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Pham The T, Nishijo M, Phan Van M, Nguyen Minh P, Pham Ngoc T, Vu Thi H, Nguyen Van C, Tran Ngoc N, Do Minh T, Dao Duc L, Tran Ngoc T, Trinh The S, Nishijo H. Effects of dioxin exposure on reproductive and thyroid hormone levels and male sexual function in airbase military workers in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:47644-47654. [PMID: 39002082 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-34364-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Dioxins are endocrine disruptors that may disturb male sexual and reproductive function. Studies on human populations are limited, and their results are controversial. This study evaluated the impact of dioxin exposure on reproductive and thyroid hormone levels and sexual function in men. A total of 140 men working in four military airbases (three bases were formerly contaminated with dioxin by the herbicide spraying campaign in the Vietnam War) were recruited to measure the serum dioxin levels. Four reproductive hormones (testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and prolactin) and three thyroid hormones (free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxin (FT4), and thyroid stimulating hormone) were measured. Male sexual function endpoints including sexual drive, erection, ejaculation, problems, and overall satisfaction were assessed by the Brief Male Sexual Function Inventory. The percentage of subjects with low testosterone and LH levels was 19.6% and 16.7%, respectively. Dioxins, especially 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-P-dioxin and toxic equivalent concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans, were inversely associated with testosterone and prolactin levels, but positively associated with FT3 and FT4, and showed adverse relationships with sexual function, such as sexual drive, problems, and overall satisfaction. Our results suggested that exposure to dioxin disrupts the homeostasis of reproductive and thyroid hormones leading to adverse effects on male sexual function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Pham The
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Muneko Nishijo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Manh Phan Van
- Department of Military Hygiene, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Nguyen Minh
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thao Pham Ngoc
- Department of Functional Diagnosis, 103 Military Hospital, Vietnam Military Medical University, 12108, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hoa Vu Thi
- Department of Military Hygiene, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Chuyen Nguyen Van
- Department of Military Hygiene, Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nghi Tran Ngoc
- Ministry of Health, Vietnam Government, Hanoi, 10060, Vietnam
| | - Trung Do Minh
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Dao Duc
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tuan Tran Ngoc
- Institute of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Son Trinh The
- Military Institute of Clinical Embryology and Histology, Vietnam Military Medical University, 222 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki-Shi, Yamaguchi, 751-8503, Japan
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Mohammadparast-Tabas P, Arab-Zozani M, Naseri K, Darroudi M, Aramjoo H, Ahmadian H, Ashrafipour M, Farkhondeh T, Samarghandian S. Polychlorinated biphenyls and thyroid function: a scoping review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023:reveh-2022-0156. [PMID: 37434382 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Numerous evidence indicates the association between polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), an endocrine disrupter, with thyroid hormone disruption, contradictory findings also exist. Herein, we tried to address this question by performing a scoping review. CONTENT The search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases from 2010 onwards. Animal studies on PCBs' effect on thyroid function were searched. The SYRCLE's RoB scale assessed the risk of bias. I2 and Q tests are used for investigating heterogeneity. A random-effects model with the pooled standard means difference (SMD) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) was performed for the TSH, TT4, TT3, and FT4 outcomes using Comprehensive Meta-Analyses (CMA) Software version 3. Also, we conducted subgroup analyses based on the different types of PCB. The initial search identified 1,279 publications from the main databases 26 of them fulfilled our eligibility criteria for the study, and then five studies among selected studies had sufficient data for analysis. Meta-analysis of data revealed that Aroclor 1260 (SDM: -0.47, 95 % CI: -0.92, -0.01, p=0.044) and PCB 126 (SDM: 0.17, 95 % CI: -0.40, 0.75, p=0.559) significantly increased TSH concentration in the exposed groups vs. the control groups. Related to the effects of PCBs on the TT4, our findings indicated a significant reduction the TT4 concentration of animals exposed to Aroclor 1260 (SDM: -5.62, 95 % CI: -8.30, -2.94, p=0.0001), PCB 118 (SDM: -6.24, 95 % CI: -7.76, -4.72, p=0.0001), PCB 126 (SDM: -1.81, 95 % CI: -2.90, -0.71, p=0.001), and PCB 153 (SDM: -1.32, 95 % CI: -2.29, -0.35, p=0.007) vs. the controls. Our meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in TT3 concentration following exposure to PCB 118 and PCB 153 (SDM: -0.89, 95 % CI: -1.36, -0.42, p=0.0001, and SDM: -1.45, 95 % CI: -2.15, -0.75, p=0.0001, respectively). Aroclor 1254 and PCB 126 significantly decreased TT3 concentration (SDM: 1.25, 95 % CI: 0.29, 2.21, p=0.01 and SDM: 3.33, 95 % CI: 2.49, 4.18, p=0.0001, respectively). PCB 126 significantly decreased FT4 in the exposed groups vs. the control groups (SDM: -7.80, 95 % CI: -11.51, -5.35, p=0.0001). SUMMARY Our findings showed an association between PCBs exposure and hypothyroidism in rodents, fish, and chicken embryos. OUTLOOK Regarding to the most evidence of hypothyroidism effects of PCBs in animal species, it is necessary to consider large cohort studies to address the association between PCBs exposure and thyroid function impairment in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morteza Arab-Zozani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Kobra Naseri
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Hamed Aramjoo
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hanie Ahmadian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mostafa Ashrafipour
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Network Toxicology Guided Mechanism Study on the Association between Thyroid Function and Exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls Mixture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:2394398. [PMID: 36203481 PMCID: PMC9532094 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2394398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent and highly toxic pollutants, which can accumulate in organisms and produce toxic effects, especially damaging the function of thyroid hormones. So far, the molecular mechanism of PCBs mixture and their metabolites interfering with thyroid hormones has not been studied thoroughly except for individual compounds. In this study, PubMed, Web of Science, and STITCH databases were used to search PCBs and their corresponding target proteins. The intersection of PCBs and thyroid hormone dysfunction target proteins was obtained from GeneCards. The “compounds-targets-pathways” network was constructed by Cytoscape software. And KEGG and Go analyses were performed for key targets. Finally, molecular docking was used to verify the binding effect. Four major active components, five key targets, and 10 kernel pathways were successfully screened by constructing the network. Functional enrichment analysis showed that the interference was mediated by cancer, proteoglycans, PI3K-Akt, thyroid hormone, and FoxO signaling pathways. The molecular docking results showed that the binding energies were less than -5 kcal·mol-1. PCBs and their metabolites may act on the key targets of MAPK3, MAPK1, RXRA, PIK3R1, and TP53. The toxic effect of sulfated and methyl sulfone PCBs is greater. The method of screening targets based on the simultaneous action of multiple PCBs can provide a reference for other research. The targets were not found in previous metabolite toxicity studies. It also provides a bridge for the toxic effects and experimental research of PCBs and their metabolites in the future.
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Sciarrillo R, Falzarano A, Gallicchio V, Mileo A, De Falco M. Toxic Effects on Thyroid Gland of Male Adult Lizards ( Podarcis Siculus) in Contact with PolyChlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)-Contaminated Soil. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4790. [PMID: 35563180 PMCID: PMC9102276 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin exposure is considered a potentially significant but little-studied pathway for PolyChlorinated Biphenyls uptake in terrestrial reptiles. In this study, a native Italian lizard, Podarcis siculus, was exposed to PCBs-contaminated soil for 120 days. Tissues distribution of PCBs, thyroid hormone levels, and thyroid histo-physiopathology were examined. The accumulation of PCBs in skin, plasma, liver, kidney, and brain were highest at 120 days. The alteration of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) levels after different concentrations and times to exposure of PCBs was accompanied by the changes in the hormones involved in the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis, namely Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH) and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH). Moreover, hepatic levels of deiodinase II (5'ORDII) and content of T3 were positively correlated to exposure to PCBs. These results indicated that in lizards, PCBs exposure through the skin has the potential to disrupt the thyroid endocrine system. Overall, the observed results indicate that PCBs could be associated with changes in thyroid homeostasis in these reptiles, through direct interactions with the metabolism of T4 and T3 through the HPT axis or indirect interactions with peripheral deiodination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Sciarrillo
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Falzarano
- Department of Science and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy;
| | - Vito Gallicchio
- Vascular Surgery, Hospital of National Importance San Giuseppe Moscati, Via Contrada Amoretta, 83100 Avellino, Italy;
| | - Aldo Mileo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.F.)
| | - Maria De Falco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80126 Naples, Italy; (A.M.); (M.D.F.)
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), 00136 Rome, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), 80055 Portici, Italy
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Vansell NR. Mechanisms by Which Inducers of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes Alter Thyroid Hormones in Rats. Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:508-517. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Dai Z, Zhao F, Li Y, Xu J, Liu Z. The Environmental Pollutant Bromophenols Interfere With Sulfotransferase That Mediates Endocrine Hormones. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:814373. [PMID: 35069453 PMCID: PMC8777265 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.814373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromophenols (BPs), known as an important environmental contaminant, can cause endocrine disruption and other chronic toxicity. The study aimed to investigate the potential inhibitory capability of BPs on four human sulfotransferase isoforms (SULT1A1, SULT1A3, SULT1B1 and SULT1E1) and interpret how to interfere with endocrine hormone metabolism. P-nitrophenol(PNP) was utilized as a nonselective probe substrate, and recombinant SULT isoforms were utilized as the enzyme resources. PNP and its metabolite PNP-sulfate were analyzed using a UPLC-UV detecting system. SULT1A1 and SULT1B1 were demonstrated to be the most vulnerable SULT isoforms towards BPs' inhibition. To determine the inhibition kinetics, 2,4,6-TBP and SULT1A3 were selected as the representative BPs and SULT isoform respectively. The competitive inhibition of 2,4,6-TBP on SULT1A3. The fitting equation was y=90.065x+1466.7, and the inhibition kinetic parameter (Ki) was 16.28 µM. In vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE) showed that the threshold concentration of 2,4,6-TBP to induce inhibition of SULT1A3 was 1.628 µM. In silico docking, the method utilized indicated that more hydrogen bonds formation contributed to the stronger inhibition of 3,5-DBP than 3-BP. In conclusion, our study gave the full description of the inhibition of BPs towards four SULT isoforms, which may provide a new perspective on the toxicity mechanism of BPs and further explain the interference of BPs on endocrine hormone metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Dai
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Furong Zhao
- Research Department, Dalian Innovation Center of Laboratory Medicine Mass Spectrometry Technology, Dalian, China
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Research Department, Dalian Innovation Center of Laboratory Medicine Mass Spectrometry Technology, Dalian, China
- Research Department, Clinical Mass Spectrometry Profession Technology Innovation Center of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- *Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu,
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Tahir E, Cordier S, Courtemanche Y, Forget-Dubois N, Desrochers-Couture M, Bélanger RE, Ayotte P, Jacobson JL, Jacobson SW, Muckle G. Effects of polychlorinated biphenyls exposure on physical growth from birth to childhood and adolescence: A prospective cohort study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 189:109924. [PMID: 32798778 PMCID: PMC7529953 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Given that their traditional lifestyle and diet still relies on fish and other marine species for sustenance, the Inuit are highly exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and PCBs are increasingly linked to obesity. However, evidence is not consistent regarding which periods of exposure are most relevant. In this study, we examine whether in utero, childhood, and adolescent exposure to PCBs are related to physical growth at adolescence. METHOD Inuit adolescents from Canada (N=212) enrolled in a prospective longitudinal cohort study since birth were assessed for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass index (FMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI) at 18 years of age. PCB 153 concentrations were quantified in blood samples obtained at birth (umbilical cord), 11, and 18 years of age. Maternal anthropometrics were measured and those for the newborns collected from medical records. Data on biological mothers and participants' sociodemographic characteristics and food security were collected using interviews. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to test associations between PCB 153 concentrations and adolescent anthropometric measures. RESULTS Cord PCB 153 was not related to height or FFMI at adolescence. By contrast, analyses showed that cord PCB 153 was related to higher BMI, FMI and marginally to weight in girls but not boys. Child PCB 153 was not related to height, weight or FFMI in adolescence. Child PCB 153 was related to lower BMI and FMI at adolescence in both sexes, particularly among those considered overweight or obese during childhood. Adolescent PCB 153 was not associated with any outcome. CONCLUSION This study suggests that prenatal exposure to PCBs may have a long-term effect on growth in early adulthood among girls and identifies the peri-pubertal period as another window of sensitivity for the action of PCBs. Our findings also suggest that exposure to PCBs and body size be documented in multiple time periods from infancy to adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Tahir
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvaine Cordier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de Recherche en Santé, Environnement et Travail), UMR_S1085, F-35000, Rennes, France
| | - Yohann Courtemanche
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Nadine Forget-Dubois
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Richard E Bélanger
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; Département de Pédiatrie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; Centre de Toxicologie du Québec, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Joseph L Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Sandra W Jacobson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Québec, Canada; École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada.
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Heiger-Bernays WJ, Tomsho KS, Basra K, Petropoulos ZE, Crawford K, Martinez A, Hornbuckle KC, Scammell MK. Human health risks due to airborne polychlorinated biphenyls are highest in New Bedford Harbor communities living closest to the harbor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 710:135576. [PMID: 31785914 PMCID: PMC7015809 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In response to concerns raised by communities surrounding the New Bedford Harbor Superfund site, we completed a field and modeling study that concluded the harbor is the primary source of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in air around the harbor. The follow-up question from residents was whether the PCBs measured in air pose a risk to their health. The US Environmental Protection Agency focuses their site-specific, risk-based decisions for site clean-up on cancers. We focused our assessment on the non-cancer effects on the thyroid based on the congener specific patterns and concentrations of PCBs measured in air near and distant to the harbor. Human and animal studies of PCB-induced effects on the thyroid provide evidence to support our analysis. Drawing from the published toxicological data, we used a Margin of Exposure (MOE) approach to derive a human-equivalent concentration in air associated with human health effects on the thyroid. Based on the MOEs calculated herein, evaluation of the MOE indicates that changes in thyroid hormone levels are possible among people living adjacent to the Harbor. Changes in thyroid hormone levels are more likely among people who live near the harbor compared to residents living in areas distant from the harbor. This risk assessment documents potential health risks associated with proximity to a marine Superfund Site using site-specific ambient air PCB congener data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy J Heiger-Bernays
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
| | - Kathryn Scott Tomsho
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Komal Basra
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Zoe E Petropoulos
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kathryn Crawford
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Andres Martinez
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, 4105 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Keri C Hornbuckle
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering, 4105 Seamans Center for the Engineering Arts and Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Madeleine K Scammell
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, 715 Albany St., Talbot Building, Boston, MA 02118, United States
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Takaguchi K, Nishikawa H, Mizukawa H, Tanoue R, Yokoyama N, Ichii O, Takiguchi M, Nakayama SMM, Ikenaka Y, Kunisue T, Ishizuka M, Tanabe S, Iwata H, Nomiyama K. Effects of PCB exposure on serum thyroid hormone levels in dogs and cats. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1172-1183. [PMID: 31726548 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) might disrupt thyroid function. However, there is no clear evidence of PCB exposure disrupting thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis in dogs and cats. The present study conducted in vivo experiments to evaluate the effects of a mixture of 12 PCB congeners (CB18, 28, 70, 77, 99, 101, 118, 138, 153, 180, 187 and 202, each congener 0.5 mg/kg BW, i.p. administration) on serum TH levels in male dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and male cats (Felis silvestris catus). In PCB-exposed dogs, the time courses of higher-chlorinated PCBs and L-thyroxine (T4)-like OH-PCBs (4-OH-CB107 and 4-OH-CB202) concentrations were unchanged or tended to increase, whereas those of lower-chlorinated PCBs and OH-PCBs tended to decrease after 24 h. In PCB-exposed cats, concentrations of PCBs increased until 6 h and then remained unchanged. The levels of lower-chlorinated OH-PCBs including 4'-OH-CB18 increased until 96 h and then decreased. In PCB-exposed dogs, free T4 concentrations were higher than those in the control group at 48 and 96 h after PCB administration and positively correlated with the levels of T4-like OH-PCBs, suggesting competitive binding of T4 and T4-like OH-PCBs to a TH transporter, transthyretin. Serum levels of total T4 and total 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in PCB-exposed dogs were lower than in the control group at 24 and 48 h and negatively correlated with PCB concentrations, implying that PCB exposure enhanced TH excretion by increasing TH uptake and TH conjugation enzyme activities in the dog liver. In contrast, no obvious changes in TH levels were observed in PCB-exposed cats. This could be explained by the lower levels of T4-like OH-PCBs and lower hepatic conjugation enzyme activities in cats compared with dogs. Different effects on serum TH levels in PCB-exposed dogs and cats are likely to be attributable to species-specific PCB and TH metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohki Takaguchi
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishikawa
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hazuki Mizukawa
- Department of Science and Technology for Biological Resources and Environment, Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, Tarumi 3-5-7, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8566, Japan
| | - Rumi Tanoue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Nozomu Yokoyama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ichii
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Takiguchi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shouta M M Nakayama
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ikenaka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan; Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, Potchefstroom Campus, North-West University, X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
| | - Tatsuya Kunisue
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Mayumi Ishizuka
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18, Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Tanabe
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Hisato Iwata
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
| | - Kei Nomiyama
- Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, Bunkyo-cho 2-5, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan.
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Knutsen HK, Alexander J, Barregård L, Bignami M, Brüschweiler B, Ceccatelli S, Cottrill B, Dinovi M, Edler L, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Petersen A, Rose M, Roudot AC, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Vollmer G, Wallace H, Fürst P, Håkansson H, Halldorsson T, Lundebye AK, Pohjanvirta R, Rylander L, Smith A, van Loveren H, Waalkens-Berendsen I, Zeilmaker M, Binaglia M, Gómez Ruiz JÁ, Horváth Z, Christoph E, Ciccolallo L, Ramos Bordajandi L, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. Risk for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed and food. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05333. [PMID: 32625737 PMCID: PMC7009407 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific opinion on the risks for animal and human health related to the presence of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and DL-PCBs in feed and food. The data from experimental animal and epidemiological studies were reviewed and it was decided to base the human risk assessment on effects observed in humans and to use animal data as supportive evidence. The critical effect was on semen quality, following pre- and postnatal exposure. The critical study showed a NOAEL of 7.0 pg WHO2005-TEQ/g fat in blood sampled at age 9 years based on PCDD/F-TEQs. No association was observed when including DL-PCB-TEQs. Using toxicokinetic modelling and taking into account the exposure from breastfeeding and a twofold higher intake during childhood, it was estimated that daily exposure in adolescents and adults should be below 0.25 pg TEQ/kg bw/day. The CONTAM Panel established a TWI of 2 pg TEQ/kg bw/week. With occurrence and consumption data from European countries, the mean and P95 intake of total TEQ by Adolescents, Adults, Elderly and Very Elderly varied between, respectively, 2.1 to 10.5, and 5.3 to 30.4 pg TEQ/kg bw/week, implying a considerable exceedance of the TWI. Toddlers and Other Children showed a higher exposure than older age groups, but this was accounted for when deriving the TWI. Exposure to PCDD/F-TEQ only was on average 2.4- and 2.7-fold lower for mean and P95 exposure than for total TEQ. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs are transferred to milk and eggs, and accumulate in fatty tissues and liver. Transfer rates and bioconcentration factors were identified for various species. The CONTAM Panel was not able to identify reference values in most farm and companion animals with the exception of NOAELs for mink, chicken and some fish species. The estimated exposure from feed for these species does not imply a risk.
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Llop S, Murcia M, Alvarez-Pedrerol M, Grimalt JO, Santa-Marina L, Julvez J, Goñi-Irigoyen F, Espada M, Ballester F, Rebagliato M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ. Association between exposure to organochlorine compounds and maternal thyroid status: Role of the iodothyronine deiodinase 1 gene. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2017; 104:83-90. [PMID: 28395858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to organochlorine compounds (OCs) may interfere with thyroid hormone (TH) homeostasis. The disruption of the deiodinase (DIO) enzymes has been proposed as a mechanism of action. AIM To evaluate the association between exposure to OCs and TH status in pregnant women, as well as to explore the role of genetic variations in the DIO1 and DIO2 genes. METHODS The study population (n=1128) was composed of pregnant women who participated in the INMA Project (Spain, 2003-2006). Hexachlorobenzene (HCB), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethylene (4,4´-DDE), b-hexachlorocyclohexane (b-HCH), polychlorobiphenyl (PCB) congeners 138, 153 and 180, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free thyroxine (FT4) were measured in serum samples taken during the first trimester of pregnancy (mean [standard deviation (SD)]: 13.5 [2] weeks of gestation). Polymorphisms in DIO1 (rs2235544) and DIO2 (rs12885300) were genotyped in maternal DNA. Sociodemographic and dietary characteristics were obtained by questionnaire. RESULTS A 2-fold increase in HCB was associated with lower TT3 (% change=-1.48; 95%CI: -2.36, -0.60). Women in the third tertile for b-HCH had lower TT3 (% change=-3.19; 95%CI: -5.64, -0.67). The interactions between DIO1 rs2235544 and PCB153 and b-HCH were statistically significant. The inverse association between PCB153 and TT3 was the strongest among women with AA genotype. Women with CC genotype presented the strongest inverse association between b-HCH and FT4. CONCLUSION Exposure to HCB and b-HCH was associated to a disruption in maternal TT3. The DIO1 rs2235544 SNP modified the association between exposure to some of the OCs (specifically b-HCH and PCB153) and maternal thyroid hormone levels. These results strengthen the hypothesis that DIO enzymes play a role in explaining the disruption of thyroid hormones in relation to exposure to OCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Llop
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan O Grimalt
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDÆA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loreto Santa-Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, San Sebastián, Spain; Departamento de Sanidad Gobierno Vasco, Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jordi Julvez
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain; Institut Municipal d'Investigació Mèdica (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Goñi-Irigoyen
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Biodonostia, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica, San Sebastián, Spain; Public Health Laboratory, Basque Government, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Ferran Ballester
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marisa Rebagliato
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Lopez-Espinosa
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain; Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Dong H, Gill S, Curran IH, Williams A, Kuo B, Wade MG, Yauk CL. Toxicogenomic assessment of liver responses following subchronic exposure to furan in Fischer F344 rats. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:1351-67. [PMID: 26194646 PMCID: PMC4873526 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Furan is a widely used industrial chemical and a contaminant in heated foods. Chronic furan exposure causes cholangiocarcinoma and hepatocellular tumors in rats at doses of 2 mg/kg bw/day or greater, with gender differences in frequency and severity. The hepatic transcriptional alterations induced by low doses of furan (doses below those previously tested for induction of liver tumors) and the potential mechanisms underlying gender differences are largely unexplored. We used DNA microarrays to examine the global hepatic mRNA and microRNA transcriptional profiles of male and female rats exposed to 0, 0.03, 0.12, 0.5 or 2 mg/kg bw/day furan over 90 days. Marked gender differences in gene expression responses to furan were observed, with many more altered genes in exposed males than females, confirming the increased sensitivity of males even at the low doses. Pathway analysis supported that key events in furan-induced liver tumors in males include gene expression changes related to oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammatory response, while pathway changes in females were consistent with primarily adaptive responses. Pathway benchmark doses (BMDs) were estimated and compared to relevant apical endpoints. Transcriptional pathway BMDs could only be examined in males. These median BMDs ranged from 0.08 to 1.43 mg/kg bw/day and approximated those derived from traditional histopathology. MiR-34a (a P53 target) was the only microRNA significantly increased at the 2 mg/kg bw/day, providing evidence to support the importance of apoptosis and cell proliferation in furan hepatotoxicity. Overall, this study demonstrates the use of transcriptional profiling to discern mode of action and mechanisms involved in gender differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Dong
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Santokh Gill
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Ivan H Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Andrew Williams
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Byron Kuo
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Michael G Wade
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - Carole L Yauk
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Frawley R, DeVito M, Walker NJ, Birnbaum L, White K, Smith M, Maynor T, Recio L, Germolec D. Relative potency for altered humoral immunity induced by polybrominated and polychlorinated dioxins/furans in female B6C3F1/N mice. Toxicol Sci 2014; 139:488-500. [PMID: 24713691 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of brominated flame retardants and incineration of bromine-containing materials has lead to an increase in polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in the environment. Measurable amounts of PBDD/Fs have been detected in soil, seafood, and human breast milk and serum. Studies indicate that the relative potencies of some PBDD/Fs based on enzyme induction are equivalent to those of some polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans. To assess the humoral immunity relative potencies of PBDD/Fs and compare them to their chlorinated analogs, female B6C3F1/N mice received a single oral exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), 2,3,7,8-tetrabromodibenzofuran (TBDF), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran (TCDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (1PeBDF), 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (1PeCDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentabromodibenzofuran (4PeBDF), 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4PeCDF), 2,3-dibromo-7,8-dichlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (DBDCDD), or 2,3,7-tribromodibenzo-p-dioxin (TriBDD). Inhibition of the immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody forming cell response was measured 4 days following immunization with sheep red blood cells. The data were fit to a Hill model to estimate the ED50 for inhibition. Expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme (XME) and thyroxine transport protein (Ttr) genes in liver was measured by PCR to assess aryl hydrocarbon-mediated responses. TCDD, TBDF, TCDF, 1PeBDF, 4PeBDF, 4PeCDF, and DBDCDD suppressed the IgM antibody response and Ttr gene expression, and upregulated phase I XME genes. 1PeCDF suppressed the IgM antibody response but only upregulated phase I XME genes; TriBDD had no effect on antibody response. The rank order of potency (ED50) for these chemicals was TCDD>TBDF>4PeBDF>TCDF/4PeCDF/1PeBDF>1PeCDF. Whereas TCDD was the most potent compound tested, the brominated analogs were more potent than their chlorinated analogs, suggesting that these compounds should be considered in toxic equivalency factor evaluation and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Frawley
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
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Richardson VM, Ferguson SS, Sey YM, DeVito MJ. In vitrometabolism of thyroxine by rat and human hepatocytes. Xenobiotica 2013; 44:391-403. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2013.847990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Murk AJ, Rijntjes E, Blaauboer BJ, Clewell R, Crofton KM, Dingemans MML, Furlow JD, Kavlock R, Köhrle J, Opitz R, Traas T, Visser TJ, Xia M, Gutleb AC. Mechanism-based testing strategy using in vitro approaches for identification of thyroid hormone disrupting chemicals. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:1320-46. [PMID: 23453986 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone (TH) system is involved in several important physiological processes, including regulation of energy metabolism, growth and differentiation, development and maintenance of brain function, thermo-regulation, osmo-regulation, and axis of regulation of other endocrine systems, sexual behaviour and fertility and cardiovascular function. Therefore, concern about TH disruption (THD) has resulted in strategies being developed to identify THD chemicals (THDCs). Information on potential of chemicals causing THD is typically derived from animal studies. For the majority of chemicals, however, this information is either limited or unavailable. It is also unlikely that animal experiments will be performed for all THD relevant chemicals in the near future for ethical, financial and practical reasons. In addition, typical animal experiments often do not provide information on the mechanism of action of THDC, making it harder to extrapolate results across species. Relevant effects may not be identified in animal studies when the effects are delayed, life stage specific, not assessed by the experimental paradigm (e.g., behaviour) or only occur when an organism has to adapt to environmental factors by modulating TH levels. Therefore, in vitro and in silico alternatives to identify THDC and quantify their potency are needed. THDC have many potential mechanisms of action, including altered hormone production, transport, metabolism, receptor activation and disruption of several feed-back mechanisms. In vitro assays are available for many of these endpoints, and the application of modern '-omics' technologies, applicable for in vivo studies can help to reveal relevant and possibly new endpoints for inclusion in a targeted THDC in vitro test battery. Within the framework of the ASAT initiative (Assuring Safety without Animal Testing), an international group consisting of experts in the areas of thyroid endocrinology, toxicology of endocrine disruption, neurotoxicology, high-throughput screening, computational biology, and regulatory affairs has reviewed the state of science for (1) known mechanisms for THD plus examples of THDC; (2) in vitro THD tests currently available or under development related to these mechanisms; and (3) in silico methods for estimating the blood levels of THDC. Based on this scientific review, the panel has recommended a battery of test methods to be able to classify chemicals as of less or high concern for further hazard and risk assessment for THD. In addition, research gaps and needs are identified to be able to optimize and validate the targeted THD in vitro test battery for a mechanism-based strategy for a decision to opt out or to proceed with further testing for THD.
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Affiliation(s)
- AlberTinka J Murk
- Wageningen University, Sub-department of Toxicology, Tuinlaan 5, 6703 HE Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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