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Finamore C, De Marino S, Cassiano C, Napolitano G, Rapacciuolo P, Marchianò S, Biagioli M, Roselli R, Di Giorgio C, Festa C, Fiorucci S, Zampella A. BAR502/fibrate conjugates: synthesis, biological evaluation and metabolic profile. Front Chem 2024; 12:1425867. [PMID: 39086986 PMCID: PMC11289669 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1425867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BAR502, a bile acid analogue, is active as dual FXR/GPBAR1 agonist and represents a promising lead for the treatment of cholestasis and NASH. In this paper we report the synthesis and the biological evaluation of a library of hybrid compounds prepared by combining, through high-yield condensation reaction, some fibrates with BAR502.The activity of the new conjugates was evaluated towards FXR, GPBAR1 and PPARα receptors, employing transactivation or cofactor recruitment assays. Compound 1 resulted as the most promising of the series and was subjected to further pharmacological investigation, together with stability evaluation and cell permeation assessment. We have proved by LCMS analysis that compound 1 is hydrolyzed in mice releasing clofibric acid and BAR505, the oxidized metabolite of BAR502, endowed with retained dual FXR/GPBAR1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Biagioli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Roselli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Mandal S, Faizan S, Raghavendra NM, Kumar BRP. Molecular dynamics articulated multilevel virtual screening protocol to discover novel dual PPAR α/γ agonists for anti-diabetic and metabolic applications. Mol Divers 2023; 27:2605-2631. [PMID: 36437421 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-022-10571-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PPARα and PPARγ are isoforms of the nuclear receptor superfamily which regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARα and PPARγ receptors by exogenous ligands could transactivate the expression of PPARα and PPARγ-dependent genes, and thereby, metabolic pathways get triggered, which are helpful to ameliorate treatment for the type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related metabolic complications. Herein, by understanding the structural requirements for ligands to activate PPARα and PPARγ proteins, we developed a multilevel in silico-based virtual screening protocol to identify novel chemical scaffolds and further design and synthesize two distinct series of glitazone derivatives with advantages over the classical PPARα and PPARγ agonists. Moreover, the synthesized compounds were biologically evaluated for PPARα and PPARγ transactivation potency from nuclear extracts of 3T3-L1 cell. Furthermore, glucose uptake assay on L6 cells confirmed the potency of the synthesized compounds toward glucose regulation. Percentage lipid-lowering potency was also assessed through triglyceride estimate from 3T3-L1 cell extracts. Results suggested the ligand binding mode was in orthosteric fashion as similar to classical agonists. Thus molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation experiments were executed to validate our hypothesis on mode of ligands binding and protein complex stability. Altogether, the present study developed a newer protocol for virtual screening and enables to design of novel glitazones for activation of PPARα and PPARγ-mediated pathways. Accordingly, present approach will offer benefit as a therapeutic strategy against type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Mandal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, S. S. Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | - Syed Faizan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, S. S. Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India
| | | | - B R Prashantha Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, S. S. Nagar, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
- JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, Karnataka, 570015, India.
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Pan S, Guo Y, Yu W, Zhang J, Qiao X, Li L, Xu P, Zhai Y. Constitutive Androstane Receptor Agonist, TCPOBOP: Maternal Exposure Impairs the Growth and Development of Female Offspring in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2602. [PMID: 36768963 PMCID: PMC9917268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental chemicals, which are known to impact offspring health, have become a public concern. Constitutive activated receptor (CAR) is activated by various environmental chemicals and participates in xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we described the effects of maternal exposure to the CAR-specific ligand 1,4-bis[2-(3,5-dichloropyridyloxy)] benzene (TCPOBOP, TC) on offspring health outcomes. Maternal TC exposure exhibited a stronger inhibition of body weight in 3-week-old and 8-week-old first-generation (F1) offspring female mice compared to controls. Further, maternal TC exposure obtained a strong increase in hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme expression in 3-week-old female mice that persisted into 8-week-old adulthood. Interestingly, we observed distorted intestinal morphological features in 8-week-old F1 female mice in the TC-exposed group. Moreover, maternal TC exposure triggered a loss of intestinal barrier integrity by reducing the expression of intestinal tight junction proteins. Accordingly, maternal exposure to TC down-regulated serum triglyceride levels as well as decreased the expression of intestinal lipid uptake and transport marker genes. Mechanistically, maternal TC exposure activated the intestinal inflammatory response and disrupted the antioxidant system in the offspring female mice, thereby impeding the intestinal absorption of nutrients and seriously threatening offspring health. Altogether, these findings highlight that the effects of maternal TC exposure on offspring toxicity could not be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wen Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Qiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Letong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Yonggong Zhai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory for Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of State Education Ministry, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Ding Z, Zhao Y, Liu J, Ge W, Xu X, Wang S, Zhang J. Dietary Succinoglycan Riclin Improves Glycemia Control in Mice with Type 2 Diabetes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:1819-1829. [PMID: 35132858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Riclin is a typical succinoglycan produced by an agrobacterium isolate. Our previous investigation has revealed that oral riclin restores the islet function in type 1 diabetic mice. However, whether dietary riclin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is unknown. Here, we found that dietary riclin (20 and 40 mg/kg) for 4 weeks significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (55 and 67%), improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased insulin resistance in high-fat-diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-induced T2D. Riclin reduced the proportion of T helper 1 cell subsets in diabetic mice, alleviated pancreatic inflammation, and protected islet function. Moreover, dietary riclin enriched the diversity of gut microflora and restored the relative abundance of several bacterial genera in diabetes, including the strains of Clostridium, Parasutterella, Klebsiella, and Bacteroides. In db/db diabetic mice, riclin also improves glycemia control as observed in HFD/STZ-induced T2D mice. These data suggest that riclin has potential to be a functional food to treat T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Ding
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junhao Liu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Wenhao Ge
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Natural product-based screening led to the discovery of a novel PXR agonist with anti-cholestasis activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 43:2139-2146. [PMID: 34931017 PMCID: PMC9343401 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholestasis is a major cause of a series of bile flow malfunction-related liver diseases. Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a key regulator in endo- and xeno-biotics metabolism, which has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for cholestasis. In this study we conducted human PXR (hPXR) agonistic screening using dual-luciferase reporter gene assays, which led to discovering a series of potent hPXR agonists from a small Euphorbiaceae diterpenoid library, containing 35 structurally diverse diterpenoids with eight different skeleton types. The most active compound 6, a lathyrane diterpenoid (5/11/3 ring system), dose-dependently activated hPXR with a high selectivity, and significantly upregulated the expression of hPXR downstream genes CYP3A4 and UGT1A1. In LCA-induced cholestasis mouse model, administration of compound 6 (50 mg· kg-1. d-1, ip) for 7 days significantly suppressed liver necrosis and decreased serum levels of AST, ALT, Tbili, ALP, and TBA, ameliorating LCA-induced cholestatic liver injury. We further revealed that compound 6 exerted its anti-cholestatic efficacy via activation of PXR pathway, accelerating the detoxification of toxic BAs and promoting liver regeneration. These results suggest that lathyrane diterpenoids may serve as a promising scaffold for future development of anti-cholestasis drugs.
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6
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Huang D, Wang RM, Li W, Zhao YY, Yuan FY, Yan XL, Chen Y, Tang GH, Bi HC, Yin S. Lathyrane Diterpenoids as Novel hPXR Agonists: Isolation, Structural Modification, and Structure-Activity Relationships. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1159-1165. [PMID: 34267886 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) that orchestrates the intricate network of xeno- and endobiotic metabolism is considered as a promising therapeutic target for cholestasis. In this study, the human PXR (hPXR) agonistic bioassay-guided isolation of Euphorbia lathyris followed by the structural modification led to the construction of a lathyrane diterpenoid library (1-34). Subsequent assay of this library led to the identification of a series of potent hPXR agonists, showing better efficacy than that of typical hPXR agonist, rifampicin. The most active compound, 8, could dose-dependently activate hPXR at micromolar concentrations and significantly up-regulate the expressions of PXR downstream genes CYP3A4, CYP2B6, and MDR1. The structure-activity relationships (SARs) studied in combination with molecular modeling suggested that acyloxy at C-7 and the presence of 14-carbonyl were essential to the activity. These findings suggested that lathyrane diterpenoids could serve as a new type of hPXR agonist for future anticholestasis drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rui-Min Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ying-Yuan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang-Yu Yuan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xue-Long Yan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ye Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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7
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Nuclear Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091921. [PMID: 32824945 PMCID: PMC7563802 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear receptor (NR) superfamily has been studied extensively in many solid tumors and some receptors have been targeted to develop therapies. However, their roles in leukemia are less clear and vary considerably among different types of leukemia. Some NRs participate in mediating the differentiation of myeloid cells, making them attractive therapeutic targets for myeloid leukemia. To date, the success of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) remains a classical and unsurpassable example of cancer differentiation therapy. ATRA targets retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and forces differentiation and/or apoptosis of leukemic cells. In addition, ligands/agonists of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) have also been shown to inhibit proliferation, induce differentiation, and promote apoptosis of leukemic cells. Encouragingly, combining different NR agonists or the addition of NR agonists to chemotherapies have shown some synergistic anti-leukemic effects. This review will summarize recent research findings and discuss the therapeutic potential of selected NRs in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, focusing on RAR, VDR, PPAR, and retinoid X receptor (RXR). We believe that more mechanistic studies in this field will not only shed new lights on the roles of NRs in leukemia, but also further expand the clinical applications of existing therapeutic agents targeting NRs.
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Wu Y, Zhou A, Tang L, Lei Y, Tang B, Zhang L. Bile Acids: Key Regulators and Novel Treatment Targets for Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:6138438. [PMID: 32733968 PMCID: PMC7383344 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6138438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), characterized by insulin resistance and unclear pathogenesis, is a serious menace to human health. Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and play an important role in maintaining cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, increasing studies suggest that bile acids may regulate glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and energy metabolism, suggesting that bile acids may represent a potential therapeutic target for T2DM. This study summarizes the metabolism of bile acids and, more importantly, changes in their concentrations, constitution, and receptors in diabetes. Furthermore, we provide an overview of the mechanisms underlying the role of bile acids in glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as the occurrence and development of T2DM. Bile acid-targeted therapy may represent a valid approach for T2DM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - An Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Li Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Linjing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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9
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Abstract
This review provides a historical perspective of bile acids and their receptors as therapeutic targets. Bile acids are atypical steroids generated by the liver from cholesterol and have been used for almost half a century for treating liver and biliary disorders. Since the early 1970s of the last century, chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a primary bile acid, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a secondary bile acid and the 7βepimer of CDCA, have been shown effective in promoting the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones. However, lack of activity and side effects associated with the use of CDCA, along with the advent of laparoscopic cholecystectomy, have greatly reduced the clinical relevance of this application. At the turn of the century, however, the discovery that bile acids activate specific receptors, along with the discovery that those receptors are placed at the interface of the host and intestinal microbiota regulating physiologically relevant enterohepatic and entero-pancreatic axes, has led to a "bile acid renaissance." Similarly to other steroids, bile acids bind and activate both cell surface and nuclear receptors, including the bile acid sensor farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and a G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor, known as GPBAR1 (TGR5). Both receptors have been proved druggable, and several highly potent, selective, and nonselective ligands for the two receptors have been discovered in the last two decades. Currently, in addition to obeticholic acid, a semisynthetic derivative of CDCA and the first in class of FXR ligands approved for clinical use, either selective or dual FXR and GPBAR1 ligands, have been developed, and some of them are undergoing pre-approval trials. The effects of FXR and GPBAR1 ligands in different therapeutic area are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Fiorucci
- Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
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Julien B, Pinteur C, Vega N, Vidal H, Naville D, Le Magueresse-Battistoni B. Estrogen withdrawal and replacement differentially target liver and adipose tissues in female mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet: impact of a chronic exposure to a low-dose pollutant mixture ☆. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 72:108211. [PMID: 31473509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal women may be at particular risk when exposed to chemicals especially endocrine disruptors because of hormonal deficit. To get more insight, ovariectomized C57Bl6/J mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet were chronically exposed from 5 to 20 weeks of age to a low-dose mixture of chemicals with one dioxin, one polychlorobiphenyl, one phthalate and bisphenol A. Part of the mice received as well E2 implants to explore the potential estrogenic dependency of the metabolic alterations. With this model, estrogen loss resulted in glucose but not lipid metabolism impairment, and E2 replacement normalized the enhanced body and fat pad weight, and the glucose intolerance and insulin resistance linked to ovariectomy. It also altered cholesterol metabolism in the liver concurrently with enhanced estrogen receptor Esr1 mRNA level. In addition, fat depots responded differently to estrogen withdrawal (e.g., selective mRNA enhancement of adipogenesis markers in subcutaneous and of inflammation in visceral fat pads) and replacement challenges. Importantly, the pollutant mixture impacted lipid deposition and mRNA expression of several genes related to lipid metabolism but not Esr1 in the liver. Adiponectin levels were altered as well. In addition, the mRNA abundance of the various estrogen receptors was regionally impacted in fat tissues. Besides, xenobiotic processing genes did not change in response to the pollutant mixture in the liver. The present findings bring new light on estrogen-dependent metabolic alterations with regards to situations of loss of estrogens as observed after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Julien
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Claudie Pinteur
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Nathalie Vega
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Hubert Vidal
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Danielle Naville
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France
| | - Brigitte Le Magueresse-Battistoni
- Univ-Lyon, CarMeN laboratory, INSERM U1060, INRA U1397, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, INSA Lyon, Charles Mérieux Medical School, F-69600 Oullins, France.
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Molinaro A, Caesar R, L'homme L, Koh A, Ståhlman M, Staels B, Bäckhed F. Liver-specific RORα deletion does not affect the metabolic susceptibility to western style diet feeding. Mol Metab 2019; 23:82-87. [PMID: 30904385 PMCID: PMC6479759 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The nuclear receptor superfamily is a potential target for the development of new treatments for obesity and metabolic diseases. Increasing evidence has pointed towards the retinoic acid-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORα) as an important nuclear receptor involved in several biological processes. RORα full body knockout mice display improved metabolic phenotypes on both chow and high fat (60% fat, 20% carbohydrate) diets, but also have severe behavioral abnormalities. Here we investigated the effect of hepatic RORα by generating mice with liver-specific RORα deletion to elucidate the role of this nuclear receptor on host metabolism. Methods 8 week-old mice with liver-specific RORα deletion and littermate controls were fed either chow or western-style diets (40% fat, 40% carbohydrate) for 12 weeks. Metabolic phenotyping was performed at the end of the dietary intervention. Results Here, we show that hepatic RORα deletion does not affect the metabolic susceptibility to either chow or western-style diet in terms of glucose metabolism and adiposity. Conclusions Our data indicate that liver deletion of RORα does not have a pivotal role in the regulation of hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism on chow or western-style diet. Hepatic deletion of RORα does not affect host metabolism on chow diet. Hepatic deletion of RORα does not affect host metabolism on western-style diet. Similar phenotypes between male and female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Molinaro
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Laurent L'homme
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ara Koh
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcus Ståhlman
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bart Staels
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden; Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Section for Metabolic Receptology and Enteroendocrinology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.
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12
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Cao D, Qi Z, Pang Y, Li H, Xie H, Wu J, Huang Y, Zhu Y, Shen Y, Zhu Y, Dai B, Hu X, Ye D, Wang Z. Retinoic Acid-Related Orphan Receptor C Regulates Proliferation, Glycolysis, and Chemoresistance via the PD-L1/ITGB6/STAT3 Signaling Axis in Bladder Cancer. Cancer Res 2019; 79:2604-2618. [PMID: 30808674 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-3842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor C (RORC) is a member of the nuclear orphan receptor family and performs critical regulatory functions in cell proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance in various types of malignant tumors. Here we showed that expression of RORC is lost in tumor tissues of bladder cancer patients. Enhanced expression of RORC suppressed cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. RORC bound the promoter region of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. PD-L1 directly interacted with integrin β6 (ITGB6) and activated the ITGB6/FAK signaling pathway. RORC prevented the nuclear translocation of STAT3 via suppression of the PD-L1/ITGB6 signaling pathway, which further inhibited bladder cell proliferation and glucose metabolism and increased cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These findings reveal that RORC regulates bladder cancer cell proliferation, glucose metabolism, and chemoresistance by participating in the PD-L1/ITGB6/STAT3 signaling axis. Moreover, this new understanding of PD-L1 signaling may guide the selection of therapeutic targets to prevent tumor recurrence. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that RORC-mediated regulation of a PD-L1/ITGB6/FAK/STAT3 signaling axis in bladder cancer provides several potential therapeutic targets to prevent tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalong Cao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihao Qi
- Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Pang
- Department of Urology, Jiading District Central Hospital Affiliated Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoran Li
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Junlong Wu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Huang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yijun Shen
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiping Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingwei Ye
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. .,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Herein, we review the role of FXR and TGR5 in the regulation of hepatic bile acid metabolism, with a focus on how our understanding of bile acid metabolic regulation by these receptors has evolved in recent years and how this improved understanding may facilitate targeting bile acids for type 2 diabetes treatment. RECENT FINDINGS Bile acid profile is a key regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Inhibition of expression of the enzyme that is required for cholic acid synthesis and thus determines bile acid profile, Cyp8b1, may be an effective target for type 2 diabetes treatment. FXR and, more recently, TGR5 have been shown to regulate bile acid metabolism and Cyp8b1 expression and, therefore, may provide a mechanism with which to target bile acid profile for type 2 diabetes treatment. Inhibition of Cyp8b1 expression is a promising therapeutic modality for type 2 diabetes; however, further work is needed to fully understand the pathways regulating Cyp8b1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina E Zaborska
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Bethany P Cummings
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cornell University, T3 014A Veterinary Research Tower, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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14
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Yetti H, Naito H, Yuan Y, Jia X, Hayashi Y, Tamada H, Kitamori K, Ikeda K, Yamori Y, Nakajima T. Bile acid detoxifying enzymes limit susceptibility to liver fibrosis in female SHRSP5/Dmcr rats fed with a high-fat-cholesterol diet. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192863. [PMID: 29438418 PMCID: PMC5811017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
During middle age, women are less susceptible to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) than men. Thus, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms behind these sexual differences using an established rat model of NASH. Mature female and male stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive 5/Dmcr rats were fed control or high-fat-cholesterol (HFC) diets for 2, 8, and 14 weeks. Although HFC-induced hepatic fibrosis was markedly less severe in females than in males, only minor gender differences were observed in expression levels of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP)7A1, CYP8B1 CYP27A1, and CYP7B1, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3, and bile salt export pump, which are involved in fibrosis-related bile acid (BA) kinetics. However, the BA detoxification-related enzymes UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) and sulfotransferase (SULT) 2A1, and the nuclear receptors constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X receptor (PXR), were strongly suppressed in HFC-fed males, and were only slightly changed in HFC-diet fed females. Expression levels of the farnesoid X receptor and its small heterodimer partner were similarly regulated in a gender-dependent fashion following HFC feeding. Hence, the pronounced female resistance to HFC-induced liver damage likely reflects sustained expression of the nuclear receptors CAR and PXR and the BA detoxification enzymes UGT and SULT.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bile Acids and Salts/metabolism
- Cholesterol, Dietary/administration & dosage
- Cholesterol, Dietary/adverse effects
- Constitutive Androstane Receptor
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Susceptibility
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Glucuronosyltransferase/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/etiology
- Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism
- Liver Cirrhosis/pathology
- Male
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/etiology
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/metabolism
- Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/pathology
- Pregnane X Receptor
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred SHR
- Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear/metabolism
- Receptors, Steroid/genetics
- Receptors, Steroid/metabolism
- Sex Characteristics
- Sulfotransferases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Husna Yetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisao Naito
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Xiaofang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yumi Hayashi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hazuki Tamada
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamori
- College of Human Life and Environment, Kinjo Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yukio Yamori
- Institute for World Health Development, Mukogawa Women’s University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tamie Nakajima
- College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
- * E-mail:
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15
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16
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Le Magueresse-Battistoni B, Labaronne E, Vidal H, Naville D. Endocrine disrupting chemicals in mixture and obesity, diabetes and related metabolic disorders. World J Biol Chem 2017; 8:108-119. [PMID: 28588754 PMCID: PMC5439162 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v8.i2.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic disorders represent a major societal challenge in health and quality of life with large psychological consequences in addition to physical disabilities. They are also one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Although, different etiologic factors including excessive food intake and reduced physical activity have been well identified, they cannot explain the kinetics of epidemic evolution of obesity and diabetes with prevalence rates reaching pandemic proportions. Interestingly, convincing data have shown that environmental pollutants, specifically those endowed with endocrine disrupting activities, could contribute to the etiology of these multifactorial metabolic disorders. Within this review, we will recapitulate characteristics of endocrine disruption. We will demonstrate that metabolic disorders could originate from endocrine disruption with a particular focus on convincing data from the literature. Eventually, we will present how handling an original mouse model of chronic exposition to a mixture of pollutants allowed demonstrating that a mixture of pollutants each at doses beyond their active dose could induce substantial deleterious effects on several metabolic end-points. This proof-of-concept study, as well as other studies on mixtures of pollutants, stresses the needs for revisiting the current threshold model used in risk assessment which does not take into account potential effects of mixtures containing pollutants at environmental doses, e.g., the real life exposure. Certainly, more studies are necessary to better determine the nature of the chemicals to which humans are exposed and at which level, and their health impact. As well, research studies on substitute products are essential to identify harmless molecules.
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17
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Festa C, De Marino S, Carino A, Sepe V, Marchianò S, Cipriani S, Di Leva FS, Limongelli V, Monti MC, Capolupo A, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S, Zampella A. Targeting Bile Acid Receptors: Discovery of a Potent and Selective Farnesoid X Receptor Agonist as a New Lead in the Pharmacological Approach to Liver Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:162. [PMID: 28424617 PMCID: PMC5371667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) receptors represent well-defined targets for the development of novel therapeutic approaches to metabolic and inflammatory diseases. In the present study, we report the generation of novel C-3 modified 6-ethylcholane derivatives. The pharmacological characterization and molecular docking studies for the structure-activity rationalization, allowed the identification of 3β-azido-6α-ethyl-7α-hydroxy-5β-cholan-24-oic acid (compound 2), a potent and selective FXR agonist with a nanomolar potency in transactivation assay and high efficacy in the recruitment of SRC-1 co-activator peptide in Alfa Screen assay. In vitro, compound 2 was completely inactive towards common off-targets such as the nuclear receptors PPARα, PPARγ, LXRα, and LXRβ and the membrane G-coupled BA receptor, GPBAR1. This compound when administered in vivo exerts a robust FXR agonistic activity increasing the liver expression of FXR-target genes including SHP, BSEP, OSTα, and FGF21, while represses the expression of CYP7A1 gene that is negatively regulated by FXR. Collectively these effects result in a significant reshaping of BA pool in mouse. In summary, compound 2 represents a promising candidate for drug development in liver and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II"Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II"Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Carino
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di MedicinaPerugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Sepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II"Naples, Italy
| | - Silvia Marchianò
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di MedicinaPerugia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Cipriani
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di MedicinaPerugia, Italy
| | | | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II"Naples, Italy.,Institute of Computational Science - Center for Computational Medicine in Cardiology, Faculty of Informatics, Università della Svizzera ItalianaLugano, Switzerland
| | - Maria C Monti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Angela Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of SalernoFisciano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Distrutti
- Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Ospedaliera di PerugiaPerugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di MedicinaPerugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II"Naples, Italy
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18
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Martins IJ. Magnesium Therapy Prevents Senescence with the Reversal of Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.87073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Swanson HI. Drug Metabolism by the Host and Gut Microbiota: A Partnership or Rivalry? Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1499-504. [PMID: 26261284 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of the gut microbiome in determining not only overall health, but also in the metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics, is rapidly emerging. It is becoming increasingly clear that the gut microbiota can act in concert with the host cells to maintain intestinal homeostasis, cometabolize drugs and xenobiotics, and alter the expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters and the expression and activity levels of nuclear receptors. In this myriad of activities, the impact of the microbiota may be beneficial or detrimental to the host. Given that the interplay between the gut microbiota and host cells is likely subject to high interindividual variability, this work has tremendous implications for our ability to predict accurately a particular drug's pharmacokinetics and a given patient population's response to drugs. In this issue of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, a series of articles is presented that illustrate the progress and challenges that lie ahead as we unravel the intricacies associated with drug and xenobiotic metabolism by the gut microbiota. These articles highlight the underlying mechanisms that are involved and the use of in vivo and in vitro approaches that are currently available for elucidating the role of the gut microbiota in drug and xenobiotic metabolism. These articles also shed light on exciting new avenues of research that may be pursued as we consider the role of the gut microbiota as an endocrine organ, a component of the brain-gut axis, and whether the gut microbiota is an appropriate and amenable target for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie I Swanson
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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20
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Sepe V, Distrutti E, Fiorucci S, Zampella A. Farnesoid X receptor modulators (2011 – 2014): a patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2015; 25:885-96. [DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2015.1045413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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Distrutti E, Santucci L, Cipriani S, Renga B, Schiaroli E, Ricci P, Donini A, Fiorucci S. Bile acid activated receptors are targets for regulation of integrity of gastrointestinal mucosa. J Gastroenterol 2015; 50:707-19. [PMID: 25708288 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-015-1041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are the end product of cholesterol metabolism. Synthesized in the liver, primary bile acids are secreted by hepatocytes and are transformed by intestinal microbiota into secondary bile acids. In addition to their role in cholesterol and lipid absorption, bile acids act as signaling molecules activating a family of nuclear and G-protein-coupled receptors collectively known as bile acid activated receptors (BARs). These receptors are expressed at high density in enterohepatic tissues, but their expression occurs throughout the body and their activation mediates regulatory functions of bile acids on lipids and glucose metabolism and immunity. In the gastrointestinal tract, BARs maintain intestinal integrity, and their deletion makes the intestine more susceptible to the damage caused by acetylsalicylic acid and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Deficiency in farnesoid X receptor and G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 genes alters the expression/activity of cystathione γ-lyase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, two genes involved in the synthesis of hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide, i.e., two gaseous mediators that have been shown to be essential in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis. In addition, farnesoid X receptor regulates the expression of transporters required for secretion of phospholipid by hepatocytes. Because phospholids attenuate intestinal injury caused by acetylsalicylic acid and NSAIDs, BAR agonism could be exploited to protect the intestinal mucosa against injury caused by anti-inflammatory medications. This approach might be useful in the prevention of so-called NSAID enteropathy, a common clinical condition occurring in long-term users of NSAIDs, which is not effectively prevented either by cotreatment with proton pump inhibitors or by the use of coxibs.
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22
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Steroidal scaffolds as FXR and GPBAR1 ligands: from chemistry to therapeutical application. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1109-35. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are experiencing a new life. Next to their ancestral roles in lipid digestion and solubilization, BAs are today recognized signaling molecules involved in many physiological functions. These signaling pathways involve the activation of metabolic nuclear receptors, mainly the BA sensor FXR, and the dedicated membrane G protein-coupled receptor, GPBAR1 (TGR5). As a consequence, the discovery of GPBAR1/FXR selective or dual modulators represents an important answer to the urgent demand of new pharmacological opportunity for several human diseases including dyslipidemia, cholestasis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, Type 2 diabetes and inflammation. Targeted oriented discovery of natural compounds and medicinal chemistry manipulation have allowed the development of promising drug candidates.
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23
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Renga B, Festa C, De Marino S, Di Micco S, D'Auria MV, Bifulco G, Fiorucci S, Zampella A. Molecular decodification of gymnemic acids from Gymnema sylvestre. Discovery of a new class of liver X receptor antagonists. Steroids 2015; 96:121-31. [PMID: 25668616 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The individual chemical components of commercial extract of Gymnema sylvestre, a medicinal plant used in the traditional systems of the Indian medicine for its antidiabetic and hypolipidemic properties, were isolated and evaluated for their capability to act as modulators of nuclear and membrane receptors involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis. The study disclosed for the first time that individual gymnemic acids are potent and selective antagonists for the β isoform of LXR. Indeed the above activity was shared by the most abundant aglycone gymnemagenin (10) whereas gymnestrogenin (11) was endowed with a dual LXRα/β antagonistic profile. Deep pharmacological investigation demonstrated that gymnestrogenin, reducing the expression of SREBP1c and ABCA1 in vitro, is able to decrease lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. The results of this study substantiate the use of G. sylvestre extract in LXR mediated dislypidemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Renga
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina, P.zza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Carmen Festa
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona De Marino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simone Di Micco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Maria Valeria D'Auria
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Department of Surgery and Biomedical Sciences, Nuova Facoltà di Medicina, P.zza L. Severi, 1-06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via D. Montesano, 49, I-80131 Naples, Italy.
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24
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Abstract
Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism. Hepatic bile acid synthesis accounts for a major fraction of daily cholesterol turnover in humans. Biliary secretion of bile acids generates bile flow and facilitates hepatobiliary secretion of lipids, lipophilic metabolites, and xenobiotics. In the intestine, bile acids are essential for the absorption, transport, and metabolism of dietary fats and lipid-soluble vitamins. Extensive research in the last 2 decades has unveiled new functions of bile acids as signaling molecules and metabolic integrators. The bile acid-activated nuclear receptors farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, constitutive androstane receptor, vitamin D receptor, and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor play critical roles in the regulation of lipid, glucose, and energy metabolism, inflammation, and drug metabolism and detoxification. Bile acid synthesis exhibits a strong diurnal rhythm, which is entrained by fasting and refeeding as well as nutrient status and plays an important role for maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Recent research revealed an interaction of liver bile acids and gut microbiota in the regulation of liver metabolism. Circadian disturbance and altered gut microbiota contribute to the pathogenesis of liver diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and obesity. Bile acids and their derivatives are potential therapeutic agents for treating metabolic diseases of the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiangang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
| | - John Y L Chiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas (T.L.); and Department of Integrative Medical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, Ohio (J.Y.L.C.)
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25
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Fujita H, Yagishita N, Aratani S, Saito-Fujita T, Morota S, Yamano Y, Hansson MJ, Inazu M, Kokuba H, Sudo K, Sato E, Kawahara KI, Nakajima F, Hasegawa D, Higuchi I, Sato T, Araya N, Usui C, Nishioka K, Nakatani Y, Maruyama I, Usui M, Hara N, Uchino H, Elmer E, Nishioka K, Nakajima T. The E3 ligase synoviolin controls body weight and mitochondrial biogenesis through negative regulation of PGC-1β. EMBO J 2015; 34:1042-55. [PMID: 25698262 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201489897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major global public health problem, and understanding its pathogenesis is critical for identifying a cure. In this study, a gene knockout strategy was used in post-neonatal mice to delete synoviolin (Syvn)1/Hrd1/Der3, an ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase with known roles in homeostasis maintenance. Syvn1 deficiency resulted in weight loss and lower accumulation of white adipose tissue in otherwise wild-type animals as well as in genetically obese (ob/ob and db/db) and adipose tissue-specific knockout mice as compared to control animals. SYVN1 interacted with and ubiquitinated the thermogenic coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator (PGC)-1β, and Syvn1 mutants showed upregulation of PGC-1β target genes and increase in mitochondrion number, respiration, and basal energy expenditure in adipose tissue relative to control animals. Moreover, the selective SYVN1 inhibitor LS-102 abolished the negative regulation of PGC-1β by SYVN1 and prevented weight gain in mice. Thus, SYVN1 is a novel post-translational regulator of PGC-1β and a potential therapeutic target in obesity treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Fujita
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoko Yagishita
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoko Aratani
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Saito-Fujita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Morota
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Yamano
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Magnus J Hansson
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Masato Inazu
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Kokuba
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuko Sudo
- Animal Research Center, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ko-Ichi Kawahara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Asahi-ku, 11Neurology and Geriatrics, Japan
| | - Fukami Nakajima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hasegawa
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Itsuro Higuchi
- Neurology and Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomoo Sato
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Natsumi Araya
- Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Usui
- Department of Psychiatry, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Nerima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishioka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Nakatani
- Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ikuro Maruyama
- Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masahiko Usui
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naomi Hara
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Uchino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eskil Elmer
- Mitochondrial Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kusuki Nishioka
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakajima
- Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Future Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan Medical Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Asahi-ku, 11Neurology and Geriatrics, Japan integrated Gene Editing Section (iGES), Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Bayside Misato Medical Center, Niida, Kōchi, Japan
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Jarry H. Estrogen receptor beta and its selective ligands: an option for treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms? Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 16:7-12. [PMID: 25436742 DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2013-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract In the human female, menopause is the permanent end of fertility, defined as occurring 12 months after the last menstrual period. During peri- and postmenopausal stages, the vast majority of women experience moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms, such as hot flashes and night sweats, which interfere with sleep and may be severe enough to affect quality of life. The only treatment approved by national health authorities is hormone therapy with estrogen alone or in combination with a progestagen. However, this therapeutic regimen is associated with severe side effects, such as stimulation of growth of breast cancer or cardiovascular events. Thus, there is a demand for efficient and safe alternative treatments for menopausal complaints. After the discovery of estrogen receptor beta in many organs, and confirmation of its presence in the brain, many researchers raised the question of whether ERβ-specific ligands may be novel therapeutic agents for treatment of menopausal complaints with the desirable effects of estrogen but without increased risk of tumor incidence. This minireview will briefly summarize the relevance of estrogen receptor beta and its specific ligands for the treatment of menopausal symptoms with a focus on vasomotor menopausal symptoms. At present, estrogen receptor beta-selective ligands do not seem to be active in models of prevention or reversal of osteoporosis. However, data from animal experiments suggest that estrogen receptor beta-selective ligands might be safe therapeutics for the treatment of vasomotor menopausal symptoms.
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Lau AJ, Chang TKH. Fetal bovine serum and human constitutive androstane receptor: evidence for activation of the SV23 splice variant by artemisinin, artemether, and arteether in a serum-free cell culture system. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2014; 277:221-30. [PMID: 24721719 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2014.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Revised: 03/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The naturally occurring SV23 splice variant of human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR-SV23) is activated by di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), which is detected as a contaminant in fetal bovine serum (FBS). In our initial experiment, we compared the effect of dialyzed FBS, charcoal-stripped, dextran-treated FBS (CS-FBS), and regular FBS on the basal activity and ligand-activation of hCAR-SV23 in a cell-based reporter gene assay. In transfected HepG2 cells cultured in medium supplemented with 10% FBS, basal hCAR-SV23 activity varied with the type of FBS (regular>dialyzed>CS). DEHP increased hCAR-SV23 activity when 10% CS-FBS, but not regular FBS or dialyzed FBS, was used. With increasing concentrations (1-10%) of regular FBS or CS-FBS, hCAR-SV23 basal activity increased, whereas in DEHP-treated cells, hCAR-SV23 activity remained similar (regular FBS) or slightly increased (CS-FBS). Subsequent experiments identified a serum-free culture condition to detect DEHP activation of hCAR-SV23. Under this condition, artemisinin, artemether, and arteether increased hCAR-SV23 activity, whereas they decreased it in cells cultured in medium supplemented with 10% regular FBS. By comparison, FBS increased the basal activity of the wild-type isoform of hCAR (hCAR-WT), whereas it did not affect the basal activity of the SV24 splice variant (hCAR-SV24) or ligand activation of hCAR-SV24 and hCAR-WT by 6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime (CITCO). The use of serum-free culture condition was suitable for detecting CITCO activation of hCAR-WT and hCAR-SV24. In conclusion, FBS leads to erroneous classification of pharmacological ligands of hCAR-SV23 in cell-based assays, but investigations on functional ligands of hCAR isoforms can be conducted in serum-free culture condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aik Jiang Lau
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Thomas K H Chang
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Nikolic D, Toth PP, Ferlita A, Bartolo VD, Montalto G, Banach M, Rizzo M. Novel anti-obesity drugs and plasma lipids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.14.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Martins IJ. Induction of NAFLD with Increased Risk of Obesity and Chronic Diseases in Developed Countries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/ojemd.2014.44011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Böttner M, Thelen P, Jarry H. Estrogen receptor beta: tissue distribution and the still largely enigmatic physiological function. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 139:245-51. [PMID: 23523517 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In 1996, the molecular biology of E2 had to be reevaluated: in an effort to identify novel nuclear receptors or unknown isoforms of existing receptors Kuiper and colleague described the expression of a novel subtype of the estrogen receptor (ER) in rat prostate and ovary. Upon this pioneering discovery the already known ER was renamed ERα while the newly described ER was termed ERβ. In this review an attempt is made to summarize the current knowledge regarding the expression and function of ERβ in selected reproductive and non-reproductive organs under physiological conditions. The data suggest that ERβ may be considered as a dominant-negative regulator of ERα modulating transcriptional responses to estrogens. The ratio of ER α vs. β. within a cell may determine the cell sensitivity to estrogens and its biological responses to the hormone. CONCLUSION It is not the ligand, it is the multiplicity of receptors which determines the plethora of estrogen actions. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Phytoestrogens'.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Böttner
- Department of Anatomy, University of Kiel, Germany
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Sepe V, D'Amore C, Ummarino R, Renga B, D'Auria MV, Novellino E, Sinisi A, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Nakao Y, Limongelli V, Zampella A, Fiorucci S. Insights on pregnane-X-receptor modulation. Natural and semisynthetic steroids from Theonella marine sponges. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 73:126-34. [PMID: 24388834 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Pregnane-X-receptor (PXR) is a member of nuclear receptors superfamily that activates gene transcription by binding to responsive elements in the promoter of target genes. PXR is a master gene orchestrating the expression/activity of genes involved in the metabolism of endobiotics including bilirubin, bile acids, glucose and lipid. In addition PXR oversights the metabolism of the large majority of xenobiotics including a large amount of prescribing drugs. Thus, developing PXR ligands represents a great opportunity for a therapeutic intervention on human diseases including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemias and liver disorders. To this end, natural compounds represent an arsenal of new chemical scaffolds useful for the identification of novel PXR ligands. Here, we report a series of 4-methylenesteroid derivatives isolated from Theonella marine sponges as novel PXR modulators. In addition, combining medicinal chemistry, pharmacological experiments and computational studies, we have investigated the effects of different modifications on ring A and on the side chain of 4-methylenesteroid derivatives toward PXR modulation. This study provides the molecular bases of ligand/PXR interaction useful for designing novel PXR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Sepe
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudio D'Amore
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | - Raffella Ummarino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Barbara Renga
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Sinisi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Yoichi Nakao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Vittorio Limongelli
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Zampella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiorucci
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy
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