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Won JM, Choi HG, Park SY, Kim JH, Kim SH. Effects of Hyperlipidemia on the Pharmacokinetics of Tofacitinib, a JAK 1/3 Inhibitor, in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2195. [PMID: 37765165 PMCID: PMC10534486 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tofacitinib, an inhibitor of Janus kinases (JAKs) 1 and 3, has been shown to be effective in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The incidence of hyperlipidemia has been found to be higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The present study therefore investigated the pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib after its intravenous (10 mg/kg) or oral (20 mg/kg) administration in poloxamer-407-induced hyperlipidemic (PHL) rats. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve from zero to infinity (AUC0-∞) after intravenous administration of tofacitinib was 73.5% higher in PHL than in control rats, owing to slower time-averaged nonrenal clearance (CLNR) in the former. Evaluation of in vitro metabolism showed that the intrinsic clearance (CLint) of tofacitinib was 38.6% lower in PHL than in control rats, owing to the decreased protein expression of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A1/2 and CYP2C11 in PHL rats. Similar results were observed in PHL rats after oral administration of tofacitinib. These results were likely due to the decreased CLNR, CLint, and P-glycoprotein (P-gp) expression in the intestines of PHL compared to control rats. Overall, these findings indicated that hyperlipidemia slowed the metabolism of tofacitinib, increasing its plasma concentrations, and that this reduced metabolism was due to alterations in expression of the proteins CYP3A1/2, CYP2C11, and P-gp in the liver and/or intestines of PHL rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mun Won
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Gyeom Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biohealth Regulatory Science, Graduate School of Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
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Xu H, Zhou W, Zhan L, Bi T, Lu X. Liver mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteomics for studying the effects of ZiBuPiYin recipe on Zucker diabetic fatty rats after chronic psychological stress. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:995732. [PMID: 36407109 PMCID: PMC9669571 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.995732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disease with multiple etiologies, involving both genetic and environmental factors. With changes associated with modern life, increasing attention has been paid to chronic psychological stressors such as work stress. Chronic psychological stress can induce or aggravate diabetes mellitus, and conversely, with the deterioration of T2DM, patients often experience different degrees of depression, anxiety, and other negative emotions. In order to clarify the role of ZiBuPiYin recipe (ZBPYR) in regulating the liver mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane proteome to improve T2DM with chronic psychological stress, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified among Zucker lean littermates (control group), chronic psychological stress T2DM rats (model group), and ZBPYR administration rats (ZBPYR group) through iTRAQ with LC-MS/MS. Using Mfuzz soft clustering analysis, DEPs were divided into six different clusters. Clusters 1–6 contained 5, 68, 44, 57, 28, and 32 DEPs, respectively. Given that ZBPYR can alleviate T2DM symptoms and affect exploratory behavior during T2DM with chronic psychological stress, we focused on the clusters with opposite expression trends between model:control and ZBPYR:model groups. We screened out the DEPs in clusters 1, 3, and 4, which may be good candidates for the prevention and treatment of T2DM with chronic psychological stress, and further conducted bioinformatics analyses. DEPs were mainly involved in the insulin signaling pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid metabolism, lysosome-related processes, and lipid metabolism. This may indicate the pathogenic basis of T2DM with chronic psychological stress and the potential therapeutic mechanism of ZBPYR. In addition, two key proteins, lysosome-associated protein (Lamp2) and tricarboxylic acid cycle-related protein (Suclg1), may represent novel biomarkers for T2DM with chronic psychological stress and drug targets of ZBPYR. Western blot analyses also showed similar expression patterns of these two proteins in liver MAMs of the model and ZBPYR groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Xu
- Modern Research Laboratory of Spleen Visceral Manifestations Theory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Modern Research Laboratory of Spleen Visceral Manifestations Theory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Libin Zhan
- Center for Innovative Engineering Technology in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Libin Zhan, ; Xiaoguang Lu,
| | - Tingting Bi
- Modern Research Laboratory of Spleen Visceral Manifestations Theory, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Libin Zhan, ; Xiaoguang Lu,
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3
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Lactobacillus rhamnosus induces CYP3A and changes the pharmacokinetics of verapamil in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 352:46-53. [PMID: 34600097 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Verapamil, a calcium channel blocker, has been approved as the first-line drug for treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and supraventricular tachycardia. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, one of the normal strains in human intestinal tract, is very popular in the probiotic market for conferring a health benefit on the host. This report investigated the potential of gut microbiota-drug interactions between lactobacillus rhamnosus and verapamil via using wild type (WT) and Cyp3a1/2 knockout (KO) rats. In WT rats, administration of Lactobacillus rhamnosus for 14 days decreased systemic exposure of verapamil and increased its metabolite norverapamil in vivo, and resulted in gut microbiota-drug interactions. In Cyp3a1/2 KO rats, however, this interaction disappeared. Further studies found that Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced CYP3A activity and expression, and changed the composition of gut microbiota, thus changing the pharmacokinetics of verapamil. These results demonstrated the interaction between lactobacillus rhamnosus and verapamil, and indicated that the effect of gut microbiota on metabolic enzymes cannot be ignored.
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Mashayekhi-Sardoo H, Mohammadpour AH, Mehri S, Kamali H, Sahebkar A, Imenshahidi M. Diabetes mellitus aggravates ranolazine-induced ECG changes in rats. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:379-388. [PMID: 34155553 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-01016-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs. In this study, we evaluated the effect of DM on the liver content of CYP 3A2 enzyme. We also explored the ECG changes after administration of ranolazine in non-DM and DM rats. METHODS First phase: 24 male Wistar rats were separated into 4 groups. The control group (n = 6) received normal saline and the DM groups (n = 18) were treated with a single dose (55 mg/kg) of streptozocin (STZ; i.p. injection), then were held for 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. After study duration for each group, the liver CYP 3A2 protein content was determined using western blotting. Second phase: 48 male Wistar rats were classified into two groups of non-DM and DM; and each group was divided into 4 subgroups (n: 6). Experimental groups received oral doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg ranolazine. DM and non-DM control groups received normal saline. Treatment lasted for 28 days, and then the ECG was recorded. RESULTS Experimental DM induced by STZ caused a significant decrement in liver CYP3A2 protein content of rats on days 10 and 20 (P < 0.01), and 30 (P < 0.05) compared to the control animals. Significant increases in QT and corrected QT (QTc) intervals (P < 0.01), and bradycardia (P < 0.01) without any significant effect on PR and QRS intervals were observed in DM in comparison with non-DM groups after ranolazine treatment. CONCLUSIONS In summary, DM induction in animals resulted in CYP 3A2 inhibition and the prolongation of QT and QTc interval as well as bradycardia after ranolazine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibeh Mashayekhi-Sardoo
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Hooshang Mohammadpour
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soghra Mehri
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kamali
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohsen Imenshahidi
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. .,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Darakjian L, Deodhar M, Turgeon J, Michaud V. Chronic Inflammatory Status Observed in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Induces Modulation of Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094967. [PMID: 34067027 PMCID: PMC8124164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes a hyperglycemic status which leads, over time, to serious damage to the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. The most frequent form of diabetes is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which is often part of a metabolic syndrome (hyperglycaemia, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, abdominal obesity) that usually requires the use of several medications from different drug classes to bring each of these conditions under control. T2DM is associated with an increase in inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Higher levels of IL-6 and TNF-α are associated with a downregulation of several drug metabolizing enzymes, especially the cytochrome P450 (P450) isoforms CYP3As and CYP2C19. A decrease in these P450 isoenzymes may lead to unexpected rise in plasma levels of substrates of these enzymes. It could also give rise to a mismatch between the genotypes determined for these enzymes, the predicted phenotypes based on these genotypes and the phenotypes observed clinically. This phenomenon is described as phenoconversion. Phenoconversion typically results from either a disease (such as T2DM) or concomitant administration of medications inducing or inhibiting (including competitive or non-competitive inhibition) a P450 isoenzyme used by other substrates for their elimination. Phenoconversion could have a significant impact on drug effects and genotypic-focused clinical outcomes. As the aging population is exposed to polypharmacy along with inflammatory comorbidities, consideration of phenoconversion related to drug metabolizing enzymes is of importance when applying pharmacogenomic results and establishing personalized and more precise drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Darakjian
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Malavika Deodhar
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
| | - Jacques Turgeon
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Veronique Michaud
- Tabula Rasa HealthCare, Precision Pharmacotherapy Research and Development Institute, Orlando, FL 32827, USA; (L.D.); (M.D.); (J.T.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-454-9964
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Hefnawy M, Al-Majed A, Alrabiah H, Algrain N, Mohammed M, Jardan YB. Rapid and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the enantioanalysis of verapamil in rat plasma using superficially porous silica isopropyl-cyclofructan 6 chiral stationary phase after SPE: Application to a stereoselective pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 201:114108. [PMID: 33962179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the rapid and sensitive enantioselective analysis of verapamil (VER) in rat plasma was developed and validated using new superficially porous silica isopropyl-cyclofructan 6 chiral column (LarihcShell-P, LSP). The isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile: trifluoroacetic acid: 10 mM ammonium formate (100 : 0.1 : 0.1, v/v/v) at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min was applied. Sulpride was utilized as the internal standard (IS). Positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode was used for mass spectrometry analysis, and the process of analysis was run for 5.2 min. The (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-VER enantiomers with the IS were extracted from plasma by using solid-phase extraction (SPE) procedure before the analysis. The C18 cartridge gave good recovery rates for both enantiomers without interference from plasma endogenous. The developed assay was successfully validated following the US-FDA guidelines. The method was linear over concentration ranges of 0.5-500 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.997) for each enantiomer (plasma). The lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) for both isomers were 0.5 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSD) were less than 8.7 % and the recoveries of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-VER at three spiked levels of 1.5, 250.0 and 450.0 ranged from 92.0%-98.6%. The developed assay was effectively applied in monitoring the stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of VER enantiomers in rat plasma following oral administration of racemic VER. The pharmacokinetic parameters revealed that (S)-(-)-VER demonstrated prominently higher Cmax and AUC values than (R)-(+)-enantiomer. The newly developed approach is the first chiral LC-MS/MS for the quantification of (S)-(-)- and (R)-(+)-VER utilizing superficially porous silica isopropyl-cyclofructan 6 chiral column in rat plasma after SPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Abdulrhman Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haitham Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser Algrain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; National Organization for Drug Control and Research, P.O. Box 29, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yousef Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
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7
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Mohammed MS, Hefnawy MM, Al-Majed AA, Alrabiah HK, Algrain NA, Obaidullah AJ, Altamimi AS, Bin Jardan YA, Al-Hossaini AM. Development and Validation of a Chiral Liquid Chromatographic Assay for Enantiomeric Separation and Quantification of Verapamil in Rat Plasma: Stereoselective Pharmacokinetic Application. Molecules 2021; 26:2091. [PMID: 33917412 PMCID: PMC8038655 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel, fast and sensitive enantioselective HPLC assay with a new core-shell isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 (superficially porous particle, SPP) chiral column (LarihcShell-P, LSP) was developed and validated for the enantiomeric separation and quantification of verapamil (VER) in rat plasma. The polar organic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile/methanol/trifluoroacetic acid/triethylamine (98:2:0.05: 0.025, v/v/v/v) and a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min was applied. Fluorescence detection set at excitation/emission wavelengths 280/313 nm was used and the whole analysis process was within 3.5 min, which is 10-fold lower than the previous reported HPLC methods in the literature. Propranolol was selected as the internal standard. The S-(-)- and R-(+)-VER enantiomers with the IS were extracted from rat plasma by utilizing Waters Oasis HLB C18 solid phase extraction cartridges without interference from endogenous compounds. The developed assay was validated following the US-FDA guidelines over the concentration range of 1-450 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.997) for each enantiomer (plasma) and the lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for both isomers. The intra- and inter-day precisions were not more than 11.6% and the recoveries of S-(-)- and R-(+)-VER at all quality control levels ranged from 92.3% to 98.2%. The developed approach was successfully applied to the stereoselective pharmacokinetic study of VER enantiomers after oral administration of 10 mg/kg racemic VER to Wistar rats. It was found that S-(-)-VER established higher Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) values than the R-(+)-enantiomer. The newly developed approach is the first chiral HPLC for the enantiomeric separation and quantification of verapamil utilizing a core-shell isopropyl carbamate cyclofructan 6 chiral column in rat plasma within 3.5 min after solid phase extraction (SPE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa S. Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
- National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo P.O. Box 29, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Hefnawy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Abdulrhman A. Al-Majed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Haitham K. Alrabiah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Nasser A. Algrain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Ahmad J. Obaidullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
| | - Abdulmalik S. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef A. Bin Jardan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Hossaini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (M.S.M.); (A.A.A.-M.); (H.K.A.); (N.A.A.); (A.J.O.); (A.M.A.-H.)
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8
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Hu N, Liu X, Mu Q, Yu M, Wang H, Jiang Y, Chen R, Wang L. The gut microbiota contributes to the modulation of intestinal CYP3A1 and P-gp in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 162:105833. [PMID: 33826935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic and intestinal CYP3A and P-gp in diabetic rats exhibit opposite expression patterns. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, CYP3A1 and P-gp protein and mRNA expression levels in liver and different intestinal segments (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) were compared between diabetic and normal rats. The microbiota in the ileum and colon contents was analyzed via 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Caco-2 cells were incubated with serum or culture supernatant of colon contents from diabetic and normal rats, and CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA levels were measured. Compared with that in normal rats, hepatic CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression in diabetic rats was increased. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein was not changed in the duodenum and jejunum but significantly decreased by 29-41% in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats. Cyp3a1 and Abcb1a mRNA expression results were similar to the protein expression results. The composition of some bacteria changed significantly in the ileum and colon of diabetic rats compared with normal rats. CYP3A1 and P-gp protein expression was positively correlated with Lachnoclostridium and unclassified_f_Ruminococcaceae but negatively correlated with Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Turicibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 and several genera belonging to the family Prevotellaceae. In addition, in vitro cell culture experiments showed that serum from diabetic rats significantly induced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression, while the supernatant of colon contents of diabetic rats significantly reduced CYP3A4 and ABCB1 mRNA expression by 45% and 86% respectively in Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, diabetes exhibited synchronous and regional effects on CYP3A and P-gp expression in the intestinal tract, in which gut microbiota dysbiosis might play an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China.
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China; Department of Pharmacy and Medicine Pharmacy, Jiangsu College of Nursing, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, 223005, China
| | - Qinfeng Mu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Miaomei Yu
- Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
| | - Liying Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 185 Juqian Street, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213003, China
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9
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Gour A, Dogra A, Sharma S, Wazir P, Nandi U. Effect of Disease State on the Pharmacokinetics of Bedaquiline in Renal-Impaired and Diabetic Rats. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:6934-6941. [PMID: 33748607 PMCID: PMC7970569 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c06165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Bedaquiline (TMC-207) is a key anti-tubercular drug to fight against multidrug resistance tuberculosis. Little information is available till date on the impact of any disease state toward its pharmacokinetic behavior. The present research work aimed to investigate the effect of renal impairment and diabetes mellitus on the oral pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline in the rat model. Renal impairment and diabetes mellitus were induced in the Wistar rat model separately using cisplatin and streptozotocin, respectively, and thereafter, an oral pharmacokinetic study of bedaquiline was carried out in the individual disease models as well as in the normal rat model. Pharmacokinetic parameters of bedaquiline were not altered markedly in cisplatin-induced renal-impaired rats compared to normal rats except an area under the curve (AUC) for plasma concentration of bedaquiline in the experimental time frame (AUC0-t ) reduced to 3477 ± 228 from 4984 ± 1174 ng h/mL, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of bedaquiline (259 ± 77 ng/mL), AUC0-t (3112 ± 1046 ng h/mL), and AUC0-∞ (3673 ± 1493 ng h/mL) were significantly reduced along with an increase in the clearance of bedaquiline (3.1 ± 1.1 L/h/kg) in the case of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats compared to respective pharmacokinetic parameters of bedaquiline (482 ± 170 ng/mL, 4984 ± 1174 ng h/mL, and 6137 ± 1542 ng h/mL) in the normal rats. Preclinical findings suggest that dose adjustment of bedaquiline is required in the diabetes mellitus condition to prevent the therapeutic failure of bedaquiline treatment, but clinical exploration is needed to establish the fact. It is the first report for the consequence of renal impairment and diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics of bedaquiline in the preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Gour
- PK-PD,
Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Ashish Dogra
- PK-PD,
Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
| | - Sumit Sharma
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
- Medicinal
Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute
of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Priya Wazir
- PK-PD,
Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- PK-PD,
Toxicology and Formulation Division, CSIR-Indian
Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir 180001, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh 201 002, India
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10
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Wang B, Lu Y, Hu X, Feng J, Shen W, Wang R, Wang H. Systematic Strategy for Metabolites of Amentoflavone In Vivo and In Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14808-14823. [PMID: 33322906 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c04532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amentoflavone, a biflavonoid occurring in many edible supplements, possesses some bioactivities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, antitumor, and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, an ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) method, combined with a three-step analytical strategy, was employed to identify metabolites in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine, and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and rat intestine microsomes). A total of 39 metabolites in rats and nine metabolites in rat microsomes were elucidated by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS analysis, and the chemical structure of some isomers was further assigned by calculated Clog P values. Oxidation, internal hydrolysis, hydrogenation, methylation, sulfation, glucuronidation, glucosylation, O-aminomethylation, and degradation were the major metabolic pathways of amentoflavone. Noteworthy, O-aminomethylation and glucosylation could be considered as unique metabolic pathways of amentoflavone. This was the first report on metabolite identification of amentoflavone in vivo and in vitro, and the metabolic findings offer novel and valuable evidence for an in-depth understanding of the safety and efficacy of amentoflavone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Quality Control and Safety Evaluation of TCM, Nanchang Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanchang 330012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yimeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiahao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of TCM Pharmaceuticals, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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11
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Yang Y, Liu X. Imbalance of Drug Transporter-CYP450s Interplay by Diabetes and Its Clinical Significance. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E348. [PMID: 32290519 PMCID: PMC7238081 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetics of a drug is dependent upon the coordinate work of influx transporters, enzymes and efflux transporters (i.e., transporter-enzyme interplay). The transporter-enzyme interplay may occur in liver, kidney and intestine. The influx transporters involving drug transport are organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs), peptide transporters (PepTs), organic anion transporters (OATs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and organic cation transporters (OCTs). The efflux transporters are P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug/toxin extrusions (MATEs), multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The enzymes related to drug metabolism are mainly cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that diabetes alters the expression and functions of CYP450s and transporters in a different manner, disordering the transporter-enzyme interplay, in turn affecting the pharmacokinetics of some drugs. We aimed to focus on (1) the imbalance of transporter-CYP450 interplay in the liver, intestine and kidney due to altered expressions of influx transporters (OATPs, OCTs, OATs, PepTs and MCT6), efflux transporters (P-gp, BCRP and MRP2) and CYP450s (CYP3As, CYP1A2, CYP2E1 and CYP2Cs) under diabetic status; (2) the net contributions of these alterations in the expression and functions of transporters and CYP450s to drug disposition, therapeutic efficacy and drug toxicity; (3) application of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model in transporter-enzyme interplay.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China;
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12
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Zhang J, Xie Q, Kong W, Wang Z, Wang S, Zhao K, Chen Y, Liu X, Liu L. Short-chain fatty acids oppositely altered expressions and functions of intestinal cytochrome P4503A and P-glycoprotein and affected pharmacokinetics of verapamil following oral administration to rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2019; 72:448-460. [PMID: 31863502 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate effects of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) on expressions and functions of intestinal cytochrome P4503A (Cyp3a) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). To develop a semi-physiologically based pharmacokinetic (semi-PBPK) model for assessing their contributions. METHODS Verapamil pharmacokinetics was investigated following oral administration to rats receiving water containing 150 mm SCFAs for 3 weeks. Cyp3a activities in intestinal and liver mircosomes were assessed by norverapamil formation. In-situ single-pass perfusion was used to evaluate intestinal transport of verapamil and P-gp function. Functions and expressions of Cyp3a and P-gp were measured in mouse primary enterocytes following 48-h exposure to SCFAs. Contributions of intestinal P-gp and Cyp3a to verapamil pharmacokinetics were assessed using a semi-PBPK model. KEY FINDINGS Short-chain fatty acids significantly increased oral plasma exposures of verapamil and norverapamil. SCFAs upregulated Cyp3a activity and expression, but downregulated P-gp function and expression in rat intestine, which were repeated in mouse primary enterocytes. PBPK simulation demonstrated contribution of intestinal Cyp3a to oral plasma verapamil exposure was minor, and the increased oral plasma verapamil exposure was mainly attributed to downregulation of intestinal P-gp. CONCLUSIONS Short-chain fatty acids oppositely regulated functions and expressions of intestinal Cyp3a and P-gp. The downregulation of P-gp mainly contributed to the increased oral plasma verapamil exposure by SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiushi Xie
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuting Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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13
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Li Y, Meng Q, Yang M, Liu D, Hou X, Tang L, Wang X, Lyu Y, Chen X, Liu K, Yu AM, Zuo Z, Bi H. Current trends in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1113-1144. [PMID: 31867160 PMCID: PMC6900561 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) processes of a drug. Understanding PK properties is essential for drug development and precision medication. In this review we provided an overview of recent research on PK with focus on the following aspects: (1) an update on drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in the determination of PK, as well as advances in xenobiotic receptors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the modulation of PK, providing new understanding of the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that result in inter-individual variations in pharmacotherapy; (2) current status and trends in assessing drug-drug interactions, especially interactions between drugs and herbs, between drugs and therapeutic biologics, and microbiota-mediated interactions; (3) advances in understanding the effects of diseases on PK, particularly changes in metabolizing enzymes and transporters with disease progression; (4) trends in mathematical modeling including physiologically-based PK modeling and novel animal models such as CRISPR/Cas9-based animal models for DMPK studies; (5) emerging non-classical xenobiotic metabolic pathways and the involvement of novel metabolic enzymes, especially non-P450s. Existing challenges and perspectives on future directions are discussed, and may stimulate the development of new research models, technologies, and strategies towards the development of better drugs and improved clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qiang Meng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Mengbi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dongyang Liu
- Drug Clinical Trial Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lan Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Yuanfeng Lyu
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kexin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Ai-Ming Yu
- UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Zhong Zuo
- School of Pharmacy, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huichang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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14
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Wang Z, Yang H, Xu J, Zhao K, Chen Y, Liang L, Li P, Chen N, Geng D, Zhang X, Liu X, Liu L. Prediction of Atorvastatin Pharmacokinetics in High-Fat Diet and Low-Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats Using a Semiphysiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model Involving Both Enzymes and Transporters. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:1066-1079. [PMID: 31399507 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.085902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atorvastatin is a substrate of cytochrome P450 3a (CYP3a), organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs), breast cancer-resistance protein (BCRP), and P-glycoprotein (P-gp). We aimed to develop a semiphysiologically based pharmacokinetic (semi-PBPK) model involving both enzyme and transporters for predicting the contributions of altered function and expression of CYP3a and transporters to atorvastatin transport in diabetic rats by combining high-fat diet feeding and low-dose streptozotocin injection. Atorvastatin metabolism and transport parameters comes from in situ intestinal perfusion, primary hepatocytes, and intestinal or hepatic microsomes. We estimated the expressions and functions of these proteins and their contributions. Diabetes increased the expression of hepatic CYP3a, OATP1b2, and P-gp but decreased the expression of intestinal CYP3a, OATP1a5, and P-gp. The expression and function of intestinal BCRP were significantly decreased in 10-day diabetic rats but increased in 22-day diabetic rats. Based on alterations in CYP3a and transporters by diabetes, the developed semi-PBPK model was successfully used to predict atorvastatin pharmacokinetics after oral and intravenous doses to rats. Contributions to oral atorvastatin PK were intestinal OATP1a5 < intestinal P-gp < intestinal CYP3a < hepatic CYP3a < hepatic OATP1b2 < intestinal BRCP. Contributions of decreased expression and function of intestinal CYP3a and P-gp by diabetes to oral atorvastatin plasma exposure were almost attenuated by increased expression and function of hepatic CYP3a and OATP1b2. Opposite alterations in oral plasma atorvastatin exposure in 10- and 22-day diabetic rats may be explained by altered intestinal BCRP. In conclusion, the altered atorvastatin pharmacokinetics by diabetes was the synergistic effects of altered intestinal or hepatic CYP3a and transporters and could be predicted using the developed semi-PBPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiong Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Limin Liang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Donghao Geng
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangping Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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15
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Characteristics of β-oxidative and reductive metabolism on the acyl side chain of cinnamic acid and its analogues in rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:1106-1118. [PMID: 30792487 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0218-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cinnamic acid and its analogues (pyragrel and ozagrel) undergo chain-shortened (β-oxidative) and reductive metabolism on acyl side chain. In this study, we characterized the β-oxidative and reductive metabolism on acyl side chain of cinnamic acid and its analogues using primary rat hepatocytes, hepatic mitochondrial, and microsomal systems. A compartmental model including parent compounds and metabolites was developed to characterize in vivo β-oxidative and reductive metabolism following an intravenous dose of parent compounds to rats. The fitted total in vivo clearance values were further compared with the in vitro values predicted by the well-stirred model. We showed that hepatic microsomal CYP450s did not catalyze β-oxidative or reductive metabolism of the three compounds. Similar to β-oxidation of fatty acids, β-oxidative metabolism on their acyl side chain occurred mainly in mitochondria, which was highly dependent on ATP, CoA and NAD+. Fatty acids and NADH inhibited the β-oxidative metabolism. Reductive metabolism occurred in both mitochondria and microsomes. Reduction in mitochondria was ATP-, CoA-, and NAD(P)H-dependent and reversible, which was suppressed by enoyl reductase inhibitor triclosan. Reduction in microsomes was ATP-, CoA-, and NADPH-dependent but little affected by triclosan. Both plasma concentrations of β-oxidative metabolites and reductive metabolites were successfully fitted using the compartmental model. The estimated total in vivo clearance values were consistent with those predicted from hepatocytes and organelles, implicating significance of in vitro kinetics. These findings demonstrate the roles of hepatic mitochondria and microsomes in β-oxidative and reductive metabolism on acyl side chain of cinnamic acid and its analogues along with their metabolic characteristics.
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16
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Chen J, Li M, Qu D, Sun Y. Neuroprotective Effects of Red Ginseng Saponins in Scopolamine-Treated Rats and Activity Screening Based on Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24112136. [PMID: 31174251 PMCID: PMC6600263 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24112136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has been used to alleviate age-related dementia and memory deterioration for thousands of years. This study investigated the protective effect of red ginseng saponins against scopolamine-induced cerebral injury. Meanwhile, pharmacokinetics of ginsenosides in normal and scopolamine-treated rats were compared. After scopolamine injection, glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were significantly decreased when compared with control group. Compared with SA group, pretreatment of rats with red ginseng saponins could increase glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase level. Treatment with red ginseng saponins significantly decreased malondialdehyde level. In the pharmacokinetic analysis, a pattern recognition analysis method was used to investigate the pharmacokinetics of the absorbed compounds in blood. The pharmacokinetic parameters of Rg1, Rg2, Rh3, Rg5 and Rk1 in model group had higher area under the curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) values; area under the curve (AUC) values and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of model group was significantly different from that of normal group (p < 0.05). The Cmax value of Rk3, Rh1, Rh2 and Rh4 in model group was higher than normal group, but their AUC values were not significantly different. There was no significantly difference in time at Cmax (Tmax), AUC and Cmax values of Rb1, Rb2 Re, Rc, Rd and Rf between the model and normal group. 16 ginsenosides were grouped into three separate clusters according to principal component analysis (PCA) score plot based on pharmacokinetic data. The results suggested red ginseng saponins have significant protective effect against scopolamine-induced memory deficit and scopolamine-induced rats could lead to the changes of pharmacokinetic behaviors of ginsenosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbo Chen
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Meijia Li
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Di Qu
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
| | - Yinshi Sun
- Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changchun 130112, China.
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17
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Xu F, Zhu L, Qian C, Zhou J, Geng D, Li P, Xuan W, Wu F, Zhao K, Kong W, Qin Y, Liang L, Liu L, Liu X. Impairment of Intestinal Monocarboxylate Transporter 6 Function and Expression in Diabetic Rats Induced by Combination of High-Fat Diet and Low Dose of Streptozocin: Involvement of Butyrate-Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor- γ Activation. Drug Metab Dispos 2019; 47:556-566. [PMID: 30923035 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.085803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, diabetes remarkably alters the expression and function of intestinal drug transporters. Nateglinide and bumetanide are substrates of monocarboxylate transporter 6 (MCT6). We investigated whether diabetes down-regulated the function and expression of intestinal MCT6 and the possible mechanism in diabetic rats induced by a combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozocin. Our results indicated that diabetes significantly decreased the oral plasma exposure of nateglinide. The plasma peak concentration and area under curve in diabetic rats were 16.9% and 28.2% of control rats, respectively. Diabetes significantly decreased the protein and mRNA expressions of intestinal MCT6 and oligopeptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) but up-regulated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) protein level. Single-pass intestinal perfusion demonstrated that diabetes prominently decreased the absorption of nateglinide and bumetanide. The MCT6 inhibitor bumetanide, but not PEPT1 inhibitor glycylsarcosine, significantly inhibited intestinal absorption of nateglinide in rats. Coadministration with bumetanide remarkably decreased the oral plasma exposure of nateglinide in rats. High concentrations of butyrate were detected in the intestine of diabetic rats. In Caco-2 cells (a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line), bumetanide and MCT6 knockdown remarkably inhibited the uptake of nateglinide. Butyrate down-regulated the function and expression of MCT6 in a concentration-dependent manner but increased PPARγ expression. The decreased expressions of MCT6 by PPARγ agonist troglitazone or butyrate were reversed by both PPARγ knockdown and PPARγ antagonist 2-chloro-5-nitro-N-phenylbenzamide (GW9662). Four weeks of butyrate treatment significantly decreased the oral plasma concentrations of nateglinide in rats, accompanied by significantly higher intestinal PPARγ and lower MCT6 protein levels. In conclusion, diabetes impaired the expression and function of intestinal MCT6 partly via butyrate-mediated PPARγ activation, decreasing the oral plasma exposure of nateglinide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Qian
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhou
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghao Geng
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xuan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangge Wu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weimin Kong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Limin Liang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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18
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Glowacki LL, Hodges LD, Wynne PM, Wright PFA, Kalafatis N, Macrides TA. LC-MSMS characterisations of scymnol and oxoscymnol biotransformations in incubation mixtures of rat liver microsomes. Biochimie 2019; 160:130-140. [PMID: 30844411 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The bile alcohol 5β-scymnol ([24R]-(+)-5β-cholestan-3α,7α,12α,24,26,27-hexol) is a therapeutic nutraceutical derived from marine sources, however very little is known about its potential for biotransformation as a xenobiotic in higher vertebrates. In this study, biotransformation products of scymnol catalysed by liver microsomes isolated from normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-treated male Wistar rats were characterised by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MSMS). In order of increasing polarity relative to the reversed phase sorbent, structural assignments were made for four biotransformation products, namely 3-oxoscymnol (5β-cholestan-3-one-7α,12α,24,26,27-pentol); 7-oxoscymnol (5β-cholestan-7-one-3α,12α,24,26,27-pentol); 3β-scymnol (5β-cholestan-3β,7α,12α,24,26,27-hexol) and 6β-hydroxyscymnol (5β-cholestan-3α,6β,7α,12α,24,26,27-heptol). In addition, a total of eight biotransformation products were characterised from microsomal incubations of crude oxoscymnol compounds, namely 7β-scymnol; 3,12-dioxoscymnol; 3,7-dioxoscymnol; 7,12-dioxoscymnol; 12-oxo-3β-scymnol; 7-oxo-3β-scymnol; 6β-hydroxy-12-oxoscymnol and 6β-hydroxy-7-oxoscymnol. Collectively, the results indicate hepatic enzyme-catalysed hydroxylation, dehydrogenation and epimerisation reactions on the steroid nucleus of scymnol, and provide an insight into biotransformation pathways for scymnol use as a therapeutic nutraceutical in higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Glowacki
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Lynn D Hodges
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Paul M Wynne
- Medicines Manufacturing Innovation Centre, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Paul F A Wright
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia.
| | - Nicolette Kalafatis
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
| | - Theodore A Macrides
- Natural Products Research Group, School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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Lee U, Kwon MH, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetic alterations in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:611-625. [PMID: 29658375 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1466212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Plasma lipid profile abnormalities in hyperlipidemia can potentially alter the pharmacokinetics of a drug in a complex manner. To evaluate these pharmacokinetic alterations in hyperlipidemia and to determine the underlying mechanism(s), poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats (HL rats), a well-established animal model of hyperlipidemia have been used. 2. In this review, we summarize findings on the pathophysiological and gene expression changes in drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in HL rats. We discuss pharmacokinetic changes in drugs metabolized primarily via hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYPs) in terms of alterations in hepatic intrinsic clearance (CL'int), free fraction in plasma (fu) and hepatic blood flow rate (QH), depending on the hepatic excretion ratio, as well as drugs eliminated primarily by mechanisms other than hepatic CYPs. 3. For lipoprotein-bound drugs, increased binding to lipoproteins resulted in lower fu values and volumes of distribution, with some exceptions. Generally, slower non-renal clearance (or total body clearance) of drugs that are substrates of hepatic CYP3A and CYP2C is well explained by the following factors: alterations in CL'int (due to down-regulation of hepatic CYPs), decreased fu and/or possible decreased QH. 4. These consistent findings across studies in HL rats suggest more studies are needed at the clinical level for optimal pharmacotherapies for hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Unji Lee
- a Department of Pharmacy , Ewha Womans University Medical Center , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Mi Hye Kwon
- b College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , South Korea
| | - Hee Eun Kang
- b College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , The Catholic University of Korea , Bucheon , South Korea
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Wang S, Tang X, Yang T, Xu J, Zhang J, Liu X, Liu L. Predicted contributions of cytochrome P450s to drug metabolism in human liver microsomes using relative activity factor were dependent on probes. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:161-168. [PMID: 29375004 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1433902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Contributions of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoforms to drug metabolism are often predicted using relative activity factor (RAF) method, assuming RAF values were independent of probe. We aimed to report probe-dependent characteristic of RAF values using CYP3A4 or CYP2C9 probes. Metabolism of four CYP3A4 probes (testosterone, midazolam, verapamil and atorvastatin) and three CYP2C9 probes (tolbutamide, diclofenac and S-warfarin) in human liver microsomes (HLM) and cDNA-expressed recombinant CYP450 (Rec-CYP450) systems were characterized and RAFCL value was estimated as ratio of probe intrinsic clearance in HLM to that in Rec-CYP450. CYP450i contributions to metabolic reaction of a probe were predicted using other probes and compared with data from specific inhibitions. Contributions of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 to metabolism of deoxypodophyllotoxin and nateglinide were also predicted. RAF values were dependent on probes, leading to probe-dependently predicted contributions. Predicted contributions of CYP3A4 to formations of 6β-hydroxytestosterone, 1'-hydroxymidazolam, norverapamil, ortho-hydroxyatorvastatin and para-hydroxyatorvastatin using other probes were 47.46-219.46%, 21.62-98.87%, 186.49-462.44%, 21.87-101.15% and 53.62-247.97%, respectively. Predicted contributions of CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 to nateglinide metabolism were 8.18-37.84% and 36.08-94.04%, separately. In conclusion, CYP450i contribution to drug metabolism in HLM estimated using RAF approach were probe-dependent. Therefore, contribution of each isoform must be confirmed by multiple probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuting Wang
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiange Tang
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Tingting Yang
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiong Xu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Li Liu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, School of Pharmacy , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Chen H, Wu G, Gao S, Guo R, Zhao Z, Yuan H, Liu S, Wu J, Lu X, Yuan X, Yu Z, Zu X, Xie N, Yang N, Hu Z, Sun Q, Zhang W. Discovery of Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UbcH5c from α-Santonin Derivatives. J Med Chem 2017; 60:6828-6852. [PMID: 28696694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As a therapeutic target for antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interventions, UbcH5c is one of the key ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes catalyzing ubiquitination during TNF-α-triggered nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. In the present study, three series of analogues were designed and synthesized from α-santonin, and their UbcH5c inhibitory activities were screened by Western blotting and NF-κB luciferase assay. Further BIAcore, in-gel fluorescence imaging, and immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that compound 6d exhibited robust and specific inhibition of UbcH5c, exceeding that of the positive compound 1 (IJ-5). Mechanistic investigations revealed that compound 6d preferentially bound to and inactivated UbcH5c by forming a covalent adduct with its active site Cys85. Furthermore, compound 6d exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activity against complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis in vivo. These findings suggest that the novel α-santonin-derived UbcH5c inhibitor 6d is a promising lead compound for the development of new antirheumatoid arthritis (RA) agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Guozhen Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ruihua Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Hu Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Shanxiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Progenra, Inc. , 277 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Xiaolong Lu
- Lifesensors, Inc. , 271 Great Valley Parkway, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Xing Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zongmin Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xianpeng Zu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ning Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Innovative Natural Medicine and TCM Injections, Jiangxi Qingfeng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , Ganzhou 341000, Jiangxi, China
| | - Niao Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai 200433, China.,Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry , Shanghai 200040, China.,Institute of Interdisciplinary Research Complex, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai 201210, China
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Hu N, Huang Y, Gao X, Li S, Yan Z, Wei B, Yan R. Effects of dextran sulfate sodium induced experimental colitis on cytochrome P450 activities in rat liver, kidney and intestine. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 271:48-58. [PMID: 28438436 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced experimental colitis presents a histologic resemblance to human ulcerative colitis (UC). Altered cytochrome P450s (CYPs) have been reported in this model and patients with UC. In this study, six CYPs activities were quantitatively determined in microsomes of liver (RLMs), kidney (RRMs) and intestine (RIMs) from rats with colitis at acute (5% DSS for 7 days, UCA) and remission (7-day DSS treatment followed by 7-day cessation, UCR) phases and compared with normal rats. Generally, CYPs activities varied with isoform, organ, and disease status. Hepatic CYP1A2, 2B1, 2C6/11, 2E1 and 3A1/2 activities were reduced by acute colitis and completely or partially restored after DSS was halted. Although DSS treatment decreased the Vmax of renal CYP2C6/11 and increased that of CYP2D2, their CLint, in vitro were comparable among normal, acute and remission stages. DSS treatment changed the kinetics of CYP3A1/2-mediated nifedipine metabolism in RRMs from biphasic to classical kinetics. Notably, CYP2D2 activity was elevated in liver and kidney in acute UC, while enhanced in liver and decreased in kidney in remission. In intestine, CYP3A1/2 activity was increased in UCA and further enhanced after DSS withdrawal. These findings highlight the necessity of quantifying enzyme activity for precision drug therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiang Su, China
| | - Yanjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Xuejiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Sai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Zhixiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | - Ru Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China; UM Zhuhai Research Institute, No.1 Software Road, Zhuhai Hi-tech Zone, Guangdong, China.
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Góes VC, Neves RH, Arnóbio A, Bernardo-Filho M, Machado-Silva JR. Streptozotocin (STZ) and schistosomiasis mansoni change the biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate in mice. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 43:581-586. [PMID: 27438409 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technetium-99m ((99m)Tc) is a radionuclide commonly used in nuclear medicine to obtain (99m)Tc-radiopharmaceuticals, which can be used to evaluate either physiological processes or changes related to diseases. It is also used in some experimental studies. Streptozotocin (STZ) administration to rodents causes lesions in very early stages and induces severe and permanent diabetes. Most morbidity of schistosomiasis mansoni is attributed to a granulomatous inflammatory response and associated liver fibrosis. This study was designed to investigate whether STZ administration and schistosomiasis modify the biodistribution of the radiopharmaceutical sodium (99m)Tc-pertechnetate. METHODS Adult female mice were infected by exposure to 100Schistosoma mansoni cercariae (BH strain, Belo Horizonte, Brazil) and euthanized after nine weeks. STZ was administered by a single intraperitoneal injection of 100mg/kg body weight, 3 or 15days before euthanasia. Each animal received 100μl of sodium (Na) (99m)Tc-pertechnetate ((99m)TcO4(-)) (740kBq). The animals were divided into four groups: A, uninfected; B, infected; C, uninfected + STZ; and D, infected + STZ. Blood, brain, thyroid, heart, lungs, liver, spleen, pancreas and kidneys were removed. The radioactivity was counted and the percentage of the injected dose of Na(99m)TcO4 per gram of the organ (% ID/g) was determined. RESULTS Three days after the STZ injection, there was a decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake by the liver, lungs, pancreas and kidneys (p<0.05) in group D when compared with group A. After 15days, the decrease of Na(99m)TcO4 uptake occurred also in the brain, thyroid, heart, spleen and blood (p<0.05) in group D. CONCLUSION We demonstrated modifications on the biodistribution of Na(99m)TcO4 due to STZ administration and schistosomiasis, possibly due to physiological alterations in some organs. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE The biodistribution of radiopharmaceutical Na(99m)TcO4 should be carefully evaluated in subjects with diabetes and/or schistosomiasis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Coelho Góes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Professor Manoel de Abreu, 444, 5° Andar, Vila Isabel, 20511-070 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Renata Heisler Neves
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Professor Manoel de Abreu, 444, 5° Andar, Vila Isabel, 20511-070 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriano Arnóbio
- Laboratório de Radiofarmácia Experimental, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, 4° Andar fundos, Vila Isabel, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mario Bernardo-Filho
- Laboratório de Radiofarmácia Experimental, Departamento de Biofísica e Biometria, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. 28 de Setembro, 87, 4° Andar fundos, Vila Isabel, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Roberto Machado-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Professor Manoel de Abreu, 444, 5° Andar, Vila Isabel, 20511-070 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Tang X, Di X, Zhong Z, Xie Q, Chen Y, Wang F, Ling Z, Xu P, Zhao K, Wang Z, Liu L, Liu X. In vitro metabolism of l-corydalmine, a potent analgesic drug, in human, cynomolgus monkey, beagle dog, rat and mouse liver microsomes. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 128:98-105. [PMID: 27239758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
l-Corydalmine (l-CDL) was under development as an oral analgesic agent, exhibiting potent analgesic activity in preclinical models. The objective of this study was to compare metabolic profiles of l-CDL in liver microsomes from mouse, rat, monkey, dog and human. Six metabolites (M1-M6) were identified using LC-Q/TOF in liver microsomes from the five species. The metabolism of l-CDL included O-demethylation (M1-3) and hydroxylation (M4-6). The desmethyl metabolites were the major ones among the five species, which accounted for more than 84%. Data from chemical inhibition in human liver microsomes (HLM) and human recombinant CYP450s demonstrated that CYP2D6 exhibited strong catalytic activity towards M1 and M2 formations, while CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 also catalyzed M2 formation. Formations of M3 and hydroxyl metabolites (M4 and M5) were mainly catalyzed by CYP3A4. Further studies showed that M1 and M2 were main metabolites in HLM. The kinetics of M1 and M2 formations in HLM and recombinant CYP450s were also investigated. The results showed that M1 and M2 formations in HLM and recombinant CYP2D6 characterized biphasic kinetics, whereas sigmoid Vmax model was better used to fit M2 formation by recombinant CYP2C9 and CYP2C19. The contributions of CYP2D6 to M1 and M2 formations in HLM were estimated to be 75.3% and 50.7%, respectively. However, the contributions of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 to M2 formation were only 5.0% and 4.1%, respectively. All these data indicated that M1 and M2 were main metabolites in HLM, and CYP2D6 was the primary enzyme responsible for their formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiange Tang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinyu Di
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zeyu Zhong
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qiushi Xie
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoli Ling
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Kaijing Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhongjian Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Li Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Li F, Ling ZL, Wang ZJ, Zhong ZY, Shu N, Zhang M, Liu C, Liu L, Liu XD. Differential effects of pravastatin on the pharmacokinetics of paroxetine in normal and diabetic rats. Xenobiotica 2016; 47:20-30. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1154999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Shu N, Hu M, Liu C, Zhang M, Ling Z, Zhang J, Xu P, Zhong Z, Chen Y, Liu L, Liu X. Decreased exposure of atorvastatin in diabetic rats partly due to induction of hepatic Cyp3a and Oatp2. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:875-81. [PMID: 26864241 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1141437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
1. Atorvastatin is frequently prescribed for lowering blood cholesterol and for prevention of events associated with cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin in diabetic rats. 2. Diabetes was induced in rats by combination of high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (35 mg/kg). Plasma concentrations of atorvastatin following oral (10 mg/kg) and intravenous (2 mg/kg) administrations to rats were measured by LC-MS. Metabolism and uptake of atorvastatin in primary hepatocytes of experimental rats were assessed. Protein expressions and activities of hepatic Cyp3a and Oatp2 were further investigated. 3. Clearances of atorvastatin in diabetic rats following oral and intravenous administrations were remarkably increased, leading to marked decreases in area-under-the-plasma concentration-time curve (AUC). The estimated oral and systematic clearances of atorvastatin in diabetic rats were 4.5-fold and 2.0-fold of control rats, respectively. Metabolism and uptake of atorvastatin in primary hepatocytes isolated from diabetic rats were significantly increased, which were consistent with the up-regulated protein expressions and activities of hepatic Cyp3a and Oatp2. 4. All these results demonstrated that the plasma exposure of atorvastatin was significantly decreased in diabetic rats, which was partly due to the up-regulated activities and expressions of both hepatic Cyp3a and Oatp2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Shu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Mengyue Hu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Can Liu
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami , Miami , FL , USA , and
| | - Mian Zhang
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zhaoli Ling
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Ji Zhang
- c Department of Pharmacy , the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , Henan , China
| | - Ping Xu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Zeyu Zhong
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Yang Chen
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Li Liu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- a Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , Jiangsu , China
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Liu C, Hu M, Guo H, Zhang M, Zhang J, Li F, Zhong Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Xu P, Li J, Liu L, Liu X. Combined Contribution of Increased Intestinal Permeability and Inhibited Deglycosylation of Ginsenoside Rb1 in the Intestinal Tract to the Enhancement of Ginsenoside Rb1 Exposure in Diabetic Rats after Oral Administration. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1702-10. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.064881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Zeng XY, Dong S, He NN, Jiang CJ, Dai Y, Xia YF. Comparative pharmacokinetics of arctigenin in normal and type 2 diabetic rats after oral and intravenous administration. Fitoterapia 2015; 105:119-26. [PMID: 26102179 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Arctigenin is the main active ingredient of Fructus Arctii for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In this study, the pharmacokinetics of arctigenin in normal and type 2 diabetic rats following oral and intravenous administration was investigated. As compared to normal rats, Cmax and AUC(0-10h) values of oral arctigenin in diabetic rats increased by 356.8% and 223.4%, respectively. In contrast, after intravenous injection, the Cmax and AUC(0-10h) values of arctigenin showed no significant difference between diabetic and normal rats. In order to explore how the bioavailability of oral arctigenin increased under diabetic condition, the absorption behavior of arctigenin was evaluated by in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP). The results indicated that arctigenin was a substrate of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). The absorption difference of arctigenin in the normal and diabetic rats could be eliminated by the pretreatment of classic P-gp inhibitor verapamil, suggesting that P-gp might be the key factor causing the absorption enhancement of arctigenin in diabetic rats. Further studies revealed that the uptake of rhodamine 123 (Rho123) in diabetic rats was significantly higher, indicating that diabetes mellitus might impair P-gp function. Consistently, a lower mRNA level of P-gp in the intestine of diabetic rats was found. In conclusion, the absorption of arctigenin after oral administration was promoted in diabetic rats, which might be partially attribute to the decreased expression and impaired function of P-gp in intestines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-yan Zeng
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shu Dong
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Nan-nan He
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Chun-jie Jiang
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yue Dai
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yu-feng Xia
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Protein Kinase C Plays an Important Role in Exaggerated Vasoconstriction Associated with Insulin Deficiency but not Resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-014-0479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Xu D, Li F, Zhang M, Zhang J, Liu C, Hu MY, Zhong ZY, Jia LL, Wang DW, Wu J, Liu L, Liu XD. Decreased exposure of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:1215-25. [PMID: 25152023 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Simvastatin is frequently administered to diabetic patients with hypercholesterolemia. The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin and its hydrolysate simvastatin acid in a rat model of type 2 diabetes. METHODS Diabetes was induced in 4-week-old rats by a treatment of high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin. After the rats received a single dose of simvastatin (20 mg/kg, po, or 2 mg/kg, iv), the plasma concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were determined. Simvastatin metabolism and cytochrome P4503A (Cyp3a) activity were assessed in hepatic microsomes, and its uptake was studied in freshly isolated hepatocytes. The expression of Cyp3a1, organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (Oatp2), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) in livers was measured using qRT-PCR. RESULTS After oral or intravenous administration, the plasma concentrations and areas under concentrations of simvastatin and simvastatin acid were markedly decreased in diabetic rats. Both simvastatin metabolism and Cyp3a activity were markedly increased in hepatocytes of diabetic rats, accompanied by increased expression of hepatic Cyp3a1 mRNA. Furthermore, the uptake of simvastatin by hepatocytes of diabetic rats was markedly increased, which was associated with increased expression of the influx transporter Oatp2, and decreased expression of the efflux transporters Mrp2 and Bcrp. CONCLUSION Diabetes enhances the metabolism of simvastatin and simvastatin acid in rats via up-regulating hepatic Cyp3a activity and expression and increasing hepatic uptake.
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Li F, Zhang M, Xu D, Liu C, Zhong ZY, Jia LL, Hu MY, Yang Y, Liu L, Liu XD. Co-administration of paroxetine and pravastatin causes deregulation of glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats via enhanced paroxetine exposure. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2014; 35:792-805. [PMID: 24902787 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2014.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Clinical evidence shows that co-administration of pravastatin and paroxetine deregulates glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to verify this phenomenon in diabetic rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Diabetes mellitus was induced in male SD rats by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose streptozotocin injection. The rats were orally administered paroxetine (10 mg/kg) and pravastatin (10 mg/d) or both the drugs daily for 28 d. The pharmacokinetics of paroxetine and pravastatin were examined on d 1 and d 28. Biochemical parameters including serum insulin, glucose and lipids were monitored during the treatments. An insulin-secreting cell line (INS-1) was used for measuring insulin secretion. RESULTS In diabetic rats, co-administration of paroxetine and pravastatin markedly increased the concentrations of both the drugs compared with administration of each drug alone. Furthermore, co-administration severely impaired glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, as demonstrated by significantly increased serum glucose level, decreased serum and pancreatic insulin levels, and decreased pancreatic Insulin-2 mRNA and tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (Tph-1) mRNA levels. Treatment of INS-1 cells with paroxetine (5 and 10 μmol/L) significantly inhibited insulin secretion, decreased the intracellular insulin, 5-HT, Insulin-2 mRNA and Tph-1 mRNA levels. Treatment of the cells with pravastatin (10 μmol/L) significantly stimulated insulin secretion, which was weakened by co-treatment with paroxetine. CONCLUSION Paroxetine inhibits insulin secretion at least via decreasing intracellular 5-HT and insulin biosynthesis. The deregulation of glucose homeostasis by co-administration of paroxetine and pravastatin in diabetic rats can be attributed to enhanced paroxetine exposure.
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Caffeic acid phenethyl ester, a 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor, alleviates diabetic atherosclerotic manifestations: effect on vascular reactivity and stiffness. Chem Biol Interact 2014; 213:28-36. [PMID: 24508943 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 12/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a major macrovascular complication of diabetes that increases the risks for myocardial infarction, stroke, and other vascular diseases. The effect of a selective 5-lipoxygenase enzyme inhibitor; caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on diabetes-induced atherosclerotic manifestations was investigated. Insulin deficiency or resistance was induced by STZ or fructose respectively. Atherosclerosis developed when rats were left for 8 or 12 weeks subsequent STZ or fructose administration respectively. CAPE (30 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) was given in the last 6 weeks. Afterwards, blood pressure (BP) was recorded. Then, isolated aorta reactivity to KCl and phenylephrine (PE) was studied. Blood glucose level, serum levels of insulin, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) as well as advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were determined. Moreover aortic haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression and collagen deposition were also assessed. Insulin deficiency and resistance were accompanied with elevated BP, exaggerated response to KCl and PE, elevated serum TNF-α and AGEs levels. Both models showed marked increase in collagen deposition. However, CAPE alleviated systolic and diastolic BP elevations and the exaggerated vascular contractility to both PE and KCl in both models without affecting AGEs level. CAPE inhibited TNF-α serum level elevation, induced aortic HO-1 expression and reduced collagen deposition. CAPE prevented development of hyperinsulinemia in insulin resistance model without any impact on the developed hyperglycemia in insulin deficiency model. In conclusion, CAPE offsets the atherosclerotic changes associated with diabetes via amelioration of the significant functional and structural derangements in the vessels in addition to its antihyperinsulinemic effect in insulin resistant model.
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Hu N, Hu M, Duan R, Liu C, Guo H, Zhang M, Yu Y, Wang X, Liu L, Liu X. Increased Levels of Fatty Acids Contributed to Induction of Hepatic CYP3A4 Activity Induced by Diabetes — In Vitro Evidence From HepG2 Cell and Fa2N-4 Cell Lines. J Pharmacol Sci 2014; 124:433-44. [DOI: 10.1254/jphs.13212fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Lee YS, Yoon JN, Yoon IS, Lee MG, Kang HE. Pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its metabolite norverapamil in rats with hyperlipidaemia induced by poloxamer 407. Xenobiotica 2013; 42:766-74. [PMID: 22300394 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.654001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetics of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil were evaluated following intravenous and oral administration of 10 mg/kg verapamil to rats with hyperlipidaemia (HL) induced by poloxamer 407 (HL rats). The total area under the plasma concentration time curve (AUC) of verapamil in HL rats following intravenous administration was significantly greater (by 11.2%) than in control rats due to their slower (by 11%) non-renal clearance. The oral AUC of verapamil in HL rats was also significantly greater (by 116%) compared with controls, with a larger magnitude than the data observed following intravenous administration. This may have been a result of the decreased intestinal metabolism of verapamil in HL rats. The AUC of norverapamil and AUC(norverapamil)/AUC(verapamil) ratios following intravenous and oral administration of verapamil were unchanged in HL rats. Assuming that the HL rat model qualitatively reflects similar changes in patients with HL, the findings of this study have potential therapeutic implications. Further studies in humans are required to determine whether modification of the oral verapamil dosage regimen in HL states is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Sun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, South Korea
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Xie H, Sun S, Cheng X, Yan T, Zheng X, Li F, Qi Q, Wang G, Hao H. Dysregulations of Intestinal and Colonic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2013; 28:427-34. [DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-13-rg-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hassan N, El-Bassossy HM, Zakaria MNM. Heme oxygenase-1 induction protects against hypertension associated with diabetes: effect on exaggerated vascular contractility. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2012; 386:217-26. [PMID: 23254361 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-012-0822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances in vascular reactivity are important components of diabetes-evoked hypertension. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a homeostatic enzyme upregulated in stress. This study aims to investigate the protective effect of HO-1 against diabetes-evoked hypertension. Rats were left 8 weeks after diabetes induction with streptozotocin to induce vascular dysfunction in the diabetic groups. HO-1 inducers, hemin and curcumin, were daily administrated in the last 6 weeks in the treated groups after 2 weeks of induction. Then, at the end of the study (8 weeks), HO-1 protein level was assessed by immunofluorescence; blood pressure (BP) was recorded; isolated aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (PE) and KCl was studied; reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was determined; and serum level of glucose, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined. While not affected by diabetes, HO-1 protein expression was strongly induced by hemin or curcumin administration. Compared with control animals, diabetes increased systolic and pulse BP. Induction of HO-1 by hemin or curcumin significantly reduced elevated systolic BP and abolished elevated pulse BP without affecting the developed hyperglycemia or AGEs level. The possibility that alterations in vascular reactivity contributed to diabetes-HO-1 BP interaction was investigated. Diabetes increased contractile response of the aorta to PE and KCl, while HO-1 induction by curcumin or hemin prevented aorta-exaggerated response to PE and KCl. Furthermore, the competitive HO inhibitor, tin protoporphyrin, abolished the protective effect of hemin. Diabetes was accompanied with elevated level of TNF-α and ROS generation, while HO-1 induction abrogated increased TNF-α and ROS generation. Collectively, induction of HO-1 protects against hypertension associated with diabetes via ameliorating exaggerated vascular contractility by reducing TNF-α and aortic ROS levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
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Kajbaf M, Ricci R, Zambon S, Fontana S. Contribution of rat intestinal metabolism to the xenobiotics clearance. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2012; 38:33-41. [PMID: 22714869 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-012-0098-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Michaelis-Menten constants K m and V max values were determined by product formation and substrate depletion at several substrate concentrations of 4-methylumbelliferone using rat intestinal microsomes. K m and V max values determined by measuring product formation were in good agreement with substrate depletion approach. We also investigated hepatic and intestinal in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLint) in the liver and intestinal microsomes and compare with reports in the literature using nine test compounds, atorvastatin, 7-ethoxycoumarin, indomethacin, 4-methylumbelliferone, midazolam, nifedipine, testosterone, terfenadine and verapamil, in rats. CLint was determined from the substrate disappearance rate at 0.1 and 0.5 μM in the rat intestinal and liver microsomes, respectively. These results showed that both the liver and the intestine contributed to the metabolism of these compounds. The intestinal intrinsic clearance values of all these drugs, except for terfenadine in the rat intestinal microsomes, were lower than their hepatic intrinsic clearance per milligram protein, showing that there was an organ difference in metabolism between the liver and intestinal. These results make the evaluation using the intestinal more useful and provide a basis for predicting clearance using intestinal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Kajbaf
- Bioanalytics, Metabolism and in vitro Technologies, DMPK, Aptuit, Via A. Fleming, 4, 37135, Verona, Italy.
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Liu H, Liu L, Li J, Mei D, Duan R, Hu N, Guo H, Zhong Z, Liu X. Combined contributions of impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal breast cancer resistance protein activities and expression to increased oral glibenclamide exposure in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1104-12. [PMID: 22393122 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.111.043513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the contributions of impaired cytochrome P450 and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) activity and expression to drug pharmacokinetics under diabetic conditions. Diabetes was induced in rats with the intraperitoneal administration of streptozocin. Glibenclamide (GLB), a substrate of BCRP, served as a model drug. The pharmacokinetics of orally administered GLB (10 mg/kg) were studied. The results showed that diabetes mellitus significantly increased exposure (area under the curve and peak concentration) to GLB after oral administration. Data from hepatic microsomes suggested impairment of GLB metabolism in diabetic rats. GLB metabolism in hepatic microsomes was significantly inhibited by a selective inhibitor (sulfaphenazole) of CYP2C11 and an anti-CYP2C11 antibody. Western blotting further indicated the contribution of impaired CYP2C11 expression to the impairment of GLB metabolism. Excretion data showed that ∼72% of the orally administered dose was excreted in the feces of normal rats, which indicates an important role for intestinal BCRP. Diabetes significantly decreased the recovery from feces, which was only 40% of the orally administered dose. Results from in situ, single-pass, intestinal perfusion experiments revealed that diabetes significantly increased the apparent effective permeability and decreased the efflux of GLB through the intestine; this suggests impairment of intestinal BCRP function, which may play a role in the increased exposure to orally administered GLB in diabetic rats. Insulin treatment partly or completely reversed the changes in diabetic rats. All results yielded the conclusion that impaired hepatic CYP2C11 and intestinal BCRP expression and activity induced by diabetes contributed to the increased exposure of orally administered GLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Mei D, Li J, Liu H, Liu L, Wang X, Guo H, Liu C, Duan R, Liu X. Induction of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in liver, intestine and kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Xenobiotica 2012; 42:709-18. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2011.654363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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El-Bassossy HM, Fahmy A, Badawy D. Cinnamaldehyde protects from the hypertension associated with diabetes. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:3007-12. [PMID: 21840367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigated cinnamaldehyde (CA) effect on diabetes-induced hypertension. Insulin deficiency was induced by streptozotocin while, insulin resistance by fructose. Rats were left 8 weeks or 12 weeks after STZ or fructose administration respectively. CA (20 mg kg(-1)day(-1)) was daily administered in the last 6 weeks. Then, blood pressure (BP) was recorded. Isolated Aorta reactivity to phenylephrine (PE), KCl, acetylcholine (ACh) was studied as well as nitric oxide (NO) generation plus Ca(2+) influx. Insulin deficiency was associated with elevated BP, increased response to PE and KCl, decreased response to ACh and impaired NO generation. CA treatment prevented hyperglycemia and its associated impaired vascular reactivity. Insulin resistance was associated with elevated BP while, CA prevented this elevation. Insulin resistance increased response to PE and KCl, decreased response to ACh, while CA treatment normalized response to KCl and PE but not to ACh. Insulin resistance was accompanied with reduced NO generation but exaggerated Ca(2+) influx while CA restored normal Ca(2+) influx but did not affect NO generation. In conclusion, CA prevents development of hypertension in insulin deficiency and insulin resistance through normalization of vascular contractility in addition to its insulinotropic effect in insulin deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M El-Bassossy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Egypt.
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