1
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Volpe DA. Knockout Transporter Cell Lines to Assess Substrate Potential Towards Efflux Transporters. AAPS J 2024; 26:79. [PMID: 38981917 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00950-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance transporter 2 (MRP2) are efflux transporters involved in the absorption, excretion, and distribution of drugs. Bidirectional cell assays are recognized models for evaluating the potential of new drugs as substrates or inhibitors of efflux transporters. However, the assays are complicated by a lack of selective substrates and/or inhibitors, as well simultaneous expression of several efflux transporters in cell lines used in efflux models. This project aims to evaluate an in vitro efflux cell assay employing model substrates and inhibitors of P-gp, BCRP and MRP2 with knockout (KO) cell lines. The efflux ratios (ER) of P-gp (digoxin, paclitaxel), BCRP (prazosin, rosuvastatin), MRP2 (etoposide, olmesartan) and mixed (methotrexate, mitoxantrone) substrates were determined in wild-type C2BBe1 and KO cells. For digoxin and paclitaxel, the ER decreased to less than 2 in the cell lines lacking P-gp expression. The ER decreased to less than 3 for prazosin and less than 2 for rosuvastatin in the cell lines lacking BCRP expression. For etoposide and olmesartan, the ER decreased to less than 2 in the cell lines lacking MRP2 expression. The ER of methotrexate and mitoxantrone decreased in single- and double-KO cells without BCRP and MRP2 expression. These results show that KO cell lines have the potential to better interpret complex drug-transporter interactions without depending upon multi-targeted inhibitors or overlapping substrates. For drugs that are substrates of multiple transporters, the single- and double-KO cells may be used to assess their affinities for the different transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna A Volpe
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave., Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993-0002, USA.
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2
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Tian Y, Shehata MA, Gauger SJ, Ng CKL, Solbak S, Thiesen L, Bruus-Jensen J, Krall J, Bundgaard C, Gibson KM, Wellendorph P, Frølund B. Discovery and Optimization of 5-Hydroxy-Diclofenac toward a New Class of Ligands with Nanomolar Affinity for the CaMKIIα Hub Domain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:6656-6676. [PMID: 35500061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II α (CaMKIIα) is a brain-relevant kinase involved in long-term potentiation and synaptic plasticity. We have recently pinpointed the CaMKIIα hub domain as the long-sought-after high-affinity target of γ-hydroxybutyrate ligands substantiated with a high-resolution cocrystal of 5-hydroxydiclofenac (3). Herein, we employed in silico approaches to rationalize and guide the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of a new series of analogues circumventing chemical stability problems associated with 3. The oxygen-bridged analogue 4d showed mid-nanomolar affinity and notable ligand-induced stabilization effects toward the CaMKIIα hub oligomer. Importantly, 4d displayed superior chemical and metabolic stability over 3 by showing excellent chemical stability in phosphate-buffered saline and high resistance to form reactive intermediates and subsequent sulfur conjugates. Altogether, our study highlights 4d as a new CaMKIIα hub high-affinity ligand with enhanced pharmacokinetic properties, representing a powerful tool compound for allosteric regulation of kinase activity with subtype specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsong Tian
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohamed A Shehata
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine Juul Gauger
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Clarissa K L Ng
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Solbak
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Thiesen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bruus-Jensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jacob Krall
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - K Michael Gibson
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, Spokane, Washington 99202, United States
| | - Petrine Wellendorph
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Frølund
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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3
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Jala A, Ponneganti S, Vishnubhatla DS, Bhuvanam G, Mekala PR, Varghese B, Radhakrishnanand P, Adela R, Murty US, Borkar RM. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions: advancement in models, analytical tools, and regulatory perspective. Drug Metab Rev 2021; 53:285-320. [PMID: 33980079 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2021.1928687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters are a serious clinical concern hence a tremendous amount of work has been done on the characterization of the transporter-mediated proteins in humans and animals. The underlying mechanism for the transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction is the induction or inhibition of the transporter which is involved in the cellular uptake and efflux of drugs. Transporter of the brain, liver, kidney, and intestine are major determinants that alter the absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion profile of drugs, and considerably influence the pharmacokinetic profile of drugs. As a consequence, transporter proteins may affect the therapeutic activity and safety of drugs. However, mounting evidence suggests that many drugs change the activity and/or expression of the transporter protein. Accordingly, evaluation of drug interaction during the drug development process is an integral part of risk assessment and regulatory requirements. Therefore, this review will highlight the clinical significance of the transporter, their role in disease, possible cause underlying the drug-drug interactions using analytical tools, and update on the regulatory requirement. The recent in-silico approaches which emphasize the advancement in the discovery of drug-drug interactions are also highlighted in this review. Besides, we discuss several endogenous biomarkers that have shown to act as substrates for many transporters, which could be potent determinants to find the drug-drug interactions mediated by transporters. Transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions are taken into consideration in the drug approval process therefore we also provided the extrapolated decision trees from in-vitro to in-vivo, which may trigger the follow-up to clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Jala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Srikanth Ponneganti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Devi Swetha Vishnubhatla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Gayathri Bhuvanam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Prithvi Raju Mekala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Bincy Varghese
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Pullapanthula Radhakrishnanand
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
| | | | - Roshan M Borkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati, India
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4
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Drug-drug-gene interactions as mediators of adverse drug reactions to diclofenac and statins: a case report and literature review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 72:114-128. [PMID: 34187111 PMCID: PMC8265195 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2021-72-3549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant treatment with drugs that inhibit drug metabolising enzymes and/or transporters, such as commonly prescribed statins and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), has been associated with prolonged drug exposure and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) due to drug-drug interactions. The risk is further increased in patients with chronic diseases/comorbidities who are more susceptible because of their genetic setup or external factors. In that light, we present a case of a 46-year-old woman who had been experiencing acute renal and hepatic injury and myalgia over two years of concomitant treatment with diclofenac, atorvastatin, simvastatin/fenofibrate, and several other drugs, including pantoprazole and furosemide. Our pharmacogenomic findings supported the suspicion that ADRs, most notably the multi-organ toxicity experienced by our patient, may be owed to drug-drug-gene interactions and increased bioavailability of the prescribed drugs due to slower detoxification capacity and decreased hepatic and renal elimination. We also discuss the importance of CYP polymorphisms in the biotransformation of endogenous substrates such as arachidonic acid and their modulating role in pathophysiological processes. Yet even though the risks of ADRs related to the above mentioned drugs are substantially evidenced in literature, pre-emptive pharmacogenetic analysis has not yet found its way into common clinical practice.
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5
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Leuenberger M, Häusler S, Höhn V, Euler A, Stieger B, Lochner M. Characterization of Novel Fluorescent Bile Salt Derivatives for Studying Human Bile Salt and Organic Anion Transporters. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:346-357. [PMID: 33782042 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile salts, such as cholate, glycocholate, taurocholate, and glycochenodeoxycholate, are taken up from the portal blood into hepatocytes via transporters, such as the Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) and organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs). These bile salts are later secreted into bile across the canalicular membrane, which is facilitated by the bile salt export pump (BSEP). Apart from bile salt transport, some of these proteins (e.g., OATPs) are also key transporters for drug uptake into hepatocytes. In vivo studies of transporter function in patients by using tracer compounds have emerged as an important diagnostic tool to complement classic liver parameter measurements by determining dynamic liver function both for diagnosis and monitoring progression or improvement of liver diseases. Such approaches include use of radioactively labeled bile salts (e.g., for positron emission tomography) and fluorescent bile salt derivatives or dyes (e.g., indocyanine green). To expand the list of liver function markers, we synthesized fluorescent derivatives of cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid by conjugating small organic dyes to the bile acid side chain. These novel fluorescent probes were able to block substrate transport in a concentration-dependent manner of NTCP, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1, BSEP, and intestinal apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter (ASBT). Whereas the fluorescent bile acid derivatives themselves were transported across the membrane by OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP2B1, they were not transport substrates for NTCP, ASBT, BSEP, and multidrug resistance-related protein 2. Accordingly, these novel fluorescent bile acid probes can potentially be used as imaging agents to monitor the function of OATPs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Synthetic modification of common bile acids by attachment of small organic fluorescent dyes to the bile acid side chain resulted in bright, fluorescent probes that interact with hepatic and intestinal organic anion [organic anion-transporting polypeptide (OATP) 1B1, OATP1B3, OATP2B1], bile salt uptake (Na+-taurocholate-cotransporting polypeptide, apical sodium-dependent bile salt transporter), and bile salt efflux (bile salt export pump, multidrug resistance-related protein 2) transporters. Although the fluorescent bile salt derivatives are taken up into cells via the OATPs, the efflux transporters do not transport any of them but one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Leuenberger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Stephanie Häusler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Vera Höhn
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Adriana Euler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Bruno Stieger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
| | - Martin Lochner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., M.Lo.); Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland (S.H., V.H., A.E., B.S.); and Swiss National Center of Competence in Research, NCCR TransCure, Bern, Switzerland (M.Le., S.H., A.E., B.S., M.Lo.)
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6
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Role of the Abcg2 transporter in plasma levels and tissue accumulation of the anti-inflammatory tolfenamic acid in mice. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109537. [PMID: 34062171 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is an ATP-binding cassette efflux transporter that is expressed in the apical membrane of cells from relevant tissues involved in drug pharmacokinetics such as liver, intestine, kidney, testis, brain and mammary gland, among others. Tolfenamic acid is an anti-inflammatory drug used as an analgesic and antipyretic in humans and animals. Recently, tolfenamic acid has been repurposed as an antitumoral drug and for use in chronic human diseases such as Alzheimer. The aim of this work was to study whether tolfenamic acid is an in vitro Abcg2 substrate, and to investigate the potential role of Abcg2 in plasma exposure, secretion into milk and tissue accumulation of this drug. Using in vitro transepithelial assays with cells transduced with Abcg2, we showed that tolfenamic acid is an in vitro substrate of Abcg2. The in vivo effect of this transporter was tested using wild-type and Abcg2-/- mice, showing that after oral and intravenous administration of tolfenamic acid, its area under the plasma concentration-time curve in Abcg2-/- mice was between 1.7 and 1.8-fold higher compared to wild-type mice. Abcg2-/- mice also showed higher liver and testis accumulation of tolfenamic acid after intravenous administration. In this study, we demonstrate that tolfenamic acid is transported in vitro by Abcg2 and that its plasma levels as well as its tissue distribution are affected by Abcg2, with potential pharmacological and toxicological consequences.
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7
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Wegler C, Matsson P, Krogstad V, Urdzik J, Christensen H, Andersson TB, Artursson P. Influence of Proteome Profiles and Intracellular Drug Exposure on Differences in CYP Activity in Donor-Matched Human Liver Microsomes and Hepatocytes. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1792-1805. [PMID: 33739838 PMCID: PMC8041379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Human liver microsomes (HLM) and human hepatocytes (HH) are important in vitro systems for studies of intrinsic drug clearance (CLint) in the liver. However, the CLint values are often in disagreement for these two systems. Here, we investigated these differences in a side-by-side comparison of drug metabolism in HLM and HH prepared from 15 matched donors. Protein expression and intracellular unbound drug concentration (Kpuu) effects on the CLint were investigated for five prototypical probe substrates (bupropion-CYP2B6, diclofenac-CYP2C9, omeprazole-CYP2C19, bufuralol-CYP2D6, and midazolam-CYP3A4). The samples were donor-matched to compensate for inter-individual variability but still showed systematic differences in CLint. Global proteomics analysis outlined differences in HLM from HH and homogenates of human liver (HL), indicating variable enrichment of ER-localized cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the HLM preparation. This suggests that the HLM may not equally and accurately capture metabolic capacity for all CYPs. Scaling CLint with CYP amounts and Kpuu could only partly explain the discordance in absolute values of CLint for the five substrates. Nevertheless, scaling with CYP amounts improved the agreement in rank order for the majority of the substrates. Other factors, such as contribution of additional enzymes and variability in the proportions of active and inactive CYP enzymes in HLM and HH, may have to be considered to avoid the use of empirical scaling factors for prediction of drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Wegler
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism,
BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pär Matsson
- Department
of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Veronica Krogstad
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jozef Urdzik
- Department
of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hege Christensen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tommy B. Andersson
- DMPK,
Research and Early Development Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism,
BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, 431 50 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Artursson
- Department
of Pharmacy and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
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8
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Development and in vitro characterization of a novel pMDI diclofenac formulation as an inhalable anti-inflammatory therapy for cystic fibrosis. Int J Pharm 2021; 596:120319. [PMID: 33540036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory treatment options for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are currently limited and as such, there is an imperative need to develop new anti-inflammatory agents to reduce the persistent inflammation present within CF lungs. This study explored the potential of Diclofenac (DICLO) as a novel inhaled anti-inflammatory drug for CF treatment. The anti-inflammatory activity of DICLO on an air-liquid interface (ALI) cell culture model of healthy (NuLi-1) and CF (CuFi-1) airways showed a significant reduction in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-6 and IL-8. Therefore, pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) DICLO formulations were developed to allow targeted DICLO delivery to CF airways. As such, two pMDI DICLO formulations with varying ethanol concentrations: 5% (w/w) equating to 150 µg of DICLO per dose (Low dose), and 15% (w/w) equating to 430 µg of DICLO per dose (High dose) were developed and characterized to determine the optimum formulation. The Low dose pMDI DICLO formulation showed a significantly smaller particle diameter with uniform distribution resulting in a greater aerosol performance when compared to High dose formulation. Consequently, the Low dose pMDI DICLO formulation was further evaluated in terms of in vitro transport characteristics and anti-inflammatory activity. Importantly, the DICLO pMDI displayed anti-inflammatory activity in both healthy and CF in vitro models, highlighting the potential of an aerosolized low-dose DICLO formulation as a promising inhaled anti-inflammatory therapy for CF treatment.
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9
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Auxtero MD, Chalante S, Abade MR, Jorge R, Fernandes AI. Potential Herb-Drug Interactions in the Management of Age-Related Cognitive Dysfunction. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:124. [PMID: 33478035 PMCID: PMC7835864 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-life mild cognitive impairment and dementia represent a significant burden on healthcare systems and a unique challenge to medicine due to the currently limited treatment options. Plant phytochemicals have been considered in alternative, or complementary, prevention and treatment strategies. Herbals are consumed as such, or as food supplements, whose consumption has recently increased. However, these products are not exempt from adverse effects and pharmacological interactions, presenting a special risk in aged, polymedicated individuals. Understanding pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions is warranted to avoid undesirable adverse drug reactions, which may result in unwanted side-effects or therapeutic failure. The present study reviews the potential interactions between selected bioactive compounds (170) used by seniors for cognitive enhancement and representative drugs of 10 pharmacotherapeutic classes commonly prescribed to the middle-aged adults, often multimorbid and polymedicated, to anticipate and prevent risks arising from their co-administration. A literature review was conducted to identify mutual targets affected (inhibition/induction/substrate), the frequency of which was taken as a measure of potential interaction. Although a limited number of drugs were studied, from this work, interaction with other drugs affecting the same targets may be anticipated and prevented, constituting a valuable tool for healthcare professionals in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria D. Auxtero
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Susana Chalante
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Mário R. Abade
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
| | - Rui Jorge
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
- Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, School of Agriculture, Quinta do Galinheiro, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- CIEQV, Life Quality Research Centre, IPSantarém/IPLeiria, Avenida Dr. Mário Soares, 110, 2040-413 Rio Maior, Portugal
| | - Ana I. Fernandes
- CiiEM, Interdisciplinary Research Centre Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal; (M.D.A.); (S.C.); (M.R.A.); (R.J.)
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10
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Dogra A, Gour A, Bhatt S, Sharma P, Sharma A, Kotwal P, Wazir P, Mishra P, Singh G, Nandi U. Effect of rutin on pharmacokinetic modulation of diclofenac in rats. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1332-1340. [PMID: 32432967 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1773008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is an extensively used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, but gastrointestinal liabilities and cardiovascular complications take the shine away from such a widely prescribed drug. On the other hand, rutin, a dietary bioflavonoid, has quite a few pharmacological attributes to improve the efficacy and reduce the dose-related toxicities of diclofenac through the intended food-drug/herb-drug interaction. The aim of the present research work was to investigate the role of rutin on pharmacokinetic modulation and the consequent efficacy of diclofenac. At first, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of diclofenac as alone and in the presence of rutin were investigated orally in a rat model. Then, mechanistic studies were performed to explain the effect of rutin on improvement in oral exposure as well as the efficacy of diclofenac using a battery of in-vitro/in-situ/in-vivo studies. Results displayed that rutin enhanced efficacy as well as oral bioavailability of diclofenac in rats. A marked increase in permeability of diclofenac by rutin was displayed that is linked to inhibition of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP) transporters. There was no significant effect of rutin on the modulation of intestinal transit, CYP2C9 inhibition in human liver microsomes, and CYP2C9/CYP2C11 expression in rat liver tissues to boost the oral exposure of diclofenac. Rutin is found to be an inhibitor for BCRP transporters and can act as an oral bioavailability enhancer for a drug like diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Anjna Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pankul Kotwal
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Prashant Mishra
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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11
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Garcia-Lino AM, Blanco-Paniagua E, Astorga-Simon EN, Alvarez-Fernandez L, Garcia-Mateos D, Alvarez-Fernandez I, Alvarez AI, Merino G. Abcg2 transporter affects plasma, milk and tissue levels of meloxicam. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113924. [PMID: 32217099 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABCG2) is an efflux transporter that extrudes xenotoxins from cells in liver, intestine, mammary gland, brain and other organs, affecting the pharmacokinetics, brain accumulation and secretion into milk of several compounds, including antitumoral, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the widely used anti-inflammatory drug meloxicam is an Abcg2 sustrate, and how this transporter affects its systemic distribution. Using polarized ABCG2-transduced cell lines, we found that meloxicam is efficiently transported by murine Abcg2 and human ABCG2. After oral administration of meloxicam, the area under the plasma concentration-time curve in Abcg2-/- mice was 2-fold higher than in wild type mice (146.06 ± 10.57 µg·h/ml versus 73.80 ± 10.00 µg·h/ml). Differences in meloxicam distribution were reported for several tissues after oral and intravenous administration, with a 20-fold higher concentration in the brain of Abcg2-/- after oral administration. Meloxicam secretion into milk was also affected by the transporter, with a 2-fold higher milk-to-plasma ratio in wild-type compared with Abcg2-/- lactating female mice after oral and intravenous administration. We conclude that Abcg2 is an important determinant of the plasma and brain distribution of meloxicam and is clearly involved in its secretion into milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba M Garcia-Lino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Esther Blanco-Paniagua
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Elsa N Astorga-Simon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Laura Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Dafne Garcia-Mateos
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Indira Alvarez-Fernandez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Ana I Alvarez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain
| | - Gracia Merino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences-Physiology, Veterinary Faculty, Instituto de Desarrollo Ganadero y Sanidad Animal (INDEGSAL), Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana, León, Spain.
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12
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Liao M, Jaw-Tsai S, Beltman J, Simmons AD, Harding TC, Xiao JJ. Evaluation of in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion and assessment of drug-drug interaction of rucaparib, an orally potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2020; 50:1032-1042. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2020.1737759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Transporters in the Mammary Gland-Contribution to Presence of Nutrients and Drugs into Milk. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11102372. [PMID: 31590349 PMCID: PMC6836069 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A large number of nutrients and bioactive ingredients found in milk play an important role in the nourishment of breast-fed infants and dairy consumers. Some of these ingredients include physiologically relevant compounds such as vitamins, peptides, neuroactive compounds and hormones. Conversely, milk may contain substances-drugs, pesticides, carcinogens, environmental pollutants-which have undesirable effects on health. The transfer of these compounds into milk is unavoidably linked to the function of transport proteins. Expression of transporters belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC-) and Solute Carrier (SLC-) superfamilies varies with the lactation stages of the mammary gland. In particular, Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides 1A2 (OATP1A2) and 2B1 (OATP2B1), Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1), Novel Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCTN1), Concentrative Nucleoside Transporters 1, 2 and 3 (CNT1, CNT2 and CNT3), Peptide Transporter 2 (PEPT2), Sodium-dependent Vitamin C Transporter 2 (SVCT2), Multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 5 (ABCC5) and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) are highly induced during lactation. This review will focus on these transporters overexpressed during lactation and their role in the transfer of products into the milk, including both beneficial and harmful compounds. Furthermore, additional factors, such as regulation, polymorphisms or drug-drug interactions will be described.
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14
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Scialis RJ, Aleksunes LM, Csanaky IL, Klaassen CD, Manautou JE. Identification and Characterization of Efflux Transporters That Modulate the Subtoxic Disposition of Diclofenac and Its Metabolites. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1080-1092. [PMID: 31399506 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.086603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, in vivo transporter knockout (KO) mouse models were used to characterize the disposition of diclofenac (DCF) and its primary metabolites following a single subtoxic dose in mice lacking breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) or multidrug resistance-associated protein (Mrp)3. The results indicate that Bcrp acts as a canalicular efflux mediator for DCF, as wild-type (WT) mice had biliary excretion values that were 2.2- to 2.6-fold greater than Bcrp KO mice, although DCF plasma levels were not affected. The loss of Bcrp resulted in a 1.8- to 3.2-fold increase of diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DCF-AG) plasma concentrations in KO animals compared with WT mice, while the biliary excretion of DCF-AG increased 1.4-fold in WT versus KO mice. Furthermore, Mrp3 was found to mediate the basolateral transport of DCF-AG, but not DCF or 4'-hydroxy diclofenac. WT mice had DCF-AG plasma concentrations 7.0- to 8.6-fold higher than Mrp3 KO animals; however, there were no changes in biliary excretion of DCF-AG. Vesicular transport experiments with human MRP3 demonstrated that MRP3 is able to transport DCF-AG via low- and high-affinity binding sites. The low-affinity MRP3 transport had a V max and K m of 170 pmol/min/mg and 98.2 µM, respectively, while the high-affinity V max and K m parameters were estimated to be 71.9 pmol/min/mg and 1.78 µM, respectively. In summary, we offer evidence that the disposition of DCF-AG can be affected by both Bcrp and Mrp3, and these findings may be applicable to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Scialis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Lauren M Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - Curtis D Klaassen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
| | - José E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.), Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (L.M.A., I.L.C., C.D.K.) and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City (C.D.K.)
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15
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Sharma A, Gour A, Bhatt S, Rath SK, Malik TA, Dogra A, Sangwan PL, Koul S, Abdullah ST, Singh G, Nandi U. Effect of IS01957, a para-coumaric acid derivative on pharmacokinetic modulation of diclofenac through oral route for augmented efficacy. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:948-957. [PMID: 31318064 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diclofenac is one of the world's largest selling nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The major concerns related to oral diclofenac therapy are gastrointestinal and cardiovascular side effects for which explicitly emphasis has been given to use it at lowest effective dose for the shortest duration. On the other hand, IS01957 has been designed under the purview of anti-inflammatory drug and bioavailability enhancer. IS01957 have dual action on inflammation and nociception with acceptable safety profile. In the quest for a suitable combination with improved therapeutic efficacy and better tolerability, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interaction studies were performed for diclofenac with or without IS01957 in mice model. Results showed that IS01957 enhanced both anti-inflammatory effect and plasma concentration of diclofenac upon concomitant oral administration. These interesting results steered to enumerate the possible role of IS01957 towards diclofenac pharmacokinetics through a panel of mechanistic investigations: (a) BCRP dependent ATPase activity was markedly interfered by IS01957; (b) IS01957 increased the intestinal permeability of diclofenac in the single pass in-situ perfusion model; (c) IS01957 inhibited the CYP2C9 catalyzed diclofenac 4-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. Immunoblotting results suggest that diclofenac action was improved significantly in the presence of IS01957 involving MAPK pathways. Finally acute gastric damage study showed that IS01957 in combination with diclofenac was better to improve the desired PGE2 level as compare to alone. In nutshell, IS01957 have potential to augment the efficacy of diclofenac through pharmacokinetic modulation. Further investigations are required for dose reduction of diclofenac to combat its liabilities before going into clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjna Sharma
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Santosh K Rath
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tanveer A Malik
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Payare L Sangwan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Surrinder Koul
- Bio-Organic Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sheikh Tasduq Abdullah
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Gurdarshan Singh
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD, Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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16
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Takemura A, Gong S, Sekine S, Ito K. Inhibition of biliary network reconstruction by benzbromarone delays recovery from pre-existing liver injury. Toxicology 2019; 423:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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17
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Molecular docking of anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac with metabolic targets: Potential applications in cancer therapeutics. J Theor Biol 2019; 465:117-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Overview: Role of Drug Transporters in Drug Disposition and Its Clinical Significance. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1141:1-12. [PMID: 31571163 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Absorption, distribution, and excretion of drugs are involved in drug transport across plasma membrane, most of which are mediated by drug transporters. These drug transporters are generally divided into solute carrier (SLC) family and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family. These transporters not only mediate transport of therapeutic drugs across membrane but also transport various kinds of endogenous compounds. Thus besides being participated in disposal of drug and its clinical efficacy/toxicity, these transporters also play vital roles in maintaining cell homeostasis via regulating transport of endogenous compounds. This chapter will outline classification of drug transporters, their roles in drug disposal/drug response, and remote communication between tissues/organs.
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19
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Wang Z, Chen D, Wang Z. Effects of diclofenac on the pharmacokinetics of celastrol in rats and its transport. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2018; 56:269-274. [PMID: 29651912 PMCID: PMC6130456 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2018.1459740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Diclofenac and celastrol are always used together for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis; the herb-drug interaction potential between diclofenac and celastrol is still unknown. OBJECTIVE This study investigates the effects of diclofenac on the pharmacokinetics of celastrol in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and received celastrol (1 mg/kg) or both celastrol (1 mg/kg) and diclofenac (10 mg/kg) by oral gavage, and blood samples were collected via the oculi chorioideae vein and determined using the LC-MS method developed in this study. Additionally, the effects of diclofenac on the transport of celastrol were investigated using a Caco-2 cell transwell model. RESULTS Diclofenac could significantly (p < 0.05) decrease the Cmax (from 66.93 ± 10.28 to 41.25 ± 8.06 ng/mL) and AUC0-t (from 765.84 ± 163.61 to 451.33 ± 110.88 μg × h/L) of celastrol in rats. The efflux ratio of celastrol increased significantly (p < 0.05) from 3.12 to 4.55 with the treatment of diclofenac. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION These results indicated that diclofenac could decrease the system exposure of celastrol in rats when they are co-administered, and these effects might be exerted via decreasing its absorption in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengfu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, P. R. China
| | - Dali Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, P. R. China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, P. R. China
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20
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Raaphorst RM, Savolainen H, Cantore M, van de Steeg E, van Waarde A, Colabufo NA, Elsinga PH, Lammertsma AA, Windhorst AD, Luurtsema G. Comparison of In Vitro Assays in Selecting Radiotracers for In Vivo P-Glycoprotein PET Imaging. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2017; 10:ph10030076. [PMID: 29036881 PMCID: PMC5620620 DOI: 10.3390/ph10030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the blood-brain barrier can be important in neurological diseases where P-gp is affected, such as Alzheimer´s disease. Radiotracers used in the imaging studies are present at very small, nanomolar, concentration, whereas in vitro assays where these tracers are characterized, are usually performed at micromolar concentration, causing often discrepant in vivo and in vitro data. We had in vivo rodent PET data of [11C]verapamil, (R)-N-[18F]fluoroethylverapamil, (R)-O-[18F]fluoroethyl-norverapamil, [18F]MC225 and [18F]MC224 and we included also two new molecules [18F]MC198 and [18F]KE64 in this study. To improve the predictive value of in vitro assays, we labeled all the tracers with tritium and performed bidirectional substrate transport assay in MDCKII-MDR1 cells at three different concentrations (0.01, 1 and 50 µM) and also inhibition assay with P-gp inhibitors. As a comparison, we used non-radioactive molecules in transport assay in Caco-2 cells at a concentration of 10 µM and in calcein-AM inhibition assay in MDCKII-MDR1 cells. All the P-gp substrates were transported dose-dependently. At the highest concentration (50 µM), P-gp was saturated in a similar way as after treatment with P-gp inhibitors. Best in vivo correlation was obtained with the bidirectional transport assay at a concentration of 0.01 µM. One micromolar concentration in a transport assay or calcein-AM assay alone is not sufficient for correct in vivo prediction of substrate P-gp PET ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renske M Raaphorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1085C, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Heli Savolainen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Mariangela Cantore
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Biofordrug slr, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Evita van de Steeg
- Microbiology Systems and Biology Group, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Utrechtseweg 48, 3704 HE Zeist, The Netherlands.
| | - Aren van Waarde
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Nicola A Colabufo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università Degli Studi di Bari, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
- Biofordrug slr, via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Philip H Elsinga
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Adriaan A Lammertsma
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1085C, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Albert D Windhorst
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1085C, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert Luurtsema
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.
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21
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Wang X, Zhang ZY, Arora S, Hughes L, Wang J, Powers D, Christensen J, Lu S, Kansra V. Effects of Rolapitant Administered Intravenously or Orally on the Pharmacokinetics of Digoxin (P-glycoprotein Substrate) and Sulfasalazine (Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Substrate) in Healthy Volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 2017; 58:202-211. [PMID: 28906558 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Rolapitant is a selective and long-acting neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist approved in an oral formulation in combination with other antiemetic agents for the prevention of delayed chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults. Four open-label phase 1 studies evaluated the safety and drug-drug interactions of a single dose of rolapitant given intravenously (166.5 mg) or orally (180 mg) with oral digoxin (0.5 mg) or sulfasalazine (500 mg), probe substrates for the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), respectively. Administration of intravenous rolapitant with the substrates did not result in clinically significant effects on digoxin and sulfasalazine pharmacokinetics. In contrast, peak concentration and area under the curve for last quantifiable plasma concentrations increased by 71% (geometric mean ratio [GMR], 1.71; 90% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-1.95) and 30% (GMR, 1.30; 90%CI, 1.19-1.42), respectively, when rolapitant was coadministered orally with digoxin compared with digoxin alone; they increased by 140% (GMR, 2.40; 90%CI, 2.02-2.86) and 127% (GMR, 2.27; 90%CI, 1.94-2.65), respectively, when rolapitant was given orally with sulfasalazine compared with sulfasalazine alone. Adverse events were mild to moderate in severity in the absence or presence of rolapitant. There were no abnormal clinical laboratory or electrocardiogram findings. Thus, whether administered orally or intravenously, rolapitant was safe and well tolerated. Patients taking oral rolapitant with P-gp and BCRP substrates with a narrow therapeutic index should be monitored for potential adverse events; although increased plasma concentrations of these substrates may raise the risk of toxicity, they are not contraindicated.
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22
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Chew CC, Ng S, Chee YL, Koo TW, Liew MH, Chee ELC, Modamio P, Fernández C, Mariño EL, Segarra I. Diclofenac sex-divergent drug-drug interaction with Sunitinib: pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution in male and female mice. Invest New Drugs 2017; 35:399-411. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-017-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Cunha V, Burkhardt-Medicke K, Wellner P, Santos MM, Moradas-Ferreira P, Luckenbach T, Ferreira M. Effects of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) on multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) related efflux transporter activity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 136:14-23. [PMID: 27810576 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Certain ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter proteins, such as zebrafish Abcb4, are efflux pumps acting as a cellular defence against a wide range of different, potentially toxic chemical compounds thus mediating so called multixenobiotic resistance (MXR). Certain chemicals target MXR proteins and, as so called chemosensitisers, inhibit the activity of these proteins thus increasing the toxicity of other chemicals that would normally be effluxed. In this study 14 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) that are being increasingly detected in aquatic systems, were assessed for interference with the MXR system of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Concentration dependent effects of test compounds were recorded with the dye accumulation assay using zebrafish embryos and in ATPase assays with recombinant zebrafish Abcb4. In the dye accumulation assay embryos at 24h post fertilisation (hpf) were exposed to 8µm rhodamine 123 along with test compounds for 2h. The rhodamine 123 tissue levels upon the exposure served as a measure for MXR transporter efflux activity of the embryo (low rhodamine levels - high activity; high levels - low activity). The known ABC protein inhibitors MK571, vinblastine and verapamil served as positive controls. All tested PPCPs affected rhodamine 123 accumulation in embryos. For seven compounds rhodamine tissue levels were either both decreased and increased depending on the compound concentration indicating both stimulation and inhibition of rhodamine 123 efflux by those compounds, only increased (inhibition, six compounds) or only decreased (stimulation, one compound). Recombinant zebrafish Abcb4 was obtained with the baculovirus expression system and PPCPs were tested for stimulation/inhibition of basal transporter ATPase activity and for inhibition of the transporter ATPase activity stimulated with verapamil. Eight of the tested PPCPs showed effects on Abcb4 ATPase activity indicating that their effects in the dye accumulation assay may have indeed resulted from interference with Abcb4-mediated rhodamine 123 efflux. Slight stimulatory effects were found for musk xylene, nerol, isoeugenol, α-amylcinnamaldehyde, α-hexylcinnamaldehyde and simvastatin indicating Abcb4 substrate/competitive inhibitor properties of those compounds. Likewise, decreases of the verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activity by diclofenac and fluoxetine may indicate competitive transporter inhibition. Sertraline inhibited the basal and verapamil-stimulated Abcb4 ATPase activities suggesting its property as non-competitive Abcb4 inhibitor. Taken together, our finding that chemically diverse PPCPs interfere with MXR efflux activity of zebrafish indicates that (1) efflux transporters may influence bioaccumulation of many PPCPs in fish and that (2) many PPCPs may act as chemosensitisers. Furthermore, it appears that interference of PPCPs with efflux activity in zebrafish embryos is not only from effects on Abcb4 but also on other efflux transporter subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cunha
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal.
| | - K Burkhardt-Medicke
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Technische Universitaet Dresden, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - P Wellner
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M M Santos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; FCUP-Dept of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; 5IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 823, 4150-180 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Moradas-Ferreira
- ICBAS/UP-Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Largo Professor Abel Salazar, 2, 4099-003 Porto, Portugal; I3S-Institute for Research and Innovation in Health, University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; IBMC, Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Porto, Portugal
| | - T Luckenbach
- UFZ-Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Ferreira
- CIIMAR/CIMAR-Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, Coastal and Marine Environmental Toxicology Lab, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; School of Marine Studies, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, The University of South Pacific, Laucala Bay Road, Suva, Fiji Islands
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Ye M, Nagar S, Korzekwa K. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to predict the pharmacokinetics of highly protein-bound drugs and the impact of errors in plasma protein binding. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2017; 37:123-41. [PMID: 26531057 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Predicting the pharmacokinetics of highly protein-bound drugs is difficult. Also, since historical plasma protein binding data were often collected using unbuffered plasma, the resulting inaccurate binding data could contribute to incorrect predictions. This study uses a generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict human plasma concentration-time profiles for 22 highly protein-bound drugs. Tissue distribution was estimated from in vitro drug lipophilicity data, plasma protein binding and the blood: plasma ratio. Clearance was predicted with a well-stirred liver model. Underestimated hepatic clearance for acidic and neutral compounds was corrected by an empirical scaling factor. Predicted values (pharmacokinetic parameters, plasma concentration-time profile) were compared with observed data to evaluate the model accuracy. Of the 22 drugs, less than a 2-fold error was obtained for the terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 , 100% of drugs), peak plasma concentration (Cmax , 100%), area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t , 95.4%), clearance (CLh , 95.4%), mean residence time (MRT, 95.4%) and steady state volume (Vss , 90.9%). The impact of fup errors on CLh and Vss prediction was evaluated. Errors in fup resulted in proportional errors in clearance prediction for low-clearance compounds, and in Vss prediction for high-volume neutral drugs. For high-volume basic drugs, errors in fup did not propagate to errors in Vss prediction. This is due to the cancellation of errors in the calculations for tissue partitioning of basic drugs. Overall, plasma profiles were well simulated with the present PBPK model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Swati Nagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Ken Korzekwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
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25
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Uraki M, Kawase A, Iwaki M. Stereoselective hepatic disposition of ibuprofen in the perfused liver of rat with adjuvant-induced arthritis. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:943-950. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2016.1252869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Misato Uraki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawase
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iwaki
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, Japan
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26
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Knöspel F, Jacobs F, Freyer N, Damm G, De Bondt A, van den Wyngaert I, Snoeys J, Monshouwer M, Richter M, Strahl N, Seehofer D, Zeilinger K. In Vitro Model for Hepatotoxicity Studies Based on Primary Human Hepatocyte Cultivation in a Perfused 3D Bioreactor System. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:584. [PMID: 27092500 PMCID: PMC4849040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of the potential hepatotoxic nature of new pharmaceuticals remains highly challenging. Therefore, novel in vitro models with improved external validity are needed to investigate hepatic metabolism and timely identify any toxicity of drugs in humans. In this study, we examined the effects of diclofenac, as a model substance with a known risk of hepatotoxicity in vivo, in a dynamic multi-compartment bioreactor using primary human liver cells. Biotransformation pathways of the drug and possible effects on metabolic activities, morphology and cell transcriptome were evaluated. Formation rates of diclofenac metabolites were relatively stable over the application period of seven days in bioreactors exposed to 300 µM diclofenac (300 µM bioreactors (300 µM BR)), while in bioreactors exposed to 1000 µM diclofenac (1000 µM BR) metabolite concentrations declined drastically. The biochemical data showed a significant decrease in lactate production and for the higher dose a significant increase in ammonia secretion, indicating a dose-dependent effect of diclofenac application. The microarray analyses performed revealed a stable hepatic phenotype of the cells over time and the observed transcriptional changes were in line with functional readouts of the system. In conclusion, the data highlight the suitability of the bioreactor technology for studying the hepatotoxicity of drugs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Knöspel
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Frank Jacobs
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse 2340, Belgium.
| | - Nora Freyer
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Georg Damm
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - An De Bondt
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse 2340, Belgium.
| | | | - Jan Snoeys
- Janssen Research & Development, Beerse 2340, Belgium.
| | | | - Marco Richter
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Nadja Strahl
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
| | - Katrin Zeilinger
- Bioreactor Group, Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin 13353, Germany.
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27
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Increased Systemic Exposure of Methotrexate by a Polyphenol-Rich Herb via Modulation on Efflux Transporters Multidrug Resistance–Associated Protein 2 and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:343-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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28
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Zhang Y, Han YH, Putluru SP, Matta MK, Kole P, Mandlekar S, Furlong MT, Liu T, Iyer RA, Marathe P, Yang Z, Lai Y, Rodrigues AD. Diclofenac and Its Acyl Glucuronide: Determination of In Vivo Exposure in Human Subjects and Characterization as Human Drug Transporter Substrates In Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:320-8. [PMID: 26714763 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Although the metabolism and disposition of diclofenac (DF) has been studied extensively, information regarding the plasma levels of its acyl-β-d-glucuronide (DF-AG), a major metabolite, in human subjects is limited. Therefore, DF-AG concentrations were determined in plasma (acidified blood derived) of six healthy volunteers following a single oral DF dose (50 mg). Levels of DF-AG in plasma were high, as reflected by a DF-AG/DF ratio of 0.62 ± 0.21 (Cmax mean ± S.D.) and 0.84 ± 0.21 (area under the concentration-time curve mean ± S.D.). Both DF and DF-AG were also studied as substrates of different human drug transporters in vitro. DF was identified as a substrate of organic anion transporter (OAT) 2 only (Km = 46.8 µM). In contrast, DF-AG was identified as a substrate of numerous OATs (Km = 8.6, 60.2, 103.9, and 112 µM for OAT2, OAT1, OAT4, and OAT3, respectively), two organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATP1B1, Km = 34 µM; OATP2B1, Km = 105 µM), breast cancer resistance protein (Km = 152 µM), and two multidrug resistance proteins (MRP2, Km = 145 µM; MRP3, Km = 196 µM). It is concluded that the disposition of DF-AG, once formed, can be mediated by various candidate transporters known to be expressed in the kidney (basolateral, OAT1, OAT2, and OAT3; apical, MRP2, BCRP, and OAT4) and liver (canalicular, MRP2 and BCRP; basolateral, OATP1B1, OATP2B1, OAT2, and MRP3). DF-AG is unstable in plasma and undergoes conversion to parent DF. Therefore, caution is warranted when assessing renal and hepatic transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions with DF and DF-AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueping Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yong-Hae Han
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Siva Prasad Putluru
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Murali Krishna Matta
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Prashant Kole
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Sandhya Mandlekar
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Michael T Furlong
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Ramaswamy A Iyer
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Punit Marathe
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Zheng Yang
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Yurong Lai
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - A David Rodrigues
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey
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29
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Elsby R, Martin P, Surry D, Sharma P, Fenner K. Solitary Inhibition of the Breast Cancer Resistance Protein Efflux Transporter Results in a Clinically Significant Drug-Drug Interaction with Rosuvastatin by Causing up to a 2-Fold Increase in Statin Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 44:398-408. [PMID: 26700956 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.066795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) restricts the absorption of rosuvastatin. Of the transporters important to rosuvastatin disposition, fostamatinib inhibited BCRP (IC50 = 50 nM) and organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1; IC50 > 10 μM), but not organic anion transporter 3, in vitro, predicting a drug-drug interaction (DDI) in vivo through inhibition of BCRP only. Consequently, a clinical interaction study between fostamatinib and rosuvastatin was performed (and reported elsewhere). This confirmed the critical role BCRP plays in statin absorption, as inhibition by fostamatinib resulted in a significant 1.96-fold and 1.88-fold increase in rosuvastatin area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and Cmax, respectively. An in vitro BCRP inhibition assay, using polarized Caco-2 cells and rosuvastatin as probe substrate, was subsequently validated with literature inhibitors and used to determine BCRP inhibitory potencies (IC50) of the perpetrator drugs eltrombopag, darunavir, lopinavir, clopidogrel, ezetimibe, fenofibrate, and fluconazole. OATP1B1 inhibition was also determined using human embryonic kidney 293-OATP1B1 cells versus estradiol 17β-glucuronide. Calculated parameters of maximum enterocyte concentration [Igut max], maximum unbound hepatic inlet concentration, transporter fraction excreted value, and determined IC50 value were incorporated into mechanistic static equations to compute theoretical increases in rosuvastatin AUC due to inhibition of BCRP and/or OATP1B1. Calculated theoretical increases in exposure correctly predicted the clinically observed changes in rosuvastatin exposure and suggested intestinal BCRP inhibition (not OATP1B1) to be the mechanism underlying the DDIs with these drugs. In conclusion, solitary inhibition of the intestinal BCRP transporter can result in clinically significant DDIs with rosuvastatin, causing up to a maximum 2-fold increase in exposure, which may warrant statin dose adjustment in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Elsby
- DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism (R.E., D.S.), and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, (P.M.), AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom (P.S., K.F.)
| | - Paul Martin
- DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism (R.E., D.S.), and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, (P.M.), AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom (P.S., K.F.)
| | - Dominic Surry
- DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism (R.E., D.S.), and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, (P.M.), AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom (P.S., K.F.)
| | - Pradeep Sharma
- DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism (R.E., D.S.), and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, (P.M.), AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom (P.S., K.F.)
| | - Katherine Fenner
- DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism (R.E., D.S.), and Quantitative Clinical Pharmacology, (P.M.), AstraZeneca R&D Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, United Kingdom; and DMPK, Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca R&D Darwin, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom (P.S., K.F.)
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30
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Niu X, de Graaf IAM, van de Vegte D, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Sekine S, Groothuis GMM. Consequences of Mrp2 deficiency for diclofenac toxicity in the rat intestine ex vivo. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:168-75. [PMID: 25450747 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac (DCF) has a high prevalence of intestinal side effects in humans and rats. It has been reported that Mrp2 transporter deficient rats (Mrp2) are more resistant to DCF induced intestinal toxicity. This was explained in vivo by impaired Mrp2-dependent biliary transport of DCF-acylglucuronide (DAG), leading to decreased intestinal exposure to DAG and DCF. However, it is not known to what extent adaptive changes in the Mrp2 intestine itself influence its sensitivity to DCF toxicity without the influence of liver metabolites. To investigate this, DCF toxicity and disposition were studied ex vivo by precision-cut intestinal slices and Ussing chamber using intestines from wild type(WT) and Mrp2 rats. The results show that adaptive changes due to Mrp2 deficiency concerning Mrp2, Mrp3 and BCRP gene expression, GSH content and DAG formation were different between liver and intestine. Furthermore, Mrp2 intestine was intrinsically more resistant to DCF toxicity than its WT counterpart ex vivo. This can at least partly be explained by a reduced DCF uptake by the Mrp2 intestine, but isnot related to the other adaptive changes in the intestine. The extrapolation of this data to humans with MRP2 deficiency is uncertain due to species differences in activity and regulation of transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Niu
- Division of Pharmacokinetics, Toxicology and Targeting, Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
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31
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Scialis RJ, Csanaky IL, Goedken MJ, Manautou JE. Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 3 Plays an Important Role in Protection against Acute Toxicity of Diclofenac. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:944-50. [PMID: 25897176 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.061705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac (DCF) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly prescribed to reduce pain in acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. One of the main DCF metabolites is a reactive diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DCF-AG) that covalently binds to biologic targets and may contribute to adverse drug reactions arising from DCF use. Cellular efflux of DCF-AG is partially mediated by multidrug resistance-associated proteins (Mrp). The importance of Mrp2 during DCF-induced toxicity has been established, yet the role of Mrp3 remains largely unexplored. In the present work, Mrp3-null (KO) mice were used to study the toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of DCF and its metabolites. DCF-AG plasma concentrations were 90% lower in KO mice than in wild-type (WT) mice, indicating that Mrp3 mediates DCF-AG basolateral efflux. In contrast, there were no differences in DCF-AG biliary excretion between WT and KO, suggesting that only DCF-AG basolateral efflux is compromised by Mrp3 deletion. Susceptibility to toxicity was also evaluated after a single high DCF dose. No signs of injury were detected in livers and kidneys; however, ulcers were found in the small intestines. Furthermore, the observed intestinal injuries were consistently more severe in KO compared with WT. DCF covalent adducts were observed in liver and small intestines; however, staining intensity did not correlate with the severity of injuries, implying that tissues respond differently to covalent modification. Overall, the data provide strong evidence that (1) in vivo Mrp3 plays an important role in DCF-AG disposition and (2) compromised Mrp3 function can enhance injury in the gastrointestinal tract after DCF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato J Scialis
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas (I.L.C.); and Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Iván L Csanaky
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas (I.L.C.); and Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - Michael J Goedken
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas (I.L.C.); and Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
| | - José E Manautou
- University of Connecticut, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Storrs, Connecticut (R.J.S., J.E.M.); University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas (I.L.C.); and Office of Translational Science, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey (M.J.G.)
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32
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García-Carrasco M, Mendoza-Pinto C, Macias Díaz S, Vera-Recabarren M, Vázquez de Lara L, Méndez Martínez S, Soto-Santillán P, González-Ramírez R, Ruiz-Arguelles A. P-glycoprotein in autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2015; 14:594-600. [PMID: 25712147 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a transmembrane protein of 170 kD encoded by the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) gene, localized on chromosome 7. More than 50 polymorphisms of the MDR-1 gene have been described; a subset of these has been shown to play a pathophysiological role in the development of inflammatory bowel disease, femoral head osteonecrosis induced by steroids, lung cancer and renal epithelial tumors. Polymorphisms that have a protective effect on the development of conditions such as Parkinson disease have also been identified. P-glycoprotein belongs to the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter superfamily and its structure comprises a chain of approximately 1280 aminoacid residues with an N-C terminal structure, arranged as 2 homologous halves, each of which has 6 transmembrane segments, with a total of 12 segments with 2 cytoplasmic nucleotide binding domains. Many cytokines like interleukin 2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha increase Pgp expression and activity. Pgp functions as an efflux pump for a variety of toxins in order to protect particular organs and tissues as the central nervous system. Pgp transports a variety of substrates including glucocorticoids while other drugs such as tacrolimus and cyclosporine A act as modulators of this protein. The most widely used method to measure Pgp activity is flow cytometry using naturally fluorescent substrates such as anthracyclines or rhodamine 123. The study of drug resistance and its association to Pgp began with the study of resistance to chemotherapy in the treatment of cancer and antiretroviral therapy for human immunodeficiency virus; however, the role of Pgp in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis has been a focus of study lately and has emerged as an important mechanism by which treatment failure occurs. The present review analyzes the role of Pgp in these autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M García-Carrasco
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma dePuebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - C Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma dePuebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - S Macias Díaz
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | | | - L Vázquez de Lara
- Departament of Experimental Medicine, Medicine School, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - S Méndez Martínez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - P Soto-Santillán
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - R González-Ramírez
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Hospital General Regional No. 36, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - A Ruiz-Arguelles
- Laboratorios Clinicos de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico; Universidad de las Américas Puebla, Mexico.
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Baiceanu E, Crisan G, Loghin F, Falson P. Modulators of the human ABCC2: hope from natural sources? Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2041-63. [PMID: 26496229 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human ABCC2 is an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in the export of endobiotics and xenobiotics. It is involved in cisplatin resistance in cancer cells, particularly in ovarian cancer. The few known ABCC2 modulators are poorly efficient, so it is necessary to explore new ways to select and optimize efficient compounds ABCC2. Natural products offer an original scaffold for such a strategy and brings hope for this aim. This review covers basic knowledge about ABCC2, from distribution and topology aspects to physiological and pathological functions. It summarizes the effect of natural products as ABCC2 modulators. Certain plant metabolites act on different ABCC2 regulation levels and therefore are promising candidates to block the multidrug resistance mediated by ABCC2 in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeta Baiceanu
- Drug Resistance Modulation & Membrane Proteins Laboratory, Molecular & Structural Basis of Infectious Systems, Mixed Research Unit between the National Centre for Scientific Research & Lyon I University n 5086, Institute of Biology & Chemistry of Proteins, 7 passage du Vercors 69367, Lyon, Cedex, France
- Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine & Pharmacy 'Iuliu Haţieganu' Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gianina Crisan
- Pharmaceutical Botany Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine & Pharmacy 'Iuliu Haţieganu' Cluj-Napoca, 23 Marinescu Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Felicia Loghin
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine & Pharmacy 'Iuliu Haţieganu' Cluj-Napoca, 5-9 Louis Pasteur Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pierre Falson
- Drug Resistance Modulation & Membrane Proteins Laboratory, Molecular & Structural Basis of Infectious Systems, Mixed Research Unit between the National Centre for Scientific Research & Lyon I University n 5086, Institute of Biology & Chemistry of Proteins, 7 passage du Vercors 69367, Lyon, Cedex, France
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Structure and function of BCRP, a broad specificity transporter of xenobiotics and endobiotics. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1205-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Novakova I, Subileau EA, Toegel S, Gruber D, Lachmann B, Urban E, Chesne C, Noe CR, Neuhaus W. Transport rankings of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs across blood-brain barrier in vitro models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86806. [PMID: 24466249 PMCID: PMC3900635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to conduct a comprehensive study about the transport properties of NSAIDs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in vitro. Transport studies with celecoxib, diclofenac, ibuprofen, meloxicam, piroxicam and tenoxicam were accomplished across Transwell models based on cell line PBMEC/C1-2, ECV304 or primary rat brain endothelial cells. Single as well as group substance studies were carried out. In group studies substance group compositions, transport medium and serum content were varied, transport inhibitors verapamil and probenecid were added. Resulted permeability coefficients were compared and normalized to internal standards diazepam and carboxyfluorescein. Transport rankings of NSAIDs across each model were obtained. Single substance studies showed similar rankings as corresponding group studies across PBMEC/C1-2 or ECV304 cell layers. Serum content, glioma conditioned medium and inhibitors probenecid and verapamil influenced resulted permeability significantly. Basic differences of transport properties of the investigated NSAIDs were similar comparing all three in vitro BBB models. Different substance combinations in the group studies and addition of probenecid and verapamil suggested that transporter proteins are involved in the transport of every tested NSAID. Results especially underlined the importance of same experimental conditions (transport medium, serum content, species origin, cell line) for proper data comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Novakova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan Toegel
- Department of Orthopedics, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Gruber
- Core Facility Cell Imaging and Ultrastructure Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bodo Lachmann
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ernst Urban
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christian R. Noe
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried Neuhaus
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Hsu PW, Shia CS, Wu CT, Chang NW, Chao PDL, Hou YC. Noni increased the systemic exposure of methotrexate in rats through inhibition on multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP 2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). J Funct Foods 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Radu BM, Bramanti P, Osculati F, Flonta ML, Radu M, Bertini G, Fabene PF. Neurovascular unit in chronic pain. Mediators Inflamm 2013; 2013:648268. [PMID: 23840097 PMCID: PMC3687484 DOI: 10.1155/2013/648268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition with major socioeconomic impact, whose neurobiological basis is still not clear. An involvement of the neurovascular unit (NVU) has been recently proposed. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), two NVU key players, may be affected during the development of chronic pain; in particular, transient permeabilization of the barrier is suggested by several inflammatory- and nerve-injury-based pain models, and we argue that the clarification of molecular BBB/BSCB permeabilization events will shed new light in understanding chronic pain mechanisms. Possible biases in experiments supporting this theory and its translational potentials are discussed. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on the role of the endothelium, we propose that our understanding of the mechanisms subserving chronic pain will benefit from the extension of research efforts to the NVU as a whole. In this view, the available evidence on the interaction between analgesic drugs and the NVU is here reviewed. Chronic pain comorbidities, such as neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, are also discussed in view of NVU changes, together with innovative pharmacological solutions targeting NVU components in chronic pain treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Mihaela Radu
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | | | - Maria-Luisa Flonta
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Radu
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
- Department of Life and Environmental Physics, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
| | - Giuseppe Bertini
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Paolo Francesco Fabene
- Department of Neurological, Neuropsychological, Morphological and Movement Sciences, Section of Anatomy and Histology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134 Verona, Italy
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König J, Müller F, Fromm MF. Transporters and drug-drug interactions: important determinants of drug disposition and effects. Pharmacol Rev 2013; 65:944-66. [PMID: 23686349 DOI: 10.1124/pr.113.007518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 388] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Uptake and efflux transporters determine plasma and tissue concentrations of a broad variety of drugs. They are localized in organs such as small intestine, liver, and kidney, which are critical for drug absorption and elimination. Moreover, they can be found in important blood-tissue barriers such as the blood-brain barrier. Inhibition or induction of drug transporters by coadministered drugs can alter pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the victim drugs. This review will summarize in particular clinically observed drug-drug interactions attributable to inhibition or induction of intestinal export transporters [P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP)], to inhibition of hepatic uptake transporters [organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs)], or to inhibition of transporter-mediated [organic anion transporters (OATs), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2), multidrug and toxin extrusion proteins (MATEs), P-gp] renal secretion of xenobiotics. Available data on the impact of nutrition on transport processes as well as genotype-dependent, transporter-mediated drug-drug interactions will be discussed. We will also present and discuss data on the variable extent to which information on the impact of transporters on drug disposition is included in summaries of product characteristics of selected countries (SPCs). Further work is required regarding a better understanding of the role of the drug metabolism-drug transport interplay for drug-drug interactions and on the extrapolation of in vitro findings to the in vivo (human) situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg König
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Clinical Pharmacology and Clinical Toxicology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Schnepf R, Zolk O. Effect of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 on pharmacokinetics: experimental findings and clinical implications. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2013; 9:287-306. [PMID: 23289909 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2013.742063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 can actively extrude a broad range of endogenous and exogenous substrates across biological membranes. Thereby, ABCG2 limits oral drug bioavailability, mediates hepatobiliary and renal excretion and participates functionally in the blood-brain barrier. AREAS COVERED The paper provides a review of the clinical evidence of the role of ABCG2 in the bioavailability and brain disposition of drugs. It also sheds light on the value of experimental/preclinical data in predicting the role of ABCG2 in pharmacokinetics in humans. EXPERT OPINION Experimental studies indicate that ABCG2 may limit the oral bioavailability and brain penetration of many drugs. ABCG2 has also been recognized as an important determinant of the disposition of some drugs in humans. For example, loss-of-function variants of ABCG2 affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rosuvastatin in a clinically significant manner. Moreover, clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions have been attributed to ABCG2 inhibition. However, examples from human studies are still rare compared with the overwhelming evidence from experimental studies. The large degree of functional redundancy of ABCG2 with other transporters such as P-glycoprotein may explain the rare occurrence of ABCG2-dependent drug-drug interactions in humans. Providing clinicians with consolidated information on the clinically relevant interactions of drugs with ABCG2 remains a matter of future exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Schnepf
- Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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Hoffmann SA, Müller-Vieira U, Biemel K, Knobeloch D, Heydel S, Lübberstedt M, Nüssler AK, Andersson TB, Gerlach JC, Zeilinger K. Analysis of drug metabolism activities in a miniaturized liver cell bioreactor for use in pharmacological studies. Biotechnol Bioeng 2012; 109:3172-81. [PMID: 22688505 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on a hollow fiber perfusion technology with internal oxygenation, a miniaturized bioreactor with a volume of 0.5 mL for in vitro studies was recently developed. Here, the suitability of this novel culture system for pharmacological studies was investigated, focusing on the model drug diclofenac. Primary human liver cells were cultivated in bioreactors and in conventional monolayer cultures in parallel over 10 days. From day 3 on, diclofenac was continuously applied at a therapeutic concentration (6.4 µM) for analysis of its metabolism. In addition, the activity and gene expression of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4 were assessed. Diclofenac was metabolized in bioreactor cultures with an initial conversion rate of 230 ± 57 pmol/h/10(6) cells followed by a period of stable conversion of about 100 pmol/h/10(6) cells. All CYP activities tested were maintained until day 10 of bioreactor culture. The expression of corresponding mRNAs correlated well with the degree of preservation. Immunohistochemical characterization showed the formation of neo-tissue with expression of CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and the drug transporters breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) in the bioreactor. In contrast, monolayer cultures showed a rapid decline of diclofenac conversion and cells had largely lost activity and mRNA expression of the assessed CYP isoforms at the end of the culture period. In conclusion, diclofenac metabolism, CYP activities and gene expression levels were considerably more stable in bioreactor cultures, making the novel bioreactor a useful tool for pharmacological or toxicological investigations requiring a highly physiological in vitro representation of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan A Hoffmann
- Division of Experimental Surgery, Berlin Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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Grandvuinet AS, Vestergaard HT, Rapin N, Steffansen B. Intestinal transporters for endogenic and pharmaceutical organic anions: the challenges of deriving in-vitro kinetic parameters for the prediction of clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1523-48. [PMID: 23058041 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.2012.01505.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review provides an overview of intestinal human transporters for organic anions and stresses the need for standardization of the various in-vitro methods presently employed in drug-drug interaction (DDI) investigations. KEY FINDINGS Current knowledge on the intestinal expression of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT), the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), the monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) 1, MCT3-5, the multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP) 1-6, the organic anion transporting polypetides (OATP) 2B1, 1A2, 3A1 and 4A1, and the organic solute transporter α/β (OSTα/β) has been covered along with an overview of their substrates and inhibitors. Furthermore, the many challenges in predicting clinically relevant DDIs from in-vitro studies have been discussed with focus on intestinal transporters and the various methods for deducting in-vitro parameters for transporters (K(m) /K(i) /IC50, efflux ratio). The applicability of using a cut-off value (estimated based on the intestinal drug concentration divided by the K(i) or IC50) has also been considered. SUMMARY A re-evaluation of the current approaches for the prediction of DDIs is necessary when considering the involvement of other transporters than P-glycoprotein. Moreover, the interplay between various processes that a drug is subject to in-vivo such as translocation by several transporters and dissolution should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Grandvuinet
- Drug Transporters in ADME, Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Involvement of the pleiotropic drug resistance response, protein kinase C signaling, and altered zinc homeostasis in resistance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to diclofenac. Appl Environ Microbiol 2011; 77:5973-80. [PMID: 21724882 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00253-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac is a widely used analgesic drug that can cause serious adverse drug reactions. We used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model eukaryote with which to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of diclofenac toxicity and resistance. Although most yeast cells died during the initial diclofenac treatment, some survived and started growing again. Microarray analysis of the adapted cells identified three major processes involved in diclofenac detoxification and tolerance. In particular, pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) genes and genes under the control of Rlm1p, a transcription factor in the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, were upregulated in diclofenac-adapted cells. We tested if these processes or pathways were directly involved in diclofenac toxicity or resistance. Of the pleiotropic drug resistance gene products, the multidrug transporter Pdr5p was crucially important for diclofenac tolerance. Furthermore, deletion of components of the cell wall stress-responsive PKC pathway increased diclofenac toxicity, whereas incubation of cells with the cell wall stressor calcofluor white before the addition of diclofenac decreased its toxicity. Also, diclofenac induced flocculation, which might trigger the cell wall alterations. Genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and rRNA processing were downregulated, as were zinc-responsive genes. Paradoxically, deletion of the zinc-responsive transcription factor Zap1p or addition of the zinc chelator 1,10-phenanthroline significantly increased diclofenac toxicity, establishing a regulatory role for zinc in diclofenac resistance. In conclusion, we have identified three new pathways involved in diclofenac tolerance in yeast, namely, Pdr5p as the main contributor to the PDR response, cell wall signaling via the PKC pathway, and zinc homeostasis, regulated by Zap1p.
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Van Phuc P, Nhan PLC, Nhung TH, Tam NT, Hoang NM, Tue VG, Thuy DT, Ngoc PK. Downregulation of CD44 reduces doxorubicin resistance of CD44CD24 breast cancer cells. Onco Targets Ther 2011; 4:71-8. [PMID: 21792314 PMCID: PMC3143907 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s21431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cells within breast cancer stem cell populations have been confirmed to have a CD44(+)CD24(-) phenotype. Strong expression of CD44 plays a critical role in numerous types of human cancers. CD44 is involved in cell differentiation, adhesion, and metastasis of cancer cells. METHODS In this study, we reduced CD44 expression in CD44(+)CD24(-) breast cancer stem cells and investigated their sensitivity to an antitumor drug. The CD44(+)CD24(-) breast cancer stem cells were isolated from breast tumors; CD44 expression was downregulated with siRNAs followed by treatment with different concentrations of the antitumor drug. RESULTS The proliferation of CD44 downregulated CD44(+)CD24(-) breast cancer stem cells was decreased after drug treatment. We noticed treated cells were more sensitive to doxorubicin, even at low doses, compared with the control groups. CONCLUSIONS It would appear that expression of CD44 is integral among the CD44(+)CD24(-) cell population. Reducing the expression level of CD44, combined with doxorubicin treatment, yields promising results for eradicating breast cancer stem cells in vitro. This study opens a new direction in treating breast cancer through gene therapy in conjunction with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pham Van Phuc
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Research and Application, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Munić V, Hlevnjak M, Eraković Haber V. Characterization of rhodamine-123, calcein and 5(6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF) export via MRP2 (ABCC2) in MES-SA and A549 cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2011; 43:359-69. [PMID: 21605668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2011.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on our initial results on the effects of several ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter inhibitors on rhodamine-123 efflux from A549, a human lung carcinoma, and MES-SA, a human uterine sarcoma cell line, the aim of this study was to identify the transporter responsible for this export. Export of two fluorescent dyes, rhodamine-123 and calcein, was investigated in both cell lines by testing five commonly used inhibitors of ABC transporters: verapamil, cyclosporin A, MK571, GF129018 and fumitremorgin C. A very high degree of correlation (R(2)=0.91-0.99) between results obtained in the two cell lines suggested that the same transporter was involved in the export of tested fluorescent substrates in both cell lines. Expression analysis and gene silencing techniques, as well as transport of additional substrate 5(6)-carboxy-2',7'-dichlorofluorescein (CDCF) on membrane vesicles revealed that the transporter was multidrug resistance related protein 2 (MRP2, ABCC2). Furthermore, it was found that the tested modulators showed very diverse effects on the export of three fluorescent substrates via MRP2, with some modulators being inhibitory in one, while having no effect or even stimulating the transport in the other fluorescent dye assay. Verapamil inhibited rhodamine-123, but stimulated CDCF transport and did not affect calcein export. GF129018 did not affect calcein and CDCF transport, but it inhibited rhodamine-123 transport. These results demonstrate the importance of studying various combinations of potential substrates and modulators of MRP2 in order to estimate possible drug-drug interactions in living organisms. In addition, A549 and MES-SA cells were shown to be good cell models for studying interactions of compounds with human MRP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Munić
- GlaxoSmithKline Research Centre Zagreb Ltd., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, Zagreb, Croatia.
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Meyer zu Schwabedissen HE, Kroemer HK. In vitro and in vivo evidence for the importance of breast cancer resistance protein transporters (BCRP/MXR/ABCP/ABCG2). Handb Exp Pharmacol 2011:325-371. [PMID: 21103975 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a member of the G-subfamiliy of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC)-transporter superfamily. This half-transporter is assumed to function as an important mechanism limiting cellular accumulation of various compounds. In context of its tissue distribution with localization in the sinusoidal membrane of hepatocytes, and in the apical membrane of enterocytes ABCG2 is assumed to function as an important mechanism facilitating hepatobiliary excretion and limiting oral bioavailability, respectively. Indeed functional assessment performing mouse studies with genetic deletion or chemical inhibition of the transporter, or performing pharmacogenetic studies in humans support this assumption. Furthermore the efflux function of ABCG2 has been linked to sanctuary blood tissue barriers as described for placenta and the central nervous system. However, in lactating mammary glands ABCG2 increases the transfer of substrates into milk thereby increasing the exposure to potential noxes of a breastfed newborn. With regard to its broad substrate spectrum including various anticancer drugs and environmental carcinogens the function of ABCG2 has been associated with multidrug resistance and tumor development/progression. In terms of cancer biology current research is focusing on the expression and function of ABCG2 in immature stem cells. Recent findings support the notion that the physiological function of ABCG2 is involved in the elimination of uric acid resulting in higher risk for developing gout in male patients harboring genetic variants. Taken together ABCG2 is implicated in various pathophysiological and pharmacological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette E Meyer zu Schwabedissen
- Department of Pharmacology, Research Center of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Jemnitz K, Heredi-Szabo K, Janossy J, Ioja E, Vereczkey L, Krajcsi P. ABCC2/Abcc2: a multispecific transporter with dominant excretory functions. Drug Metab Rev 2010; 42:402-36. [PMID: 20082599 DOI: 10.3109/03602530903491741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABCC2/Abcc2 (MRP2/Mrp2) is expressed at major physiological barriers, such as the canalicular membrane of liver cells, kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells, enterocytes of the small and large intestine, and syncytiotrophoblast of the placenta. ABCC2/Abcc2 always localizes in the apical membranes. Although ABCC2/Abcc2 transports a variety of amphiphilic anions that belong to different classes of molecules, such as endogenous compounds (e.g., bilirubin-glucuronides), drugs, toxic chemicals, nutraceuticals, and their conjugates, it displays a preference for phase II conjugates. Phenotypically, the most obvious consequence of mutations in ABCC2 that lead to Dubin-Johnson syndrome is conjugate hyperbilirubinemia. ABCC2/Abcc2 harbors multiple binding sites and displays complex transport kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Jemnitz
- Chemical Research Center, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, HAS, Budapest, Hungary
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Poguntke M, Hazai E, Fromm MF, Zolk O. Drug transport by breast cancer resistance protein. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2010; 6:1363-84. [PMID: 20873966 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2010.519700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD The ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 is a well-known major mediator of multi-drug resistance in cancers. Beyond multi-drug resistance, experimental and recent clinical studies demonstrate a role for ABCG2 as a determinant of drug pharmacokinetic, safety and efficacy profiles. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW The clinical evidence of the role of ABCG2 in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is reviewed. Key questions that arise from the perspective of preclinical drug evaluation are addressed, including the structure of ABCG2 and mechanisms of drug-transporter interactions, mechanisms responsible for the polyspecificity of ABCG2, methods suitable for studying drug-ABCG2 interactions in vitro and in silico prediction of ABCG2 substrates and inhibitors. WHAT THE READER WILL GAIN An update on current knowledge of the importance of ABCG2 in drug disposition with special emphasis on drug development. TAKE HOME MESSAGE The field of drug-ABCG2 interaction is rapidly advancing and beginning to expand into clinical practice. However, the structural understanding of drug binding and transport by ABCG2 is still incomplete. Incorporation of novel concepts of drug-transporter interactions such as electrostatic funneling might help explain the multispecificity of ABCG2 and enable in silico predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maren Poguntke
- University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Fahrstr. 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic physical and biological barrier between blood circulation and the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature of the BBB lies in the structure of the neurovascular unit and its cerebral micro-vascular endothelial cells. The BBB restricts the passage of blood-borne drugs, neurotoxic substances and peripheral immune cells from entering the brain, while selectively facilitating the transport of nutrients across the BBB into the brain. Thus, the integrity and proper function of the BBB is crucial to homeostasis and physiological function of the CNS. A number of transport and carrier systems are expressed and polarized on the luminal or abluminal surface of the BBB to realize these discrete functions. Among these systems, ABC transporters play a critical role in keeping drugs and neurotoxic substances from entering the brain and in transporting toxic metabolites out of the brain. A number of studies have demonstrated that ABCB1 and ABCG2 are critical to drug efflux at the BBB and that ABCC1 is essential for the blood-cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) barrier. The presence of these efflux ABC transporters also creates a major obstacle for drug delivery into the brain. We have comprehensively reviewed the literature on ABC transporters and drug efflux at the BBB. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of these transporters is important in the development of new drugs and new strategies for drug delivery into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Shen
- Neurobiology Program, Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Canada K1A 0R6
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Bhatia PA, Moaddel R, Wainer IW. The synthesis and characterization of cellular membrane affinity chromatography columns for the study of human multidrug resistant proteins MRP1, MRP2 and human breast cancer resistant protein BCRP using membranes obtained from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells. Talanta 2010; 81:1477-81. [PMID: 20441926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2010.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CMAC (cellular membrane affinity chromatography columns) have been developed for the study of the human multidrug transporters MRP1, MRP2 and the breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The columns were constructed using the immobilized artificial membrane (IAM) stationary phase and cellular membrane fragments obtained from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells that had been stably transfected with human Mrp1, Mrp2 or Bcrp cDNA, using a baculovirus expression system. The resulting CMAC(Sf9(MRP1)), CMAC(Sf9(MRP2)) and CMAC(Sf9(BCRP)) columns and a control column produced using membrane fragments from non-transfected Sf9 cells, CMAC(Sf9), were characterized using frontal affinity chromatography using [(3)H]-etoposide as the marker ligand and etoposide, benzbromarone and MK571 as the displacers on the CMAC(Sf9(MRP1)) column, etoposide and furosemide on the CMAC(Sf9(MRP2)) column and etoposide and fumitremorgin C on the CMAC(Sf9(BCPR)) column. The binding affinities (K(i) values) obtained from the chromatographic studies were consistent with the data obtained using non-chromatographic techniques and the results indicate that the immobilized MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP transporters retained their ability to selectively bind known ligands. (S)-verapamil displaced [(3)H]-etoposide on the CMAC(Sf9(MRP1)) column to a greater extent than (R)-verapamil and the relative IC(50) values of the enantiomers were calculated using the changes in the retention times of the marker. The observed enantioselectivity and calculated IC(50) values were consistent with previously reported data. The results indicated that the CMAC(Sf9(MRP1)), CMAC(Sf9(MRP2)) and CMAC(Sf9(BCRP)) columns can be used for the study of binding to the MRP1, MRP2 and BCRP transporters and that membranes from the Sf9 cell line can be used to prepare CMAC columns. This is the first example of the use of membranes from a non-mammalian cell line in an affinity chromatographic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek A Bhatia
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Biomedical Research Center, Baltimore, MD 21224-6825, USA
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Lagas JS, Sparidans RW, Wagenaar E, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. Hepatic clearance of reactive glucuronide metabolites of diclofenac in the mouse is dependent on multiple ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters. Mol Pharmacol 2010; 77:687-94. [PMID: 20086033 DOI: 10.1124/mol.109.062364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diclofenac is an important analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is widely used for the treatment of postoperative pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and chronic pain associated with cancer. Diclofenac is extensively metabolized in the liver, and the main metabolites are hydroxylated and/or glucuronidated conjugates. We show here that loss of multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) in mice results in highly increased plasma levels of diclofenac acyl glucuronide, after both oral and intravenous administration. The absence of Mrp2 and Bcrp1, localized at the canalicular membrane of hepatocytes, leads to impaired biliary excretion of acyl glucuronides and consequently to elevated liver and plasma levels. Mrp2 also mediates the biliary excretion of two hydroxylated diclofenac metabolites, 4'-hydroxydiclofenac and 5-hydroxydiclofenac. We further show that the sinusoidal efflux of diclofenac acyl glucuronide, from liver to blood, is largely dependent on multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3/ABCC3). Diclofenac acyl glucuronides are chemically instable and reactive, and in patients, these metabolites are associated with rare but serious idiosyncratic liver toxicity. This might explain why Mrp2/Mrp3/Bcrp1(-/-) mice, which have markedly elevated levels of diclofenac acyl glucuronides in their liver, display acute, albeit very mild, hepatotoxicity. We believe that the handling of diclofenac acyl glucuronides by ATP binding cassette transporters may be representative for the handling of acyl glucuronide metabolites of many other clinically relevant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurjen S Lagas
- Division Molecular Biology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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