1
|
Malik MS, Alshareef HF, Alfaidi KA, Ather H, Abduljaleel Z, Hussein EM, Moussa Z, Ahmed SA. Exploring the untapped pharmacological potential of imidazopyridazines. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3972-3984. [PMID: 38288152 PMCID: PMC10823362 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07280k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Imidazopyridazines are fused heterocycles, like purines, with a pyridazine ring replacing the pyrimidine ring in purines. Imidazopyridazines have been primarily studied for their kinase inhibition activity in the development of new anticancer and antimalarial agents. In addition to this, they have also been investigated for their anticonvulsant, antiallergic, antihistamine, antiviral, and antitubercular properties. Herein, we review the background and development of different imidazopyridazines as potential pharmacological agents. Moreover, the scope of this relatively less charted heterocyclic scaffold is also highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shaheer Malik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hossa F Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid A Alfaidi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hissana Ather
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainularifeen Abduljaleel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University (KKU) Abha 62529 Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam M Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| | - Ziad Moussa
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University P.O. Box 15551 Al Ain United Arab Emirates
| | - Saleh A Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Umm Al-Qura University Makkah 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Assiut University 71516 Assiut Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
El Akkaoui A, Koubachi J, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. Synthesis and Functionalization of Imidazo[1,2‐
b
]Pyridazine by Means of Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed El Akkaoui
- Laboratory of Analytical and Molecular Chemistry (LCAM) Polydisciplinary Faculty of Safi Cadi Ayyad University, Sidi Bouzid, B.P. 4162 46000 Safi Morocco
| | - Jamal Koubachi
- Polydisciplinary Faculty of Taroudant Laboratory of Applied and Environmental Chemistry (LACAPE) Faculty of Sciences Ibn Zohr University of Agadir, B.P 271 83000 Taroudant Morocco
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry University of Orleans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759 45067 Orleans Cedex 2 France
- Euromed Research Centre School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology Euromed University of Fes (UEMF) Route de Meknès 30000 Fez Morocco
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Centre School of Engineering in Biomedical and Biotechnology Euromed University of Fes (UEMF) Route de Meknès 30000 Fez Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Vetrichelvan M, Rakshit S, Chandrasekaran S, Chinnakalai K, Darne CP, Doddalingappa D, Gopikumar I, Gupta A, Gupta AK, Karmakar A, Lakshminarasimhan T, Leahy DK, Palani S, Radhakrishnan V, Rampulla R, Savarimuthu A, Subramanian V, Velaparthi U, Warrier J, Eastgate MD, Borzilleri RM, Mathur A, Vaidyanathan R. Development of a Scalable Synthesis of the Small Molecule TGFβR1 Inhibitor BMS-986260. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthalagu Vetrichelvan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Souvik Rakshit
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Sathishkumar Chandrasekaran
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Karthikeyan Chinnakalai
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Chetan Padmakar Darne
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O.
Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Dyamanna Doddalingappa
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Indasi Gopikumar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Arun Kumar Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Ananta Karmakar
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Thirumalai Lakshminarasimhan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - David K. Leahy
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Senthil Palani
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Vignesh Radhakrishnan
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Richard Rampulla
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O.
Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Antony Savarimuthu
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Varadharajan Subramanian
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Upender Velaparthi
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O.
Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Jayakumar Warrier
- Medicinal Chemistry, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| | - Martin D. Eastgate
- Chemical Process Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Robert M. Borzilleri
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O.
Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O.
Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, United States
| | - Rajappa Vaidyanathan
- Chemical Development and API Supply, Biocon Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560099, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gaikwad DD, Pawar UD, Chavan SL, Pawar CD, Pansare DN, Shelke RN, Chavan SL, Zine AM. Synthesis and anti‐proliferative activity studies of 2‐(2‐(trifluoromethyl)‐6‐(substituted)imidazo[1,2‐
b
]pyridazin‐3‐yl)‐
N
‐(substituted)acetamide derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Umakant D. Pawar
- Department of ChemistryRegional Forensic Science Laboratories Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | | | - Chandrakant D. Pawar
- Department of Chemical TechnologyDr. Babasahaeb Ambedkar Marathwada University Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | | | - Rohini N. Shelke
- Department of ChemistryDeogiri College Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Santosh L. Chavan
- Department of ChemistryMaharashtra Pollution Control Board Aurangabad Maharashtra India
| | - Ashok M. Zine
- Department of ChemistryVinayakrao Patil College Vaijapur Maharashtra India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandit SS, Kulkarni MR, Pandit YB, Lad NP, Khedkar VM. Synthesis and in vitro evaluations of 6-(hetero)-aryl-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-3-sulfonamide’s as an inhibitor of TNF-α production. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2017.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
6
|
Pandit SS, Kulkarni MR, Ghosh U, Pandit YB, Lad NP. Synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazo[1,2-[Formula: see text]]pyridazines as inhibitors of TNF-[Formula: see text] production. Mol Divers 2017; 22:545-560. [PMID: 29197963 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9798-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-[Formula: see text] is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible for a diverse range of inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. In the present manuscript, our medicinal chemistry efforts on the design, synthesis and TNF-[Formula: see text] evaluation of a series of 3, 6-disubstituted imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine is described. The best compounds were 3-pyridyl and (4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl) analogs 8q and 8w, showing inhibition of TNF-[Formula: see text] production with IC[Formula: see text]values of 0.9 and 0.4 [Formula: see text]M, respectively. The identified leads have potential for further development for treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shivaji S Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist., Ahmednagar, 413713, India.
| | - Mahesh R Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist., Ahmednagar, 413713, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 063, India
| | - Usha Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 063, India
| | - Yashwant B Pandit
- Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist., Ahmednagar, 413713, India
| | - Nitin P Lad
- Department of Chemistry, Post Graduate and Research Centre, Padmashri Vikhe Patil College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Pravaranagar, A/P Loni, Tal. Rahata, Dist., Ahmednagar, 413713, India.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Enterprises Limited 1, Nirlon Complex, Off Western Exp. Highway, Near NSE Complex, Goregaon East, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400 063, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jo S, Ryu J, Han HY, Lee G, Ryu MH, Kim H. Anti-inflammatory activity of Kochia scoparia fruit on contact dermatitis in mice. Mol Med Rep 2015; 13:1695-700. [PMID: 26707133 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The mature fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. is widely administered in China and Korea as a medicinal herb for treatment of skin diseases, diabetes mellitus and rheumatoid arthritis. The present study investigated the effects of methanol extracts of K. scoparia dried fruit (MEKS) on ear swelling, histopathological changes (such as epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration) and cytokine production in 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB)-induced contact dermatitis mice. Topical application of MEKS inhibited DNFB-induced ear thickness and weight increases, as well as DNFB-induced epidermal acanthosis, spongiosis and immune cell infiltration. In addition, treatment with MEKS significantly decreased the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in inflamed tissues. These data indicate that the mature fruit of K. scoparia has the potential to be administered for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases and that the anti-inflammatory action of K. scoparia is involved in the inhibition of type 1 T helper cell skewing reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzy Jo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyun Ryu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Yeon Han
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Geumsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 565-806, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Heon Ryu
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam‑do 626‑870, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jiao D, Wong CK, Qiu HN, Dong J, Cai Z, Chu M, Hon KL, Tsang MSM, Lam CWK. NOD2 and TLR2 ligands trigger the activation of basophils and eosinophils by interacting with dermal fibroblasts in atopic dermatitis-like skin inflammation. Cell Mol Immunol 2015; 13:535-50. [PMID: 26388234 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2015.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) has a unique predisposition for colonization by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which contributes to the inflammation and grim prognosis of AD. Although the mechanism underlying the S. aureus-induced exacerbation of AD remains unclear, recent studies have found a pivotal role for pattern recognition receptors in regulating the inflammatory responses in S. aureus infection. In the present study, we used a typical mouse model of AD-like skin inflammation and found that S. aureus-associated nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) ligands exacerbated AD-like symptoms, which were further deteriorated by the in vivo expansion of basophils and eosinophils. Subsequent histological analyses revealed that dermal fibroblasts were pervasive in the AD-like skin lesions. Co-culture of human dermal fibroblasts with basophils and eosinophils resulted in a vigorous cytokine/chemokine response to the NOD2/TLR2 ligands and the enhanced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 on the dermal fibroblasts. Basophils and eosinophils were primarily responsible for the AD-related cytokine/chemokine expression in the co-cultures. Direct intercellular contact was necessary for the crosstalk between basophils and dermal fibroblasts, while soluble mediators were sufficient to mediate the eosinophil-fibroblast interactions. Moreover, the intracellular p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathways were essential for NOD2/TLR2 ligand-mediated activation of basophils, eosinophils, and dermal fibroblasts in AD-related inflammation. This study provides the evidence of NOD2/TLR2-mediated exacerbation of AD through activation of innate immune cells and therefore sheds light on a novel mechanistic pathway by which S. aureus contributes to the pathophysiology of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Delong Jiao
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huai-Na Qiu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhe Cai
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kam-Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kubota K, Kurebayashi H, Miyachi H, Tobe M, Onishi M, Isobe Y. Synthesis and structure-activity relationship of tricyclic carboxylic acids as novel anti-histamines. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3005-21. [PMID: 21470866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of tricyclic carboxylic acids having 6-amino-pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione with piperazino or homopiperazino moiety linked by propylene, were synthesized and evaluated for their affinity toward human histamine H(1) receptor and Caco-2 cell permeability. Selected compounds were further evaluated for their oral anti-histaminic activity in mice, bioavailability in rats, and their anti-inflammatory activity in mice OVA-induced biphasic cutaneous reaction model. Among the compounds tested, dibenzoxazepine carboxylic acid 13b showed both histamine H(1) receptor antagonistic activity and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. In addition, 13b exhibited low affinity toward α(1) receptor and low occupancy of H(1) receptor in the brain. It is therefore, believed that 13b is a potential candidate for development as 3rd generation anti-histamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsumi Kubota
- Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma. Co., Ltd, 3-1-98 Kasagade-naka Konohana-ku Osaka-city, Osaka 554-0022, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Muhammad F, Haider H, Rahman ZU, Javed I, Khan MZ, Akhtar M, Zafar M, Anwar MI. Dermatotoxic effects of orally administered ciprofloxacin in sweating and nonsweating animal models. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2010; 29:254-60. [PMID: 20615097 DOI: 10.3109/15569527.2010.494325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Some drugs, such as ciprofloxacin (CFX), that are excreted in sweat may produce some effects/toxicities in the skin structure. In order to differentiate the dermatotoxic effects of drugs due to excretion in sweat, it is essential to perform simultaneous studies in sweating and nonsweating animal models. OBJECTIVE To determine the dermatotoxic effects of CFX in sweating (goats) and nonsweating (rabbits) animals and to determine whether there is a relationship between dermatotoxicity and the blood CFX concentration. MATERIALS AND METHODS CFX was administered orally at the dose rate of 20 mg/kg body weight to goats (n = 16) and rabbits (n = 16) for 1 and 2 weeks, while control animals were given vehicle (water). Skin biopsies were taken after 1- and 2-week administration of CFX and processed histologically. Similarly, the CFX concentration in the plasma samples was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Mean ± standard error (SE) epidermal thickness (μm) was 26.2 ± 0.2, 38.6 ± 2.05, and 37.8 ± 1.8 for the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated goats and 16.06 ± 2.39, 50.67 ± 6.61, and 34.03 ± .12 for the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively. Mean ± SE epidermal cell layers were 2.08 ± 0.08, 3.42 ± 0.16, and 3.25 ± 0.21 in the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated goats and 1 ± 0, 3.08 ± 0.37, and 1.83 ± 0.35 in the control, 1-week-treated, and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively. Mean ± SE plasma concentration (μg/mL) of CFX was 0.37 ± 0.06 and 0.30 ± 0.05 in the 1- and 2-week-treated goats and 0.13 ± 0.04 and 0.14 ± 0.09 in the 1- and 2-week-treated rabbits, respectively. CONCLUSION Microscopically, increases in epidermal thickness, number of cell layers, and cell infiltration were observed in both sweating and nonsweating animals, indicating that the dermatotoxic effects may not be due to CFX excretion in sweat. No relationship was found between dermatotoxicity and blood CFX concentration in both animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faqir Muhammad
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Oxazolone-induced delayed type hypersensitivity reaction in the adult yucatan pigs. A useful model for drug development and validation. Toxins (Basel) 2009; 1:25-36. [PMID: 22069530 PMCID: PMC3202774 DOI: 10.3390/toxins1010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to establish a model of delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) reaction in the ear skin of large animals such as adult Yucatan pigs, which may aid in evaluating the efficacy of therapeutic modalities of newly developed anti-inflammatory drugs. The pigs were sensitized with oxazolone, re-challenged with the same irritant six days later, and dosed with either vehicle or with cyclosporine A (CsA) before and after challenge. CsA reduced the redness, inhibited the accumulation of ear fluid and inflammatory cells, as well as the release of the inflammatory mediators. Further, CsA inhibited the proliferation of T cells collected from the spleens or PBMCs of CsA-treated pigs when these cells were stimulated in vitro with PMA plus Ionomycin. These results indicate that pig skin can be used to evaluate modalities for the purpose of developing drugs that may be used to treat DTH in humans.
Collapse
|
12
|
Kubota K, Kurebayashi H, Miyachi H, Tobe M, Onishi M, Isobe Y. Synthesis and structure–activity relationships of phenothiazine carboxylic acids having pyrimidine-dione as novel histamine H1 antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:2766-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.03.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 03/16/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Takeuchi T, Nonaka M, Yoshitomi S, Higuchi T, Ebihara T, Maeshiba Y, Kawase M, Asahi S. Marked impact of P-glycoprotein on the absorption of TAK-427 in rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2008; 29:311-23. [PMID: 18651556 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The role of P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) on the absorption process was investigated by drug-drug interaction studies of TAK-427 with P-gp inhibitors (erythromycin, ketoconazole or quinidine) in rats and by transport studies using rat multidrug resistance (MDR1) stably expressing cells and rat small intestine mounted in a Ussing-type chamber. TAK-427 showed high efflux activity with low permeability in rat MDR1a and MDR1b stably expressing cells and was revealed to be a typical substrate for P-gps. Although TAK-427 was mainly absorbed from the small intestine in rats, a large part of the dosed compound remained in the gastrointestinal tract. Orally co-administered P-gp inhibitors (50 mg/kg) increased the AUC of TAK-427 after a 5 mg/kg oral dose 5.4- to 18.3-fold, whereas orally administered P-gp inhibitors had a minor effect on the increase in the AUC of TAK-427 (1.3- to 2.2-fold) after a 0.5 mg/kg intravenous dose. Thus, the bioavailability of TAK-427 after oral administration in rats (7.3%) markedly increased when co-administered with P-gp inhibitors (28.6-57.6%). Moreover, the transport of TAK-427 was predominantly secretory throughout the rat small intestine and was inhibited by P-gp inhibitors. In conclusion, P-gp can markedly reduce the absorption of a typical P-gp substrate by its efflux activity throughout the absorption site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiyuki Takeuchi
- Development Research Center, Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Fukuda S, Midoro K, Gyoten M, Kawano Y, Ashida Y, Nabe T, Kohno S, Nagaya H. Effects of TAK-427 on acute nasal symptoms and nasal obstruction in guinea pig model of experimental allergic rhinitis. Eur J Pharmacol 2003; 476:239-47. [PMID: 12969771 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(03)02188-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
TAK-427 (2-[6-[[3-[4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]propyl]amino]imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]-2-methylpropionic acid dihydrate) is a novel anti-allergic agent that has both histamine H1-receptor antagonist and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of TAK-427 on acute nasal responses and nasal obstruction using various guinea pig models of allergic rhinitis. TAK-427 inhibited the histamine-induced nasal reactions with an ID50 value of 0.633 mg/kg, p.o. TAK-427 (0.1-10 mg/kg, p.o.) and most histamine H1-receptor antagonists tested inhibited the increase in intranasal pressure, nasal hypersecretion, sneezing and nasal itching caused by a single antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs. In addition, TAK-427 (0.3, 30 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited the development of nasal obstruction when sensitized guinea pigs were repeatedly challenged via inhalation with Japanese cedar pollen, whereas the histamine H1-receptor antagonist, azelastine (1 mg/kg, p.o.), and ketotifen (1 mg/kg, p.o.) were without effect. These results suggest that TAK-427 might not only suppress acute nasal symptoms but also ameliorate nasal obstruction via the effects other than those as a histamine H1-receptor antagonist.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Guinea Pigs
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histamine H1 Antagonists/pharmacology
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Nasal Obstruction/drug therapy
- Nasal Obstruction/immunology
- Ovalbumin/immunology
- Pollen/immunology
- Pyridazines/pharmacology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial/physiopathology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/drug therapy
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology
- Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/physiopathology
- Sneezing/drug effects
- Sneezing/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeru Fukuda
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, 2-17-85, Juso-Honmachi, Yodogawa, Osaka 532-8686, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gyoten M, Nagaya H, Fukuda S, Ashida Y, Kawano Y. Synthesis of eosinophil infiltration inhibitors with antihistaminic activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2003; 51:122-33. [PMID: 12576644 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.51.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of [1, 2, 4]triazolo[1, 5-b]pyridazines (5) and imidazo[1, 2-b]pyridazines (6) having cyclic amines was synthesized and evaluated for antihistaminic activity and inhibitory effect on eosinophil infiltration. When a piperidine or a piperazine containing a benzhydryl group and a suitable spacer was incorporated at the 6-position, the fused pyridazines were found to exhibit both antihistaminic activity and an inhibitory effect on eosinophil chemotaxis. Above all, 6a showed potent antihistaminic activity, but little blockade of central H(1) receptors in contrast with its complete blockade of peripheral H(1) receptors as determined by an ex vivo binding assay. Furthermore, 6a inhibited eosinophil infiltration of the skin caused by a topical antigen challenge in sensitized guinea pigs, while an antihistamine terfenadine was not effective. After the pharmacokinetic study, 6a was found to be rapidly hydrolyzed to 6o, which was also orally active. Compound 6o, 2-[6-[[3-[4-(diphenylmethoxy)piperidino]propyl]amino]imidazo[1, 2-b]pyridazin-2-yl]-2-methylpropionic acid dihydrate (TAK-427), having both antihistaminic and antiinflammatory activity, is currently undergoing clinical trials as a therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Gyoten
- Pharmaceutical Research Division, Takeda Chemical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|