on the impact of combined exposure to multiple pesticides (coexposure) on levels of biomarkers of exposure in workers, which may alter their toxicokinetics and thus the interpretation of biomonitoring data. This study aimed to assess the impact of coexposure to two pesticides with shared metabolism pathways on levels of biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroid pesticides in agricultural workers. The pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and the fungicide captan were used as sentinel pesticides, since they are widely sprayed concomitantly in agricultural crops. Eighty-seven (87) workers assigned to different tasks (application, weeding, picking) were recruited. The recruited workers provided two-consecutive 24-h urine collections following an episode of lambda-cyhalothrin application alone or in combination with captan or following tasks in the treated fields, as well as a control collection. Concentrations of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites - 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) - were measured in the samples. Potential determinants of exposure established in a previous study, including the task performed and personal factors were documented by questionnaire. Multivariate analyses showed that coexposure did not have a statistically significant effect on the observed urinary levels of 3-PBA (Exp(β) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)): 0.94 (0.78-1.13)) and CFMP (1.10 (0.93-1.30). The repeated biological measurements ("time variable") - defined as the within-subjects variable - was a significant predictor of observed biological levels of 3-PBA and CFMP; the within-subjects variance (Exp(β) (95% (95% CI)) for 3-PBA and CFMP was 1.11 (1.09-3.49) and 1.25 (1.20-1.31). Only the main occupational task was associated with urinary levels of 3-PBA and CFMP. Compared to the weeding or picking task, the pesticide application task was associated with higher urinary 3-PBA and CFMP concentrations. In sum, coexposure to agricultural pesticides in the strawberry fields did not increase pyrethroid biomarker concentrations at the exposure levels observed in the studied workers. The study also confirmed previous data suggesting that applicators were more exposed than workers assigned to field tasks such as weeding and picking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Éloïse Morin
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Étienne Dumais
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Clara Bianchi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U436, P.O. Box 6128, Main Station, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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Karaca M, Willenbockel CT, Tralau T, Bloch D, Marx-Stoelting P. Toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic mixture effects of plant protection products: A case study. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 141:105400. [PMID: 37116736 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Authorisation of ready to use plant protection products (PPPs) usually relies on the testing of acute and local toxicity only. This is in stark contrast to the situation for active substances where the mandatory data set comprises a most comprehensive set of studies. While the combination of certain active ingredients and co-formulants may nevertheless result in increased toxicity of the final product such combinations have never been evaluated systematically for complex and long-term toxicological endpoints. We therefore investigated the effect of three frequently used co-formulants on the toxicokinetic and toxicodynamic of the representative active substance combination of tebuconazol (Teb) and prothioconazol (Pro) or of cypermethrin (Cpm) and piperonyl butoxide (Pip), respectively. With all four active substances being potential liver steatogens, cytotoxicity and triglyceride accumulation in HepaRG were used as primary endpoints. Concomitantly transcriptomics and biochemical studies were applied to interrogate for effects on gene expression or inhibition of CYP3A4 as key enzyme for functionalization. Some of the tested combinations clearly showed more than additive effects, partly due to CYP3A4 enzyme inhibition. Other effects comprised the modulation of the expression and activity of steatosis-related nuclear key receptors. Altogether, the findings highlight the need for a more systematic consideration of toxicodynamic and toxicokinetic mixture effects during assessment of PPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawien Karaca
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Tobias Willenbockel
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tewes Tralau
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Denise Bloch
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Department of Pesticides Safety, Max-Dohrn-Straße 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany; Technical University of Berlin, Institute for Chemistry, Straße des 17. Juni 115, 10623, Berlin, Germany.
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Nolden M, Velten R, Paine MJI, Nauen R. Resilience of transfluthrin to oxidative attack by duplicated CYP6P9 variants known to confer pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105356. [PMID: 36963931 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to common pyrethroids, such as deltamethrin and permethrin is widespread in the malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus and mainly conferred by upregulated cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s). In the pyrethroid resistant laboratory strain An. funestus FUMOZ-R the duplicated genes CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b are highly upregulated and have been shown to metabolize various pyrethroids, including deltamethrin and permethrin. Here, we recombinantly expressed CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b from An. funestus using a baculovirus expression system and evaluated the interaction of the multifluorinated benzyl pyrethroid transfluthrin with these enzymes by different approaches. First, by Michaelis-Menten kinetics in a fluorescent probe assay with the model substrate 7-benzyloxymethoxy-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (BOMFC), we showed the inhibition of BOMFC metabolism by increasing concentrations of transfluthrin. Second, we tested the metabolic capacity of recombinantly expressed CYP6P9 variants to degrade transfluthrin utilizing UPLC-MS/MS analysis and detected low depletion rates, explaining the virtual lack of resistance of strain FUMOZ-R to transfluthrin observed in previous studies. However, as both approaches suggested an interaction of CYP6P9 variants with transfluthrin, we analyzed the oxidative metabolic fate and failed to detect hydroxylated transfluthrin, but low amounts of an M-2 transfluthrin metabolite. Based on the detected metabolite we hypothesize oxidative attack of the gem-dimethyl substituted cyclopropyl moiety, resulting in the formation of an allyl cation upon ring opening. In conclusion, these findings support the resilience of transfluthrin to P450-mediated pyrethroid resistance, and thus, reinforces its employment as an important resistance-breaking pyrethroid in resistance management strategies to control the major malaria vector An. funestus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nolden
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Velten
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany
| | - Mark J I Paine
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789 Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
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Deepika D, Kumar S, Bravo N, Esplugas R, Capodiferro M, Sharma RP, Schuhmacher M, Grimalt JO, Blanco J, Kumar V. Chlorpyrifos, permethrin and cyfluthrin effect on cell survival, permeability, and tight junction in an in-vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:152-162. [PMID: 36167171 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a structural and functional interface between the plasma and the human brain. Predictive BBB in-vitro models like immortalized human capillary microvascular endothelial cells (HCMEC/D3) can be used to explore the BBB disruption potential of daily exposed chemicals. The present study was focused on investigating the human BBB permeation potential of one organophosphate pesticide, chlorpyrifos (CPF), and two pyrethroids, permethrin (PMT) and cyfluthrin (CFT). HCMEC/D3 cells were exposed to the chemical and the time-dependent pass across BBB along with permeation coefficient (Papp) was calculated. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) was measured for the cells to check the monolayer formation and later to check the reduction in integrity after chemical exposure. Real time PCR was conducted to investigate the effect of chemicals on the expression BBB´s tight and adherens junction proteins. Calculated Papp value for three chemicals was in the following order: CPF>CFT>PMT, where CPF showed the highest permeation coefficient. TEER calculation showed that the integrity decreased after CPF exposure which was in concordance with Papp value whereas for other chemicals, no change in TEER after exposure was observed. In addition, the transwell study showed a higher efflux ratio (ER) (>2) of CFT indicating that CFT could be a substrate for active transport. For CPF and PMT, ER was less than 2, so no active transport seems to be involved. The evaluation of the mRNA expression analysis revealed a statistically significant decrease in Occludin (OCLN) gene expression for CPF, VE-Cadherin (CDH5) for PMT and Zonula Occludens (ZO1) expression for CFT. Our study showed that CPF has the highest potential for inducing cell death, higher permeation, and capability to induce BBB dysfunction than among the above-mentioned chemicals. Additionally, the results of the permeation study could be useful to build a human PBPK model using in vitro-to-in vivo extrapolation approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Deepika
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Saurav Kumar
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Natalia Bravo
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Roser Esplugas
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Marco Capodiferro
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Raju Prasad Sharma
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Marta Schuhmacher
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Departament d'Enginyeria Quimica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) - Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Department of Environmental Chemistry, Jordi Girona, 18, 08034 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Jordi Blanco
- Laboratory of Toxicology and Environmental Health, School of Medicine, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Vikas Kumar
- IISPV, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, Reus, Spain.
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Nolden M, Paine MJI, Nauen R. Sequential phase I metabolism of pyrethroids by duplicated CYP6P9 variants results in the loss of the terminal benzene moiety and determines resistance in the malaria mosquito Anopheles funestus. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 148:103813. [PMID: 35870762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles funestus is threatening the eradication of malaria. One of the major drivers of pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus are cytochrome P450 monooxygenases CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, which are found upregulated in resistant An. funestus populations from Sub-Saharan Africa and are known to metabolise pyrethroids. Here, we have functionally expressed CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b variants and investigated their interactions with azole-fungicides and pyrethroids. Some azole fungicides such as prochloraz inhibited CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b at nanomolar concentrations, whereas pyrethroids were weak inhibitors (>100 μM). Amino acid sequence comparisons suggested that a valine to isoleucine substitution at position 310 in the active site cavity of CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b, respectively, might affect substrate binding and metabolism. We therefore swapped the residues by site directed mutagenesis to produce CYP6P9aI310V and CYP6P9bV310I. CYP6P9bV310I produced stronger metabolic activity towards coumarin substrates and pyrethroids, particularly permethrin. The V310I mutation was previously also detected in a pyrethroid resistant field population of An. funestus in Benin. Additionally, we found the first metabolite of permethrin and deltamethrin after hydroxylation, 4'OH permethrin and 4'OH deltamethrin, were also suitable substrates for CYP6P9-variants, and were depleted by both enzymes to a higher extent than as their respective parent compounds (approximately 20% more active). Further, we found that both metabolites were toxic against An. funestus FANG (pyrethroid susceptible) but not towards FUMOZ-R (pyrethroid resistant) mosquitoes, the latter suggesting detoxification by overexpressed CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b. We confirmed by mass-spectrometric analysis that CYP6P9a and CYP6P9b are capable of cleaving phenoxybenzyl-ethers in type I pyrethroid permethrin and type II pyrethroid deltamethrin and that both enzymes preferentially metabolise trans-permethrin. This provides new insight into the metabolism of pyrethroids and a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms of pyrethroid resistance in An. funestus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Nolden
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany; Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J I Paine
- Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L3 5QA, United Kingdom.
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel Str. 50, D-40789, Monheim am Rhein, Germany.
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10
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Rivera-Dávila OL, Sánchez-Martínez G, Rico-Martínez R. Toxicity tests, bioaccumulation and residuality of pyrethroid insecticides commonly used to control conifer bark beetles in Mexico. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:782-796. [PMID: 35445954 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02546-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Effectiveness of pyrethroid insecticides against pests including bark beetles (Dendroctonus spp.) is well known, but little is known about their (a) residuality and persistence in forests after application to control an outbreak and (b) ability to bioaccumulate in insects, which could cause adverse effects on the trophic chains. The 24 h lethal toxicity, bioaccumulation factors, and lethal body burdens of the pyrethroid insecticides bifenthrin, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin were evaluated in the bark beetle Dendroctonus mexicanus. The residuality and persistence of the insecticide bifenthrin in the forest ecosystem (soil, water, and sediment) was also monitored after its application in a region infested by bark beetles. We determined whether contamination of soil, water, and sediments occurred near the sanitation site. For D. mexicanus, the most toxic insecticide for adults was bifenthrin for topical application (LC50 = 0.94 mg/L) and cypermethrin for bark application (LC50 = 5.04 mg/L). The insecticide that bioaccumulated the most in the insect body was deltamethrin (622.41 μg g-1 dw) and the insecticide that bioaccumulated the least amount was cypermethrin (183.09 μg g-1 dw). However, cypermethrin was the active substance that presented the lowest body burdens, and therefore required a lower dose to cause death of D. mexicanus adults. Our results demonstrate that prolonged presence of bifenthrin in the forest ecosystem could lead to bioaccumulation in soil, sediment, and insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lidia Rivera-Dávila
- Departamento de Química. Avenida Universidad 940. Aguascalientes, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Aguascalientes, C.P. 20131, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Sánchez-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Regional Norte Centro, Campo Experimental Pabellón, INIFAP, Km. 32.5 Carretera Aguascalientes-Zacatecas, Pabellón de Arteaga, Ags. C.P. 20670, Mexico.
| | - Roberto Rico-Martínez
- Departamento de Química. Avenida Universidad 940. Aguascalientes, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes. Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Aguascalientes, C.P. 20131, Mexico.
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11
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Mahrouche L, Mantha M, El Majidi N, Furtos A, Bouchard M. Excretion time courses of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites in the urine of strawberry farmworkers and effect of coexposure with captan. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:2465-2486. [PMID: 35567602 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There are limited literature data on the impact of coexposure on the toxicokinetics of pesticides in agricultural workers. Using the largely employed pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and fungicide captan as sentinel pesticides, we compared individual temporal profiles of biomarkers of exposure to LCT in strawberry field workers following an application episode of LCT alone or in coexposure with captan. Participants provided all urine voided over a 3-day period after an application of a pesticide formulation containing LCT alone (E1) or LCT mixed with captan (E2), and in some cases following re-entry in treated field (E3). Pyrethroid metabolites were measured in all urine samples, in particular 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (CFMP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), and 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA). There were no obvious differences in individual concentration-time profiles and cumulative excretion of metabolites (CFMP, 3-PBA, 4-OH3BPA) after exposure to LCT alone or in combination with captan. For most workers and exposure scenarios, CFMP was the main metabolite excreted, but time courses of CFMP in urine did not always follow that of 3-PBA and 4-OH3BPA. Given that the latter metabolites are common to other pyrethroids, this suggests that some workers were coexposed to pyrethroids other than LCT. For several workers and exposure scenarios E1 and E2, values of CFMP increased in the hours following spraying. However, for many pesticide operators, other peaks of CFMP were observed at later times, indicating that tasks other than spraying of LCT-containing formulations contributed to this increased exposure. These tasks were mainly handling/cleaning of equipment used for spraying (tractor or sprayer) or work/inspection in LCT-treated field according to questionnaire responses. Overall, this study provided novel excretion time course data for LCT metabolites valuable for interpretation of biomonitoring data in workers, but also showed that coexposure was not a major determinant of variability in exposure biomarker levels. Our analysis also pointed out the importance of measuring specific metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Louiza Mahrouche
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, MIL Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc Mantha
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Naïma El Majidi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Alexandra Furtos
- Department of Chemistry, University of Montreal, MIL Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U436H3C 3J7, Canada.
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12
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Abass K, Reponen P, Alsanie WF, Rautio A, Pelkonen O. Characterization of furathiocarb metabolism in in vitro human liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:679-689. [PMID: 35399214 PMCID: PMC8989696 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Furathiocarb is a carbamate insecticide detected in ecosystems. Its main metabolite carbofuran has been alluded to affect birth outcomes and disturb hormone levels in humans. The metabolism of furathiocarb in humans has not been characterized. The metabolism studies were performed using hepatic microsomes from ten donors and fifteen human cDNA-expressed CYPs. The initial screening and identification of the metabolites were performed by LC-TOF. Quantifications and fragmentations were performed by LC/MS-MS. Furathiocarb was metabolized to eight phase I metabolites via two general pathways, carbofuran metabolic pathway and furathiocarb oxidation pathway. Six metabolites in the carbofuran metabolic pathway (carbofuran, 3-hydroxycarbofuran, 3-ketocarbofuran, 3-keto-7-phenolcarbofuran, 3-hydroxy-7-phenolcarbofuran, and 7-phenolcarbofuran) were identified with the help of authentic standards. The two unidentified metabolites in the furathiocarb oxidation pathway are probably hydroxylated and sulfoxidated derivatives of furathiocarb. The carbofuran metabolic pathway was more predominant than the furathiocarb oxidation pathway, ratios ranged from 24- to 115-fold in a 10-donor panel of hepatic microsomes. On the basis of recombinant CYP studies, the carbofuran pathway was dominated by CYP3A4 (95.9%); contributions by CYP1A2 (1.3%) and CYP2B6 (2.0%) were minor. The minor furathiocarb oxidation pathway was catalyzed by CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 (hydroxylated/sulfoxidated metabolite A) and by CYP3A5, CYP3A4 and CYP2A6 (metabolite B). High and significant correlation between carbofuran metabolic pathway and CYP3A4 marker activities (midazolam-1'-hydroxylation and omeprazole-sulfoxidation) were observed. Ketoconazole, a CYP3A4-inhibitor, inhibited the carbofuran pathway by 32–86% and hydroxylated/sulfoxidated metabolite-B formations by 41–62%. The data suggest that in humans, the carbofuran metabolic pathway is dominant, and CYP3A4 is the major enzyme involved. These results provide useful scientific information for furathiocarb risk assessment in humans. Eight Phase I metabolites were detected by LC-TOF-MS/MS. The carbofuran pathway was more rapid than the furathiocarb oxidation pathway The carbofuran pathway was dominated by CYP3A4 (96%). Ketoconazole inhibited the carbofuran pathway by 32–86%. The findings provide useful scientific information for furathiocarb risk assessment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, FI-90014, Finland
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
- Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, P.O. Box 32511, Egypt
- Correspondence to: Faculty of Medicine, Arctic Health, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.
| | - Petri Reponen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Walaa F. Alsanie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, The Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences & Centre of Biomedical Sciences Research (CBSR), Taif University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arja Rautio
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, FI-90014, Finland
- Thule Institute, University of the Arctic, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Olavi Pelkonen
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5000, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
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13
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Wang Z, Li R, Wu Q, Duan J, Tan Y, Sun X, Chen R, Shi H, Wang M. Enantioselective Metabolic Mechanism and Metabolism Pathway of Pydiflumetofen in Rat Liver Microsomes: In Vitro and In Silico Study. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2520-2528. [PMID: 35184556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pydiflumetofen (PYD) has been used worldwide. However, the enantioselective fate of PYD within mammals is not clear. Thus, the enantioselective metabolism and its potential mechanisms of PYD were explored via in vitro and in silico. Consistent results were observed between metabolism and enzyme kinetics experiments, with S-PYD metabolizing faster than R-PYD in rat liver microsomes. Moreover, CYP3A1 and carboxylesterase 1 were found to be major enzymes participating in the metabolism of PYD. Based on the computational results, S-PYD bound with CYP3A1 and carboxylesterase 1 more tightly with lower binding free energy than R-PYD, explaining the mechanism of enantioselective metabolism. Nine phase I metabolites of PYD were identified, and metabolic pathways of PYD were speculated. This study is the first to clarify the metabolism of PYD in mammals, and further research to evaluate the toxicological implications of these metabolites will help in assessing the risk of PYD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qiqi Wu
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinsheng Duan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-Product Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuting Tan
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rou Chen
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Haiyan Shi
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of Pesticide Science, College of Plant Protection, State & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Invention and Application, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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14
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Ji C, Tanabe P, Shi Q, Qian L, McGruer V, Magnuson JT, Wang X, Gan J, Gadepalli RS, Rimoldi J, Schlenk D. Stage Dependent Enantioselective Metabolism of Bifenthrin in Embryos of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and Japanese Medaka ( Oryzias latipes). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:9087-9096. [PMID: 34106693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bifenthrin (BF) is a widely used pyrethroid that has been frequently detected in surface waters. Previous studies indicated that BF had antiestrogenic activity in zebrafish embryos but estrogenic activity in posthatch fish. To determine whether age-related differences in metabolism contribute to the endocrine effects in developing fish, embryos from zebrafish and Japanese medaka were exposed to BF before and after liver development. Since the commercial mixture of BF is an isomer-enriched product containing two enantiomers (1R-cis-BF and 1S-cis-BF), enantioselective metabolism was also evaluated. The estrogenic metabolite, 4-hydroxybifenthrin (4-OH-BF) was identified in zebrafish embryos, and formation was higher in animals after liver development (>48 hpf). Treatments with β-glucuronidase indicated that 4-OH-BF underwent conjugation in embryos. Formation was reduced by cotreatment of the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) inhibitor, ketoconazole. Formation of 4-OH-BF was greater when treated with 1R-cis-BF compared to the S-enantiomer. However, metabolites were not observed in medaka embryos. These data indicate enantioselective oxidation of BF to an estrogenic metabolite occurs in zebrafish embryos and, since it is increased after liver development, may partially explain estrogenic activity observed in older animals. The lack of activity in medaka suggests species-specific effects with BF metabolism and may influence risk assessment strategies in wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, P. R. China
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Philip Tanabe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Qingyang Shi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Le Qian
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Victoria McGruer
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jason T Magnuson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou, 310008, P. R. China
| | - Jay Gan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Rama S Gadepalli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mississipi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - John Rimoldi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Mississipi, University, Mississippi 38677, United States
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Tian K, Feng J, Zhu J, Cheng J, Li M, Qiu X. Pyrethrin-resembling pyrethroids are metabolized more readily than heavily modified ones by CYP9As from Helicoverpa armigera. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 176:104871. [PMID: 34119216 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, is a polyphagous pest threatening many economically important crops worldwide. Until recently, synthetic pyrethroids remain in wide use for controlling pest insects including the cotton bollworm. Understanding the metabolic mechanism of pyrethroids in a given pest can provide significant implication for a smart choice of insecticides, and such information is useful for the development of novel selective and safe insecticides. In this study, we used complexes of recombinant H. armigera cytochrome P450 CYP9A and NADPH-dependent cytochrome P450 reductase to investigate the capacity of three CYP9A paralogs in the transformation of seven structurally different pyrethroids by metabolism assays. The results showed that the three paralogous CYP9As were able to metabolize multiple pyrethroids. Interestingly, all the three CYP9As transformed pyrethrin-resembling pyrethroids (e.g. bioallethrin) more efficiently than the heavily modified ones (e.g. bifenthrin). These findings suggest that herbivorous insects can cope with synthetic insecticides using their physiological systems that initially evolved to survive exposure to the defensive chemicals in their host plants, adding support to the pre-adaptation hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jing Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiagao Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xinghui Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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16
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Freire C, Suárez B, Vela-Soria F, Castiello F, Reina-Pérez I, Andersen HR, Olea N, Fernández MF. Urinary metabolites of non-persistent pesticides and serum hormones in Spanish adolescent males. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 197:111016. [PMID: 33771511 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of urinary concentrations of ethylenethiourea (ETU), the main degradation product of ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate fungicides, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), a common metabolite of many pyrethroids, and 1-naphthol (1N), a metabolite of the carbamate insecticide carbaryl, with hormone concentrations in adolescent males; and to examine interactions between pesticide metabolites and polymorphisms in xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, including CYP2C19 and CYP2D6, in relation to hormone concentrations. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in 134 males from the Spanish Environment and Childhood (INMA)-Granada cohort. Urine and serum samples were collected from participants during the same clinical visit at the age of 15-17 years. First morning urine void was analyzed for concentrations of ETU, 3-PBA, and 1N. Serum was analyzed for concentrations of reproductive hormones (testosterone, 17β-estradiol [E2], dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate [DHEAS], sex hormone binding globulin [SHBG], luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH], anti-Müllerian hormone [AMH], and prolactin), thyroid hormones (free thyroxine [FT4], total triiodothyronine [TT3], and thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH]), insulin growth factor 1 (IGF-1), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and cortisol. CYP2C19 G681A and CYP2D6 G1846A polymorphisms were determined in blood from 117 participants. Multiple linear regression, interaction terms, and stratified analyses were performed. RESULTS Urinary ETU was detected in 74.6% of participants, 1N in 38.1%, and 3-PBA in 19.4%. Positive associations between detectable 3-PBA and TT3 and between detectable 1N and DHEAS were found, and marginally-significant associations of 1N with reduced E2 and FSH were observed. Poor CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 metabolizers (GA and AA genotype carriers) showed a greater increase in DHEAS for detected versus undetected 1N compared with GG genotype carriers. Poor CYP2D6 metabolizers (1846 GA and AA genotypes) evidenced increased cortisol for detected versus undetected ETU. CONCLUSIONS The associations observed between urinary pesticide metabolites and altered thyroid and reproductive hormones are novel and should be verified in studies with larger sample size. Further research on gene-environment interactions is warranted to establish individual susceptibility to pesticides and the risk of adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Freire
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Suárez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain.
| | - Fernando Vela-Soria
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain.
| | - Francesca Castiello
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; Unidad de Gestión Clínica (UGC) de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Iris Reina-Pérez
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Helle R Andersen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Mariana F Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Spain; Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100, Granada, Spain; Department of Radiology and Physical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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17
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Mallick P, Moreau M, Song G, Efremenko AY, Pendse SN, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Hines RN, Hinderliter P, Clewell HJ, Lake BG, Yoon M. Development and Application of a Life-Stage Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) Model to the Assessment of Internal Dose of Pyrethroids in Humans. Toxicol Sci 2021; 173:86-99. [PMID: 31593217 PMCID: PMC6944222 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To address concerns around age-related sensitivity to pyrethroids, a life-stage physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, supported by in vitro to in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) was developed. The model was used to predict age-dependent changes in target tissue exposure of 8 pyrethroids; deltamethrin (DLM), cis-permethrin (CPM), trans-permethrin, esfenvalerate, cyphenothrin, cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, and bifenthrin. A single model structure was used based on previous work in the rat. Intrinsic clearance (CLint) of each individual cytochrome P450 or carboxylesterase (CES) enzyme that are active for a given pyrethroid were measured in vitro, then biologically scaled to obtain in vivo age-specific total hepatic CLint. These IVIVE results indicate that, except for bifenthrin, CES enzymes are largely responsible for human hepatic metabolism (>50% contribution). Given the high efficiency and rapid maturation of CESs, clearance of the pyrethroids is very efficient across ages, leading to a blood flow-limited metabolism. Together with age-specific physiological parameters, in particular liver blood flow, the efficient metabolic clearance of pyrethroids across ages results in comparable to or even lower internal exposure in the target tissue (brain) in children than that in adults in response to the same level of exposure to a given pyrethroid (Cmax ratio in brain between 1- and 25-year old = 0.69, 0.93, and 0.94 for DLM, bifenthrin, and CPM, respectively). Our study demonstrated that a life-stage PBPK modeling approach, coupled with IVIVE, provides a robust framework for evaluating age-related differences in pharmacokinetics and internal target tissue exposure in humans for the pyrethroid class of chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gina Song
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,ToxStrategies, Cary, North Carolina 27511
| | | | - Salil N Pendse
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Moire R Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, California 95648
| | | | - Ronald N Hines
- US EPA, ORD, NHEERL, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | | | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709.,ToxStrategies, Cary, North Carolina 27511
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18
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Pitzer EM, Williams MT, Vorhees CV. Effects of pyrethroids on brain development and behavior: Deltamethrin. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 87:106983. [PMID: 33848594 PMCID: PMC8440325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.106983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deltamethrin (DLM) is a Type II pyrethroid pesticide widely used in agriculture, homes, public spaces, and medicine. Epidemiological studies report that increased pyrethroid exposure during development is associated with neurobehavioral disorders. This raises concern about the safety of these chemicals for children. Few animal studies have explored the long-term effects of developmental exposure to DLM on the brain. Here we review the CNS effects of pyrethroids, with emphasis on DLM. Current data on behavioral and cognitive effects after developmental exposure are emphasized. Although, the acute mechanisms of action of DLM are known, how these translate to long-term effects is only beginning to be understood. But existing data clearly show there are lasting effects on locomotor activity, acoustic startle, learning and memory, apoptosis, and dopamine in mice and rats after early exposure. The most consistent neurochemical findings are reductions in the dopamine transporter and the dopamine D1 receptor. The data show that DLM is developmentally neurotoxic but more research on its mechanisms of long-term effects is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Pitzer
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America; Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, United States of America.
| | - Michael T Williams
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States of America.
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19
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Abstract
Human and animal welfare primarily depends on the availability of food and surrounding environment. Over a century and half, the quest to identify agents that can enhance food production and protection from vector borne diseases resulted in the identification and use of a variety of pesticides, of which the pyrethroid based ones emerged as the best choice. Pesticides while improved the quality of life, on the other hand caused enormous health risks. Because of their percolation into drinking water and food chain and usage in domestic settings, humans unintentionally get exposed to the pesticides on a daily basis. The health hazards of almost all known pesticides at a variety of doses and exposure times are reported. This review provides a comprehensive summation on the historical, epidemiological, chemical and biological (physiological, biochemical and molecular) aspects of pyrethroid based insecticides. An overview of the available knowledge suggests that the synthetic pyrethroids vary in their chemical and toxic nature and pose health hazards that range from simple nausea to cancers. Despite large number of reports, studies that focused on identifying the health hazards using doses that are equivalent or relevant to human exposure are lacking. It is high time such studies are conducted to provide concrete evidence on the hazards of consuming pesticide contaminated food. Policy decisions to decrease the residual levels of pesticides in agricultural products and also to encourage organic farming is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh Yenugu
- Department of Animal Biology, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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20
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González-Gómez X, Simal-Gándara J, Fidalgo Alvarez LE, López-Beceiro AM, Pérez-López M, Martínez-Carballo E. Non-invasive biomonitoring of organic pollutants using feather samples in feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica). ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 267:115672. [PMID: 33254606 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
A large portion of organic pollutants (OPs) represent a potential hazard to humans and living beings due to their toxic properties. For several years, birds have been used as biomonitor species of environmental pollution. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs), organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and pyrethroids (PYRs) were assessed in body feather samples of 71 feral pigeons (Columba livia domestica) collected from Asturias and Galicia (NW Spain). The percentage of detection for all chemical groups were above 90% in studied birds. The general pattern was dominated by PAHs (mean value ± standard deviation (SD) 32 ± 15 ng/g) followed by OCPs (3.8 ± 1.1 ng/g), PYRs (3.4 ± 3.8 ng/g), PCBs (1.6 ± 1.0 ng/g), OPPs (1.3 ± 0.70 ng/g) and PBDEs (0.80 ± 0.30 ng/g). Significant differences were observed between age, location and gender suggesting different sources of exposure and accumulation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiana González-Gómez
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster (CITACA), Campus da Auga, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Jesús Simal-Gándara
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster (CITACA), Campus da Auga, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
| | - Luis Eusebio Fidalgo Alvarez
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain.
| | - Ana María López-Beceiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, 27003, Spain.
| | - Marcos Pérez-López
- Toxicology Area, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (UEX), Caceres, 10003, Spain.
| | - Elena Martínez-Carballo
- Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Agri-Food Research and Transfer Cluster (CITACA), Campus da Auga, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
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21
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Li Z. Spatiotemporal pattern models for bioaccumulation of pesticides in herbivores: An approximation theory for North American white-tailed deer. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:140271. [PMID: 32783856 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure is a major cause of pesticide bioaccumulation in herbivores. However, various types of natural conditions affect the structure of the complicated herbivores' diets, making it difficult to assess their exposure to pesticides. In this study, to evaluate the role of pesticides in the terrestrial food web, a dynamic hybrid dietary model was developed for North American white-tailed deer (or whitetails), which integrates different plant types and the digestibility of deer's foods. Moreover, an equivalent season approach was introduced to generalize the pesticide intake rate geographically. The results indicate that the soil-to-whitetail (meat) bioaccumulation factor (BAF) values in summer are significantly higher than those of other seasonal periods, owing to the high food availability and digestibility. Pesticides with low octanol/water partition coefficients have a high computed soil-to-plant BAF, but a low plant-to-whitetail (meat) BAF, because the transpiration process dominates the bioaccumulation process in plants. Lipid absorption plays a more important role in herbivores and lowers the biomagnification ratio (a smaller amount of pesticides flows to the next level of the food chain). According to the equivalent season approach, geographic locations with warmer climates facilitate pesticide bioaccumulation at a higher level of the terrestrial food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong 510275, China.
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22
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Price RJ, Scott MP, Cantrill C, Higgins LG, Moreau M, Yoon M, Clewell HJ, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Houston JB, Lake BG. Kinetics of metabolism of deltamethrin and cis- and trans-permethrin in vitro. Studies using rat and human liver microsomes, isolated rat hepatocytes and rat liver cytosol. Xenobiotica 2020; 51:40-50. [PMID: 32757971 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1807075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of metabolism of deltamethrin (DLM) and cis- and trans-permethrin (CPM and TPM) was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rat and human liver microsomes. DLM metabolism kinetics was also studied in isolated rat hepatocytes, liver microsomes and cytosol. Apparent intrinsic clearance (CLint) values for the metabolism of DLM, CPM and TPM by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and carboxylesterase (CES) enzymes in rat and human liver microsomes decreased with increasing microsomal protein concentration. However, when apparent CLint values were corrected for nonspecific binding to allow calculation of unbound (i.e., corrected) CLint values, the unbound values did not vary greatly with microsomal protein concentration. Unbound CLint values for metabolism of 0.05-1 μM DLM in rat liver microsomes (CYP and CES enzymes) and cytosol (CES enzymes) were not significantly different from rates of DLM metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes. This study demonstrates that the nonspecific binding of these highly lipophilic compounds needs to be taken into account in order to obtain accurate estimates of rates of in vitro metabolism of these pyrethroids. While DLM is rapidly metabolised in vitro, the hepatocyte membrane does not appear to represent a barrier to the absorption and hence subsequent hepatic metabolism of this pyrethroid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger J Price
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Mary P Scott
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Carina Cantrill
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Larry G Higgins
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Moire R Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, CA, USA
| | | | - J Brian Houston
- Centre for Applied Pharmacokinetic Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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23
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Higgins LG, Chatham LR, Tomczynski SL, MacLeod AK, Moreau M, Clewell HJ, Yoon M, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Lake BG. Differential lymphatic versus portal vein uptake of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin and cis-permethrin in rats. Toxicology 2020; 443:152563. [PMID: 32805335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2020.152563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to obtain data on pathways of absorption of the synthetic pyrethroids deltamethrin (DLM) and cis-permethrin (CPM) following oral administration to rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with cannulated mesenteric lymph ducts and hepatic portal veins were given single doses of either 5 mg/kg DLM or 60 mg/kg CPM via the duodenum and lymph and portal blood samples collected for up to 300 min. The pyrethroid dosing vehicles (5 mL/kg body weight) were either corn oil or glycerol formal. Levels of DLM and CPM in lymph and portal blood samples were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry. Over the time period studied, levels of both DLM and CPM following administration in either corn oil or glycerol formal were greater in lymph than in portal blood. Lymphatic uptake of both DLM and CPM was enhanced following dosing in glycerol formal than in corn oil. The results of this study suggest that after oral administration to rats, these two pyrethroids are predominantly absorbed via the lymphatic system rather than via portal blood. The data obtained in this study thus support a recently developed physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to evaluate age-related differences in pyrethroid pharmacokinetics in the rat, where it was assumed that absorption of pyrethroids was predominantly via lymphatic uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry G Higgins
- Concept Life Sciences (Formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Lynsey R Chatham
- Concept Life Sciences (Formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sara L Tomczynski
- Concept Life Sciences (Formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Kenneth MacLeod
- Concept Life Sciences (Formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), 2, James Lindsay Place, Dundee Technopole, Dundee, DD1 5JJ, United Kingdom
| | - Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Moire R Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, CA, 95648, USA
| | | | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
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24
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Mallick P, Song G, Efremenko AY, Pendse SN, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Hines RN, Hinderliter P, Clewell HJ, Lake BG, Yoon M, Moreau M. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling in Risk Assessment: Case Study With Pyrethroids. Toxicol Sci 2020; 176:460-469. [PMID: 32421774 PMCID: PMC7416317 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfaa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The assessment of potentially sensitive populations is an important application of risk assessment. To address the concern for age-related sensitivity to pyrethroid insecticides, life-stage physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling supported by in vitro to in vivo extrapolation was conducted to predict age-dependent changes in target tissue exposure to 8 pyrethroids. The purpose of this age-dependent dosimetry was to calculate a Data-derived Extrapolation Factor (DDEF) to address age-related pharmacokinetic differences for pyrethroids in humans. We developed a generic human PBPK model for pyrethroids based on our previously published rat model that was developed with in vivo rat data. The results demonstrated that the age-related differences in internal exposure to pyrethroids in the brain are largely determined by the differences in metabolic capacity and in physiology for pyrethroids between children and adults. The most important conclusion from our research is that, given an identical external exposure, the internal (target tissue) concentration is equal or lower in children than in adults in response to the same level of exposure to a pyrethroid. Our results show that, based on the use of the life-stage PBPK models with 8 pyrethroids, DDEF values are essentially close to 1, resulting in a DDEF for age-related pharmacokinetic differences of 1. For risk assessment purposes, this indicates that no additional adjustment factor is necessary to account for age-related pharmacokinetic differences for these pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gina Song
- ScitoVation, LLC, Durham, North Carolina 27713
| | | | | | - Moire R Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, California 95648
| | | | - Ronald N Hines
- US EPA, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | | | - Brian G Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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25
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Hedges L, Brown S, MacLeod AK, Moreau M, Yoon M, Creek MR, Osimitz TG, Lake BG. Metabolism of bifenthrin, β-cyfluthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin and esfenvalerate by rat and human cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase enzymes. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1434-1442. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1795745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hedges
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | - Susan Brown
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | | | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Moire R. Creek
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Lincoln, CA, USA
| | | | - Brian G. Lake
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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26
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Bossou YM, Côté J, Mantha M, Haddad S, Achard S, Bouchard M. Impact of pesticide coexposure: an experimental study with binary mixtures of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and captan and its impact on the toxicokinetics of LCT biomarkers of exposure. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3045-3058. [PMID: 32577784 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02810-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed at gaining more insights into the impact of pesticide coexposure on the toxicokinetics of biomarkers of exposure. This was done by conducting an in vivo experimental case-study with binary mixtures of lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) and captan and by assessing its impact on the kinetic profiles of LCT biomarkers of exposure. Groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed orally by gavage to LCT alone (2.5 or 12.5 mg/kg bw) or to a binary mixture of LCT and captan (2.5/2.5 or 2.5/12.5 or 12.5/12.5 mg/kg bw). In order to establish the temporal profiles of the main metabolites of LCT, serial blood samples were taken, and excreta (urine and feces) were collected at predetermined intervals up to 48 h post-dosing. Major LCT metabolites were quantified in these matrices: 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-enyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylic (CFMP), 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 4-hydroxy-3-phenoxybenzoic acid (4-OH3PBA). There was no clear effect of coexposure at the low LCT dose on the kinetics of CFMP and 3-PBA metabolites, based on the combined assessment of temporal profiles of these metabolites in plasma, urine and feces; however, plasma levels of 3-PBA were diminished in the coexposed high-dose groups. A significant effect of coexposure on the urinary excretion of 4-OH3PBA was also observed while fecal excretion was not affected. The temporal profiles of metabolites in plasma and in excreta were further influenced by the LCT dose. In addition, the study revealed kinetic differences between metabolites with a faster elimination of 3-PBA and 4-OH3BPA compared to CFMP. These results suggest that the pyrethroid metabolites CFMP and 3-PBA, mostly measured in biomonitoring studies, remain useful as biomarkers of exposure in mixtures, when pesticide exposure levels are below the reference values. However, the trend of coexposure effect observed in the benzyl metabolite pathway (in particular 4-OH3BPA) prompts further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yélian Marc Bossou
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc Mantha
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sami Haddad
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sophie Achard
- Faculty of Health - Pharmacy, HERA Team (Health Environment Risk Assessment), INSERM UMR1153-CRESS (Research Center in Epidemiology and StatisticS), University of Paris, 4 Avenue de l Observatoire, 75006, Paris, France
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and Public Health Research Center (CReSP), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry BuildingMain Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QC, U424H3C 3J7, Canada.
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27
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CYP2C19 gene polymorphisms among Moroccan patients with breast cancer disease: A case-control study. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Wang W, Niu J, Yang Z. An efficient reduction of unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups by nascent hydrogen over Raney Ni catalyst. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 389:121912. [PMID: 31874759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Presence of unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups is the most common characteristic of toxic and harmful environmental pollutants. Herein, catalytic hydrogenation was chosen as a water quality control method for such contaminants. Considering the safety, availability and activity of the hydrogen source, electrochemical in situ hydrogen generation was introduced. Under the combined action of Raney Ni (R-Ni) and nascent hydrogen (Nas-H2), three compounds (50 mg L-1, 90 ml), i.e., acrylamide, 2, 6-dibromo-4-nitrophenol and 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzonitrile achieved complete hydrogenation reduction in a short time. The improved system realized the quantitative consumption of hydrogen source and the efficient operation of hydrogenation reaction under mild conditions. Additionally, the alkaline environment formed by hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) avoided secondary pollution caused by catalyst dissolution. Atomic hydrogen (H·) produced from R-Ni and Nas-H2 was the active free radical of the reaction. The hydrogenation activities of different functional groups were obtained according to the following order: Ph-NO2 > -C = C- > Ph-C≡N > Ph-Br > Ph-Cl > Ph-F. This work indicates that the catalytic hydrogenation system consisting of R-Ni and Nas-H2 is a promising technology to reduce unsaturated bonds and halogen-containing groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China; Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China
| | - Junfeng Niu
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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29
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Pang J, Mortuza T, White CA, Muralidhara S, Cummings BS, Bruckner JV. Toxicokinetics of cis- and trans-Permethrin: Influence of Isomer, Maturation, and Sex. Toxicol Sci 2019; 174:25-37. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Permethrin exposure of children and adults is widespread in many populations, but knowledge of its relative toxicokinetics (TK) and health risks in immature age groups is lacking. Studies were conducted in rats to determine the influence of immaturity and sex (on plasma and target organ dosimetry of each of the insecticide’s 2 isomers, cis- and trans-permethrin [CIS and TRANS]). Postnatal day 15, 21, and 90 (adult), Sprague Dawley rats were orally administered a graduated series of doses of CIS and TRANS in corn oil. Serial sacrifices were conducted over 24 h to obtain plasma, brain, liver, skeletal muscle, and fat profiles of CIS and TRANS. Levels of TRANS decreased relatively rapidly, despite administration of relatively high doses. Concentrations of each isomer in plasma, brain, and other tissues monitored were inversely proportional to the animals’ age. The youngest pups exhibited 4-fold higher plasma and brain area under the curves than did adults. Little difference was observed in the TK of CIS or TRANS between adult male and female rats, other than higher initial plasma and liver CIS levels in females. Elevated exposure of the immature brain appears to be instrumental in increased susceptibility to the acute neurotoxicity of high-dose permethrin (Cantalamessa [1993]), but it remains to be established whether age-dependent TK is relevant to long-term, low-level risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Tanzir Mortuza
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Catherine A White
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Srinavasa Muralidhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - James V Bruckner
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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Personne S, Marcelo P, Pilard S, Baltora-Rosset S, Corona A, Robidel F, Lecomte A, Brochot C, Bach V, Zeman F. Determination of maternal and foetal distribution of cis- and trans-permethrin isomers and their metabolites in pregnant rats by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:8043-8052. [PMID: 31748895 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We developed a method to quantify cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin and their metabolites in several biological matrices in pregnant rats and foetuses using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The objective was to quantify cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin in faeces, kidney, mammary gland, fat and placenta in mothers and in both maternal and foetal blood, brain and liver. The metabolites cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid (cis-DCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-(1-cyclopropane) carboxylic acid (trans-DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) were measured in blood, liver and urine. Sample preparation was performed by liquid-liquid extraction. A purification step was not carried out except for the more complex biological samples (fat, mammary glands and faeces). Validation parameters including specificity, linearity, matrix effect, limits of quantification (LOQs), accuracy and precision were evaluated. The recoveries of target compounds ranged from 47 to 136%. LOQs were in the range 4 to 80 ng/mL for permethrin isomers and 4 to 800 ng/mL for their respective metabolites. Intra- and inter-batch precision and accuracy in matrix were better than 15%. The validated method was applied in a preliminary toxicokinetic study in pregnant rats with oral dosing of 50 mg/kg permethrin. In pregnant rats, permethrin isomers and their metabolites were quantified in all requested matrices except maternal liver and blood for trans-permethrin and cis-DCCA respectively. In foetuses, cis- and trans-permethrin were also quantified, demonstrating that the method is suitable for the analysis of foetal distribution of permethrin in toxicokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Personne
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Paulo Marcelo
- Plateforme ICAP, ICP FR CNRS 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80054, Amiens, France
| | - Serge Pilard
- Plateforme analytique, ICP FR CNRS 3085, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, 80039, Amiens, France
| | | | - Aurélie Corona
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Franck Robidel
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Toxicologie Expérimentale (TOXI), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Anthony Lecomte
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Toxicologie Expérimentale (TOXI), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PériTox, UMR_I 01, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, Présidence UPJV, chemin du Thil, 80025, Amiens, France
| | - Florence Zeman
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France.
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31
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He K, Tang Q, Gong M, Yang S, Chen X, Zhu H, Liu D, Huang B. A transcriptomic study of selenium against liver injury induced by beta-cypermethrin in mice by RNA-seq. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 20:343-353. [DOI: 10.1007/s10142-019-00719-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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32
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Targeting ERK/COX-2 signaling pathway in permethrin-induced testicular toxicity: a possible modulating effect of matrine. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:247-259. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Martínez MA, Rodríguez JL, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez M, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A, Ares I. Oxidative stress and related gene expression effects of cyfluthrin in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: Protective effect of melatonin. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 177:108579. [PMID: 31330490 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to assess oxidative stress induction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in response to cyfluthrin exposure. Cell viability MTT assay was carried out to assess cyfluthrin cytotoxicity; IC30 and IC50 values for cyfluthrin were calculated to be 4.81 ± 0.92 μM and 19.39 ± 3.44 μM, respectively. Cyfluthrin induced a significant increase in ROS generation, lipid peroxides measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) production and a significant decrease in NQO1 activity. The antioxidant activity of melatonin (MEL), Trolox, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Sylibin against cyfluthrin-induced oxidative stress was examined. Cyfluthrin increased significantly gene expressions of apoptosis, proinflammation and oxidative stress (Bax, Bcl-2, Casp-3, BNIP3, AKT1, p53, APAF1, NFκB1, TNFα and Nrf2) mediators. In the most genes, the mRNA levels induced by cyfluthrin were partially reduced by MEL (1 μM). Cyfluthrin effects on gene expression profiling of oxidative stress pathway by Real-Time PCR array analysis showed that of the 84 genes examined, (fold change > 1.5) changes in mRNA levels were detected in 31 genes: 13 upregulated and 18 down-regulated. A fold change >3.0 fold was observed on upregulated CYBB, DUOX1, DUOX2, AOX1, BNIP3, HSPA1A, NOS2, and NQO1 genes. The greater fold change reversion (2.5 fold) by MEL (1 μM) was observed on cyfluthrin-upregulated CYBB, AOX1, BNIP3 and NOS2 genes. These results demonstrated that oxidative stress is a key element in cyfluthrin induced neurotoxicity as well as MEL may play a role in reducing cyfluthrin-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Jeong D, Kang JS, Kim KM, Baek SH, Choe S, Pyo J. Simultaneous determination of pyrethroids and their metabolites in human plasma using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2019; 302:109846. [DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Sethi P, Bruckner JV, Mortuza TB, Cummings BS, Muralidhara S, White CA. Plasma Protein and Lipoprotein Binding ofCis- andTrans-Permethrin and Deltamethrin in Adult Humans and Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:941-948. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.085464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
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Quindroit P, Beaudouin R, Brochot C. Estimating the cumulative human exposures to pyrethroids by combined multi-route PBPK models: Application to the French population. Toxicol Lett 2019; 312:125-138. [PMID: 31077771 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Human biomarkers of exposure to pyrethroid insecticides are usually urinary concentrations of metabolites that can be specific to a pyrethroid or common to several compounds. We developed a global toxicokinetic model that links the external exposure to four widely-used pyrethroids and their isomers (deltamethrin and cis and trans isomers of permethrin, cypermethrin, and cyfluthrin) to the urinary concentrations of metabolites (cis- and trans-DCCA, 3-PBA, F-PBA and DBCA). This global model includes physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for each parent compound and one-compartment models for the metabolites. Existing in vivo, in vitro and in silico data were used for model calibration, and human toxicokinetic data for model evaluation. Overall, the global model reproduced the data accurately as about 90% of predictions were inside the 3-fold error interval. A sensitivity analysis showed that the most influent parameter for each urinary metabolite concentration was the fraction of parent compound that is transformed into that metabolite. The global model was then tested with realistic exposures for the French population: the predictions were consistent with biomonitoring data. The global model is a tool that will improve the interpretation of biomonitoring data for pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Quindroit
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Rémy Beaudouin
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France
| | - Céline Brochot
- Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l'Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550, Verneuil en Halatte, France.
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37
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Overexpression of cerebral cytochrome P450s in prenatally exposed offspring modify the toxicity of lindane in rechallenged offspring. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 371:20-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Yang JS, Qi W, Farias-Pereira R, Choi S, Clark JM, Kim D, Park Y. Permethrin and ivermectin modulate lipid metabolism in steatosis-induced HepG2 hepatocyte. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:595-604. [PMID: 30738135 PMCID: PMC6527113 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have reported the positive association between exposure to insecticides and increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes, which are closely associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is not known if insecticide exposure can contribute to NAFLD. Thus, the goal of the current study was to determine if insecticide exposures can exacerbate the physiological conditions of NAFLD by modulating hepatic lipid metabolism. The effects of 12 insecticides on triglycerides (TG) accumulation were tested using palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 hepatoma steatosis model. Results showed that among tested insecticides, permethrin and ivermectin significant interacted with palmitic acid to potentiate (permethrin) or decrease (ivermectin) TG accumulation. Further study showed that permethrin significantly promoted fatty acid synthesis, while suppressed lipid oxidation-related genes only under steatosis conditions. In comparison, ivermectin inhibited lipogenesis-related genes and promoted farnesoid X receptor, which upregulates fatty acid oxidation. Results in this study suggested that hepatic lipid metabolism may be more susceptible to insecticide exposure in the presence of excessive fatty acids, which can be associated with the development of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Yang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | | | - Stephanie Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - John M Clark
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA.
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Simultaneous Determination of Pyrethroid, Organophosphate and Carbamate Metabolites in Human Urine by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9050879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid, sensitive, and reliable method for simultaneous determination of the urinary metabolites of common insecticides in a single analytical run using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS). Thirteen metabolites, one originating from carbamate, six from organophosphates, and seven from pyrethroids, were selected for method validation. Samples at different concentrations (0.5–15 µg/L) were prepared by mixing working solutions containing the analytes with blank urine. After acid hydrolysis for 45 min at 90 °C, samples were processed with liquid–liquid extraction and derivatization by N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide (MTBSTFA) before analysis on GCMS. The limits of detection for all thirteen analytes were below 0.1 µg/L. The recovery rates, evaluated at two concentrations (1, 10 µg/L), were found to be 90.48%, on average. The precision of multiple analyses at three different concentrations (0.5, 5, 15 µg/L) within one day or between 10 days was evaluated, and the resultant relative standard deviations were 8.1% or under. We also applied this method to analyze genuine urine samples collected from 30 human subjects, and successfully detected all the metabolites, with detection frequencies more than 50% for pyrethroid metabolites. In summary, this method is not only as good as others in performance, but is advantageous in terms of cost effectiveness and multiplicity of analytes.
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40
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Song G, Moreau M, Efremenko A, Lake BG, Wu H, Bruckner JV, White CA, Osimitz TG, Creek MR, Hinderliter PM, Clewell HJ, Yoon M. Evaluation of Age-Related Pyrethroid Pharmacokinetic Differences in Rats: Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Model Development Using In Vitro Data and In Vitro to In Vivo Extrapolation. Toxicol Sci 2019; 169:365-379. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Song
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Marjory Moreau
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Alina Efremenko
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
| | - Brian G Lake
- Centre for Toxicology, University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
| | - Huali Wu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
- Duke Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705
| | | | | | | | - Moire R Creek
- Valent USA, LLC, Walnut Creek, California 94596
- Moire Creek Toxicology Consulting Services, Livermore, California 94550
| | | | - Harvey J Clewell
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
- Ramboll, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- ScitoVation, LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709
- ToxStrategies, Cary, North Carolina 27511
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41
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Shin N, Cuenca L, Karthikraj R, Kannan K, Colaiácovo MP. Assessing effects of germline exposure to environmental toxicants by high-throughput screening in C. elegans. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007975. [PMID: 30763314 PMCID: PMC6375566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemicals that are highly prevalent in our environment, such as phthalates and pesticides, have been linked to problems associated with reproductive health. However, rapid assessment of their impact on reproductive health and understanding how they cause such deleterious effects, remain challenging due to their fast-growing numbers and the limitations of various current toxicity assessment model systems. Here, we performed a high-throughput screen in C. elegans to identify chemicals inducing aneuploidy as a result of impaired germline function. We screened 46 chemicals that are widely present in our environment, but for which effects in the germline remain poorly understood. These included pesticides, phthalates, and chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing and crude oil processing. Of the 46 chemicals tested, 41% exhibited levels of aneuploidy higher than those detected for bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disruptor shown to affect meiosis, at concentrations correlating well with mammalian reproductive endpoints. We further examined three candidates eliciting aneuploidy: dibutyl phthalate (DBP), a likely endocrine disruptor and frequently used plasticizer, and the pesticides 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB) and permethrin. Exposure to these chemicals resulted in increased embryonic lethality, elevated DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, activation of p53/CEP-1-dependent germ cell apoptosis, chromosomal abnormalities in oocytes at diakinesis, impaired chromosome segregation during early embryogenesis, and germline-specific alterations in gene expression. This study indicates that this high-throughput screening system is highly reliable for the identification of environmental chemicals inducing aneuploidy, and provides new insights into the impact of exposure to three widely used chemicals on meiosis and germline function. The ever-increasing number of new chemicals introduced into our environment poses a significant problem for risk assessment. In addition, assessing the direct impact of toxicants on human meiosis remains challenging. We successfully utilized a high-throughput platform in the nematode C. elegans, a genetically tractable model organism which shares a high degree of gene conservation with humans, to identify chemicals that affect the germline leading to aneuploidy. We assessed chemicals that are highly prevalent in the environment in worms carrying a fluorescent reporter construct allowing for the identification of X chromosome nondisjunction combined with a mutation increasing cuticle permeability for analysis of low doses of exposure. Follow up analysis of three chemicals: DBP, permethrin and TCMTB, further validated the use of this strategy. Exposure to these chemicals resulted in elevated levels of DNA double-strand breaks, activation of a DNA damage checkpoint, chromosome morphology defects in late meiotic prophase I as well as impaired early embryogenesis and germline-specific changes in gene expression. Our results support the use of this high-throughput screening system to identify environmental chemicals inducing aneuploidy, and provide new insights into the effects of exposure to DBP, permethrin, and TCMTB on meiosis and germline function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Shin
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Luciann Cuenca
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Rajendiran Karthikraj
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Kurunthachalam Kannan
- Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Empire State Plaza, Albany, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
| | - Monica P. Colaiácovo
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mortuza T, Chen C, White CA, Cummings BS, Muralidhara S, Gullick D, Bruckner JV. Toxicokinetics of Deltamethrin: Dosage Dependency, Vehicle Effects, and Low-Dose Age-Equivalent Dosimetry in Rats. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:327-336. [PMID: 29165640 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing concern that infants and children may be at increased risk of neurological effects of pyrethroids, the most widely used class of insecticide. The objectives of this investigation were to (1) characterize the dose-dependent toxicokinetics (TK) of deltamethrin (DLM) for exposures ranging from environmentally relevant to acutely toxic; (2) determine the influence of an aqueous versus oil vehicle on oral absorption and bioavailability; and (3) determine whether DLM exhibits low-dose, age-equivalent internal dosimetry. Serial arterial plasma samples were obtained for 72 h from adult, male Sprague Dawley rats given 0.05-5.0 mg DLM/kg as an oral bolus in corn oil (CO). DLM exhibited linear, absorption rate-limited TK. Increases in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and AUC∘∞ were directly proportional to the dose. Oral bioavailability was quite limited. The vehicle and its volume had modest effect on the rate and extent of systemic absorption in adult rats. Postnatal day (PND) 15, 21, and 90 (adult) rats received 0.10, 0.25, or 0.50 mg DLM/kg orally in CO and were sacrificed periodically for plasma, brain, and liver collection. Age-dependent differences between PND 15 and 90 plasma Cmax and AUC∘24 values progressively diminished as the dose decreased, but there was a lack of low dose age equivalence in these brain and liver dosimeters. Other maturational factors may account for the lack of the low-dose age equivalence in brain and liver. This investigation provides support for the premise that the relatively low metabolic capacity of immature subjects may be adequate to effectively eliminate trace amounts of DLM and other pyrethroids from the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanzir Mortuza
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - Catherine A White
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - Brian S Cummings
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - Srinivasa Muralidhara
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - Darren Gullick
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
| | - James V Bruckner
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2354
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43
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Mortuza TB, Edwards GL, White CA, Patel V, Cummings BS, Bruckner JV. Age Dependency of Blood-Brain Barrier Penetration by cis- and trans-Permethrin in the Rat. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:234-237. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.084822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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44
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Côté J, Bouchard M. Dose reconstruction in workers exposed to two major pyrethroid pesticides and determination of biological reference values using a toxicokinetic model. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2018; 28:599-614. [PMID: 29284785 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-017-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A toxicokinetic model has been optimized to describe the time profiles of common biomarkers of exposure to permethrin and cypermethrin: trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acids (trans-DCCA) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA). The model then served to reproduce urinary time courses in exposed agricultural workers and predict corresponding absorbed doses. It allowed for the prediction of the main routes of exposure in workers during the study period. Modeling showed that simulating exposure mostly by the oral route, during the 3-day biomonitoring period, provided best-fits to the urinary time courses of most workers. This is compatible with an inadvertent oral exposure during work. According to best-fit scenarios, absorbed doses in workers reconstructed with the model reached a maximum of 2.4 µg/kg bw/day and were below the absorbed dose limits associated with an exposure to the reference dose values established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (0.06 and 0.25 mg/kg bw/day for cypermethrin and permethrin, respectively) and the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level set by the European Commission (0.06 mg/kg bw/day for cypermethrin). Modeling was further used to derive biological reference values for cypermethrin and permethrin exposure. Respective values of 7 and 29 nmol/kg bw/day of trans-DCCA, and 3 and 13 nmol/kg bw/day of 3-PBA were obtained. None of the workers presented values above these biological reference values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Côté
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QB, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michèle Bouchard
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Chair in Toxicological Risk Assessment and Management, and University of Montreal Public Health Research Institute (IRSPUM), University of Montreal, Roger-Gaudry Building, U424, Main Station, P.O. Box 6128, Montreal, QB, H3C 3J7, Canada.
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The pyrethroid insecticides permethrin and esfenvalerate do not disrupt testicular steroidogenesis in the rat fetus. Toxicology 2018; 410:116-124. [PMID: 30243954 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of maternal exposure to the widely used pyrethroid insecticides, permethrin and esfenvalerate, on fetal testicular steroidogenesis. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were administered permethrin at doses of 1, 10, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day, or esfenvalerate at 0.1, 1, 7.5 or 15 mg/kg/day, by gavage, from gestation day (GD) 13 to 19. Testicular testosterone production and the expression of several key genes necessary for cholesterol and androgen synthesis and transport were assessed in GD 19 male fetuses. Dams treated with 100 mg/kg/day of permethrin or 15 mg/kg/day of esfenvalerate showed clinical signs of neurotoxicity. The highest dose of esfenvalerate also resulted in reduced maternal body weight gain throughout the treatment period. In the fetal testes, mRNA expressions of HMG-CoA synthase and reductase, SR-B1, StAR, P450scc, 3βHSD, P450 17A1, and 17βHSD were not affected by exposure to either pyrethroid. No significant change was observed in ex vivo testosterone production. In conclusion, in utero exposure to permethrin or esfenvalerate has no effect on the testosterone biosynthesis pathway in the fetal rat testis up to maternal toxic doses.
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Kinetic time courses of lambda-cyhalothrin metabolites after dermal application of Matador EC 120 in volunteers. Toxicol Lett 2018; 296:132-138. [PMID: 30120931 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A controlled kinetic study was conducted in volunteers dermally exposed to the widely used lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid pesticide to document the time courses of relevant biomarkers of exposure, in order to better assess biomonitoring data in workers. Matador® EC120 formulation (120 g/l) was applied on 40 cm2 of the forearm at a 0.25 mg/kg dose of lambda-cyhalothrin and left without occlusion or washing for 6 h. The application site was then washed thoroughly with soap and water. The kinetic time courses of cis-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CFMP) and 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) metabolites were determined in plasma and urine up to 84 h post-application. Results show that the fraction of lambda-cyhalothrin absorbed in the body was rapidly cleared following dermal contact. According to CFMP and 3-PBA plasma profiles, calculated mean apparent absorption half-lives (t1/2) were 3 and 7.3 h, respectively, and corresponding mean apparent elimination t1/2 were 11.2 and 7.6 h. These differences suggest some metabolism at the site-of-entry and storage of metabolites by the dermal route. Toxicokinetic parameters calculated from urinary profiles confirm the values of absorption and elimination rates. Metabolites were almost completely excreted over the 84-h period post-application and, on average, 0.12 and 0.08% of the applied lambda-cyhalothrin dose was recovered in the urine as CFMP and 3-PBA, respectively, indicating a low dermal absorption fraction of this pyrethroid. This study showed the potential use of CFMP and 3-PBA biomarkers for the assessment of dermal exposure to lambda-cyhalothrin pyrethroid.
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Martínez MA, Ares I, Rodríguez JL, Martínez M, Roura-Martínez D, Castellano V, Lopez-Torres B, Martínez-Larrañaga MR, Anadón A. Pyrethroid insecticide lambda-cyhalothrin induces hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes, oxidative stress and apoptosis in rats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 631-632:1371-1382. [PMID: 29727961 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to examine in rats the effects of the Type II pyrethroid lambda-cyhalothrin on hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform activities, oxidative stress markers, gene expression of proinflammatory, oxidative stress and apoptosis mediators, and CYP isoform gene expression and metabolism phase I enzyme PCR array analysis. Lambda-cyhalothrin, at oral doses of 1, 2, 4 and 8mg/kg bw for 6days, increased, in a dose-dependent manner, hepatic activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (CYP1A1), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (CYP1A2), pentoxyresorufin O-depentylase (CYP2B1/2), testosterone 7α- (CYP2A1), 16β- (CYP2B1), and 6β-hydroxylase (CYP3A1/2), and lauric acid 11- and 12-hydroxylase (CYP4A1/2). Similarly, lambda-cyhalothrin (4 and 8mg/kg bw, for 6days), in a dose-dependent manner, increased significantly hepatic CYP1A1, 1A2, 2A1, 2B1, 2B2, 2E1, 3A1, 3A2 and 4A1 mRNA levels and IL-1β, NFκB, Nrf2, p53, caspase-3 and Bax gene expressions. PCR array analysis showed from 84 genes examined (P<0.05; fold change>1.5), changes in mRNA levels in 18 genes: 13 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated. A greater fold change reversion than 3-fold was observed on the up-regulated ALDH1A1, CYP2B2, CYP2C80 and CYP2D4 genes. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) groups the expressed genes into biological mechanisms that are mainly related to drug metabolism. In the top canonical pathways, Oxidative ethanol degradation III together with Fatty Acid α-oxidation may be significant pathways for lambda-cyhalothrin. Our results may provide further understanding of molecular aspects involved in lambda-cyhalothrin-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- María-Aránzazu Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Irma Ares
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Rodríguez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Roura-Martínez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Castellano
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bernardo Lopez-Torres
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Rosa Martínez-Larrañaga
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Arturo Anadón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Darney K, Bodin L, Bouchard M, Côté J, Volatier JL, Desvignes V. Aggregate exposure of the adult French population to pyrethroids. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 351:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 05/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Williams MT, Gutierrez A, Vorhees CV. Effects of Acute Exposure of Permethrin in Adult and Developing Sprague-Dawley Rats on Acoustic Startle Response and Brain and Plasma Concentrations. Toxicol Sci 2018; 165:361-371. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfy142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Arnold Gutierrez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Charles V Vorhees
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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50
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Hedges L, Brown S, MacLeod AK, Vardy A, Doyle E, Song G, Moreau M, Yoon M, Osimitz TG, Lake BG. Metabolism of deltamethrin and cis- and trans-permethrin by human expressed cytochrome P450 and carboxylesterase enzymes. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:521-527. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1474283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Hedges
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | - Susan Brown
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | | | - Audrey Vardy
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | - Edward Doyle
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
| | - Gina Song
- ScitoVation LLC Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Miyoung Yoon
- ToxStrategies LLC Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Brian G. Lake
- Concept Life Sciences (formerly CXR Biosciences Ltd.), Dundee, UK
- Centre for Toxicology University of Surrey, Surrey, UK
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