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Vukolova MN, Yen LY, Khmyz MI, Sobolevsky AI, Yelshanskaya MV. Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-emerging role of AMPA and kainate subtypes of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1252953. [PMID: 38033869 PMCID: PMC10683763 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1252953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) mediate the majority of excitatory neurotransmission and are implicated in various neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of the two fastest iGluRs subtypes, namely, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors, in the pathogenesis and treatment of Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Although both AMPA and kainate receptors represent promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of these diseases, many of their antagonists show adverse side effects. Further studies of factors affecting the selective subunit expression and trafficking of AMPA and kainate receptors, and a reasonable approach to their regulation by the recently identified novel compounds remain promising directions for pharmacological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina N. Vukolova
- Department of Pathophysiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Laura Y. Yen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics Graduate Program, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Margarita I. Khmyz
- N. V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander I. Sobolevsky
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria V. Yelshanskaya
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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2
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Schäfer M, Stünkel T, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Regio- and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205508. [PMID: 35583965 PMCID: PMC9400885 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The regio‐ and enantio‐selective, intermolecular vicinal fluoroamination of α‐trifluoromethyl styrenes has been achieved by enantioselective II/IIII catalysis. Leveraging C2‐symmetric resorcinol‐based aryl iodide catalysts, it has been possible to intercept the transient iodonium intermediate using simple nitriles, which function as both the solvent and nucleophile. In situ Ritter reaction provides direct access to the corresponding amides (up to 89 % yield, e.r. 93 : 7). This main group catalysis paradigm inverts the intrinsic regioselectivity of the uncatalyzed process, thereby providing facile access to tertiary, benzylic stereocenters bearing both CF3 and F groups. Privileged phenethylamine pharmacophores can be generated in which there is complete local partial charge inversion (CF3δ−/Fδ− versus CH3δ+/Hδ+). Crystallographic analyses of representative β‐fluoroamide products reveal highly pre‐organized conformations that manifest the stereoelectronic gauche effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Timo Stünkel
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149, Münster, Germany
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3
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Schäfer M, Stünkel T, Daniliuc CG, Gilmour R. Regio‐ and Enantioselective Intermolecular Aminofluorination of Alkenes via Iodine(I)/Iodine(III) Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schäfer
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Timo Stünkel
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- WWU Münster: Westfalische Wilhelms-Universitat Munster Organisch Chemisches Institut GERMANY
| | - Ryan Gilmour
- Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster Organic Chemistry Institute Corrensstrasse 40 48149 Muenster GERMANY
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4
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Chaudhry ZL, Gamal M, Ferhati I, Warda M, Ahmed BY. ER Stress in COVID-19 and Parkinson’s Disease: In Vitro and In Silico Evidences. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12040507. [PMID: 35448038 PMCID: PMC9025812 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) signifies a serious worldwide concern to public health. Both transcriptome and proteome of SARS-CoV-2-infected cells synergize the progression of infection in host, which may exacerbate symptoms and/or progression of other chronic diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). Oxidative stress is a well-known cause of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress observed in both SARS-CoV-2 and PD. In the current study, we aimed to explore the influence of PKR-like ER kinase (PERK) stress pathway under SARS-CoV-2-mediated infection and in human cell model of PD. Furthermore, we investigated whether they are interconnected and if the ER stress inhibitors could inhibit cell death and provide cellular protection. To achieve this aim, we have incorporated in silico analysis obtained from gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), a literature review and laboratory data. The neurotoxin, 6-hydroxy dopamine (6OHDA), was used to mimic the biochemical and neuropathological characteristics of PD by inducing oxidative stress in dopamine-containing neurons differentiated from ReNVM cell line (dDCNs). Furthermore, we explored if ER stress influences activation of caspases-2, -4 and -8 in SARS-CoV-2 and in stressed dDCNs. Our laboratory data using Western blot, immunocytochemistry and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analyses indicated that 6OHDA-induced toxicity triggered activation of caspases-2, -4 and -8 in dDCNs. Under SARS-CoV-2 infection of different cell types, GSEA revealed cell-specific sensitivities to oxidative and ER stresses. Cardiomyocytes and type II alveolar epithelial-like cells were more vulnerable to oxidative stress than neural cells. On the other side, only cardiomyocytes activated the unfolded protein response, however, the PERK pathway was operative in both cardiomyocytes and neural cells. In addition, caspase-4 activation by a SARS-CoV-2 was observed via in silico analyses. These results demonstrate that the ER stress pathway under oxidative stress in SARS-CoV-2 and PD are interconnected using diverse pathways. Furthermore, our results using the ER stress inhibitor and caspase specific inhibitors provided cellular protection suggesting that the use of specific inhibitors can provide effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of COVID-19 and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahara L. Chaudhry
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Mahmoud Gamal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Ingrid Ferhati
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (I.F.)
| | - Mohamad Warda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt; (M.G.); (M.W.)
| | - Bushra Y. Ahmed
- Institute of Biomedical & Environmental Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Creative Arts, Technologies & Science, University Square, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK; (Z.L.C.); (I.F.)
- Correspondence:
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5
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Pupo G, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Alkali Metal Fluorides and Beyond. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5200-5213. [PMID: 35294171 PMCID: PMC9084554 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Phase-transfer catalysis (PTC) is one of the most powerful catalytic manifolds for asymmetric synthesis. Chiral cationic or anionic PTC strategies have enabled a variety of transformations, yet studies on the use of insoluble inorganic salts as nucleophiles for the synthesis of enantioenriched molecules have remained elusive. A long-standing challenge is the development of methods for asymmetric carbon-fluorine bond formation from readily available and cost-effective alkali metal fluorides. In this Perspective, we describe how H-bond donors can provide a solution through fluoride binding. We use examples, primarily from our own research, to discuss how hydrogen bonding interactions impact fluoride reactivity and the role of H-bond donors as phase-transfer catalysts to bring solid-phase alkali metal fluorides in solution. These studies led to hydrogen bonding phase-transfer catalysis (HB-PTC), a new concept in PTC, originally crafted for alkali metal fluorides but offering opportunities beyond enantioselective fluorination. Looking ahead, the unlimited options that one can consider to diversify the H-bond donor, the inorganic salt, and the electrophile, herald a new era in phase-transfer catalysis. Whether abundant inorganic salts of lattice energy significantly higher than those studied to date could be considered as nucleophiles, e.g., CaF2, remains an open question, with solutions that may be found through synergistic PTC catalysis or beyond PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pupo
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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6
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Kaźmierczak M, Bilska‐Markowska M. Diethylaminosulfur Trifluoride (DAST) Mediated Transformations Leading to Valuable Building Blocks and Bioactive Compounds. European J Org Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Kaźmierczak
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10 61-614 Poznań Poland
| | - Monika Bilska‐Markowska
- Faculty of Chemistry Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8 61-614 Poznań Poland
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7
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Kadriu B, Musazzi L, Johnston JN, Kalynchuk LE, Caruncho HJ, Popoli M, Zarate CA. Positive AMPA receptor modulation in the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders: A long and winding road. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2816-2838. [PMID: 34358693 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glutamatergic transmission is widely implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, and the discovery that ketamine elicits rapid-acting antidepressant effects by modulating α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) signaling has spurred a resurgence of interest in the field. This review explores agents in various stages of development for neuropsychiatric disorders that positively modulate AMPARs, both directly and indirectly. Despite promising preclinical research, few direct and indirect AMPAR positive modulators have progressed past early clinical development. Challenges such as low potency have created barriers to effective implementation. Nevertheless, the functional complexity of AMPARs sets them apart from other drug targets and allows for specificity in drug discovery. Additional effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders that work through positive AMPAR modulation may eventually be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashkim Kadriu
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Laura Musazzi
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Italy
| | - Jenessa N Johnston
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa E Kalynchuk
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Hector J Caruncho
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Etsè KS, Dorosz J, McLain Christensen K, Thomas JY, Botez Pop I, Goffin E, Colson T, Lestage P, Danober L, Pirotte B, Kastrup JS, Francotte P. Development of Thiochroman Dioxide Analogues of Benzothiadiazine Dioxides as New Positive Allosteric Modulators of α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2679-2692. [PMID: 34242002 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis of the activity of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides as positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors, thiochroman 1,1-dioxides were designed applying the isosteric replacement concept. The new compounds expressed strong modulatory activity on AMPA receptors in vitro, although lower than their corresponding benzothiadiazine analogues. The pharmacokinetic profile of three thiochroman 1,1-dioxides (12a, 12b, 12e) was examined in vivo after oral administration, showing that these compounds freely cross the blood-brain barrier. Structural analysis was achieved using X-ray crystallography after cocrystallization of the racemic compound 12b in complex with the ligand-binding domain of GluA2 (L504Y/N775S). Interestingly, both enantiomers of 12b were found to interact with the GluA2 dimer interface, almost identically to its benzothiadiazine analogue, BPAM344 (4). The interactions of the two enantiomers in the cocrystal were further analyzed (mapping Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint) and compared to those of 4. Taken together, these data explain the lower affinity on AMPA receptors of thiochroman 1,1-dioxides compared to their corresponding 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koffi Sénam Etsè
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jerzy Dorosz
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katrine McLain Christensen
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jean-Yves Thomas
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Iuliana Botez Pop
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Goffin
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Colson
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Lestage
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Laurence Danober
- Institut de Recherches Servier, 125 Chemin de Ronde, F-78290 Croissy-sur-Seine, France
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Jette Sandholm Kastrup
- Research Cluster on Molecular Neuroprotection, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pierre Francotte
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) − Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Liège, Avenue Hippocrate 15 (B36), B-4000 Liège, Belgium
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9
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Xi Y, Wang C, Zhang Q, Qu J, Chen Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective 1,2‐Arylfluorination of Internal Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 60:2699-2703. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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10
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Xi Y, Wang C, Zhang Q, Qu J, Chen Y. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regio‐, Diastereo‐, and Enantioselective 1,2‐Arylfluorination of Internal Enamides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202012882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xi
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Jingping Qu
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering East China University of Science & Technology 130 Meilong Road Shanghai 200237 China
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11
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Zhou J, Fang Y, Wang F, Li J. Catalyst-free regioselective hydroxyfluorination and aminofluorination of α,β-unsaturated ketones. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:4470-4474. [PMID: 31017167 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00467j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The catalyst-free direct regioselective α-fluoro-β-hydroxylation and α-fluoro-β-amidation of α,β-unsaturated ketones has been developed. Various α,β-unsaturated ketones react with Selectfluor in water and acetonitrile to give α-fluorohydrins and α-fluoroamides respectively with moderate to good yields. The mechanistic studies revealed the possibility of a radical based pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
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12
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Li BY, Lin Y, Du DM. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Addition of 3-Fluorooxindoles to Dibenzo[ b, f][1,4]oxazepines: Highly Enantioselective Construction of Tetrasubstituted C-F Stereocenters. J Org Chem 2019; 84:11752-11762. [PMID: 31408331 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
3-Fluorooxindoles and the dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepane scaffolds are important pharmacophores that have important application in medicinal chemistry. An organocatalyzed asymmetric Mannich reaction of 3-fluorooxindoles with dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines affording various seven-member cyclic amines containing chiral tetrasubstituted C-F stereocenters was developed. These reactions which were catalyzed by a bifunctional Cinchona alkaloid-derived thiourea catalyst afforded a wide range of substrates in moderate to high yields with excellent diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up to 88% yield, >20:1 dr and >99% ee). A feasible reaction mechanism was also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yu Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Ming Du
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , People's Republic of China
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13
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Foffani G, Trigo‐Damas I, Pineda‐Pardo JA, Blesa J, Rodríguez‐Rojas R, Martínez‐Fernández R, Obeso JA. Focused ultrasound in Parkinson's disease: A twofold path toward disease modification. Mov Disord 2019; 34:1262-1273. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.27805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Foffani
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos Toledo Spain
| | - Inés Trigo‐Damas
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Pineda‐Pardo
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez‐Rojas
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - Raul Martínez‐Fernández
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
| | - José A. Obeso
- CINACHospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Universidad CEU‐San Pablo Madrid Spain
- CIBERNEDInstituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid Spain
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14
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Zheng BQ, Chen LY, Zhao JB, Ji J, Qiu ZB, Ren X, Li Y. Organocatalytic asymmetric syntheses of 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 16:8989-8993. [PMID: 30418465 DOI: 10.1039/c8ob01786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
An organocatalytic Mannich reaction of 3-fluorooxindoles has been developed. Using a commercially available cinchona alkaloid catalyst, a wide range of 3-fluorooxindoles was successfully reacted with N-sulfonyl aldimines to give biologically important 3-fluorooxindoles containing vicinal fluoroamine motifs with high efficiency and good enantioselectivity. This protocol uses readily available reactants and cheap organocatalysts, and it is operationally simple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Quan Zheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, 333 Longteng Road, Shanghai 201620, China.
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15
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Muddapu VR, Mandali A, Chakravarthy VS, Ramaswamy S. A Computational Model of Loss of Dopaminergic Cells in Parkinson's Disease Due to Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:11. [PMID: 30858799 PMCID: PMC6397878 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive and inexorable loss of dopaminergic cells in Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although many mechanisms have been suggested, a decisive root cause of this cell loss is unknown. A couple of the proposed mechanisms, however, show potential for the development of a novel line of PD therapeutics. One of these mechanisms is the peculiar metabolic vulnerability of SNc cells compared to other dopaminergic clusters; the other is the SubThalamic Nucleus (STN)-induced excitotoxicity in SNc. To investigate the latter hypothesis computationally, we developed a spiking neuron network-model of SNc-STN-GPe system. In the model, prolonged stimulation of SNc cells by an overactive STN leads to an increase in ‘stress' variable; when the stress in a SNc neuron exceeds a stress threshold, the neuron dies. The model shows that the interaction between SNc and STN involves a positive-feedback due to which, an initial loss of SNc cells that crosses a threshold causes a runaway-effect, leading to an inexorable loss of SNc cells, strongly resembling the process of neurodegeneration. The model further suggests a link between the two aforementioned mechanisms of SNc cell loss. Our simulation results show that the excitotoxic cause of SNc cell loss might initiate by weak-excitotoxicity mediated by energy deficit, followed by strong-excitotoxicity, mediated by a disinhibited STN. A variety of conventional therapies were simulated to test their efficacy in slowing down SNc cell loss. Among them, glutamate inhibition, dopamine restoration, subthalamotomy and deep brain stimulation showed superior neuroprotective-effects in the proposed model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alekhya Mandali
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, IIT-Madras, Chennai, India
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16
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Kang T, Cao W, Hou L, Tang Q, Zou S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral Zinc(II)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Tandem α‐Alkenyl Addition/Proton Shift Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2464-2468. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Liuzhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Sijia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan University Chengdu 610064 China
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17
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Kang T, Cao W, Hou L, Tang Q, Zou S, Liu X, Feng X. Chiral Zinc(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective Tandem α-Alkenyl Addition/Proton Shift Reaction of Silyl Enol Ethers with Ketimines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Kang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Weidi Cao
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Liuzhen Hou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Qiong Tang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Sijia Zou
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Xiaoming Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology; Ministry of Education; College of Chemistry; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
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18
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Pupo G, Vicini AC, Ascough DMH, Ibba F, Christensen KE, Thompson AL, Brown JM, Paton RS, Gouverneur V. Hydrogen Bonding Phase-Transfer Catalysis with Potassium Fluoride: Enantioselective Synthesis of β-Fluoroamines. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:2878-2883. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b12568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Pupo
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Chiara Vicini
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Ibba
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Amber L. Thompson
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Brown
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Robert S. Paton
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Véronique Gouverneur
- Chemistry Research
Laboratory, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
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19
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Zhong F, Yue WJ, Zhang HJ, Zhang CY, Yin L. Catalytic Asymmetric Construction of Halogenated Stereogenic Carbon Centers by Direct Vinylogous Mannich-Type Reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:15170-15175. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b09484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen-Jun Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hai-Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Liang Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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20
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Radin DP, Johnson S, Purcell R, Lippa AS. Effects of chronic systemic low-impact ampakine treatment on neurotrophin expression in rat brain. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 105:540-544. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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21
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Tamano H, Morioka H, Nishio R, Takeuchi A, Takeda A. AMPA-induced extracellular Zn 2+ influx into nigral dopaminergic neurons causes movement disorder in rats. Neurotoxicology 2018; 69:23-28. [PMID: 30176255 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the findings that the rapid influx of extracellular Zn2+ into nigral dopaminergic neurons causes dopaminergic neurodegeneration, here we report that AMPA causes movement disorder in rats. AMPA markedly increased turning behavior in response to apomorphine 1 and 2 weeks after AMPA injection into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), while AMPA-induced movement disorder was suppressed by co-injection of intracellular Zn2+ chelators, i.e., ZnAF-2DA and TPEN, suggesting that AMPA-induced movement disorder is due to intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation. Furthermore, AMPA markedly induced loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons 2 weeks after AMPA injection into the SNpc, while AMPA-induced neurodegeneration was also suppressed in the SNpc and the striatum by co-injection of ZnAF-2DA and TPEN. AMPA rapidly increased nigral intracellular Zn2+ after AMPA injection into the SNpc and this increase was blocked by co-injection of TPEN. These results indicate that AMPA receptor activation rapidly increases influx of extracellular Zn2+ into nigral dopaminergic neurons and causes nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration, resulting in movement disorder in rats. The evidence that AMPA-induced intracellular Zn2+ dysregulation causes movement disorder via nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration suggests that AMPA receptors, probably Ca2+- and Zn2+-permeable GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors are potential targets for overcoming Parkinson's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Tamano
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Hiroki Morioka
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Ryusuke Nishio
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takeda
- Department of Neurophysiology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan.
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22
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Mo JN, Yu WL, Chen JQ, Hu XQ, Xu PF. Regiospecific Three-Component Aminofluorination of Olefins via Photoredox Catalysis. Org Lett 2018; 20:4471-4474. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b01760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Nan Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Lei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Qin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
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23
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A diastereoselective Mannich reaction of α-fluoroketones with ketimines: Construction of β-fluoroamine motifs with vicinal tetrasubstituted stereocenters. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Luo YH, Feng Y, Zhang XR, Zhang JR, Chen YY, Li Y. N-[(1 R,2 S)-1-(4-Bromophenyl)-2-fluoro-3-(2-methylphenyl)-3-oxopropyl]-4-nitrobenzamide. IUCRDATA 2018. [DOI: 10.1107/s2414314618004595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The title compound, C23H18BrFN2O4, contains two chiral carbon centres and the absolute configuration has been confirmed as (1R,2S). The dihedral angles between the three phenyl rings are 12.4 (4), 34.2 (4) and 44.5 (4)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds into chains, which which are further connected by C—H...O interactions, generating a three dimensional network structure.
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25
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Kunugi A, Tajima Y, Kuno H, Sogabe S, Kimura H. HBT1, a Novel AMPA Receptor Potentiator with Lower Agonistic Effect, Avoided Bell-Shaped Response in In Vitro BDNF Production. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 364:377-389. [PMID: 29298820 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.245050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptor (AMPA-R) potentiators with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-induction potential could be promising as therapeutic drugs for neuropsychiatric and neurologic disorders. However, AMPA-R potentiators such as LY451646 have risks of narrow bell-shaped responses in pharmacological effects, including in vivo BDNF induction. Interestingly, LY451646 and LY451395, other AMPA-R potentiators, showed agonistic effects and exhibited bell-shaped responses in the BDNF production in primary neurons. We hypothesized that the agonistic property is related to the bell-shaped response and endeavored to discover novel AMPA-R potentiators with lower agonistic effects. LY451395 showed an agonistic effect in primary neurons, but not in a cell line expressing AMPA-Rs, in Ca2+ influx assays; thus, we used a Ca2+ influx assay in primary neurons and, from a chemical library, discovered two AMPA-R potentiators with lower agonistic effects: 2-(((5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetyl)amino)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide (HBT1) and (3S)-1-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-N-((1R)-2-(dimethylamino)-1-phenylethyl)-3-isobutyl-2-oxopyrrolidine-3-carboxamide (OXP1). In a patch-clamp study using primary neurons, HBT1 showed little agonistic effect, whereas both LY451395 and OXP1 showed remarkable agonistic effects. HBT1, but not OXP1, did not show remarkable bell-shaped response in BDNF production in primary neurons. HBT1 bound to the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of AMPA-R in a glutamate-dependent manner. The mode of HBT1 and LY451395 binding to a pocket in the LBD of AMPA-R differed: HBT1, but not LY451395, formed hydrogen bonds with S518 in the LBD. OXP1 may bind to a cryptic binding pocket on AMPA-R. Lower agonistic profile of HBT1 may associate with its lower risks of bell-shaped responses in BDNF production in primary neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyoshi Kunugi
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasukazu Tajima
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kuno
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sogabe
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Haruhide Kimura
- Research, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
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26
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Calabrese F, Savino E, Mocaer E, Bretin S, Racagni G, Riva MA. Upregulation of neurotrophins by S 47445, a novel positive allosteric modulator of AMPA receptors in aged rats. Pharmacol Res 2017; 121:59-69. [PMID: 28442348 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
At molecular levels, it has been shown that aging is associated with alterations in neuroplastic mechanisms. In this study, it was examined if the altered expression of neurotrophins observed in aged rats could be corrected by a chronic treatment with S 47445 (1-3-10mg/kg, p.o.), a novel selective positive allosteric modulator of the AMPA receptors. Both the mRNA and the protein levels of the neurotrophins Bdnf, NT-3 and Ngf were specifically measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus (ventral and dorsal) of aged rats. It was found that 2-week-treatment with S 47445 corrected the age-related deficits of these neurotrophins and/or positively modulated their expression in comparison to vehicle aged rats in the range of procognitive and antidepressant active doses in rodents. Collectively, the ability of S 47445 to modulate various neurotrophins demonstrated its neurotrophic properties in two major brain structures involved in cognition and mood regulation suggesting its therapeutic potential for improving several diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and/or Major Depressive Disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Savino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabeth Mocaer
- Neuropsychiatric Innovation Therapeutic Pole, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Sylvie Bretin
- Neuropsychiatric Innovation Therapeutic Pole, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Giorgio Racagni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco A Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
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27
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28
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Lee K, Goodman L, Fourie C, Schenk S, Leitch B, Montgomery JM. AMPA Receptors as Therapeutic Targets for Neurological Disorders. ION CHANNELS AS THERAPEUTIC TARGETS, PART A 2016; 103:203-61. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Trost BM, Saget T, Lerchen A, Hung CIJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Ketones: Efficient Access to Chiral β-Fluoroamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 55:781-4. [PMID: 26609784 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Reported herein is a Zn/Prophenol-catalyzed Mannich reaction using fluorinated aromatic ketones as nucleophilic partners for the direct enantio- and diastereoselective construction of β-fluoroamine motifs featuring a fluorinated tetrasubstituted carbon. The reaction can be run on a gram scale with a low catalyst loading without impacting its efficiency. Moreover, a related aldol reaction was also developed. Together, these reactions provide a new approach for the preparation of pharmaceutically relevant products possessing tetrasubstituted C-F centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry M Trost
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA).
| | - Tanguy Saget
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA)
| | - Andreas Lerchen
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA)
| | - Chao-I Joey Hung
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5080 (USA)
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30
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Trost BM, Saget T, Lerchen A, Hung CIJ. Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions with Fluorinated Aromatic Ketones: Efficient Access to Chiral β-Fluoroamines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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31
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Pinacolatoboron fluoride (pinBF) is an efficient fluoride transfer agent for diastereoselective synthesis of benzylic fluorides. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.12.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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32
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Chen P, Liu G. Advancements in Aminofluorination of Alkenes and Alkynes: Convenient Access to β-Fluoroamines. European J Org Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201500231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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33
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Tian M, Zeng Y, Hu Y, Yuan X, Liu S, Li J, Lu P, Sun Y, Gao L, Fu D, Li Y, Wang S, McClintock SM. 7, 8-Dihydroxyflavone induces synapse expression of AMPA GluA1 and ameliorates cognitive and spine abnormalities in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Neuropharmacology 2015; 89:43-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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34
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Pritt ML, Hall DG, Jordan WH, Ballard DW, Wang KKW, Müller UR, Watson DE. Initial biological qualification of SBDP-145 as a biomarker of compound-induced neurodegeneration in the rat. Toxicol Sci 2014; 141:398-408. [PMID: 25015659 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfu136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of compound-related neurodegeneration is currently limited to brain histopathology in veterinary species and functional measurements such as electroencephalography and observation of clinical signs in patients. The objective of these studies was to investigate whether concentrations of spectrin breakdown product 145 (SBDP-145) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) correlate with the severity of neurodegeneration in rats administered neurotoxic agents, as part of a longer term objective of developing in vivo biomarkers of neurotoxicity for use in non-clinical and clinical safety studies. Non-erythroid alpha-II spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein cleaved by the protease calpain when this enzyme is activated by dysregulation of calcium in injured cells. Calcium dysregulation is also associated with some toxicological responses in animals, and may be sufficient to activate neuronal calpain and produce SBDPs that can be released into CSF. Neurotoxicants (kainic acid, 2-chloropropionic acid, bromethalin, and pentylenetetrazole) known to affect different portions of the brain were administered to rats in dose-response and time-course studies in which neurodegeneration was measured by histopathology and SBDP-145 concentrations in CSF were measured by ELISA. We consistently observed >3-fold increases in SBDP-145 concentration in rats with minimal to slight neurodegenerative lesions, and 20 to 150-fold increases in animals with more severe lesions. In contrast, compounds that caused non-degenerative changes in central nervous system (CNS) did not increase SBDP-145 in CSF. These data support expanded use of SBDP-145 as a biomarker for monitoring compound-induced neurodegeneration in pre-clinical studies, and support the investigation of clinical applications of this biomarker to promote safe dosing of patients with compounds that have potential to cause neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Pritt
- Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - D Greg Hall
- Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | | | - Darryl W Ballard
- Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Center for Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | | | - David E Watson
- Toxicology and Drug Disposition, Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285
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35
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Finlay C, Duty S. Therapeutic potential of targeting glutamate receptors in Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2014; 121:861-80. [PMID: 24557498 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-014-1176-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glutamate plays a complex role in many aspects of Parkinson's disease including the loss of dopaminergic neurons, the classical motor symptoms as well as associated non-motor symptoms and the treatment-related side effect, L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia. This widespread involvement opens up possibilities for glutamate-based therapies to provide a more rounded approach to treatment than is afforded by current dopamine replacement therapies. Beneficial effects of blocking postsynaptic glutamate transmission have already been noted in a range of preclinical studies using antagonists of NMDA receptors or negative allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5), while positive allosteric modulators of mGlu4 in particular, although at an earlier stage of investigation, also look promising. This review addresses each of the key features of Parkinson's disease in turn, summarising the contribution glutamate makes to that feature and presenting an up-to-date account of the potential for drugs acting at ionotropic or metabotropic glutamate receptors to provide relief. Whilst only a handful of these have progressed to clinical trials to date, notably NMDA and NR2B antagonists against motor symptoms and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, with mGlu5 negative allosteric modulators also against L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, the mainly positive outcomes of these trials, coupled with supportive preclinical data for other strategies in animal models of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia, raise cautious optimism that a glutamate-based therapeutic approach will have significant impact on the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Finlay
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, WW1.28. Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK
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Galuppo M, Iori R, De Nicola GR, Bramanti P, Mazzon E. Anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of (RS)-glucoraphanin bioactivated with myrosinase in murine sub-acute and acute MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5532-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ninan I. Synaptic regulation of affective behaviors; role of BDNF. Neuropharmacology 2013; 76 Pt C:684-95. [PMID: 23747574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin essential for nervous system development and synaptic plasticity, has been found to have a significant influence on affective behaviors. The notion that an impairment in BDNF signaling might be involved in affective disorders is originated primarily from the opposing effects of antidepressants and stress on BDNF signaling. Antidepressants enhance BDNF signaling and synaptic plasticity. On the other hand, negative environmental factors such as severe stress suppress BDNF signaling, impair synaptic activity and increase susceptibility to affective disorders. Postmortem studies provided strong support for decreased BDNF signaling in depressive disorders. Remarkably, studies in humans with a single nucleotide polymorphism in the BDNF gene, the BDNF Val66Met which affects regulated release of BDNF, showed profound deficits in hippocampal and prefrontal cortical (PFC) plasticity and cognitive behaviors. BDNF regulates synaptic mechanisms responsible for various cognitive processes including attenuation of aversive memories, a key process in the regulation of affective behaviors. The unique role of BDNF in cognitive and affective behaviors suggests that cognitive deficits due to altered BDNF signaling might underlie affective disorders. Understanding how BDNF modulates synapses in neural circuits relevant to affective behaviors, particularly the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC)-hippocampus-amygdala pathway, and its interaction with development, sex, and environmental risk factors might shed light on potential therapeutic targets for affective disorders. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'BDNF Regulation of Synaptic Structure, Function, and Plasticity'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipe Ninan
- Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, SKI 5-3, 540 1st Ave, NY 10016, United States.
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Targeting glutamate receptors to tackle the pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and levodopa-induced dyskinesia associated with Parkinson's disease. CNS Drugs 2012; 26:1017-32. [PMID: 23114872 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-012-0016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The appearance of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) and ongoing degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons are two key features of Parkinson's disease (PD) that current treatments fail to address. Increased glutamate transmission contributes to the motor symptoms in PD, to the striatal plasticity that underpins LID and to the progression of neurodegeneration through excitotoxic mechanisms. Glutamate receptors have therefore long been considered as potential targets for pharmacological intervention in PD, with emphasis on either blocking activation of 2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl)propanoic acid (AMPA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or excitatory metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) 5 receptors or promoting the activation of group II/III mGlu receptors. Following a brief summary of the role of glutamate in PD and LID, this article explores the current status of pharmacological studies in pre-clinical rodent and primate models through to clinical trials, where applicable, that support the potential of glutamate-based therapeutic interventions. To date, AMPA antagonists have shown good efficacy against LID in rat and primate models, but the failure of perampanel to lessen LID in clinical trials casts doubt on the translational potential of this approach. In contrast, antagonists selective for NR2B-containing NMDA receptors were effective against LID in animal models and in small-scale clinical trials, though observed adverse cognitive effects need addressing. So far, mGlu5 antagonists or negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) look set to become the first introduced for tackling LID, with AFQ-056 reported to exhibit good efficacy in phase II clinical trials. NR2B antagonists and mGlu5 NAMs may subsequently prove to also be effective disease-modifying agents if their protective effects in rat and primate models of PD, respectively, are replicated in the next stages of investigation. Finally, group III mGlu4 agonists or positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), although in the early pre-clinical stages of investigation, are showing good efficacy against motor symptoms, neurodegeneration and LID. It is anticipated that the recent development of mGlu4 PAMs with improved systemic bioavailability will facilitate progression of these agents into the primate model of PD where their potential can be further explored.
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Cognitive enhancing effects of an AMPA receptor positive modulator on place learning in mice. Behav Brain Res 2012; 226:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Benzobistriazinones and related heterocyclic ring systems as potent, orally bioavailable positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:7455-9. [PMID: 22056742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.09.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 09/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an important therapeutic target in the CNS. A series of substituted benzobistriazinone, benzobispyrimidinone and related derivatives have been prepared with high potency and selectivity for the allosteric binding site of AMPARs. Further improvements have been made to previously reported series of positive AMPAR modulators and these compounds exhibit excellent in vivo activity and improved in vivo metabolic stability with up to 100% oral bioavailability in rat.
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Abstract
The repeated use of drugs that directly or indirectly stimulate dopamine transmission carry addiction liability and produce enduring pathological changes in the brain circuitry that normally regulates adaptive behavioral responding to a changing environment. This circuitry is rich in glutamatergic projections, and addiction-related behaviors in animal models have been linked to impairments in excitatory synaptic plasticity. Among the best-characterized glutamatergic projection in this circuit is the prefrontal efferent to the nucleus accumbens. A variety of molecular adaptations have been identified in the prefrontal glutamate synapses in the accumbens, many of which are induced by different classes of addictive drugs. Based largely on work with cocaine, we hypothesize that the drug-induced adaptations impair synaptic plasticity in the cortico-accumbens projection, and thereby dysregulate the ability of addicts to control their drug-taking habits. Accordingly, we go on to describe the literature implicating the drug-induced changes in protein content or function that impinge upon synaptic plasticity and have been targeted in preclinical models of relapse and, in some cases, in pilot clinical trials. Based upon modeling drug-induced impairments in neuroplasticity in the cortico-accumbens pathway, we argue for a concerted effort to clinically evaluate the hypothesis that targeting glial and neuronal proteins regulating excitatory synaptic plasticity may prove beneficial in treating addiction.
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Drago A, Crisafulli C, Sidoti A, Serretti A. The molecular interaction between the glutamatergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems informs a detailed genetic perspective on depressive phenotypes. Prog Neurobiol 2011; 94:418-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Revised: 05/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Mueller R, Rachwal S, Lee S, Zhong S, Li YX, Haroldsen P, Herbst T, Tanimura S, Varney M, Johnson S, Rogers G, Street LJ. Benzotriazinone and benzopyrimidinone derivatives as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:6170-5. [PMID: 21889339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) have been demonstrated to be an important therapeutic CNS target. A series of substituted benzotriazinone and benzopyrimidinone derivatives were prepared with the aim to improve in vivo activity over the previously reported bis-benzoxazinone based AMPAKINE series from our laboratory. These compounds were shown to be potent, positive allosteric AMPAR modulators that have better in vivo activity and improved metabolic stability over the analogous benzoxazinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mueller
- Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 15231 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
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Activation of ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt by IGF-1 on GAP-43 expression in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate in vitro. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 32:191-200. [PMID: 21822733 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor and plays an important role in promoting axonal growth from dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Whether IGF-1 influences growth-associated protein 43 (GAP-43) expression and activates the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK1/2) and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathways in DRG neurons with excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu) remains unknown. In this study, embryonic 15-day-old rat DRG explants were cultured for 48 h and then exposed to IGF-1, Glu, Glu + IGF-1, Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059, Glu + IGF-1 + LY294002, Glu + IGF-1 + PD98059 + LY294002 for additional 12 h. The DRG explants were continuously exposed to growth media as control. The levels of GAP-43 mRNA were detected by real time-PCR analysis. The protein levels of GAP-43, phosphorylated ERK1/2, phosphorylated Akt, total ERK1/2, and total Akt were detected by Western blot assay. GAP-43 expression in situ was determined by immunofluorescent labeling. Apoptotic cell death was monitored by Hoechst 33342 staining. IGF-1 alone increased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels in the absence of Glu. The decreased GAP-43 and its mRNA levels caused by Glu could be partially reversed by the presence of IGF-1. IGF-1 rescued neuronal cell death caused by Glu. Neither the ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 nor the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked the effect of IGF-1, but both inhibitors together were effective. To validate the impact of GAP-43 expression by IGF-1, GAP-43 induction was blocked by administration of dexamethasone (DEX). IGF-1 partially rescued the decrease of GAP-43 and its mRNA levels induced by DEX. DEX induced an increase of cell apoptosis. IGF-1 may play an important role in neuroprotective effects on DRG neurons through regulating GAP-43 expression with excitotoxicity induced by Glu and the process was involved in both ERK1/2 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Neuregulin-1β Prevents Ca2+ Overloading and Apoptosis Through PI3K/Akt Activation in Cultured Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons with Excitotoxicity Induced by Glutamate. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011; 31:1195-201. [DOI: 10.1007/s10571-011-9721-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Substituted benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: part II. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3927-30. [PMID: 21636273 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an important therapeutic target in the CNS. A series of substituted benzoxazinone derivatives with good to very good in vitro activity as positive allosteric AMPAR modulators was synthesized and evaluated. The appropriate substituent choice on the benzoxazinone fragment improved the affinity towards the AMPA receptor significantly in comparison to our lead molecule CX614.
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Mueller R, Li YX, Hampson A, Zhong S, Harris C, Marrs C, Rachwal S, Ulas J, Nielsson L, Rogers G. Benzoxazinones as potent positive allosteric AMPA receptor modulators: part I. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:3923-6. [PMID: 21636275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AMPA receptors (AMPARs) are an increasingly important therapeutic target in the CNS. Aniracetam, the first identified potentiator of AMPARs, led to the rigid and more potent CX614. This lead molecule was optimized in order to increase affinity towards the AMPA receptor. The substitution of the dioxine with a benzoxazinone ring system increased the activity and allowed further investigation of the sidechain SAR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudolf Mueller
- Cortex Pharmaceuticals Inc., 15231 Barranca Parkway, Irvine, CA 92618, USA.
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Bernard K, Danober L, Thomas JY, Lebrun C, Muñoz C, Cordi A, Desos P, Lestage P, Morain P. DRUG FOCUS: S 18986: A positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors pharmacological profile of a novel cognitive enhancer. CNS Neurosci Ther 2011; 16:e193-212. [PMID: 21050420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate receptors are critical for synaptic plasticity and induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), considered as one of the synaptic mechanisms underlying learning and memory. Positive allosteric modulators of AMPA receptors could provide a therapeutic approach to the treatment of cognitive disorders resulting from aging and/or neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD). Several AMPA potentiators have been described in the last decade, but for the moment their clinical efficacy has not been demonstrated due to the complexity of the target, AMPA receptors, and the difficulty in studying cognition in animals and humans. A better understanding of the mechanism of action of this type of drug remains an important issue, if knowledge of these compounds is to be increased and if this novel therapeutic approach is to be an interesting research area. Among the AMPA potentiators, S 18986 is emerging as a new selective positive allosteric modulator of AMPA-type glutamate receptors. S 18986, as with other positive AMPA receptor modulators, increased induction and maintenance of LTP in the hippocampus as well as the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) both in vitro and in vivo. Its cognitive-enhancing properties have been demonstrated in various behavioral models (procedural, spatial, "episodic," working, and relational/declarative memory) in young-adult and aged rodents. It is interesting to note that memory-enhancing effects appeared more robust in middle-aged animals compared with aged ones and in "episodic" and spatial memory tasks. From these results, S 18986 is expected to treat memory deficits associated with early cerebral aging and neurological diseases in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Bernard
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Courbevoie, France.
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Duthion B, Gomez Pardo D, Cossy J. Enantioselective synthesis of β-fluoroamines from β-amino alcohols: application to the synthesis of LY503430. Org Lett 2011; 12:4620-3. [PMID: 20849096 DOI: 10.1021/ol1019579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dialkyl-β-amino alcohols were enantiospecifically and regioselectively rearranged by using N,N-diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST) to give optically active β-fluoroamines in excellent yields and enantiomeric excesses. This rearrangement was applied to the enantioselective synthesis of LY503430, a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béranger Duthion
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, ESPCI ParisTech, CNRS, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Austin PJ, Betts MJ, Broadstock M, O'Neill MJ, Mitchell SN, Duty S. Symptomatic and neuroprotective effects following activation of nigral group III metabotropic glutamate receptors in rodent models of Parkinson's disease. Br J Pharmacol 2010; 160:1741-53. [PMID: 20649576 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.00820.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Increased glutamatergic innervation of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr) and pars compacta (SNpc) may contribute to the motor deficits and neurodegeneration, respectively, in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aimed to establish whether activation of pre-synaptic group III metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors reduced glutamate release in the SN, and provided symptomatic or neuroprotective relief in animal models of PD. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Broad-spectrum group III mGlu receptor agonists, O-phospho-l-serine (l-SOP) and l-2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate (l-AP4), were assessed for their ability to inhibit KCl-evoked [(3)H]-d-aspartate release in rat nigral prisms or inhibit KCl-evoked endogenous glutamate release in the SNpr in vivo using microdialysis. Reversal of akinesia in reserpine-treated rats was assessed following intranigral injection of l-SOP and l-AP4. Finally, the neuroprotective effect of 7 days' supra-nigral treatment with l-AP4 was examined in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned rats. KEY RESULTS l-SOP and l-AP4 inhibited [(3)H]-d-aspartate release by 33 and 44% respectively. These effects were blocked by the selective group III mGlu antagonist (RS)-alpha-cyclopropyl-4-phosphonophenylglycine (CPPG). l-SOP also reduced glutamate release in the SNpr in vivo by 48%. Injection of l-SOP and l-AP4 into the SNpr reversed reserpine-induced akinesia. Following administration above the SNpc, l-AP4 provided neurochemical, histological and functional protection against 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal tract. Pretreatment with CPPG inhibited these effects. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings highlight group III mGlu receptors in the SN as potential targets for providing both symptomatic and neuroprotective relief in PD, and indicate that inhibition of glutamate release in the SN may underlie these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Austin
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Anderson Stuart Building, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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