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Haduch A, Bromek E, Kuban W, Basińska-Ziobroń A, Danek PJ, Alenina N, Bader M, Daniel WA. The effect of brain serotonin deficit (TPH2-KO) on the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450 enzymes in aging male Dark Agouti rats. Pharmacol Rep 2023; 75:1522-1532. [PMID: 37848703 PMCID: PMC10661807 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00540-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver cytochrome P450 (CYP) greatly contributes to the metabolism of endogenous substances and drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated that CYP expression in the liver is controlled by the central nervous system via hormonal pathways. In particular, the expression of hepatic CYPs is negatively regulated by the brain serotoninergic system. The present study aimed to investigate changes in the function of the main liver drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes as a result of serotonin depletion in the brain of aging rats, caused by knockout of brain tryptophan hydroxylase gene (TPH2-KO). METHODS The hepatic CYP mRNA (qRT-PCR), protein level (Western blotting) and activity (HPLC), and serum hormone levels (ELISA) were measured in Dark Agouti wild-type (WT) male rats (mature 3.5-month-old and senescent 21-month-old) and in TPH2-KO senescent animals. RESULTS The expression/activity of the studied CYPs decreased with age in the liver of wild-type rats. The deprivation of serotonin in the brain of aging males decreased the mRNA level of most of the studied CYPs (CYP1A/2A/2B/3A), and lowered the protein level of CYP2C11 and CYP3A. In contrast, the activities of CYP2C11, CYP3A and CYP2C6 were increased. The expression of cytochrome b5 decreased in aging rats, but increased in TPH2-deficient senescent animals. The serum concentration of growth hormone declined in the aged and further dropped down in TPH2-deficient senescent rats. CONCLUSIONS Rat liver cytochrome P450 functions deteriorate with age, which may impair drug metabolism. The TPH2 knockout, which deprives brain serotonin, affects cytochrome P450 expression and activity differently in mature and senescent male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Bromek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kuban
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Basińska-Ziobroń
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław J Danek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
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Daniel WA, Bromek E, Danek PJ, Haduch A. The mechanisms of interactions of psychotropic drugs with liver and brain cytochrome P450 and their significance for drug effect and drug-drug interactions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115006. [PMID: 35314167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays an important role in psychopharmacology. While liver CYP enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of psychotropic drugs, brain CYP enzymes are involved in the local metabolism of these drugs and endogenous neuroactive substances, such as neurosteroids, and in alternative pathways of neurotransmitter biosynthesis including dopamine and serotonin. Recent studies have revealed a relation between the brain nervous system and cytochrome P450, indicating that CYP enzymes metabolize endogenous neuroactive substances in the brain, while the brain nervous system is engaged in the central neuroendocrine and neuroimmune regulation of cytochrome P450 in the liver. Therefore, the effect of neuroactive drugs on cytochrome P450 should be investigated not only in vitro, but also at in vivo conditions, since only in vivo all mechanisms of drug-enzyme interaction can be observed, including neuroendocrine and neuroimmune modulation. Psychotropic drugs can potentially affect cytochrome P450 via a number of mechanisms operating at the level of the nervous, hormonal and immune systems, and the liver. Their effect on cytochrome P450 in the brain is often different than in the liver and region-dependent. Since psychotropic drugs can affect cytochrome P450 both in the liver and brain, they can modify their own pharmacological effect at both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The article describes the mechanisms by which psychotropic drugs can change the expression/activity of cytochrome P450 in the liver and brain, and discusses the significance of those mechanisms for drug action and drug-drug interactions. Moreover, the brain CYP2D6 is considered as a potential target for psychotropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Władysława A Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bromek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Przemysław J Danek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Haduch
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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The Selective NMDA Receptor GluN2B Subunit Antagonist CP-101,606 with Antidepressant Properties Modulates Cytochrome P450 Expression in the Liver. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101643. [PMID: 34683936 PMCID: PMC8539289 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research indicates that selective NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit antagonists may become useful for the treatment of major depressive disorders. We aimed to examine in parallel the effect of the selective NMDA receptor GluN2B subunit antagonist CP-101,606 on the pituitary/serum hormone levels and on the regulation of cytochrome P450 in rat liver. CP-101,606 (20 mg/kg ip. for 5 days) decreased the activity of CYP1A, CYP2A, CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A, but not that of CYP2C6. The alterations in enzymatic activity were accompanied by changes in the CYP protein and mRNA levels. In parallel, a decrease in the pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone, and in serum growth hormone and corticosterone (but not T3 and T4) concentration was observed. After a 3-week administration period of CP-101,606 less changes were found. A decrease in the CYP3A enzyme activity and protein level was still maintained, though no change in the mRNA level was found. A slight decrease in the serum concentration of corticosterone was also maintained, while GH level returned to the control value. The obtained results imply engagement of the glutamatergic system in the neuroendocrine regulation of cytochrome P450 and potential involvement of drugs acting on NMDA receptors in metabolic drug–drug interactions.
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McLaurin KA, Harris M, Madormo V, Harrod SB, Mactutus CF, Booze RM. HIV-Associated Apathy/Depression and Neurocognitive Impairments Reflect Persistent Dopamine Deficits. Cells 2021; 10:2158. [PMID: 34440928 PMCID: PMC8392364 DOI: 10.3390/cells10082158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals living with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are often plagued by debilitating neurocognitive impairments and affective alterations;the pathophysiology underlying these deficits likely includes dopaminergic system dysfunction. The present review utilized four interrelated aims to critically examine the evidence for dopaminergic alterations following HIV-1 viral protein exposure. First, basal dopamine (DA) values are dependent upon both brain region andexperimental approach (i.e., high-performance liquid chromatography, microdialysis or fast-scan cyclic voltammetry). Second, neurochemical measurements overwhelmingly support decreased DA concentrations following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure. Neurocognitive impairments, including alterations in pre-attentive processes and attention, as well as apathetic behaviors, provide an additional line of evidence for dopaminergic deficits in HIV-1. Third, to date, there is no compelling evidence that combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), the primary treatment regimen for HIV-1 seropositive individuals, has any direct pharmacological action on the dopaminergic system. Fourth, the infection of microglia by HIV-1 viral proteins may mechanistically underlie the dopamine deficit observed following chronic HIV-1 viral protein exposure. An inclusive and critical evaluation of the literature, therefore, supports the fundamental conclusion that long-term HIV-1 viral protein exposure leads to a decreased dopaminergic state, which continues to persist despite the advent of cART. Thus, effective treatment of HIV-1-associated apathy/depression and neurocognitive impairments must focus on strategies for rectifying decreases in dopamine function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rosemarie M. Booze
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; (K.A.M.); (M.H.); (V.M.); (S.B.H.); (C.F.M.)
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Bromek E, Daniel WA. The regulation of liver cytochrome P450 expression and activity by the brain serotonergic system in different experimental models. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2021; 17:413-424. [PMID: 33400885 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2021.1872543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolizes vital endogenous (steroids, vitamins) and exogenous (drugs, toxins) substrates. Studies of the last decade have revealed that the brain dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems are involved in the regulation of CYP. Recent research indicates that the brain serotonergic system is also engaged in its regulation.Areas covered: This review focuses on the role of the brain serotonergic system in the regulation of liver CYP expression. It shows the effect of lesion and activation of the serotonergic system after peripheral or intracerebral injections of neurotoxins, serotonin precursor, or serotonin (5-HT) receptor agonists. An opposite role of the hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and 5-HT receptors present therein in the regulation of CYP is described. The engagement of those nuclei in the neuroendocrine regulation of CYP by hypothalamic releasing or inhibiting hormones, pituitary hormones, and peripheral gland hormones are shown.Expert opinion: In general, the brain serotonergic system negatively regulates liver cytochrome P450. However, the effects of serotonergic agents on the enzyme expression depend on their mechanism of action, the route of administration (intracerebral/peripheral), as well as on local intracerebral site of injection and 5-HT receptor-subtypes present therein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bromek
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława Anna Daniel
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Matt SM, Gaskill PJ. Where Is Dopamine and how do Immune Cells See it?: Dopamine-Mediated Immune Cell Function in Health and Disease. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2020; 15:114-164. [PMID: 31077015 PMCID: PMC6842680 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-019-09851-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine is well recognized as a neurotransmitter in the brain, and regulates critical functions in a variety of peripheral systems. Growing research has also shown that dopamine acts as an important regulator of immune function. Many immune cells express dopamine receptors and other dopamine related proteins, enabling them to actively respond to dopamine and suggesting that dopaminergic immunoregulation is an important part of proper immune function. A detailed understanding of the physiological concentrations of dopamine in specific regions of the human body, particularly in peripheral systems, is critical to the development of hypotheses and experiments examining the effects of physiologically relevant dopamine concentrations on immune cells. Unfortunately, the dopamine concentrations to which these immune cells would be exposed in different anatomical regions are not clear. To address this issue, this comprehensive review details the current information regarding concentrations of dopamine found in both the central nervous system and in many regions of the periphery. In addition, we discuss the immune cells present in each region, and how these could interact with dopamine in each compartment described. Finally, the review briefly addresses how changes in these dopamine concentrations could influence immune cell dysfunction in several disease states including Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, as well as the collection of pathologies, cognitive and motor symptoms associated with HIV infection in the central nervous system, known as NeuroHIV. These data will improve our understanding of the interactions between the dopaminergic and immune systems during both homeostatic function and in disease, clarify the effects of existing dopaminergic drugs and promote the creation of new therapeutic strategies based on manipulating immune function through dopaminergic signaling. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
| | - P J Gaskill
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
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Bromek E, Rysz M, Haduch A, Daniel WA. Stimulation of 5-HT 2C serotonin receptor subtype in the hypothalamic arcuate nuclei (ARC) increases the cytochrome P450 activity in the liver. Pharmacol Rep 2019; 71:1210-1212. [PMID: 31671379 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study has demonstrated that activation of the 5-HT2, but not 5-HT1 serotonin receptor type in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) is responsible for the neuroendocrine regulation of liver cytochrome P450. The goal of these studies was to determine whether 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtype in the ARC is engaged in the regulation of liver cytochrome P450. METHODS The 5-HT2C serotonin receptor agonist CP-809,101 was injected into the ARC for 5 days. The liver cytochrome P450 activity and protein level were measured. RESULTS In rats receiving an injection of the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor agonist CP-809,101 into the ARC (1 μg/side) for five days, the activities of CYP2B, CYP2C11 and CYP3A significantly increased corresponding with the elevated enzyme protein level. CONCLUSIONS The obtained results suggest that the 5-HT2C serotonin receptor subtype in the ARC is involved in the positive neuroendocrine regulation of cytochrome P450. Further studies are in progress to explain the physiological mechanism which is responsible for the observed regulation of cytochrome P450 by 5-HT2C receptor present in the ARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bromek
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Rysz
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Haduch
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Władysława A Daniel
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
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Bromek E, Rysz M, Haduch A, Daniel WA. Serotonin Receptors of 5-HT2 Type in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nuclei Positively Regulate Liver Cytochrome P450 via Stimulation of the Growth Hormone–Releasing Hormone/Growth Hormone Hormonal Pathway. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 47:80-85. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.118.083808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Zhong Y, Li S, Chen L, Liu Z, Luo X, Xu P, Chen L. In Vivo Toxicity of Solasonine and Its Effects on cyp450 Family Gene Expression in the Livers of Male Mice from Four Strains. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10120487. [PMID: 30477109 PMCID: PMC6315709 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10120487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Solasonine was reported to inhibit tumour cell growth in several different models. The in vivo toxicity of solasonine, the effects of genetic background on its toxicity, and its possible roles in regulating the expression of cyp450 family genes were still unclear and required characterisation. Here, Horn’s assays were performed on male mice from four different strains, and the expression of cyp450 family genes in their livers was examined by RT-PCR and ELISA. Mice treated by intraperitoneal injection with high levels of solasonine showed immediate post-excitatory depression, intraperitoneal tissue adhesion, and dissolving of cells in the liver. Furthermore, these four mouse strains showed different toxicological sensitivity to solasonine. The strains, in decreasing order of LD50 value, rescuing speed of body weight, and more severe pathological symptoms, were KM, ICR, C57BL/6, and BALB/c. Interestingly, more cyp450 genes were downregulated at the mRNA and/or protein level in the livers of male mice from C57BL/6 or BALB/c strains than those from KM or ICR strains. These results suggest that (1) Solasonine has hepatic toxicity and downregulates cyp450 genes expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels; (2) Genetic background is an important factor which can affect the in vivo toxicity; (3) Downregulation of cyp450 gene expression in the liver may be a clue to help understand whether or not a given strain is sensitive to solasonine; (4) Influences on the expression of cyp450 genes should be considered when using solasonine alone, or in combination with other drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youbao Zhong
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Shanshan Li
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Liling Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Xiaoquan Luo
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Peng Xu
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Lai Chen
- Laboratory Animal Research Center for Science and Technology, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1688 Meiling Road, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Jiangxi, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Bromek E, Rysz M, Haduch A, Wójcikowski J, Daniel WA. Activation of 5-HT1A Receptors in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nuclei Negatively Regulates Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity in Rat Liver. Drug Metab Dispos 2018; 46:786-793. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.079632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Kot M, Haduch A, Papp M, Daniel WA. The Effect of Chronic Treatment with Lurasidone on Rat Liver Cytochrome P450 Expression and Activity in the Chronic Mild Stress Model of Depression. Drug Metab Dispos 2017; 45:1336-1344. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.117.077826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Rysz M, Bromek E, Haduch A, Liskova B, Wójcikowski J, Daniel WA. The reverse role of the hypothalamic paraventricular (PVN) and arcuate (ARC) nuclei in the central serotonergic regulation of the liver cytochrome P450 isoform CYP2C11. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 112:82-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Activation of brain serotonergic system by repeated intracerebral administration of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) decreases the expression and activity of liver cytochrome P450. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 99:113-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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