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The Tannins from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae): A Systematic Study on the Metabolites of Rats Based on HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS 2 Analysis. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26134053. [PMID: 34279393 PMCID: PMC8271367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26134053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sanguisorba tannins are the major active ingredients in Sanguisorba ofJicinalis L. (Rosaceae), one of the most popular herbal medicines in China, is widely prescribed for hemostasis. In this study, three kinds of tannins extract from Sanguisorba officinalis L. (Rosaceae), and the metabolites in vivo and in vitro were detected and identified by high-pressure liquid chromatography, coupled with linear ion trap orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC–LTQ–Orbitrap). For in vivo assessment, the rats were administered at a single dose of 150 mg/kg, after which 12 metabolites were found in urine, 6 metabolites were found in feces, and 8 metabolites were found in bile, while metabolites were barely found in plasma and tissues. For in vitro assessment, 100 μM Sanguisorba tannins were incubated with rat liver microsomes, liver cytosol, and feces, after which nine metabolites were found in intestinal microbiota and five metabolites were found in liver microsomes and liver cytosol. Moreover, the metabolic pathways of Sanguisorba tannins were proposed, which shed light on their mechanism.
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Liu R, Meng C, Zhang Z, Ma H, Lv T, Xie S, Liu Y, Wang C. Comparative metabolism of schaftoside in healthy and calcium oxalate kidney stone rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS method. Anal Biochem 2020; 597:113673. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2020.113673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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3
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Pharmacokinetic and Metabolism Studies of Monomethyl Auristatin F via Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24152754. [PMID: 31362431 PMCID: PMC6696338 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple liquid chromatography–quadrupole-time-of-flight–mass spectrometric assay (LC-TOF-MS/MS) has been developed for the evaluation of metabolism and pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of monomethyl auristatin F (MMAF) in rat, which is being used as a payload for antibody-drug conjugates. LC-TOF-MS/MS method was qualified for the quantification of MMAF in rat plasma. The calibration curves were acceptable over the concentration range from 3.02 to 2200 ng/mL using quadratic regression. MMAF was stable in various conditions. There were no significant matrix effects between rat and other preclinical species. The PK studies showed that the bioavailability of MMAF was 0% with high clearance. Additionally, the metabolite profiling studies, in vitro/in vivo, were performed. Seven metabolites for MMAF were tentatively identified in liver microsome. The major metabolic pathway was demethylation, which was one of the metabolic pathways predicted by MedChem Designer. Therefore, these results will be helpful to understand the PK, catabolism, and metabolism behavior of MMAF comprehensively when developing antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in the future.
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Yin J, Ma Y, Liang C, Gao J, Wang H, Zhang L. A Systematic Study of the Metabolites of Dietary Acacetin in Vivo and in Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5530-5543. [PMID: 31025561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Acacetin, a dietary component, is abundant in acacia honey and has superior anticancer activities. To date, no research on the metabolism of acacetin has been reported. In the current research, an online detection strategy of ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography connected to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was utilized for metabolite identification in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes). A total of 31 metabolites were structurally characterized in rats, and 25 metabolites were detected in rat liver microsomes, among which, 4 metabolites were compared with standards. Oxidation, the loss of CH2, reduction, hydrolysis, glucuronide conjugation, sulfate conjugation, methylation, and N-acetylation were the main metabolic pathways of acacetin. This study is the first to characterize acacetin metabolites in vivo and in vitro, and the results of this study offer novel and valuable evidence for a comprehensive understanding of the safety and efficacy of acacetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Yinling Ma
- Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050051 , P.R. China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Jin Gao
- Hebei General Hospital , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050051 , P.R. China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017 , P.R. China
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5
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Liao M, Song G, Cheng X, Diao X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Simultaneous Determination of Six Coumarins in Rat Plasma and Metabolites Identification of Bergapten in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4602-4613. [PMID: 29663811 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Coumarins are abundant in Umbelliferae and Rutaceae plants possessing varied pharmacological activities. The objectives of this study are to develop and validate the method for determination of six coumarins in rat plasma by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identify the metabolites of bergapten by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS), respectively. Data-dependent acquisition mode (DDA) was applied to trigger enhanced product ion (EPI) scans by analyzing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) signals. An efficient data processing method "key product ions (KPIs)" was used for rapid detection and identification of metabolites as an assistant tool. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration ( Tmax) for the six compounds ranged from 1 to 6 h. A total of 24 metabolites of bergapten were detected in vitro and in vivo. The results could provide a basis for absorption and metabolism of coumarins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Gengshen Song
- Beijing Youcare Kechuang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd. , Yongchangbahao Tech Plaza No. 3, Yongchang North Road BDA , Beijing , 100176 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy , Hebei Medical University , 361 East Zhongshan Road , Shijiazhuang , Hebei 050017 , P. R. China
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A Metabolism-Based Synergy for Total Coumarin Extract of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae and Ligustrazine on Migraine Treatment in Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051004. [PMID: 29693578 PMCID: PMC6102536 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Radix Angelicae dahuricae, containing coumarins, which might affect cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP450) activity, has been co-administered with ligustrazine, a substrate of CYP450s, for the clinical treatment of migraine. However, whether a pharmacokinetic-based synergy exists between Radix Angelicae dahuricae and ligustrazine is still unknown. In this study, the total coumarin extract (TCE) of Radix Angelicae dahuricae (50 mg/kg, orally) reinforced the anti-migraine activity of ligustrazine by declining head scratching, plasma calcitonin gene-related peptide, and serum nitric oxide, as well as increasing plasma endothelin levels in rats (p < 0.05). Moreover, the pharmacokinetic study reflected that TCE potentiated the area under the concentration⁻time curve of ligustrazine and prolonged its mean retention time in rats (p < 0.05). Besides, the IC50 for TCE, imperatorin and isoimperatorin inhibiting ligustrazine metabolism were 5.0 ± 1.02, 1.35 ± 0.46, 4.81 ± 1.14 µg/mL in human liver microsomes, and 13.69 ± 1.11, 1.19 ± 1.09, 1.69 ± 1.17 µg/mL in rat liver microsomes, respectively. Moreover, imperatorin and isoimperatorin were CYP450s inhibitors with IC50 < 10 µM for CYP1A2, 2C9, 2D6, and 3A4. Therefore, this study concluded that Radix Angelicae dahuricae could increase ligustrazine plasma concentration and then reinforce its pharmacological effect by inhibiting its metabolism through interference with CYP450s. This could be one mechanism for the synergy between Radix Angelicae dahuricae and ligustrazine on migraine treatment.
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Liao M, Diao X, Cheng X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Nontargeted SWATH acquisition mode for metabolites identification of osthole in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RSC Adv 2018; 8:14925-14935. [PMID: 35541352 PMCID: PMC9079938 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra01221k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osthole (OST), 7-methoxy-8-isopentenoxycoumarin, is the characteristic constituent found in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. and possesses excellent pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-apoptosis and neuroprotection. In this study, a rapid and reliable method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) and MetabolitePilot2.0™ software with principal component variable grouping (PCVG) filtering was developed to observe probable metabolites of OST firstly. The high resolution mass data were acquired by data-independent acquisition mode (DIA), i.e., sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragmentation spectra (SWATH), which could significantly improved the hit rate of low-level and trace metabolites. A novel data processing method ‘key product ions (KPIs)’ were employed for metabolites rapid hunting and identification as an assistant tool. A total of 72 metabolites of OST were detected in vitro and in vivo, including 39 metabolites in rat liver microsomes (RLMs), 20 metabolites in plasma, 32 metabolites in bile, 32 metabolites in urine and 37 metabolites in feces. The results showed that mono-oxidation, demethylation, dehydrogenation, sulfate conjugation and glucuronide conjugation were major metabolic reactions of OST. More significant, oxydrolysis, 3,4-epoxide-aldehylation, phosphorylation, S-cysteine conjugation and N-acetylcysteine conjugation were considered as unique metabolic pathways of OST, and phosphorylation, S-cysteine conjugation and N-acetylcysteine conjugation reactions were characterized in rat biological samples for the first time. Preparation of active metabolites will be greatly helpful in elucidating the potential biological mechanism of OST, and the proposed metabolic pathways of it might provide further understanding of the safety and efficacy of simple coumarins. Osthole (OST), 7-methoxy-8-isopentenoxycoumarin, is the characteristic constituent found in Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cuss. and possesses excellent pharmacological activities, including anticancer, anti-apoptosis and neuroprotection.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis
- School of Pharmacy
- Hebei Medical University
- Shijiazhuang
- P. R. China
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8
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Zhang X, Yin J, Liang C, Sun Y, Zhang L. UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Method Based on Four-Step Strategy for Metabolism Study of Fisetin in Vitro and in Vivo. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10959-10972. [PMID: 29171267 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Fisetin has been identified as an anticancer agent with antiangiogenic properties in mice. However, its metabolism in vitro (rat liver microsomes) and in vivo (rats) is presently not characterized. In this study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was employed for data acquiring, and a four-step analytical strategy was developed to screen and identify metabolites. First, full-scan was applied, which was dependent on a multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS). Then PeakView 1.2 and Metabolitepilot 1.5 software were used to load data to seek possible metabolites. Finally, metabolites were identified according to mass measurement and retention time. Moreover, isomers were distinguished based on Clog P parameter. Based on the proposed method, 53 metabolites in vivo and 14 metabolites in vitro were characterized. Moreover, metabolic pathways mainly included oxidation, reduction, hydrogenation, methylation, sulfation, and glucuronidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Jintuo Yin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang 050017, P.R. China
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9
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Liao M, Cheng X, Diao X, Sun Y, Zhang L. Metabolites identificaion of two bioactive constituents in Trollius ledebourii in rats using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1068-1069:297-312. [PMID: 29127056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Orientin and vitexin, 4'-hydroxyl-2-phenylchromen-4-one, are both major flavones derivatives found in Trollius ledebourii possessing definite pharmacological activities. In this study, in vitro metabolisms investigated on rat liver microsomes (RLMs) and in vivo metabolisms explored on Male Sprague Dawley rats of orientin and vitexin were tested, respectively. A systematic method based on ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) was developed to characterize metabolites by means of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry in positive ion mode. An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to observe probable relevant metabolites. By comparison of chromatographic behaviors with reference substances, exact protonated ions, MS/MS fragment ions and relevant literature, a total of 12 metabolites of orientin and 23 metabolites of vitexin were detected, respectively, which suggested that orientin is more metabolically stable than vitexin. Oxidation, methylation, acetylation, reduction, loss of C6H10O5 and glucuronide conjugation were the major biotransformation routes of both of them in rats. More significant, glutamine conjugation, loss of CO and loss of CH2O were the unique metabolic pathways of vitexin compared with that of orientin for the first time. Besides, most metabolites were observed in rat urine and feces, implying that urine and feces were the active metabolic places for flavones. This is the first study on metabolisms of orientin and vitexin in vitro and in vivo simultaneously and the proposed metabolic pathways of them might provide further understanding of their pharmacological mechanisms and later study on their excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Liao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University,361 East Zhongshan Road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, PR China.
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Identification of metabolites of vindoline in rats using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1060:126-137. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Yuan L, Liang C, Diao X, Cheng X, Liao M, Zhang L. Metabolism studies on hydroxygenkwanin and genkwanin in human liver microsomes by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:332-341. [PMID: 28415902 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1319991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxygenkwanin (HYGN) and genkwanin (GN) are major constituents of Genkwa Flos for the treatment of edema, ascites, cough, asthma and cancer. This is a report about the investigation of the metabolic fate of HYGN and GN in human liver microsomes and the recombinant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS). An on-line data acquisition method multiple mass defect filter (MMDF) combined with dynamic background subtraction (DBS) was developed to trace all probable metabolites. Based on this analytical strategy, three phase I metabolites and seven glucuronide conjugation metabolites of HYGN, seven phase I metabolites and 12 glucuronide conjugation metabolites of GN were identified in the incubation samples of human liver microsomes. The results indicated that demethylation, hydroxylation and o-glucuronidation were main metabolic pathways of HYGN and GN. The specific UGT enzymes responsible for HYGN and GN glucuronidation metabolites were identified using recombinant UGT enzymes. The results indicated that UGT1A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A9, UGT1A10 and UGT2B7 might play major roles in the glucuronidation reactions. Overall, this study may be useful for the investigation of metabolic mechanism of HYGN and GN, and it can provide reference and evidence for further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yuan
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Caijuan Liang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Xinpeng Diao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Xiaoye Cheng
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Man Liao
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis , School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University , Shijiazhuang , PR China
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Słoczyńska K, Pańczyk K, Waszkielewicz AM, Marona H, Pękala E. In vitro mutagenic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant activities evaluation and biotransformation of some bioactive 4-substituted 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivatives. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:593-601. [PMID: 27450225 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In vitro mutagenic, antimutagenic, and antioxidant potency evaluation and biotransformation of six novel 4-substituted 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine derivatives demonstrating antidepressant-like activity were investigated. Mutagenic and antimutagenic properties were assessed using the Ames test; free radical scavenging activity was evaluated with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and biotransformation was performed with liver microsomes. It was found that all tested compounds are not mutagenic in bacterial strains TA100 and TA1535 and exhibit antimutagenic effects in the Ames test. Noteworthy, compounds possessing propyl linker between phenoxyl and N-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine displayed more pronounced antimutagenic properties than derivatives with ethoxyethyl linker. Additionally, compounds 2 and 6 in vitro biotransformation showed that primarily their hydroxylated or O-dealkylated metabolites are formed. Some of the compounds exhibited intrinsic clearance values lower than those reported previously for antidepressant imipramine. To sum up, the results of the present study might represent a valuable step in designing and planning future studies with piperazine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medycznz Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Pańczyk
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Anna M Waszkielewicz
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Henryk Marona
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, 30-688, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medycznz Street, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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Cheng JS, Chou CT, Liu YY, Sun WC, Shieh P, Kuo DH, Kuo CC, Jan CR, Liang WZ. The effect of oleuropein from olive leaf (Olea europaea) extract on Ca²⁺ homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in HepG2 human hepatoma cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 91:151-66. [PMID: 27016494 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oleuropein, a phenolic compound found in the olive leaf (Olea europaea), has been shown to have biological activities in different models. However, the effects of oleuropein on Ca(2+) homeostasis, cytotoxicity, cell cycle distribution and ROS signaling in liver cells have not been analyzed. Oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises only in HepG2 cells but not in AML12, HA22T or HA59T cells due to the different status of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase expression. In HepG2 cells, this Ca(2+) signaling response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca(2+), and was inhibited by the store-operated Ca(2+) channel blockers 2-APB and SKF96365. In Ca(2+)-free medium, pretreatment with the ER Ca(2+) pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished oleuropein-induced [Ca(2+)]i rises. Oleuropein induced cell cycle arrest which was associated with the regulation of p53, p21, CDK1 and cyclin B1 levels. Furthermore, oleuropein elevated intracellular ROS levels but reduced GSH levels. Treatment with the intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA-AM or the antioxidant NAC partially reversed oleuropein-induced cytotoxicity. Together, in HepG2 cells, oleuropein induced [Ca(2+)]i rises by releasing Ca(2+) from the ER and causing Ca(2+) influx through store-operated Ca(2+) channels. Moreover, oleuropein induced Ca(2+)-associated cytotoxicity that involved ROS signaling and cell cycle arrest. This compound may offer a potential therapy for treatment of human hepatoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Shiung Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Chiang-Ting Chou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan; Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Research Center, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi 613, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Yuarn Liu
- Division of Trauma, Department of Emergency, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Sun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Pochuen Shieh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Daih-Huang Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chi Kuo
- Department of Nursing, Tzu Hui Institute of Technology, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan.
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Jia P, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Yang H, Shi H, Zhang X, Zhang L. Metabolism studies on prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in human liver microsomes by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1498-505. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy; Eye Hospital of Hebei Province; Xingtai Hebei People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Yupeng Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - He Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
| | - Lantong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy; Hebei Medical University; Shijiazhuang People's Republic of China
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15
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Lou Y, Zheng J, Wang B, Zhang X, Zhang X, Zeng S. Metabolites characterization of chamaechromone in vivo and in vitro by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Xevo G2 quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 151:242-252. [PMID: 24189033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Stellera chamaejasme L. (Thymelaeaceae) was a toxic perennial herb and widely used as pesticide and dermatological agents in China. Chamaechromone was a major component in the dried roots of Stellera chamaejasme with anti-HBV and insecticidal activity. Analysis of metabolic profile in vivo and in vitro plays a pivotal role to unravel how TCM works. And the metabolites of chamaechromone might influence the effects and toxicity of Stellera chamaejasme. Moreover, the metabolic routes of chamaechromone provide an important basis for toxicological safety evaluation. Until now, little is known about the metabolism of chamaechromone. The current study was designed to characterize the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four rats were randomly divided into four groups, including two oral administration groups (100mgkg(-1)), one intravenous injection group (5 mgkg(-1)), and one control group. The metabolites in rat urine and feces and bile were identified by UPLC/Q-TOF MS analysis and β-glucuronidase hydrolysis. Moreover, the possible metabolic mechanism was further confirmed by Phase I and Phase II metabolism and catechol-O-methyltransferase methylation in rat liver S9 fraction and degradation in rat intestinal bacteria. RESULTS A total of 24 metabolites from chamaechromone were detected and identified in vivo and in vitro, 20 of which were novel. And the major metabolic processes were hydroxylation, methylation, glucuronation, acetylation, dehydroxylation and degradation. CONCLUSIONS The present study revealed the whole metabolic pathways of chamaechromone in rat through both in vitro and in vivo experiments for the first time. And chamaechromone could undergo extensive phase I and phase II metabolism in rat. These findings would provide an important basis for the further study and clinical application of chamaechromone. In addition, the results of this work have showed the feasibility of the UPLC/Q-TOF-MS approach for rapid and reliable characterization of metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University; The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinqi Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Hangzhou 310004, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 79 QingChun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University.
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16
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Siddiqui MA, Ahmad J, Farshori NN, Saquib Q, Jahan S, Kashyap MP, Ahamed M, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA. Rotenone-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in human liver HepG2 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2013; 384:59-69. [PMID: 23963993 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-013-1781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, a commonly used pesticide, is well documented to induce selective degeneration in dopaminergic neurons and motor dysfunction. Such rotenone-induced neurodegenration has been primarily suggested through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. But the status of rotenone induced changes in liver, the major metabolic site is poorly investigated. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to study the oxidative stress-induced cytotoxicity and apoptotic cell death in human liver cells-HepG2 receiving experimental exposure of rotenone (12.5-250 μM) for 24 h. Rotenone depicted a dose-dependent cytotoxic response in HepG2 cells. These cytotoxic responses were in concurrence with the markers associated with oxidative stress such as an increase in ROS generation and lipid peroxidation as well as a decrease in the glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase levels. The decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential also confirms the impaired mitochondrial activity. The events of cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were found to be associated with up-regulation in the expressions (mRNA and protein) of pro-apoptotic markers viz., p53, Bax, and caspase-3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic marker Bcl-2. The data obtain in this study indicate that rotenone-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells via ROS-induced oxidative stress and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis involving p53, Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Siddiqui
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia,
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17
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The interaction between human breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and five bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. Int J Pharm 2013; 453:371-9. [PMID: 23742976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BCRP is one of the key factors to drug absorption, distribution and elimination. Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids are a large family of natural phytochemicals with great potential for clinical use. In this study, the interaction between BCRP and five bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (neferine, isoliensinine, liensinine, dauricine and tetrandrine) were evaluated using LLC-PK1/BCRP cell model. The intracellular accumulation and bi-directional transport studies were conducted, and then molecular docking analysis was carried out employing a homology model of BCRP. Our study revealed that the permeability of these five alkaloids was not high, the Papp values were all less than 6.5 × 10(-6)cm/s. Liensinine and dauricine were substrates of BCRP: at lower concentration (10 μM), the net efflux ratios were 2.87 and 1.64 respectively. And their cellular accumulation was lower in LLC-PK1/BCRP cells than in LLC-PK1 cells. On the other hand, tetrandrine, isoliensinine and neferine were not substrates of BCRP. On the basis of docking studies, a direct hydrogen bond was formed between liensinine and arginine 482 which is a hot spot of BCRP for substrate specificity; and dauricine had hydrophobic interaction with BCRP. In conclusion, our study indicated that BCRP could mediate the excretion of liensinine and dauricine, thus influence their pharmacological activity and disposition.
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Zhou H, Shi R, Ma B, Ma Y, Wang C, Wu D, Wang X, Cheng N. CYP450 1A2 and multiple UGT1A isoforms are responsible for jatrorrhizine metabolism in human liver microsomes. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2013; 34:176-85. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | | | - Bingliang Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Dazheng Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai; China
| | - Nengneng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; Shanghai; China
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19
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Shi R, Zhou H, Ma B, Ma Y, Wu D, Wang X, Luo H, Cheng N. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of jatrorrhizine, a gastric prokinetic drug candidate. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2012; 33:135-45. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Revised: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Shi
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Bingliang Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Yueming Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmacokinetics; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Dazheng Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Xinhong Wang
- Department of Chemistry; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; 1200 Cailun Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Hongfeng Luo
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica; Chinese Academy of Sciences; 555 Zuchongzhi Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
| | - Nengneng Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy; Fudan University; 826 Zhangheng Road; Shanghai; 201203; China
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Lou Y, Hu H, Liu Y, Yu Q, Li L, Ping L, Yu L, Jiang H, Zeng S. Determination of chamaechromone in rat plasma by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry: Application to pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 55:1163-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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