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Li D, Xiang B, Peng J, Li H, Peng L, Chen X. Association of genetic variations of 3'-UTR in clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-relevant genes with clopidogrel response in Han Chinese patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 200:106830. [PMID: 38878906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Dual antiplatelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel has reduced ischemic vascular events significantly. Genetic influence, especially those in clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-relevant genes partially accounts for interindividual pharmacodynamic variability of clopidogrel. However, most studies have concentrated on the genetic variations in introns, exons, or promoters of the candidate genes, and the association between genetic variations in 3'-UTR in clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-relevant genes and clopidogrel response is unknown. In our study, ten different algorithms were applied to pick potential miRNAs targeting the clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-relevant genes. Furthermore, the correlation between miRNA expression profiles and mRNA expression of corresponding clopidogrel pharmacokinetic-relevant genes was analyzed. Through comprehensive analysis, including bioinformatics prediction and correlation analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, miR-218-5p and miR-506-5p were supposed to regulate the expression of PON1 via binding with its 3'-UTR. Moreover, PON1 rs854551 and rs854552 were located in miRNA recognizing sequences and may serve as potential miRSNPs possibly affecting PON1 expression. The rs854552 polymorphism was genotyped and platelet reactivity index (PRI) indicative of clopidogrel response was measured in 341 Chinese coronary artery disease (CAD) patients 24 h after administration of 300 mg clopidogrel. Our results showed that PON1 rs854552 had a significant influence on PRI in CAD patients, especially in patients with CYP2C19 extensive metabolic phenotype. In conclusion, PON1 rs854552 polymorphisms may affect clopidogrel response. Bioinformatics prediction followed by functional validation could aid in decoding the contribution of unexplained variations in the 3'-UTR in drug-metabolizing enzymes on clopidogrel response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Boyu Xiang
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jingxuan Peng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - He Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Liming Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Nilles J, Theile D, Weiss J, Haefeli WE, Ruez S. Lack of CYP3A4 protein induction despite mRNA induction in primary hepatocytes exposed to rifabutin as a possible explanation for its low interaction risk in vivo. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:2541-2556. [PMID: 38713375 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03763-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Rifampicin is a strong inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4) and P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1), leading to profound drug-drug interactions. In contrast, the chemically related rifabutin does not show such pronounced induction properties in vivo. The aim of our study was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the different induction potentials of rifampicin and rifabutin in primary human hepatocytes and to analyze the mechanism of potential differences. Therefore, we evaluated CYP3A4/ABCB1 mRNA expression (polymerase chain reaction), CYP3A4/P-gp protein expression (immunoaffinity-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, IA-LC-MS/MS), CYP3A4 activity (testosterone hydroxylation), and considered intracellular drug uptake after treatment with increasing rifamycin concentrations (0.01-10 µM). Furthermore, rifamycin effects on the protein levels of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP2C19 were analyzed (IA-LC-MS/MS). Mechanistic analysis included the evaluation of possible suicide CYP3A4 inhibition (IC50 shift assay) and drug impact on translational efficiency (cell-free luminescence assays). Rifabutin accumulated 6- to 15-fold higher in hepatocytes than rifampicin, but induced CYP3A4 mRNA comparably to rifampicin (e. g. rifampicin 61-fold vs. rifabutin 44-fold, 72 h). While rifampicin for example enhanced protein (10 µM: 21-fold) and activity levels considerably (53-fold), rifabutin only slightly increased CYP3A4 protein expression (10 µM: 3.3-fold) or activity (11-fold) compared to rifampicin after 72 h. Both rifamycins similarly influenced expression of other eliminating proteins. A potential CYP3A4 suicide inhibition by a specific rifabutin metabolite or disruption of ribosome function were excluded experimentally. In conclusion, the lack of protein enhancement, could explain rifabutin's weaker induction-related drug-drug interaction risk in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nilles
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruez
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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3
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Nilles J, Weiss J, Sauter M, Haefeli WE, Ruez S, Theile D. Comprehensive in vitro analysis evaluating the variable drug-drug interaction risk of rifampicin compared to rifabutin. Arch Toxicol 2023; 97:2219-2230. [PMID: 37285043 PMCID: PMC10322781 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03531-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Compared to rifampicin (600 mg/day), standard doses of rifabutin (300 mg/day) have a lower risk of drug-drug interactions due to induction of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) or P-glycoprotein (Pgp/ABCB1) mediated by the pregnane X receptor (PXR). However, clinical comparisons with equal rifamycin doses or in vitro experiments respecting actual intracellular concentrations are lacking. Thus, the genuine pharmacological differences and the potential molecular mechanisms of the discordant perpetrator effects are unknown. Consequently, the cellular uptake kinetics (mass spectrometry), PXR activation (luciferase reporter gene assays), and impact on CYP3A4 and Pgp/ABCB1 expression and activity (polymerase chain reaction, enzymatic assays, flow cytometry) were evaluated in LS180 cells after treatment with different rifampicin or rifabutin concentrations for variable exposure times and eventually normalized to actual intracellular concentrations. In addition, inhibitory effects on CYP3A4 and Pgp activities were investigated. While rifampicin is poorly taken up by LS180 cells, it strongly activates PXR and leads to enhanced expression and activity of CYP3A4 and Pgp. In contrast, rifabutin is a significantly less potent and less efficient PXR activator and gene inducer, despite sixfold to eightfold higher intracellular accumulation. Finally, rifabutin is a potent inhibitor of Pgp (IC50 = 0.3 µM) compared to rifampicin (IC50 = 12.9 µM). Together, rifampicin and rifabutin significantly differ by their effects on the regulation and function of CYP3A4 and Pgp, even when controlled for intracellular concentrations. Rifabutin's concurrent Pgp inhibitory action might partly compensate the inducing effects, explaining its weaker clinical perpetrator characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Nilles
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Johanna Weiss
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Max Sauter
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Ruez
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Dirk Theile
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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4
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Brouwer KLR, Evers R, Hayden E, Hu S, Li CY, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE, Neuhoff S, Oswald S, Piquette-Miller M, Saran C, Sjöstedt N, Sprowl JA, Stahl SH, Yue W. Regulation of Drug Transport Proteins-From Mechanisms to Clinical Impact: A White Paper on Behalf of the International Transporter Consortium. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2022; 112:461-484. [PMID: 35390174 PMCID: PMC9398928 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.2605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Membrane transport proteins are involved in the absorption, disposition, efficacy, and/or toxicity of many drugs. Numerous mechanisms (e.g., nuclear receptors, epigenetic gene regulation, microRNAs, alternative splicing, post‐translational modifications, and trafficking) regulate transport protein levels, localization, and function. Various factors associated with disease, medications, and dietary constituents, for example, may alter the regulation and activity of transport proteins in the intestine, liver, kidneys, brain, lungs, placenta, and other important sites, such as tumor tissue. This white paper reviews key mechanisms and regulatory factors that alter the function of clinically relevant transport proteins involved in drug disposition. Current considerations with in vitro and in vivo models that are used to investigate transporter regulation are discussed, including strengths, limitations, and the inherent challenges in predicting the impact of changes due to regulation of one transporter on compensatory pathways and overall drug disposition. In addition, translation and scaling of in vitro observations to in vivo outcomes are considered. The importance of incorporating altered transporter regulation in modeling and simulation approaches to predict the clinical impact on drug disposition is also discussed. Regulation of transporters is highly complex and, therefore, identification of knowledge gaps will aid in directing future research to expand our understanding of clinically relevant molecular mechanisms of transporter regulation. This information is critical to the development of tools and approaches to improve therapeutic outcomes by predicting more accurately the impact of regulation‐mediated changes in transporter function on drug disposition and response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Raymond Evers
- Preclinical Sciences and Translational Safety, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Spring House, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Hayden
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Shuiying Hu
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stefan Oswald
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Chitra Saran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Noora Sjöstedt
- Division of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason A Sprowl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Simone H Stahl
- CVRM Safety, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yue
- College of Pharmacy, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
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5
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Marok FZ, Fuhr LM, Hanke N, Selzer D, Lehr T. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling of Bupropion and Its Metabolites in a CYP2B6 Drug-Drug-Gene Interaction Network. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:331. [PMID: 33806634 PMCID: PMC8001859 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The noradrenaline and dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion is metabolized by CYP2B6 and recommended by the FDA as the only sensitive substrate for clinical CYP2B6 drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies. The aim of this study was to build a whole-body physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of bupropion including its DDI-relevant metabolites, and to qualify the model using clinical drug-gene interaction (DGI) and DDI data. The model was built in PK-Sim® applying clinical data of 67 studies. It incorporates CYP2B6-mediated hydroxylation of bupropion, metabolism via CYP2C19 and 11β-HSD, as well as binding to pharmacological targets. The impact of CYP2B6 polymorphisms is described for normal, poor, intermediate, and rapid metabolizers, with various allele combinations of the genetic variants CYP2B6*1, *4, *5 and *6. DDI model performance was evaluated by prediction of clinical studies with rifampicin (CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 inducer), fluvoxamine (CYP2C19 inhibitor) and voriconazole (CYP2B6 and CYP2C19 inhibitor). Model performance quantification showed 20/20 DGI ratios of hydroxybupropion to bupropion AUC ratios (DGI AUCHBup/Bup ratios), 12/13 DDI AUCHBup/Bup ratios, and 7/7 DDGI AUCHBup/Bup ratios within 2-fold of observed values. The developed model is freely available in the Open Systems Pharmacology model repository.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thorsten Lehr
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany; (F.Z.M.); (L.M.F.); (N.H.); (D.S.)
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6
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Smutny T, Hyrsova L, Braeuning A, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Pavek P. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the pregnane X receptor: a rationale for interindividual variability in drug metabolism. Arch Toxicol 2020; 95:11-25. [PMID: 33164107 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pregnane X receptor (PXR, encoded by the NR1I2 gene) is a ligand-regulated transcription factor originally described as a master regulator of xenobiotic detoxification. Later, however, PXR was also shown to interact with endogenous metabolism and to be further associated with various pathological states. This review focuses predominantly on such aspects, currently less covered in literature, as the control of PXR expression per se in the context of inter-individual differences in drug metabolism. There is growing evidence that non-coding RNAs post-transcriptionally regulate PXR. Effects on PXR have especially been reported for microRNAs (miRNAs), which include miR-148a, miR-18a-5p, miR-140-3p, miR-30c-1-3p and miR-877-5p. Likewise, miRNAs control the expression of both transcription factors involved in PXR expression and regulators of PXR function. The impact of NR1I2 genetic polymorphisms on miRNA-mediated PXR regulation is also discussed. As revealed recently, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) appear to interfere with PXR expression. Reciprocally, PXR activation regulates non-coding RNA expression, thus comprising another level of PXR action in addition to the direct transactivation of protein-coding genes. PXR expression is further controlled by several transcription factors (cross-regulation) giving rise to different PXR transcript variants. Controversies remain regarding the suggested role of feedback regulation (auto-regulation) of PXR expression. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the miRNA-mediated, lncRNA-mediated and transcriptional regulation of PXR expression, and we propose that deciphering the precise mechanisms of PXR expression may bridge our knowledge gap in inter-individual differences in drug metabolism and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Albert Braeuning
- Department Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589, Berlin, Germany
| | - Magnus Ingelman-Sundberg
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Section of Pharmacogenetics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna vägen 9, 17165, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Salehi S, Tavabie OD, Verma S, McPhail MJW, Farzaneh F, Bernal W, Menon K, Agarwal K, Aluvihare VR. Serum MicroRNA Signatures in Recovery From Acute and Chronic Liver Injury and Selection for Liver Transplantation. Liver Transpl 2020; 26:811-822. [PMID: 32297687 DOI: 10.1002/lt.25781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated a distinct hepatic microRNA (miRNA) signature (down-regulation of miRNA-23a, -150, - 200b, -503, and -663 and up-regulation of miRNA-20a) is associated with successful regeneration in auxiliary liver transplantation (ALT). This study aimed to evaluate whether the serum expression of this regeneration-linked miRNA signature is associated with clinical outcomes in acute and chronic liver disease. These were represented by patients with acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure (ALF; n = 18) and patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) undergoing treatment with direct-acting antivirals (n = 56), respectively. Patients were grouped depending on their clinical outcome. Global serum miRNA expression was analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays and selected miRNA expression using targeted PCR. We demonstrate that specific regeneration-linked miRNAs discriminate outcomes in both clinical scenarios. We further show that miRNA-20a, -23a, -150, -200b, -503, and -663 undergo concordant changes in expression in 3 distinct clinical settings: liver regeneration accompanying successful ALT, clinical recovery after ALF, and clinical recompensation after cure of HCV. This miRNA signature represents a potentially novel biomarker to predict outcome and optimize patient selection for liver transplantation in both acute and chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Salehi
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver D Tavabie
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suman Verma
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J W McPhail
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haematological Medicine, The Rayne Institute, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - William Bernal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krish Menon
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kosh Agarwal
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Varuna R Aluvihare
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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8
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Smutny T, Dusek J, Hyrsova L, Nekvindova J, Horvatova A, Micuda S, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Pavek P. The 3'-untranslated region contributes to the pregnane X receptor (PXR) expression down-regulation by PXR ligands and up-regulation by glucocorticoids. Acta Pharm Sin B 2020; 10:136-152. [PMID: 31998607 PMCID: PMC6976988 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is the major regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. PXR itself is controlled by various signaling molecules including glucocorticoids. Moreover, negative feed-back regulation has been proposed at the transcriptional level. We examined the involvement of the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of NR1I2 mRNA and microRNAs in PXR- and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-mediated regulation of NR1I2 gene expression. PXR ligands were found to significantly downregulate NR1I2 mRNA expression in a set of 14 human hepatocyte cultures. Similarly, PXR was downregulated by PCN in the C57/BL6 mice liver. In mechanistic studies with the full-length 3'-UTR cloned into luciferase reporter or expression vectors, we showed that the 3'-UTR reduces PXR expression. From the miRNAs tested, miR-18a-5p inhibited both NR1I2 expression and CYP3A4 gene induction. Importantly, we observed significant upregulation of miR-18a-5p expression 6 h after treatment with the PXR ligand rifampicin, which indicates a putative mechanism underlying NR1I2 negative feed-back regulation in hepatic cells. Additionally, glucocorticoids upregulated NR1I2 expression not only through the promoter region but also via 3'-UTR regulation, which likely involves downregulation of miR-18a-5p. We conclude that miR-18a-5p is involved in the down-regulation of NR1I2 expression by its ligands and in the upregulation of NR1I2 mRNA expression by glucocorticoids in hepatic cells.
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Key Words
- 3′-UTR, 3′-untranslated region
- CAR, constitutive androstane receptor
- CYP3A4, cytochrome P450 3A4
- Cytochrome P450 3A4
- DEX, dexamethasone
- DMEs, drug metabolizing enzymes
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ER, estrogen receptor
- GRα, glucocorticoid receptor α
- Gene expression
- Gluc, Gaussia luciferase
- Glucocorticoid
- LBD, ligand binding domain
- MRE, miRNA-response element
- MicroRNA
- NR, nuclear receptor
- PB, phenobarbital
- PCN, pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
- PHHs, primary human hepatocytes
- PPARα, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α
- PXR, pregnane X receptor
- Pregnane X receptor
- RXRα, retinoid X receptor α
- Regulation
- Rif, rifampicin
- SEAP, secreted alkaline phosphatase
- miRNA, microRNA
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Smutny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dusek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Hyrsova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Nekvindova
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Diagnostics, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Alzbeta Horvatova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Stanislav Micuda
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 03, Czech Republic
| | | | - Petr Pavek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove CZ-500 05, Czech Republic
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9
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Riddick DS, Mullen Grey AK. Mechanisms of NADPH - cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase induction by dexamethasone in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 98:267-274. [PMID: 31825663 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of NADPH - cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), electron donor for microsomal P450s, is induced in rat liver by dexamethasone (DEX), an activator of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). DEX induction of POR in rat liver is primarily PXR-mediated, although GR may contribute to mRNA effects. We examined the role of GR and PXR in the DEX induction of POR mRNA and protein in the H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. The DEX EC50 for a PXR target, CYP3A23, exceeded that for the GR targets tyrosine aminotransferase and PXR as well as POR itself. POR protein levels were induced 3- and 4-fold, respectively, by DEX concentrations activating GR selectively (100 nM) or both GR and PXR (10 μM). POR was induced by triamcinolone acetonide, a selective GR agonist, but not pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile, a selective PXR agonist. POR induction was blocked by the GR antagonist RU486 but minimally influenced by the PXR antagonist FLB-12. The half-life for POR mRNA was prolonged by DEX at both 100 nM and 10 μM. GR is more important in DEX-induced POR expression in H4IIE cells compared to rat liver in vivo, calling into question the suitability of this cell model for mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Riddick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anne K Mullen Grey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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10
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Zárybnický T, Matoušková P, Ambrož M, Šubrt Z, Skálová L, Boušová I. The Selection and Validation of Reference Genes for mRNA and microRNA Expression Studies in Human Liver Slices Using RT-qPCR. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10100763. [PMID: 31569378 PMCID: PMC6826422 DOI: 10.3390/genes10100763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The selection of a suitable combination of reference genes (RGs) for data normalization is a crucial step for obtaining reliable and reproducible results from transcriptional response analysis using a reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This is especially so if a three-dimensional multicellular model prepared from liver tissues originating from biologically diverse human individuals is used. The mRNA and miRNA RGs stability were studied in thirty-five human liver tissue samples and twelve precision-cut human liver slices (PCLS) treated for 24 h with dimethyl sulfoxide (controls) and PCLS treated with β-naphthoflavone (10 µM) or rifampicin (10 µM) as cytochrome P450 (CYP) inducers. Validation of RGs was performed by an expression analysis of CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 on rifampicin and β-naphthoflavone induction, respectively. Regarding mRNA, the best combination of RGs for the controls was YWHAZ and B2M, while YWHAZ and ACTB were selected for the liver samples and treated PCLS. Stability of all candidate miRNA RGs was comparable or better than that of generally used short non-coding RNA U6. The best combination for the control PCLS was miR-16-5p and miR-152-3p, in contrast to the miR-16-5b and miR-23b-3p selected for the treated PCLS. Our results showed that the candidate RGs were rather stable, especially for miRNA in human PCLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Zárybnický
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Matoušková
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Ambrož
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Zdeněk Šubrt
- Department of General Surgery, Third Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Královské Vinohrady, Charles University, 100 34 Prague, Czech Republic.
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Skálová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
| | - Iva Boušová
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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11
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Swart M, Dandara C. MicroRNA Mediated Changes in Drug Metabolism and Target Gene Expression by Efavirenz and Rifampicin In Vitro: Clinical Implications. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2019; 23:496-507. [PMID: 31526233 PMCID: PMC6806364 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Efavirenz (EFV) and rifampicin (RMP) are widely prescribed in Africa for treatment of HIV/AIDS and tuberculosis epidemics. Exposure to medicines can alter drug metabolism, for example, through changes in expression of microRNAs. We report, in this study, novel observations on the ways in which EFV and RMP change microRNA expression signatures in vitro in HepaRG cells. Additionally, we discuss the clinical implications of changes in expression of drug-metabolizing enzyme genes, such as CYP3A4, CYP3A5, UGT1A1, CYP2B6, and NR1I3. Differentiated HepaRG cells were treated with EFV (6.4 μM) or RMP (24.4 μM) for 24 h. Treatment of HepaRG cells with EFV resulted in a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) expression for CYP3A4 (12.51-fold, p = 0.002), CYP3A5 (2.10-fold, p = 0.019), and UGT1A1 (2.52-fold, p = 0.005), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.41-fold, p = 0.02). On the other hand, treatment of HepaRG cells with RMP resulted in a significant increase in mRNA expression for CYP2B6 (6.68-fold, p = 0.007) and CYP3A4 (111.96-fold, p = 0.001), whereas NR1I3 expression decreased (0.46-fold, p = 0.033). These data point to several important clinical implications through changes in drug/drug interaction risks and achieving optimal therapeutics. All in all, this study shows that differential expression of microRNAs after treatment with EFV and RMP adds another layer of complexity that should be incorporated in pharmacogenomic algorithms to render drug response more predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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12
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Ghanem CI, Manautou JE. Modulation of Hepatic MRP3/ABCC3 by Xenobiotics and Pathophysiological Conditions: Role in Drug Pharmacokinetics. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:1185-1223. [PMID: 29473496 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180221142315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Liver transporters play an important role in the pharmacokinetics and disposition of pharmaceuticals, environmental contaminants, and endogenous compounds. Among them, the family of ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters is the most important due to its role in the transport of endo- and xenobiotics. The ABCC sub-family is the largest one, consisting of 13 members that include the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (CFTR/ABCC7); the sulfonylurea receptors (SUR1/ABCC8 and SUR2/ABCC9) and the multidrug resistanceassociated proteins (MRPs). The MRP-related proteins can collectively confer resistance to natural, synthetic drugs and their conjugated metabolites, including platinum-containing compounds, folate anti-metabolites, nucleoside and nucleotide analogs, among others. MRPs can be also catalogued into "long" (MRP1/ABCC1, -2/C2, -3/C3, -6/C6, and -7/C10) and "short" (MRP4/C4, -5/C5, -8/C11, -9/C12, and -10/C13) categories. While MRP2/ABCC2 is expressed in the canalicular pole of hepatocytes, all others are located in the basolateral membrane. In this review, we summarize information from studies examining the changes in expression and regulation of the basolateral hepatic transporter MPR3/ABCC3 by xenobiotics and during various pathophysiological conditions. We also focus, primarily, on the consequences of such changes in the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and/or toxicity of different drugs of clinical use transported by MRP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina I Ghanem
- Instituto de Investigaciones Farmacologicas (ININFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. CONICET. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Catedra de Fisiopatologia. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jose E Manautou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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13
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Development of Caco-2 cells-based gene reporter assays and evaluation of herb-drug interactions involving CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 gene expression. Chem Biol Interact 2019; 303:79-89. [PMID: 30772286 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2019.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate use of medicinal plants and herbal medicinal products concomitantly with conventional drugs may result in herb-drug interactions that may lead to fluctuations in drug bioavailability, therapeutic failure, and/or toxic effects. CYP450 enzymes play an important role in drug biotransformation and herb-drug interactions. Thus, the aim of this study was to develop and apply Caco-2 cells-based gene reporter assays to study in vitro the potential occurrence of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 gene expression modulation by standardized extracts of selected medicinal plants. Reporter cell lines developed showed a significant increase in CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 reporter fluorescent emission, 4 and 16-fold respectively, when compared to the controls. The standardized extracts of Cecropia glaziovii, Bauhinia forficata and Echinacea sp. significantly increased CYP3A4 reporter fluorescence, and those of Ilex paraguariensis, Bauhinia forficata and Echinacea sp. significantly decreased CYP2D6 reporter fluorescence in Caco-2 cells-based gene reporter assays. The data obtained suggest that CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 gene expression seem to be modulated by the extracts tested. In addition, the reporter cell lines developed are functional assays that could be used to study drug-drug and herb-drug interactions during the research and development of new drugs.
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14
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Thiel C, Smit I, Baier V, Cordes H, Fabry B, Blank LM, Kuepfer L. Using quantitative systems pharmacology to evaluate the drug efficacy of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2018; 4:28. [PMID: 30083389 PMCID: PMC6072773 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-018-0062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A quantitative analysis of dose-response relationships is essential in preclinical and clinical drug development in order to optimize drug efficacy and safety, respectively. However, there is a lack of quantitative understanding about the dynamics of pharmacological drug-target interactions in biological systems. In this study, a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approach is applied to quantify the drug efficacy of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitors by coupling physiologically based pharmacokinetic models, at the whole-body level, with affected biological networks, at the cellular scale. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are key enzymes in the production of inflammatory mediators and are known targets in the design of anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug efficacy is here evaluated for single and appropriate co-treatment of diclofenac, celecoxib, zileuton, and licofelone by quantitatively studying the reduction of prostaglandins and leukotrienes. The impact of rifampicin pre-treatment on prostaglandin formation is also investigated by considering pharmacokinetic drug interactions with diclofenac and celecoxib, finally suggesting optimized dose levels to compensate for the reduced drug action. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between pain relief observed in patients as well as celecoxib- and diclofenac-induced decrease in prostaglandins after 6 h. The findings presented reveal insights about drug-induced modulation of cellular networks in a whole-body context, thereby describing complex pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic behavior of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in therapeutic situations. The results demonstrate the clinical benefit of using QSP to predict drug efficacy and, hence, encourage its use in future drug discovery and development programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Thiel
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ines Smit
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD UK
| | - Vanessa Baier
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Henrik Cordes
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brigida Fabry
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Mathias Blank
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lars Kuepfer
- Institute of Applied Microbiology (iAMB), Aachen Biology and Biotechnology (ABBt), RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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15
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Nakano M, Nakajima M. Current knowledge of microRNA-mediated regulation of drug metabolism in humans. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2018; 14:493-504. [PMID: 29718737 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2018.1472237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Understanding the factors causing inter- and intra-individual differences in drug metabolism potencies is required for the practice of personalized or precision medicine, as well as for the promotion of efficient drug development. The expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes is controlled by transcriptional regulation by nuclear receptors and transcriptional factors, epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation, and post-translational modification. In addition to such regulation mechanisms, recent studies revealed that microRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous ~22-nucleotide non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression through the translational repression and degradation of mRNAs, significantly contribute to post-transcriptional regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Areas covered: This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding miRNAs-dependent regulation of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transcriptional factors and its physiological and clinical significance. We also describe recent advances in miRNA-dependent regulation research, showing that the presence of pseudogenes, single-nucleotide polymorphisms, and RNA editing affects miRNA targeting. Expert opinion: It is unwavering fact that miRNAs are critical factors causing inter- and intra-individual differences in the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Consideration of miRNA-dependent regulation would be a helpful tool for optimizing personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Nakano
- a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan.,b Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion Science
| | - Miki Nakajima
- a Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , WPI Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University , Kanazawa , Japan
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16
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Gufford BT, Robarge JD, Eadon MT, Gao H, Lin H, Liu Y, Desta Z, Skaar TC. Rifampin modulation of xeno- and endobiotic conjugating enzyme mRNA expression and associated microRNAs in human hepatocytes. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2018; 6:e00386. [PMID: 29610665 PMCID: PMC5869567 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rifampin is a pleiotropic inducer of multiple drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters. This work utilized a global approach to evaluate rifampin effects on conjugating enzyme gene expression with relevance to human xeno‐ and endo‐biotic metabolism. Primary human hepatocytes from 7 subjects were treated with rifampin (10 μmol/L, 24 hours). Standard methods for RNA‐seq library construction, EZBead preparation, and NextGen sequencing were used to measure UDP‐glucuronosyl transferase UGT, sulfonyltransferase SULT, N acetyltransferase NAT, and glutathione‐S‐transferase GST mRNA expression compared to vehicle control (0.01% MeOH). Rifampin‐induced (>1.25‐fold) mRNA expression of 13 clinically important phase II drug metabolizing genes and repressed (>1.25‐fold) the expression of 3 genes (P < .05). Rifampin‐induced miRNA expression changes correlated with mRNA changes and miRNAs were identified that may modulate conjugating enzyme expression. NAT2 gene expression was most strongly repressed (1.3‐fold) by rifampin while UGT1A4 and UGT1A1 genes were most strongly induced (7.9‐ and 4.8‐fold, respectively). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling (PBPK) was used to simulate the clinical consequences of rifampin induction of CYP3A4‐ and UGT1A4‐mediated midazolam metabolism. Simulations evaluating isolated UGT1A4 induction predicted increased midazolam N‐glucuronide exposure (~4‐fold) with minimal reductions in parent midazolam exposure (~10%). Simulations accounting for simultaneous induction of both CYP3A4 and UGT1A4 predicted a ~10‐fold decrease in parent midazolam exposure with only a ~2‐fold decrease in midazolam N‐glucuronide metabolite exposure. These data reveal differential effects of rifampin on the human conjugating enzyme transcriptome and potential associations with miRNAs that form the basis for future mechanistic studies to elucidate the interplay of conjugating enzyme regulatory elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon T Gufford
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Jason D Robarge
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Department of Medicine Division of Clinical Pharmacology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis IN
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17
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Gill P, Bhattacharyya S, McCullough S, Letzig L, Mishra PJ, Luo C, Dweep H, James L. MicroRNA regulation of CYP 1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 expression in acetaminophen toxicity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12331. [PMID: 28951593 PMCID: PMC5614957 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11811-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate the cytochrome P-450 isoforms involved in acetaminophen (APAP) toxicity were examined in HepaRG cells treated with APAP (20 mM). In-vitro studies found that APAP protein adducts were increased at 1 h, followed by ALT increases at 12 and 24 h. CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 mRNA levels were decreased, while miRNAs were increased for miR-122-5p, miR-378a-5p, miR-27b-3p at 6 h and miR-125b-5p at 12 h and miR-27b-3p at 24 h. Putative miRNA binding sites on the 3′UTRs of the CYPs were identified in-silico. Overexpression of miR-122-5p and miR-378a-5p in cells suppressed protein expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed the interaction between miR-122 and the 3′UTR of the CYP1A2 and CYP3A4. Thus, the in-vitro experiments showed that miR-122-5p and miR-378a-5p upregulation were associated with translational repression of CYPs. Serum samples of children with APAP overdose had significant elevation of miR-122-5p, miR-378a-5p, miR-125b-5p and miR-27b-3p, compared to healthy controls and receiver operator curves of the miRNAs had AUCs of 91 to 100%. Collectively, the data suggest that miRNA elevations in APAP toxicity represent a regulatory response to modify CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and CYP2E1 translation due to cellular stress and injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pritmohinder Gill
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA. .,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
| | - Sudeepa Bhattacharyya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Sandra McCullough
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Lynda Letzig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Prasun J Mishra
- Department of Biochemical and Cellular Pharmacology, Genentech, 1, DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Chunqiao Luo
- Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
| | - Harsh Dweep
- The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce St, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Laura James
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.,Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA
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18
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Sharma D, Turkistani AA, Chang W, Hu C, Xu Z, Chang TKH. Negative Regulation of Human Pregnane X Receptor by MicroRNA-18a-5p: Evidence for Suppression of MicroRNA-18a-5p Expression by Rifampin and Rilpivirine. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:48-56. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.107003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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19
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Yan L, Liu J, Zhao Y, Nie Y, Ma X, Kan Q, Zhang L. Suppression of miR-628-3p and miR-641 is involved in rifampin-mediated CYP3A4 induction in HepaRG cells. Pharmacogenomics 2017; 18:57-64. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2016-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to explore the role of miRNAs in rifampin-mediated induction of CYP3A4 in HepaRG cells. Materials & methods: Microarray was performed to determine the expression of miRNAs in rifampin-treated HepaRG cells, followed by bioinformatics and luciferase reporter gene assay to analyze miRNAs that directly target CYP3A4. Overexpression of miRNA mimics was used to study their effects on CYP3A4 induction. Results: Forty-seven miRNAs were suppressed and 18 miRNAs were increased by rifampin (above twofold). MiR-628-3p and miR-641 repressed the 3′-UTR luciferase activity of CYP3A4. Overexpression of miR-628-3p and miR-641 showed significant decrease of CYP3A4 mRNA level as well as CYP3A4 induction by rifampin. Conclusion: miR-628-3p and miR-641 could directly target CYP3A4 and are negatively regulated in CYP3A4 induction by rifampin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingyang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yali Nie
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaochao Ma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmacogenetics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, USA
| | - Quancheng Kan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lirong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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20
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Hunter SR, Vonk A, Mullen Grey AK, Riddick DS. Role of Glucocorticoid Receptor and Pregnane X Receptor in Dexamethasone Induction of Rat Hepatic Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator and NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Oxidoreductase. Drug Metab Dispos 2016; 45:118-129. [PMID: 27856527 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.116.073833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) nuclear translocator (ARNT), as the AHR's heterodimerization partner, and NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR), as the key electron donor for all microsomal P450s, are independent and indispensable components in the adaptive and toxic responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Expression of both ARNT and POR in rat liver is induced by dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic glucocorticoid known to activate both the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the pregnane X receptor (PXR). To better understand the role of GR and PXR in the in vivo DEX induction of rat hepatic ARNT and POR at the mRNA and protein levels, we studied the following: 1) the effects of DEX doses that activate GR (≥0.1 mg/kg) or PXR (≥10 mg/kg); 2) responses produced by GR- and PXR-selective agonists; 3) the impact of GR antagonism on DEX's inducing effects; and 4) whether biologic responses to DEX are altered in PXR-knockout rats. Our findings are consistent with a role for GR as a key mediator of the induction of rat hepatic ARNT expression by glucocorticoids; a role for PXR in the modulation of ARNT protein levels could not be excluded. Although GR activation may contribute to POR mRNA induction, regulation of POR expression and function by DEX is primarily PXR-mediated. This work suggests that the hepatic expression and function of ARNT and POR may be modulated by exposure to exogenous PXR activators and/or conditions that alter glucocorticoid levels such as stress, steroidal therapies, and diseases of excess or deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Hunter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alex Vonk
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne K Mullen Grey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Riddick
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Li J, Wang Y, Wang L, Dai X, Cong W, Feng W, Xu C, Deng Y, Wang Y, Skaar TC, Liang H, Liu Y. Identification of rifampin-regulated functional modules and related microRNAs in human hepatocytes based on the protein interaction network. BMC Genomics 2016; 17 Suppl 7:517. [PMID: 27557147 PMCID: PMC5001204 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In combination with gene expression profiles, the protein interaction network (PIN) constructs a dynamic network that includes multiple functional modules. Previous studies have demonstrated that rifampin can influence drug metabolism by regulating drug-metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and microRNAs (miRNAs). Rifampin induces gene expression, at least in part, by activating the pregnane X receptor (PXR), which induces gene expression; however, the impact of rifampin on global gene regulation has not been examined under the molecular network frameworks. METHODS In this study, we extracted rifampin-induced significant differentially expressed genes (SDG) based on the gene expression profile. By integrating the SDG and human protein interaction network (HPIN), we constructed the rifampin-regulated protein interaction network (RrPIN). Based on gene expression measurements, we extracted a subnetwork that showed enriched changes in molecular activity. Using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), we identified the crucial rifampin-regulated biological pathways and associated genes. In addition, genes targeted by miRNAs that were significantly differentially expressed in the miRNA expression profile were extracted based on the miRNA-gene prediction tools. The miRNA-regulated PIN was further constructed using associated genes and miRNAs. For each miRNA, we further evaluated the potential impact by the gene interaction network using pathway analysis. RESULTS AND DISCCUSSION: We extracted the functional modules, which included 84 genes and 89 interactions, from the RrPIN, and identified 19 key rifampin-response genes that are associated with seven function pathways that include drug response and metabolism, and cancer pathways; many of the pathways were supported by previous studies. In addition, we identified that a set of 6 genes (CAV1, CREBBP, SMAD3, TRAF2, KBKG, and THBS1) functioning as gene hubs in the subnetworks that are regulated by rifampin. It is also suggested that 12 differentially expressed miRNAs were associated with 6 biological pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that rifampin contributes to changes in the expression of genes by regulating key molecules in the protein interaction networks. This study offers valuable insights into rifampin-induced biological mechanisms at the level of miRNAs, genes and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China.,Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Xuefeng Dai
- Network Information Center, Qiqihar University, No.42, Wenhua Street, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, 161006, China
| | - Wang Cong
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Weixing Feng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Chengzhen Xu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hong Liang
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Yunlong Liu
- College of Automation, Harbin Engineering University, 145 Nantong Street, Nangang District, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, China. .,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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22
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Moriya N, Kataoka H, Nishikawa JI, Kugawa F. Identification of Candidate Target Cyp Genes for microRNAs Whose Expression Is Altered by PCN and TCPOBOP, Representative Ligands of PXR and CAR. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 39:1381-6. [PMID: 27237601 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b16-00279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in mRNA post-transcriptional regulation. The deregulation of miRNAs affects the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, drug transporters, and nuclear receptors, all of which are important in regulating drug metabolism. miRNA expression can be altered by several endogenous or exogenous agents, such as steroid hormones, carcinogens, and therapeutic drugs. However, it is unclear whether hepatic miRNA expression is regulated by nuclear receptors, such as pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), which are indispensable for the expression of the CYPs. Here we investigated the effects of the mouse PXR and CAR ligands pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile (PCN) and 1,4-bis[(3,5-dichloropyridin-2-yl)oxy]benzene (TCPOBOP) on hepatic miRNA expression in mice. We found that the expression of 9 miRNAs was increased (>2-fold) and of 4 miRNAs was decreased (>50%) in response to PCN, while TCPOBOP treatment led to the up-regulation of 8 miRNAs and down-regulation of 6 miRNAs. Using several miRNA target prediction algorithms, we found that the predicted target genes included several lesser known Cyp genes (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Cyp2b10, Cyp2c38, Cyp2u1, Cyp4a12a/b, Cyp4v3, Cyp17a1, Cyp39a1, and Cyp51). We analyzed the expression of these genes in response to PCN and TCPOBOP and found changes in their mRNA levels, some of which were negatively correlated with the expression of their corresponding miRNAs, suggesting that miRNAs may play a role in regulating Cyp enzyme expression. Further studies will be required to fully elucidate the miRNA regulatory mechanisms that contribute to modulating CYP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Moriya
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, Hyogo University of Health Sciences
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23
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Benson EA, Eadon MT, Desta Z, Liu Y, Lin H, Burgess KS, Segar MW, Gaedigk A, Skaar TC. Rifampin Regulation of Drug Transporters Gene Expression and the Association of MicroRNAs in Human Hepatocytes. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:111. [PMID: 27199754 PMCID: PMC4845040 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Membrane drug transporters contribute to the disposition of many drugs. In human liver, drug transport is controlled by two main superfamilies of transporters, the solute carrier transporters (SLC) and the ATP Binding Cassette transporters (ABC). Altered expression of these transporters due to drug-drug interactions can contribute to differences in drug exposure and possibly effect. In this study, we determined the effect of rifampin on gene expression of hundreds of membrane transporters along with all clinically relevant drug transporters. METHODS In this study, primary human hepatocytes (n = 7 donors) were cultured and treated for 24 h with rifampin and vehicle control. RNA was isolated from the hepatocytes, mRNA expression was measured by RNA-seq, and miRNA expression was analyzed by Taqman OpenArray. The effect of rifampin on the expression of selected transporters was also tested in kidney cell lines. The impact of rifampin on the expression of 410 transporter genes from 19 different transporter gene families was compared with vehicle control. RESULTS Expression patterns of 12 clinically relevant drug transporter genes were changed by rifampin (FDR < 0.05). For example, the expressions of ABCC2, ABCB1, and ABCC3 were increased 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.2-fold, respectively. The effects of rifampin on four uptake drug transporters (SLCO1B3, SLC47A1, SLC29A1, SLC22A9) were negatively correlated with the rifampin effects on specific microRNA expression (SLCO1B3/miR-92a, SLC47A1/miR-95, SLC29A1/miR-30d#, and SLC22A9/miR-20; r < -0.79; p < 0.05). Seven hepatic drug transporter genes (SLC22A1, SLC22A5, SLC15A1, SLC29A1, SLCO4C1, ABCC2, and ABCC4), whose expression was altered by rifampin in hepatocytes, were also present in a renal proximal tubular cell line, but in renal cells rifampin did not alter their gene expression. PXR expression was very low in the kidney cells; this may explain why rifampin induces gene expression in a tissue-specific manner. CONCLUSION Rifampin alters the expression of many of the clinically relevant hepatic drug transporters, which may provide a rational basis for understanding rifampin-induced drug-drug interactions reported in vivo. The relevance of its effect on many other transporters remains to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric A Benson
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael T Eadon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zeruesenay Desta
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kimberly S Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew W Segar
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Kansas City and School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Todd C Skaar
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN, USA
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24
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He ZX, Chen XW, Zhou ZW, Zhou SF. Impact of physiological, pathological and environmental factors on the expression and activity of human cytochrome P450 2D6 and implications in precision medicine. Drug Metab Rev 2015; 47:470-519. [PMID: 26574146 DOI: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With only 1.3-4.3% in total hepatic CYP content, human CYP2D6 can metabolize more than 160 drugs. It is a highly polymorphic enzyme and subject to marked inhibition by a number of drugs, causing a large interindividual variability in drug clearance and drug response and drug-drug interactions. The expression and activity of CYP2D6 are regulated by a number of physiological, pathological and environmental factors at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational and epigenetic levels. DNA hypermethylation and histone modifications can repress the expression of CYP2D6. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α binds to a directly repeated element in the promoter of CYP2D6 and thus regulates the expression of CYP2D6. Small heterodimer partner represses hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α-mediated transactivation of CYP2D6. GW4064, a farnesoid X receptor agonist, decreases hepatic CYP2D6 expression and activity while increasing small heterodimer partner expression and its recruitment to the CYP2D6 promoter. The genotypes are key determinants of interindividual variability in CYP2D6 expression and activity. Recent genome-wide association studies have identified a large number of genes that can regulate CYP2D6. Pregnancy induces CYP2D6 via unknown mechanisms. Renal or liver diseases, smoking and alcohol use have minor to moderate effects only on CYP2D6 activity. Unlike CYP1 and 3 and other CYP2 members, CYP2D6 is resistant to typical inducers such as rifampin, phenobarbital and dexamethasone. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation of CYP2D6 Ser135 have been observed, but the functional impact is unknown. Further functional and validation studies are needed to clarify the role of nuclear receptors, epigenetic factors and other factors in the regulation of CYP2D6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Xu He
- a Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , China
| | - Xiao-Wu Chen
- b Department of General Surgery , The First People's Hospital of Shunde, Southern Medical University , Shunde , Foshan , Guangdong , China , and
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhou
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Shu-Feng Zhou
- a Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering Research Center & Sino-US Joint Laboratory for Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang , Guizhou , China .,c Department of Pharmaceutical Science , College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida , Tampa , FL , USA
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25
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Burgess KS, Philips S, Benson EA, Desta Z, Gaedigk A, Gaedigk R, Segar MW, Liu Y, Skaar TC. Age-Related Changes in MicroRNA Expression and Pharmacogenes in Human Liver. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2015; 98:205-15. [PMID: 25968989 PMCID: PMC4512918 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Developmental changes in the liver can significantly impact drug disposition. Due to the emergence of microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of drug disposition gene expression, we studied age-dependent changes in miRNA expression. Expression of 533 miRNAs was measured in 90 human liver tissues (fetal, pediatric [1-17 years], and adult [28-80 years]; n = 30 each). In all, 114 miRNAs were upregulated and 72 were downregulated from fetal to pediatric, and 2 and 3, respectively, from pediatric to adult. Among the developmentally changing miRNAs, 99 miRNA-mRNA interactions were predicted or experimentally validated (e.g., hsa-miR-125b-5p-CYP1A1; hsa-miR-34a-5p-HNF4A). In human liver samples (n = 10 each), analyzed by RNA-sequencing, significant negative correlations were observed between the expression of >1,000 miRNAs and mRNAs of drug disposition and regulatory genes. Our data suggest a mechanism for the marked changes in hepatic gene expression between the fetal and pediatric developmental periods, and support a role for these age-dependent miRNAs in regulating drug disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Burgess
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - S Philips
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - E A Benson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Z Desta
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - A Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, and School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - R Gaedigk
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Innovation, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, and School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - M W Segar
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - T C Skaar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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26
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Genome-wide discovery of drug-dependent human liver regulatory elements. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004648. [PMID: 25275310 PMCID: PMC4183418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-individual variation in gene regulatory elements is hypothesized to play a causative role in adverse drug reactions and reduced drug activity. However, relatively little is known about the location and function of drug-dependent elements. To uncover drug-associated elements in a genome-wide manner, we performed RNA-seq and ChIP-seq using antibodies against the pregnane X receptor (PXR) and three active regulatory marks (p300, H3K4me1, H3K27ac) on primary human hepatocytes treated with rifampin or vehicle control. Rifampin and PXR were chosen since they are part of the CYP3A4 pathway, which is known to account for the metabolism of more than 50% of all prescribed drugs. We selected 227 proximal promoters for genes with rifampin-dependent expression or nearby PXR/p300 occupancy sites and assayed their ability to induce luciferase in rifampin-treated HepG2 cells, finding only 10 (4.4%) that exhibited drug-dependent activity. As this result suggested a role for distal enhancer modules, we searched more broadly to identify 1,297 genomic regions bearing a conditional PXR occupancy as well as all three active regulatory marks. These regions are enriched near genes that function in the metabolism of xenobiotics, specifically members of the cytochrome P450 family. We performed enhancer assays in rifampin-treated HepG2 cells for 42 of these sequences as well as 7 sequences that overlap linkage-disequilibrium blocks defined by lead SNPs from pharmacogenomic GWAS studies, revealing 15/42 and 4/7 to be functional enhancers, respectively. A common African haplotype in one of these enhancers in the GSTA locus was found to exhibit potential rifampin hypersensitivity. Combined, our results further suggest that enhancers are the predominant targets of rifampin-induced PXR activation, provide a genome-wide catalog of PXR targets and serve as a model for the identification of drug-responsive regulatory elements. Drug response varies between individuals and can be caused by genetic factors. Nucleotide variation in gene regulatory elements can have a significant effect on drug response, but due to the difficulty in identifying these elements, they remain understudied. Here, we used various genomic assays to analyze human liver cells treated with or without the antibiotic rifampin and identified drug-induced regulatory elements genome-wide. The testing of numerous active promoters in human liver cells showed only a few to be induced by rifampin treatment. A similar analysis of enhancers found several of them to be induced by the drug. Nucleotide variants in one of these enhancers were found to alter its activity. Combined, this work identifies numerous novel gene regulatory elements that can be activated due to drug response and thus provides candidate sequences in the human genome where nucleotide variation can lead to differences in drug response. It also provides a universally applicable method to detect these elements for other drugs.
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Swart M, Dandara C. Genetic variation in the 3'-UTR of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, NR1I2, and UGT2B7: potential effects on regulation by microRNA and pharmacogenomics relevance. Front Genet 2014; 5:167. [PMID: 24926315 PMCID: PMC4044583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Pharmacogenomics research has concentrated on variation in genes coding for drug metabolizing enzymes, transporters and nuclear receptors. However, variation affecting microRNA could also play a role in drug response. This project set out to investigate potential microRNA target sites in 11 genes and the extent of variation in the 3′-UTR of six selected genes; CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP3A4, NR1I2, and UGT2B7. Methods: Fifteen microRNA target prediction algorithms were used to identify microRNAs predicted to regulate 11 genes. The 3′-UTR of the 6 genes which topped the list of potential microRNA targets was sequenced in 30 black South Africans. In addition, genetic variants within these genes were investigated for interference with mRNA-microRNA interactions. Potential effects of observed variants were determined using in silico prediction tools. Results: The 11 genes coding for DMEs, transporters and nuclear receptors were predicted to be targets of microRNAs with CYP2B6, NR1I2 (PXR), CYP3A4, and CYP1A2, interacting with the most microRNAs. The majority of identified genetic variants were predicted to interfere with microRNA regulation. For example, the variant, rs1054190C in NR1I2 was predicted to result in the presence of a binding site for the microRNA miR-1250-5p, while the variant rs1054191G was predicted to result in the absence of a recognition site for miR-371b-3p, miR-4258 and miR-4707-3p. Fifteen of the seventeen, novel variants occurred within microRNA target sequences. Conclusion: The 3′-UTR harbors variation that is likely to influence regulation of specific genes by microRNA. In silico prediction followed by functional validation could aid in decoding the contribution of variation in the 3′-UTR, to some unexplained heritability that affects drug response. Understanding the specific role of each microRNA may lead to identification of markers for targeted therapy and therefore improve personalized drug treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marelize Swart
- Pharmacogenetics and Cancer Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics and Cancer Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town Cape Town, South Africa
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Takahashi K, Tatsumi N, Fukami T, Yokoi T, Nakajima M. Integrated analysis of rifampicin-induced microRNA and gene expression changes in human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 29:333-40. [PMID: 24552687 DOI: 10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-13-rg-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) post-transcriptionally regulate mRNA expression, controlling global cell function. Altered expression or function of miRNAs causes various diseases. Chemically induced changes in miRNA expression in human tissues are not fully understood. We investigated the changes in miRNA expression by rifampicin, which modulates the expression of various genes related to drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, in human hepatocytes, and evaluated the relationship with the gene expression changes. We found that 23 miRNAs were increased (>2-fold) and 17 miRNAs were decreased (<0.5-fold) among 150 detected miRNAs, whereas 60 genes were increased and 105 genes were decreased among 22,673 detected genes upon treatment with 10 µM rifampicin. Changes in 17 intragenic miRNAs out of 40 altered miRNAs did not occur in parallel with alterations in their host genes. We searched for the target mRNAs of the miRNAs altered by rifampicin and found that the changes in expression of 16 mRNA/miRNA pairs were inversely associated. Thus, some mRNA expression altered by rifampicin may result from miRNA regulation. In conclusion, we found that rifampicin altered miRNA expression in human hepatocytes. We obtained new insight on the mechanism of the miRNA expression changes and the complicated relationship with gene transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Drug Metabolism and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kanazawa University
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29
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Zhong XB, Leeder JS. Epigenetic regulation of ADME-related genes: focus on drug metabolism and transport. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1721-4. [PMID: 23935066 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.053942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation of gene expression refers to heritable factors that are functionally relevant genomic modifications but that do not involve changes in DNA sequence. Examples of such modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications, noncoding RNAs, and chromatin architecture. Epigenetic modifications are crucial for packaging and interpreting the genome, and they have fundamental functions in regulating gene expression and activity under the influence of physiologic and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetics has become one of the fastest-growing areas of science and has now become a central issue in biologic studies of development and disease pathogenesis. The interest in epigenetics is also true for studies of drug metabolism and transport. In this issue of Drug Metabolism and Disposition, a series of articles is presented to demonstrate the role of epigenetic factors in regulating the expression of genes involved in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion in organ development, tissue-specific gene expression, sexual dimorphism, and in the adaptive response to xenobiotic exposure, both therapeutic and toxic. The articles also demonstrate that, in addition to genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics may also contribute to wide interindividual variations in drug metabolism and transport. Identification of functionally relevant epigenetic biomarkers in human specimens has the potential to improve prediction of drug responses based on patient's epigenetic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-bo Zhong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut (X.B.Z.); and Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics and University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri (J.S.L.)
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