1
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Higgins C, Huber L. Rhodococcus equi: challenges to treat infections and to mitigate antimicrobial resistance. J Equine Vet Sci 2023:104845. [PMID: 37295760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhodococcus equi, a gram-positive facultative intracellular pathogen and a soil saprophyte, is one of the most common causes of pneumonia in young foals. It poses a threat to the economy in endemic horse-breeding farms and to animal welfare annually. Many farms use thoracic ultrasonographic screening and antimicrobial treatment of subclinically affected foals as a preventive measure against severe R. equi infections. The wide use antimicrobials to treat subclinically affected foals has contributed to the emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR)-R. equi in both clinical isolates from sick foals and in the environment of horse-breeding farms. Alternatives to treat foals infected with MDR-R. equi are scarce and the impact of the emergence of MDR-R. equi in the environment of farms is still unknown. The aim of this review is to discuss the emergence of MDR-R. equi in the United States and the challenges faced to guide antimicrobial use practices. Reduction of antimicrobial use at horse-breeding farms is essential for the preservation of antimicrobial efficacy and, ultimately, human, animal, and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Higgins
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama, USA 36832.
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 1130 Wire Road, Auburn, Alabama, USA 36832.
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2
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Bordin AI, Huber L, Sanz M, Cohen N. Rhodococcus equi Foal Pneumonia: Update on Epidemiology, Immunity, Treatment, and Prevention. Equine Vet J 2022; 54:481-494. [PMID: 35188690 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pneumonia in foals caused by the bacterium Rhodococcus equi has a worldwide distribution and is a common cause of disease and death for foals. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarise recent developments pertaining to the epidemiology, immune responses, treatment, and prevention of rhodococcal pneumonia of foals. Screening tests have been used to implement earlier detection and treatment of foals with presumed subclinical R. equi pneumonia to reduce mortality and severity of disease. Unfortunately, this practice has been linked to the emergence of antimicrobial resistant R. equi in North America. Correlates of protective immunity for R. equi infections of foals remain elusive, but recent evidence indicates that innate immune responses are important both for mediating killing and orchestrating adaptive immune responses. A macrolide antimicrobial in combination with rifampin remains the recommended treatment for foals with R. equi pneumonia. Great need exists to identify which antimicrobial combination is most effective for treating foals with R. equi pneumonia and to limit emergence of antimicrobial-resistant strains. In the absence of an effective vaccine against R. equi, passive immunisation remains the only commercially-available method for effectively reducing the incidence of R. equi pneumonia. Because passive immunisation is expensive, labour-intensive, and carries risks for foals, great need exists to develop alternative approaches for passive and active immunisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela I Bordin
- Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4475, USA
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - Macarena Sanz
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, 99164-6610, USA
| | - Noah Cohen
- Equine Infectious Disease Laboratory, Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843-4475, USA
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3
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Wang Y, Sparidans RW, Potters S, Şentürk R, Lebre MC, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. P-Glycoprotein (ABCB1/MDR1) and BCRP (ABCG2) Limit Brain Accumulation and Cytochrome P450-3A (CYP3A) Restricts Oral Exposure of the RET Inhibitor Selpercatinib (RETEVMO). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111087. [PMID: 34832869 PMCID: PMC8617681 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selpercatinib is a targeted, FDA-approved, oral, small-molecule inhibitor for the treatment of rearranged during transfection (RET) proto-oncogene mutation-positive cancer. Using genetically modified mouse models, we investigated the roles of the multidrug efflux transporters ABCB1 and ABCG2, the OATP1A/1B uptake transporters, and the drug-metabolizing CYP3A complex in selpercatinib pharmacokinetics. Selpercatinib was efficiently transported by hABCB1 and mAbcg2, but not hABCG2, and was not a substrate of human OATP1A2, -1B1 or -1B3 in vitro. In vivo, brain and testis penetration were increased by 3.0- and 2.7-fold in Abcb1a/1b-/- mice and by 6.2- and 6.4-fold in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice, respectively. Oatp1a/1b deficiency did not alter selpercatinib pharmacokinetics. The ABCB1/ABCG2 inhibitor elacridar boosted selpercatinib brain penetration in wild-type mice to the levels seen in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice. Cyp3a-/- mice showed a 1.4-fold higher plasma AUC0–4h than wild-type mice, which was then 1.6-fold decreased upon transgenic overexpression of human CYP3A4 in liver and intestine. In summary, ABCG2, and especially ABCB1, limit brain and testis penetration of selpercatinib. Elacridar coadministration could mostly reverse these effects, without causing acute toxicity. CYP3A-mediated metabolism can limit selpercatinib oral exposure and hence its tissue concentrations. These insights may be useful in the further clinical development of selpercatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaogeng Wang
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Rolf W. Sparidans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.W.S.); (R.Ş.)
| | - Sander Potters
- Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research (LACDR), Faculty of Science, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Rahime Şentürk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.W.S.); (R.Ş.)
| | - Maria C. Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
| | - Jos H. Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (R.W.S.); (R.Ş.)
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H. Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (Y.W.); (M.C.L.); (J.H.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-20-512-2046; Fax: +31-20-5121792
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4
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Erol E, Shaffer CL, Lubbers BV. Synergistic combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline reduce the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Rhodococcus equi. Equine Vet J 2021; 54:799-806. [PMID: 34480367 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The alarming increase in rifampin and macrolide resistance among Rhodococcus equi isolates highlights the need to identify alternative therapeutic options that can effectively control rhodococcosis in foals while limiting the further development of drug resistance. OBJECTIVES To evaluate bacterial killing, antibiotic synergism and mutant prevention concentrations (MPCs) of clarithromycin alone and in combination with doxycycline, minocycline or rifampin against clinical isolates of R equi. STUDY DESIGN In vitro experiments. METHODS Bacterial time-kill, fractional inhibitory concentration (checkerboard) and mutant prevention concentration assays were evaluated in four clarithromycin- and rifampin-susceptible (ClaS /RifS ) and two clarithromycin- and rifampin-resistant (ClaR /RifR ) R equi clinical strains. RESULTS In this study evaluating a limited number of isolates, combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline, but not with rifampin, were generally synergistic in both ClaS /RifS and ClaR /RifR strains as determined by checkerboard testing. In time-kill assays, all antibiotics, both alone and in combination, reduced viable ClaS /RifS R equi by more than 3 log10 at 24 hours compared with control cultures without antibiotics. Combinations of clarithromycin with doxycycline, minocycline or rifampin induced significantly lower MPC values compared with the individual antimicrobials alone for all ClaS /RifS R equi strains, resulting in a narrower mutant selection window (MSW). However, clarithromycin/rifampin combination did not markedly decrease MPCs of the individual antimicrobials in ClaR /RifR R equi isolates, and the observed decrease in MPCs for doxycycline or minocycline did not generally differ when combined with clarithromycin. MAIN LIMITATIONS The number of analysed R equi isolates was limited. In vitro outcomes require clinical confirmation. CONCLUSIONS Dual therapy combinations consisting of clarithromycin with doxycycline or minocycline merit consideration as a treatment protocol against R equi in foals due to in vitro synergy. These combination therapies may also minimise the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in cases of rhodococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdal Erol
- Department of Veterinary Science and the Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Carrie L Shaffer
- Department of Veterinary Science and the Gluck Equine Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Brian V Lubbers
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
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5
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Le Corre S, Janes J, Slovis NM. Multiple extra‐pulmonary disorders associated with
Rhodococcus equi
infection in a 2‐month‐old foal. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Le Corre
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - J. Janes
- University of Kentucky Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - N. M. Slovis
- Hagyard Equine Medical Institute Lexington Kentucky USA
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6
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Floyd EF, Easton‐Jones CA, Theelen MJP. Systemic antimicrobial therapy in foals. EQUINE VET EDUC 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. F. Floyd
- Rossdales Equine Hospital Newmarket, Suffolk UK
| | | | - M. J. P. Theelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Equine Internal Medicine) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University UtrechtThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences (Clinical Infectiology) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
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7
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Knych HK, Magdesian KG. Equine antimicrobial therapy: Current and past issues facing practitioners. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:270-279. [PMID: 33650183 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Equine antimicrobial therapy has advanced over time with the availability of increasing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies in horses, allowing for greater evidence-based clinical decision-making. However, many challenges to optimal antimicrobial therapy remain and further research is needed to address these areas. There are a limited number of approved antimicrobials for use in horses, which creates a need for compounded preparations for clinicians. Extra-label drug use is commonplace in equine practice, which warrants continual education of veterinarians about policies and updates. Performance and competitive horses have their own unique concerns when it comes to antimicrobial use and drug testing. In keeping with the use of a broader range of antimicrobials over time, antimicrobial resistance is emerging as an important issue facing veterinary medicine, including equine practice. Another challenge is that of drug interactions and adverse drug events for which there are little scientific data available for horses, especially for critically important diseases such as Rhodococcus equi infection. Finally, much progress has been made in the availability of equine-specific antimicrobial susceptibility break points. These aid clinicians in interpreting culture and susceptibility results and antimicrobial selection. Even with these advances, continuing education and further research are needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather K Knych
- Kenneth L. Maddy Equine Analytical Pharmacology Laboratory and Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - K Gary Magdesian
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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8
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Pouderoux C, Ginevra C, Descours G, Ranc AG, Beraud L, Boisset S, Magand N, Conrad A, Bergeron-Lafaurie A, Jarraud S, Ader F. Slowly or Nonresolving Legionnaires' Disease: Case Series and Literature Review. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:1933-1940. [PMID: 31242293 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rarely, Legionnaires' disease (LD) can progress into a slowly or nonresolving form. METHODS A nationwide retrospective study was conducted by the French National Reference Center for Legionella (2013-2017) including cases of slowly or nonresolving LD defined as persistent clinical symptoms, computed tomography (CT) scan abnormalities, and Legionella detection in lower respiratory tract specimens by culture and/or real-time (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) >30 days after symptom onset. RESULTS Twelve cases of community-acquired slowly or nonresolving LD were identified among 1686 cases of culture-positive LD. Median (interquartile range [IQR]) age was 63 (29-82) years. Ten (83.3%) patients had ≥1 immunosuppressive factor. Clinically, 9 patients transiently recovered before further deterioration (median [IQR] symptom-free interval, 30 [18-55] days), 3 patients had uniformly persistent symptoms (median [IQR] time, 48 [41.5-54] days). Two patients had >2 recurrences. CT scan imagery found lung abscess in 5 (41.6%) cases. Slowly or nonresolving LD was diagnosed on positive Legionella cultures (n = 10, 83.3%) at 49.5 (IQR, 33.7-79) days. Two cases were documented through positive Legionella RT PCR at 52 and 53 days (cycle threshold detection of 21.5 and 33.7, respectively). No genomic microevolution and no Legionella resistance to antibiotics were detected. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 46.5 (21-92.5) days. Two empyema cases required thoracic surgery. At a median (IQR) follow-up of 26 (14-41.5) months, LD-attributable mortality was 16.6% (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS Slowly or nonresolving LD may occur in immunocompromised patients, possibly leading to lung abscess and empyema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Pouderoux
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Ginevra
- Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Ghislaine Descours
- Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Ranc
- Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Beraud
- Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Boisset
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, Institut de Biologie et de Pathologie, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Magand
- Service de Radiologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Anne Conrad
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Jarraud
- Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
| | - Florence Ader
- Département des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,Centre National de Référence des Légionelles, Institut des Agents Infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Paris, France.,CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Inserm, U1111, CNRS, UMR 5308, Université Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Paris, France
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9
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Rosa B. Equine Drug Transporters: A Mini-Review and Veterinary Perspective. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111064. [PMID: 33171593 PMCID: PMC7695171 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenobiotic transport proteins play an important role in determining drug disposition and pharmacokinetics. Our understanding of the role of these important proteins in humans and pre-clinical animal species has increased substantially over the past few decades, and has had an important impact on human medicine; however, veterinary medicine has not benefitted from the same quantity of research into drug transporters in species of veterinary interest. Differences in transporter expression cause difficulties in extrapolation of drug pharmacokinetic parameters between species, and lack of knowledge of species-specific transporter distribution and function can lead to drug–drug interactions and adverse effects. Horses are one species in which little is known about drug transport and transporter protein expression. The purpose of this mini-review is to stimulate interest in equine drug transport proteins and comparative transporter physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Rosa
- Department of Comparative Biology and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, TRW 2D01, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4Z6, Canada
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10
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Erol E, Locke S, Saied A, Cruz Penn MJ, Smith J, Fortner J, Carter C. Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Rhodococcus equi from necropsied foals with rhodococcosis. Vet Microbiol 2020; 242:108568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Virkel G, Ballent M, Lanusse C, Lifschitz A. Role of ABC Transporters in Veterinary Medicine: Pharmaco- Toxicological Implications. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1251-1269. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180201094730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Unlike physicians, veterinary practitioners must deal with a number of animal species with crucial differences in anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Accordingly, the pharmacokinetic behaviour, the clinical efficacy and the adverse or toxic effects of drugs may differ across domestic animals. Moreover, the use of drugs in food-producing species may impose a risk for humans due to the generation of chemical residues in edible products, a major concern for public health and consumer's safety. As is clearly known in human beings, the ATP binding cassette (ABC) of transport proteins may influence the bioavailability and elimination of numerous drugs and other xenobiotics in domestic animals as well. A number of drugs, currently available in the veterinary market, are substrates of one or more transporters. Therefore, significant drug-drug interactions among ABC substrates may have unpredictable pharmacotoxicological consequences in different species of veterinary interest. In this context, different investigations revealed the major relevance of P-gp and other transport proteins, like breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins (MRPs), in both companion and livestock animals. Undoubtedly, the discovery of the ABC transporters and the deep understanding of their physiological role in the different species introduced a new paradigm into the veterinary pharmacology. This review focuses on the expression and function of the major transport proteins expressed in species of veterinary interest, and their impact on drug disposition, efficacy and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Virkel
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Ballent
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carlos Lanusse
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adrián Lifschitz
- Laboratorio de Farmacologia, Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil (CIVETAN-CONICETCICPBA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (FCV-UNCPBA), Campus Universitario (Los Ombues y Reforma Universitaria), (7000) Tandil, Prov. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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12
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Türková A, Jain S, Zdrazil B. Integrative Data Mining, Scaffold Analysis, and Sequential Binary Classification Models for Exploring Ligand Profiles of Hepatic Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptides. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 59:1811-1825. [PMID: 30372058 PMCID: PMC6541895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hepatocellular
organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATP1B1,
OATP1B3, and OATP2B1) are important for proper liver function and
the regulation of the drug elimination process. Understanding their
roles in different conditions of liver toxicity and cancer requires
an in-depth investigation of hepatic OATP–ligand interactions
and selectivity. However, such studies are impeded by the lack of
crystal structures, the promiscuous nature of these transporters,
and the limited availability of reliable bioactivity data, which are
spread over different data sources in the open domain. To this end,
we integrated ligand bioactivity data for hepatic OATPs from five
open data sources (ChEMBL, the UCSF–FDA TransPortal database,
DrugBank, Metrabase, and IUPHAR) in a semiautomatic KNIME workflow.
Highly curated data sets were analyzed with respect to enriched scaffolds,
and their activity profiles and interesting scaffold series providing
indication for selective, dual-, or pan-inhibitory activity toward
hepatic OATPs could be extracted. In addition, a sequential binary
modeling approach revealed common and distinctive ligand features
for inhibitory activity toward the individual transporters. The workflows
designed for integrating data from open sources, data curation, and
subsequent substructure analyses are freely available and fully adaptable.
The new data sets for inhibitors and substrates of hepatic OATPs as
well as the insights provided by the feature and substructure analyses
will guide future structure-based studies on hepatic OATP–ligand
interactions and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alžběta Türková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Divison of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Sankalp Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Divison of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Barbara Zdrazil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Divison of Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry , University of Vienna , Althanstraße 14 , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
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13
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14
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Giguère S, Cohen ND. Controversies in therapy of infections caused byRhodococcus equiin foals. EQUINE VET EDUC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Giguère
- University of Georgia; Athens Georgia USA
| | - N. D. Cohen
- Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
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15
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Monk CS, Jeong SY, Gibson DJ, Plummer CE. The presence of minocycline in the tear film of normal horses following oral administration and its anticollagenase activity. Vet Ophthalmol 2017; 21:58-65. [DOI: 10.1111/vop.12479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline S. Monk
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Sun Young Jeong
- Department of Obstetrics; Shands School of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Daniel James Gibson
- Department of Obstetrics; Shands School of Medicine; University of Florida; Gainesville FL USA
| | - Caryn E. Plummer
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences; University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine; Gainesville FL USA
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16
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Giguère S. Treatment of Infections Caused by Rhodococcus equi. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2017; 33:67-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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17
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Berlin S, Randow T, Scheuch E, Grube M, Venner M, Siegmund W. Pharmacokinetics and pulmonary distribution of gamithromycin after intravenous administration in foals. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2017; 40:406-410. [DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Berlin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT); University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | | | - E. Scheuch
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT); University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Grube
- Department of General Pharmacology; Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT); University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Venner
- Veterinary Clinic for Horses; Destedt Germany
| | - W. Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology; Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT); University Medicine of Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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Berlin S, Kirschbaum A, Spieckermann L, Oswald S, Keiser M, Grube M, Venner M, Siegmund W. Pharmacological indices and pulmonary distribution of rifampicin after repeated oral administration in healthy foals. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:618-623. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Berlin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Centre of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | | | | | - S. Oswald
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Centre of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Keiser
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Centre of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Grube
- Department of General Pharmacology Centre of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Venner
- Veterinary Clinic for Horses Destedt Germany
| | - W. Siegmund
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology Centre of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT) University Medicine of Greifswald Greifswald Germany
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Berlin S, Spieckermann L, Oswald S, Keiser M, Lumpe S, Ullrich A, Grube M, Hasan M, Venner M, Siegmund W. Pharmacokinetics and Pulmonary Distribution of Clarithromycin and Rifampicin after Concomitant and Consecutive Administration in Foals. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1089-99. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Berlin
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Markus Keiser
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Anett Ullrich
- PRIMACYT Cell Culture Technology GmbH, Schwerin, Germany
| | - Markus Grube
- Department
of General Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Hasan
- Department
of Clinical Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport
(C_DAT), University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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20
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Durmus S, Lozano-Mena G, van Esch A, Wagenaar E, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH. Preclinical Mouse Models To Study Human OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-Mediated Drug-Drug Interactions in Vivo. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:4259-69. [PMID: 26474710 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of OATP drug uptake transporters in drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is increasingly recognized. OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 are human hepatic uptake transporters that can mediate liver uptake of a wide variety of drugs. Recently, we generated transgenic mice with liver-specific expression of human OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 in a mouse Oatp1a/1b knockout background. Here, we investigated the applicability of these mice in OATP-mediated drug-drug interaction studies using the prototypic OATP inhibitor rifampicin and a good OATP substrate, the anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX). We next assessed the possibility of OATP-mediated interactions between telmisartan and MTX, a clinically relevant drug combination. Using HEK293 cells overexpressing OATP1B1 or OATP1B3, we estimated IC50 values for both rifampicin (0.9 or 0.3 μM) and telmisartan (6.7 or 7.9 μM) in inhibiting OATP-mediated MTX uptake in vitro. Using wild-type, Oatp1a/1b-/-, and OATP1B1- or OATP1B3-humanized transgenic mice, we found that rifampicin inhibits hepatic uptake of MTX mediated by the mouse Oatp1a/1b and human OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters at clinically relevant concentrations. This highlights the applicability of these mouse models for DDI studies and may be exploited in the clinic to reduce the dose and thus methotrexate-mediated toxicity. On the other hand, telmisartan inhibited only human OATP1B1-mediated hepatic uptake of MTX at concentrations higher than those used in the clinic; therefore risks for OATP-mediated clinical DDIs for this drug combination are likely to be low. Overall, we show here that OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-humanized mice can be used as in vivo tools to assess and possibly predict clinically relevant DDIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Durmus
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gloria Lozano-Mena
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Physiology and Nutrition and Institute of Food Safety Research (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anita van Esch
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Els Wagenaar
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf van Tellingen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute , Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Reuss SM, Cohen ND. Update on Bacterial Pneumonia in the Foal and Weanling. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract 2015; 31:121-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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23
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Durmus S, Naik J, Buil L, Wagenaar E, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH. In vivo disposition of doxorubicin is affected by mouse Oatp1a/1b and human OATP1A/1B transporters. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1700-10. [PMID: 24554572 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Organic anion-transporting polypeptides (OATPs) are important drug uptake transporters, mediating distribution of substrates to several pharmacokinetically relevant organs. Doxorubicin is a widely used anti-cancer drug extensively studied for its interactions with various drug transporters, but not OATPs. Here, we investigated the role of OATP1A/1B proteins in the distribution of doxorubicin. In vitro, we observed ∼ 2-fold increased doxorubicin uptake in HEK293 cells overexpressing human OATP1A2, but not OATP1B1 or OATP1B3. In mice, absence of Oatp1a/1b transporters led to up to 2-fold higher doxorubicin plasma concentrations and 1.3-fold higher plasma AUC. Conversely, liver AUC and liver-to-plasma ratios of Oatp1a/1b(-/-) mice were 1.4-fold and up to 4.1-fold lower than in wild-type mice, respectively. Decreased doxorubicin levels in the small intestinal content reflected those in the liver, indicating a reduced biliary excretion of doxorubicin in Oatp1a/1b(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate important control of doxorubicin plasma clearance and hepatic uptake by mouse Oatp1a/1b transporters. This is unexpected, as the fairly hydrophobic weak base doxorubicin is an atypical OATP1A/1B substrate. Interestingly, transgenic liver-specific expression of human OATP1A2, OATP1B1 or OATP1B3 could partially rescue the increased doxorubicin plasma levels of Oatp1a/1b(-/-) mice. Hepatic uptake and bile-derived intestinal excretion of doxorubicin were completely reverted to wild-type levels by OATP1A2, and partially by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3. Thus, doxorubicin is transported by hepatocyte-expressed OATP1A2, -1B1 and -1B3 in vivo, illustrating an unexpectedly wide substrate specificity. These findings have possible implications for the uptake, disposition, therapy response and toxicity of doxorubicin, also in human tumors and tissues expressing these transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selvi Durmus
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Berghaus LJ, Giguère S, Guldbech K. Mutant prevention concentration and mutant selection window for 10 antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi. Vet Microbiol 2013; 166:670-5. [PMID: 23915992 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), time above the MPC and mutant selection window for 10 antimicrobial agents against Rhodococcus equi and to determine if the combination of a macrolide with rifampin would decrease emergence of resistant mutants. Antimicrobial agents investigated (erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, rifampin, amikacin, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, vancomycin, imipenem, and doxycycline) were selected based on in vitro activity and frequency of use in foals or people infected with R. equi. Each antimicrobial agent or combination of agents was evaluated against four virulent strains of R. equi. MPC were determined using an agar plate assay. Pharmacodynamic parameters were calculated using published plasma and pulmonary pharmacokinetic variables. There was a significant (P<0.001) effect of the type of antimicrobial agent on the MPC. The MPC of clarithromycin (1.0 μg/ml) was significantly lower and the MPC of rifampin and amikacin (512 and 384 μg/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than that of all other antimicrobial agents tested. Combining erythromycin, clarithromycin, or azithromycin with rifampin resulted in a significant (P≤0.005) decrease in MPC and MPC/MIC ratio. When MIC and MPC were combined with pharmacokinetic variables, only gentamicin and vancomycin were predicted to achieve plasma concentrations above the MPC for any given periods of time. Only clarithromycin and the combination clarithromycin-rifampin were predicted to achieve concentrations in bronchoalveolar cells and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid above the MPC for the entire dosing interval. In conclusion, the combination of a macrolide with rifampin considerably decreases the emergence of resistant mutants of R. equi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Londa J Berghaus
- Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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Markert C, Hellwig R, Burhenne J, Hoffmann MM, Weiss J, Mikus G, Haefeli WE. Interaction of ambrisentan with clarithromycin and its modulation by polymorphic SLCO1B1. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 69:1785-93. [PMID: 23748747 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-013-1529-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We assessed the effect of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and the OATP1B1 inhibitor clarithromycin on ambrisentan steady-state kinetics and its relationship to the SLCO1B1 15 haplotype in healthy volunteers. METHODS In this open-label, monocenter, one-sequence crossover clinical trial ten male healthy participants were stratified according to CYP2C19 and SLCO1B1 (encoding for OATP1B1) genotype into two groups: group 1 (n = 6), with CYP2C19 1/1 (extensive metabolizer, EM) and SLCO1B1 wild-type; group 2 (n = 4), with CYP2C19 EM and homozygous (n = 3) or heterozygous for SLCO1B1 15 (n = 1). The participants were administered a once-daily oral dose of 5 mg ambrisentan on study days 1 and days 3-14 and twice-daily oral doses of 500 mg clarithromycin on study days 11-14. To monitor CYP3A activity 3 mg midazolam was given orally 1 day before the first ambrisentan administration and on days 1, 10, and 14 of ambrisentan treatment. Ambrisentan plasma kinetics was assessed on days 1 (single dose), 10 (steady-state), and 14 (CYP3A4/OATP1B1 inhibition by clarithromycin). RESULTS Consistent with the expectation that ambrisentan does not induce its own metabolism, ambrisentan exposure and peak concentration (Cmax) were similar after the first dose and at steady-state. Clarithromycin increased the area under the plasma concentration-time curve of ambrisentan by 41 % and Cmax by 27 % (n = 10, both p < 0.05). No contribution of SLCO1B1*15 to the extent of this interaction was observed. CONCLUSIONS Clarithromycin increased ambrisentan exposure to a similar extent to ketoconazole, namely, clinically minor and likely irrelevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Markert
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, University Hospital of Heidelberg, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Dong RH, Fang ZZ, Zhu LL, Ge GB, Li XB, Hu CM, Cao YF, Xia YL, Yang L, Liu ZY. Deep understanding of the interaction between thienorphine and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) isoforms. Xenobiotica 2012; 43:133-9. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.706723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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