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Elsabbagh S, Landau M, Gross H, Schultz A, Schultz JE. Heme b inhibits class III adenylyl cyclases. Cell Signal 2023; 103:110568. [PMID: 36565898 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Acidic lipid extracts from mouse liver, kidney, heart, brain, and lung inhibited human pseudoheterodimeric adenylyl cyclases (hACs) expressed in HEK293 cells. Using an acidic lipid extract from bovine lung, a combined MS- and bioassay-guided fractionation identified heme b as inhibitor of membrane-bound ACs. IC50 concentrations were 8-12 μM for the hAC isoforms. Hemopexin and bacterial hemophore attenuated heme b inhibition of hAC5. Structurally related compounds, such as hematin, protoporphyrin IX, and biliverdin, were significantly less effective. Monomeric bacterial class III ACs (mycobacterial ACs Rv1625c; Rv3645; Rv1264; cyanobacterial AC CyaG) were inhibited by heme b with similar efficiency. Surprisingly, structurally related chlorophyll a similarly inhibited hAC5. Heme b inhibited isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation in HEK293 cells. Using cortical membranes from mouse brain hemin efficiently and reversibly inhibited basal and Gsα-stimulated AC activity. The physiological relevance of heme b inhibition of the cAMP generating system in certain pathologies is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Elsabbagh
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Landau
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Harald Gross
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anita Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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2
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Seth A, Landau M, Shevchenko A, Traikov S, Schultz A, Elsabbagh S, Schultz JE. Distinct glycerophospholipids potentiate Gsα-activated adenylyl cyclase activity. Cell Signal 2022; 97:110396. [PMID: 35787445 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Nine mammalian adenylyl cyclases (AC) are pseudoheterodimers with two hexahelical membrane domains, which are isoform-specifically conserved. Previously we proposed that these membrane domains are orphan receptors (https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.13098; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109538). Lipids extracted from fetal bovine serum at pH 1 inhibited several mAC activities. Guided by a lipidomic analysis we tested glycerophospholipids as potential ligands. Contrary to expectations we surprisingly discovered that 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidic acid (SDPA) potentiated Gsα-activated activity of human AC isoform 3 seven-fold. The specificity of fatty acyl esters at glycerol positions 1 and 2 was rather stringent. 1-Stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylserine and 1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine significantly potentiated several Gsα-activated mAC isoforms to different extents. SDPA appears not interact with forskolin activation of AC isoform 3. SDPA enhanced Gsα-activated AC activities in membranes from mouse brain cortex. The action of SDPA was reversible. Unexpectedly, SDPA did not affect cAMP generation in HEK293 cells stimulated by isoproterenol, PGE2 and adenosine, virtually excluding a role as an extracellular ligand and, instead, suggesting an intracellular role. In summary, we discovered a new dimension of intracellular AC regulation by chemically defined glycerophospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Seth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marius Landau
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Dresden, Germany
| | - Sofia Traikov
- Max-Planck-Institut für molekulare Zellbiologie und Genetik, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anita Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sherif Elsabbagh
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Joachim E Schultz
- Pharmazeutisches Institut der Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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3
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Preferential Expression of Ca2+-Stimulable Adenylyl Cyclase III in the Supraventricular Area, Including Arrhythmogenic Pulmonary Vein of the Rat Heart. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050724. [PMID: 35625651 PMCID: PMC9138642 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ectopic excitability in pulmonary veins (PVs) is the major cause of atrial fibrillation. We previously reported that the inositol trisphosphate receptor in rat PV cardiomyocytes cooperates with the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger to provoke ectopic automaticity in response to norepinephrine. Here, we focused on adenylyl cyclase (AC) as another effector of norepinephrine stimulation. RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting revealed that the abundant expression of Ca2+-stimulable AC3 was restricted to the supraventricular area, including the PVs. All the other AC isotypes hardly displayed any region-specific expressions. Immunostaining of isolated cardiomyocytes showed an enriched expression of AC3 along the t-tubules in PV myocytes. The cAMP-dependent response of L-type Ca2+ currents in the PV and LA cells is strengthened by the 0.1 mM intracellular Ca2+ condition, unlike in the ventricular cells. The norepinephrine-induced automaticity of PV cardiomyocytes was reversibly suppressed by 100 µM SQ22536, an adenine-like AC inhibitor. These findings suggest that the specific expression of AC3 along t-tubules may contribute to arrhythmogenic automaticity in rat PV cardiomyocytes.
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Ostrom KF, LaVigne JE, Brust TF, Seifert R, Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS. Physiological Roles of Mammalian Transmembrane Adenylyl Cyclase Isoforms. Physiol Rev 2021; 102:815-857. [PMID: 34698552 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00013.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) catalyze the conversion of ATP to the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP. Mammals possess nine isoforms of transmembrane ACs, dubbed AC1-9, that serve as major effector enzymes of G protein-coupled receptors. The transmembrane ACs display varying expression patterns across tissues, giving potential for them having a wide array of physiologic roles. Cells express multiple AC isoforms, implying that ACs have redundant functions. Furthermore, all transmembrane ACs are activated by Gαs so it was long assumed that all ACs are activated by Gαs-coupled GPCRs. AC isoforms partition to different microdomains of the plasma membrane and form prearranged signaling complexes with specific GPCRs that contribute to cAMP signaling compartments. This compartmentation allows for a diversity of cellular and physiological responses by enabling unique signaling events to be triggered by different pools of cAMP. Isoform specific pharmacological activators or inhibitors are lacking for most ACs, making knockdown and overexpression the primary tools for examining the physiological roles of a given isoform. Much progress has been made in understanding the physiological effects mediated through individual transmembrane ACs. GPCR-AC-cAMP signaling pathways play significant roles in regulating functions of every cell and tissue, so understanding each AC isoform's role holds potential for uncovering new approaches for treating a vast array of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina F Ostrom
- W. M. Keck Science Department, Claremont McKenna College, Claremont, CA, United States
| | - Justin E LaVigne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Tarsis F Brust
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palm Beach Atlantic University, West Palm Beach, FL, United States
| | - Roland Seifert
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States.,Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, CA, United States
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Cross-Talk Between the Adenylyl Cyclase/cAMP Pathway and Ca 2+ Homeostasis. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 179:73-116. [PMID: 33398503 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP and Ca2+ are the first second or intracellular messengers identified, unveiling the cellular mechanisms activated by a plethora of extracellular signals, including hormones. Cyclic AMP generation is catalyzed by adenylyl cyclases (ACs), which convert ATP into cAMP and pyrophosphate. By the way, Ca2+, as energy, can neither be created nor be destroyed; Ca2+ can only be transported, from one compartment to another, or chelated by a variety of Ca2+-binding molecules. The fine regulation of cytosolic concentrations of cAMP and free Ca2+ is crucial in cell function and there is an intimate cross-talk between both messengers to fine-tune the cellular responses. Cancer is a multifactorial disease resulting from a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Frequent cases of cAMP and/or Ca2+ homeostasis remodeling have been described in cancer cells. In those tumoral cells, cAMP and Ca2+ signaling plays a crucial role in the development of hallmarks of cancer, including enhanced proliferation and migration, invasion, apoptosis resistance, or angiogenesis. This review summarizes the cross-talk between the ACs/cAMP and Ca2+ intracellular pathways with special attention to the functional and reciprocal regulation between Orai1 and AC8 in normal and cancer cells.
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Jia S, Li L, Xie L, Zhang W, Zhu T, Qian B. Transcriptome Based Estrogen Related Genes Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Genet 2021; 12:666396. [PMID: 33936178 PMCID: PMC8081391 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality, and has become a global public health problem. The incidence of lung cancer in men has declined in some countries and regions, while the incidence of lung cancer in women has been slowly increasing. Therefore, the aim is to explore whether estrogen-related genes are associated with the incidence and prognosis of lung cancer. Methods We obtained all estrogen receptor genes and estrogen signaling pathway genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and then compared the expression of each gene in tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) separately. Survival analysis was performed of the differentially expressed genes in LUAD and LUSC patients separately. The diagnostic and prognostic values of the candidate genes were validated in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. Results We found 5 estrogen receptor genes and 66 estrogen pathway genes in TCGA. A total of 50 genes were differently expressed between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues and 6 of the 50 genes were related to the prognosis of LUAD in TCGA. 56 genes were differently expressed between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues and none of the 56 genes was related to the prognosis of LUSC in TCGA. GEO datasets validated that the 6 genes (SHC1, FKBP4, NRAS, PRKCD, KRAS, ADCY9) had different expression between tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues in LUAD, and 3 genes (FKBP4, KRAS, ADCY9) were related to the prognosis of LUAD. Conclusions The expressions of FKBP4 and ADCY9 are related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of LUAD. FKBP4 and ADCY9 may serve as biomarkers in LUAD screening and prognosis prediction in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinong Jia
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xie
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weituo Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tengteng Zhu
- Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital and Faculty of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Clinical Research Promotion and Development Center, Shanghai Hospital Development Center, Shanghai, China
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Milan T, Celton M, Lagacé K, Roques É, Safa-Tahar-Henni S, Bresson E, Bergeron A, Hebert J, Meshinchi S, Cellot S, Barabé F, Wilhelm BT. Epigenetic changes in human model KMT2A leukemias highlight early events during leukemogenesis. Haematologica 2020; 107:86-99. [PMID: 33375773 PMCID: PMC8719083 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2020.271619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations involving the KMT2A gene are among the most common genetic alterations found in pediatric acute myeloid leukemias although the molecular mechanisms that initiate the disease remain incompletely defined. To elucidate these initiating events we used a human model system of acute myeloid leukemia driven by the KMT2A-MLLT3 (KM3) fusion. More specifically, we investigated changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and chromatin accessibility at each stage of our model system and correlated these with expression changes. We observed the development of a pronounced hypomethyl - ation phenotype in the early stages of leukemic transformation after KM3 addition along with loss of expression of stem-cell-associated genes and skewed expression of other genes, such as S100A8/9, implicated in leukemogenesis. In addition, early increases in the expression of the lysine demethylase KDM4B was functionally linked to these expression changes as well as other key transcription factors. Remarkably, our ATAC-sequencing data showed that there were relatively few leukemia-specific changes and that the vast majority corresponded to open chromatin regions and transcription factor clusters previously observed in other cell types. Integration of the gene expression and epigenetic changes revealed that the adenylate cyclase gene ADCY9 is an essential gene in KM3-acute myeloid leukemia, and suggested the potential for autocrine signaling through the chemokine receptor CCR1 and CCL23 ligand. Collectively, our results suggest that KM3 induces subtle changes in the epigenome while co-opting the normal transcriptional machinery to drive leukemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Milan
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Magalie Celton
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Karine Lagacé
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Élodie Roques
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Safia Safa-Tahar-Henni
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC
| | - Eva Bresson
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Anne Bergeron
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Josée Hebert
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Leukemia Cell Bank of Quebec, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sonia Cellot
- Department of pediatrics, division of Hematology, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montréal, QC
| | - Frédéric Barabé
- Centre de recherche en infectiologie du CHUL, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec City, QC, Canada; CHU de Québec - Université Laval - Hôpital Enfant-Jésus; Québec City, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC
| | - Brian T Wilhelm
- Laboratory for High Throughput Biology, Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC.
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8
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Su X, Li G, Deng Y, Chang D. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors in precision medicine. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:733-740. [PMID: 32941836 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease development, posing serious risks to human health. Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is responsible for exchange of neutral lipids, such as cholesteryl ester and TG, between plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and Apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) containing lipoprotein particles. Genetic studies suggest that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) with loss of activity CETP is associated with increased HDL-C, reduced LDL-C, and cardiovascular risk. In animal studies, mostly in rabbits, which have similar CETP activity to humans, inhibition of CETP through antisense oligonucleotides reduced aortic arch atherosclerosis. Concerning this notion, inhibiting the CETP is considered as a promise approach to reduce cardiovascular events, and several CETP inhibitors have been recently studied as a cholesterol modifying agent to reduce cardiovascular mortality in high risk cardiovascular disease patients. However, in Phase III cardiovascular outcome trials, three CETP inhibitors, named Torcetrapib, Dalcetrapib, and Evacetrapib, did not provide expected cardiovascular benefits and failed to improve outcomes of patient with cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although REVEAL trail has recently shown that Anacetrapib could reduce major coronary events, it was also shown to induce excessive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue; thereby, the further regulatory approval will not be sought. On the other hand, growing evidence indicated that the function of CETP inhibitors on modulating the cardiovascular events are determined by correlated single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the ADCY9 gene. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby CETP inhibitors interact with the genotype are not yet elucidated, which could potentially be related to the genotype-dependent cholesterol efflux capacity of HDL particles. In the present review, we summarize the current understanding of the functions of CETP and the outcomes of the phase III randomized controlled trials of CETP inhibitors. In addition, we also put forward the implications from results of the trials which potentially suggest that the CETP inhibitors could be a promising precise therapeutic medicine for CVD based on genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Su
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
| | - Guiyang Li
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Yingjian Deng
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Chang
- Department of Cardiology, the Xiamen Cardiovascular Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.
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Simard M, Morin S, Rioux G, Séguin R, Loing E, Pouliot R. A Tissue-Engineered Human Psoriatic Skin Model to Investigate the Implication of cAMP in Psoriasis: Differential Impacts of Cholera Toxin and Isoproterenol on cAMP Levels of the Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155215. [PMID: 32717879 PMCID: PMC7432929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological and healthy skin models were reconstructed using similar culture conditions according to well-known tissue engineering protocols. For both models, cyclic nucleotide enhancers were used as additives to promote keratinocytes’ proliferation. Cholera toxin (CT) and isoproterenol (ISO), a beta-adrenergic agonist, are the most common cAMP stimulators recommended for cell culture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of either CT or ISO on the pathological characteristics of the dermatosis while producing a psoriatic skin model. Healthy and psoriatic skin substitutes were produced according to the self-assembly method of tissue engineering, using culture media supplemented with either CT (10−10 M) or ISO (10−6 M). Psoriatic substitutes produced with CT exhibited a more pronounced psoriatic phenotype than those produced with ISO. Indeed, the psoriatic substitutes produced with CT had the thickest epidermis, as well as contained the most proliferating cells and the most altered expression of involucrin, filaggrin, and keratin 10. Of the four conditions under study, psoriatic substitutes produced with CT had the highest levels of cAMP and enhanced expression of adenylate cyclase 9. Taken together, these results suggest that high levels of cAMP are linked to a stronger psoriatic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geneviève Rioux
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rachelle Séguin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Estelle Loing
- IFF-Lucas Meyer Cosmetics, Québec, QC G1V 4M6, Canada;
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1J 1Z4, Canada; (M.S.); (S.M.); (G.R.); (R.S.)
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-418-525-4444 (ext. 61706); Fax: +1-418-990-8248
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10
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Abstract
Kv7 channels (Kv7.1-7.5) are voltage-gated K+ channels that can be modulated by five β-subunits (KCNE1-5). Kv7.1-KCNE1 channels produce the slow-delayed rectifying K+ current, IKs, which is important during the repolarization phase of the cardiac action potential. Kv7.2-7.5 are predominantly neuronally expressed and constitute the muscarinic M-current and control the resting membrane potential in neurons. Kv7.1 produces drastically different currents as a result of modulation by KCNE subunits. This flexibility allows the Kv7.1 channel to have many roles depending on location and assembly partners. The pharmacological sensitivity of Kv7.1 channels differs from that of Kv7.2-7.5 and is largely dependent upon the number of β-subunits present in the channel complex. As a result, the development of pharmaceuticals targeting Kv7.1 is problematic. This review discusses the roles and the mechanisms by which different signaling pathways affect Kv7.1 and KCNE channels and could potentially provide different ways of targeting the channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Jodene Eldstrom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada;
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Wu Y, Xia Y, Li P, Qu HQ, Liu Y, Yang Y, Lin J, Zheng M, Tian L, Wu Z, Huang S, Qin X, Zhou X, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Li X, Zeng H, Hakonarson H, Zhuang J. Role of the ADCY9 gene in cardiac abnormalities of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020; 15:101. [PMID: 32321550 PMCID: PMC7178576 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-020-01378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RTS) is a rare, congenital, plurimalformative, and neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous studies have reported that large deletions contribute to more severe RTS phenotypes than those caused by CREBBP point mutations, suggesting a concurrent pathogenetic role of flanking genes, typical of contiguous gene syndromes, but the detailed genetics are unclear. RESULTS This study presented a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi (RT) syndrome with serious cardiac abnormalities. Based on the clinical and genetic analysis of the patient, the ADCY9 gene deletion was highlighted as a plausible explanation of cardiac abnormalities. In adcy9 morphant zebrafish, cardiac malformation was observed. Immunofluorescence study disclosed increased macrophage migration and cardiac apoptosis. RNA sequencing in zebrafish model highlighted the changes of a number of genes, including increased expression of the mmp9 gene which encodes a matrix metalloproteinase with the main function to degrade and remodel extracellular matrix. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified a plausible new candidate gene ADCY9 of CHD through the clinical and genetic analysis of a rare case of Rubinstein-Taybi (RT) syndrome with serious cardiac abnormalities. By functional study of zebrafish, we demonstrated that deletion of adcy9 is the causation for the cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac apoptosis and increased expression of the MMP9 gene are involved in the pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueheng Wu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Li
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Qi Qu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yongchao Yang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jijin Lin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifeng Tian
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhuanbin Wu
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center Inc, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Huang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianyu Qin
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianwu Zhou
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanying Liu
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghua Wang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hanshi Zeng
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics and Division of Human Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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12
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Nanometric targeting of type 9 adenylyl cyclase in heart. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1749-1756. [PMID: 31769471 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) convert ATP into the classical second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Cardiac ACs, specifically AC5, AC6, and AC9, regulate cAMP signaling controlling functional outcomes such as heart rate, contractility and relaxation, gene regulation, stress responses, and glucose and lipid metabolism. With so many distinct functional outcomes for a single second messenger, the cell creates local domains of cAMP signaling to correctly relay signals. Targeting of ACs to A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) not only localizes ACs, but also places them within signaling nanodomains, where cAMP levels and effects can be highly regulated. Here we will discuss the recent work on the structure, regulation and physiological functions of AC9 in the heart, where it accounts for <3% of total AC activity. Despite the small contribution of AC9 to total cardiac cAMP production, AC9 binds and regulates local PKA phosphorylation of Yotiao-IKs and Hsp20, demonstrating a role for nanometric targeting of AC9.
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13
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The chilling of adenylyl cyclase 9 and its translational potential. Cell Signal 2020; 70:109589. [PMID: 32105777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A recent break-through paper has revealed for the first time the high-resolution, three-dimensional structure of a mammalian trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) obtained by cryo-electronmicroscopy (cryo-EM). Reporting the structure of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) in complex with activated Gsα, the cryo-EM study revealed that AC9 has three functionally interlinked, yet structurally distinct domains. The array of the twelve transmembrane helices is connected to the cytosolic catalytic core by two helical segments that are stabilized through the formation of a parallel coiled-coil. Surprisingly, in the presence of Gsα, the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal tail of AC9 occludes the forskolin- as well as the active substrate-sites, resulting in marked autoinhibition of the enzyme. As AC9 has the lowest primary sequence homology with the eight further mammalian tmAC paralogues, it appears to be the best candidate for selective pharmacologic targeting. This is now closer to reality as the structural insight provided by the cryo-EM study indicates that all of the three structural domains are potential targets for bioactive agents. The present paper summarizes for molecular physiologists and pharmacologists what is known about the biological role of AC9, considers the potential modes of physiologic regulation, as well as pharmacologic targeting on the basis of the high-resolution cryo-EM structure. The translational potential of AC9 is considered upon highlighting the current state of genome-wide association screens, and the corresponding experimental evidence. Overall, whilst the high- resolution structure presents unique opportunities for the full understanding of the control of AC9, the data on the biological role of the enzyme and its translational potential are far from complete, and require extensive further study.
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14
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Argyrousi EK, Heckman PRA, Prickaerts J. Role of cyclic nucleotides and their downstream signaling cascades in memory function: Being at the right time at the right spot. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:12-38. [PMID: 32044374 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
A plethora of studies indicate the important role of cAMP and cGMP cascades in neuronal plasticity and memory function. As a result, altered cyclic nucleotide signaling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of mnemonic dysfunction encountered in several diseases. In the present review we provide a wide overview of studies regarding the involvement of cyclic nucleotides, as well as their upstream and downstream molecules, in physiological and pathological mnemonic processes. Next, we discuss the regulation of the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides via phosphodiesterases, the enzymes that degrade cAMP and/or cGMP, and via A-kinase-anchoring proteins that refine signal compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. We also provide an overview of the available data pointing to the existence of specific time windows in cyclic nucleotide signaling during neuroplasticity and memory formation and the significance to target these specific time phases for improving memory formation. Finally, we highlight the importance of emerging imaging tools like Förster resonance energy transfer imaging and optogenetics in detecting, measuring and manipulating the action of cyclic nucleotide signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elentina K Argyrousi
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Pim R A Heckman
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands
| | - Jos Prickaerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6200 MD, the Netherlands.
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15
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Rautureau Y, Deschambault V, Higgins MÈ, Rivas D, Mecteau M, Geoffroy P, Miquel G, Uy K, Sanchez R, Lavoie V, Brand G, Nault A, Williams PM, Suarez ML, Merlet N, Lapointe L, Duquette N, Gillis MA, Samami S, Mayer G, Pouliot P, Raignault A, Maafi F, Brodeur MR, Levesque S, Guertin MC, Dubé MP, Thorin É, Rhainds D, Rhéaume É, Tardif JC. ADCY9 (Adenylate Cyclase Type 9) Inactivation Protects From Atherosclerosis Only in the Absence of CETP (Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein). Circulation 2019; 138:1677-1692. [PMID: 29674325 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.031134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacogenomic studies have shown that ADCY9 genotype determines the effects of the CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitor dalcetrapib on cardiovascular events and atherosclerosis imaging. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the interactions between ADCY9 and CETP activity have not yet been determined. METHODS Adcy9-inactivated ( Adcy9Gt/Gt) and wild-type (WT) mice, that were or not transgenic for the CETP gene (CETPtg Adcy9Gt/Gt and CETPtg Adcy9WT), were submitted to an atherogenic protocol (injection of an AAV8 [adeno-associated virus serotype 8] expressing a PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9] gain-of-function variant and 0.75% cholesterol diet for 16 weeks). Atherosclerosis, vasorelaxation, telemetry, and adipose tissue magnetic resonance imaging were evaluated. RESULTS Adcy9Gt/Gt mice had a 65% reduction in aortic atherosclerosis compared to WT ( P<0.01). CD68 (cluster of differentiation 68)-positive macrophage accumulation and proliferation in plaques were reduced in Adcy9Gt/Gt mice compared to WT animals ( P<0.05 for both). Femoral artery endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation was improved in Adcy9Gt/Gt mice (versus WT, P<0.01). Selective pharmacological blockade showed that the nitric oxide, cyclooxygenase, and endothelial-dependent hyperpolarization pathways were all responsible for the improvement of vasodilatation in Adcy9Gt/Gt ( P<0.01 for all). Aortic endothelium from Adcy9Gt/Gt mice allowed significantly less adhesion of splenocytes compared to WT ( P<0.05). Adcy9Gt/Gt mice gained more weight than WT with the atherogenic diet; this was associated with an increase in whole body adipose tissue volume ( P<0.01 for both). Feed efficiency was increased in Adcy9Gt/Gt compared to WT mice ( P<0.01), which was accompanied by prolonged cardiac RR interval ( P<0.05) and improved nocturnal heart rate variability ( P=0.0572). Adcy9 inactivation-induced effects on atherosclerosis, endothelial function, weight gain, adipose tissue volume, and feed efficiency were lost in CETPtg Adcy9Gt/Gt mice ( P>0.05 versus CETPtg Adcy9WT). CONCLUSIONS Adcy9 inactivation protects against atherosclerosis, but only in the absence of CETP activity. This atheroprotection may be explained by decreased macrophage accumulation and proliferation in the arterial wall, and improved endothelial function and autonomic tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohann Rautureau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Vanessa Deschambault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Marie-Ève Higgins
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Daniel Rivas
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Mélanie Mecteau
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Pascale Geoffroy
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Géraldine Miquel
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Kurunradeth Uy
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Rocio Sanchez
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Véronique Lavoie
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Geneviève Brand
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Audrey Nault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Pierre-Marc Williams
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Maria Laura Suarez
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Nolwenn Merlet
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Line Lapointe
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Natacha Duquette
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Marc-Antoine Gillis
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Samaneh Samami
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Gaétan Mayer
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.).,Faculty of Pharmacy (G. Mayer), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Adeline Raignault
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Foued Maafi
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Mathieu R Brodeur
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Sylvie Levesque
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, Montreal, Canada (S.L., M-C.G.)
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre, Montreal, Canada (S.L., M-C.G.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Centre, Montreal, Canada (M-P.D.)
| | - Éric Thorin
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.).,Departments of Surgery (E.T.), Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - David Rhainds
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.)
| | - Éric Rhéaume
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.).,Medicine (E.R., J-C-.T.) of the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute, Canada (Y.R., V.D., M-E.H., D.R., M.M., P.G., G.Miquel, K.U., R.S., V.L., G.B., A.N., P-M.W., M.L.S., N.M., L.L., N.D., M-A.G., S.S., G.Mayer, A.R., F.M., M.R.B., E.T., D.R., E.R., J-C.T.).,Medicine (E.R., J-C-.T.) of the Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Canada
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16
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Baldwin TA, Li Y, Brand CS, Watts VJ, Dessauer CW. Insights into the Regulatory Properties of Human Adenylyl Cyclase Type 9. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 95:349-360. [PMID: 30696718 DOI: 10.1124/mol.118.114595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-bound adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms have distinct regulatory mechanisms that contribute to their signaling specificity and physiologic roles. Although insight into the physiologic relevance of AC9 has progressed, the understanding of AC9 regulation is muddled with conflicting studies. Currently, modes of AC9 regulation include stimulation by Gαs, protein kinase C (PKC) βII, or calcium-calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) and inhibition by Gαi/o, novel PKC isoforms, or calcium-calcineurin. Conversely, the original cloning of human AC9 reported that AC9 is insensitive to Gαi inhibition. The purpose of our study was to clarify which proposed regulators of AC9 act directly or indirectly, particularly with respect to Gαi/o. The proposed regulators, including G proteins (Gαs, Gαi, Gαo, Gβγ), protein kinases (PKCβII, CaMKII), and forskolin, were systematically evaluated using classic in vitro AC assays and cell-based cAMP accumulation assays in COS-7 cells. Our studies show that AC9 is directly regulated by Gαs with weak conditional activation by forskolin; other modes of proposed regulation either occur indirectly or possibly require additional scaffolding proteins to facilitate regulation. We also show that AC9 contributes to basal cAMP production; knockdown or knockout of endogenous AC9 reduces basal AC activity in COS-7 cells and splenocytes. Importantly, although AC9 is not directly inhibited by Gαi/o, it can heterodimerize with Gαi/o-regulated isoforms, AC5 and AC6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya A Baldwin
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (T.A.B., Y.L., C.S.B., C.W.D.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.)
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (T.A.B., Y.L., C.S.B., C.W.D.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.)
| | - Cameron S Brand
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (T.A.B., Y.L., C.S.B., C.W.D.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (T.A.B., Y.L., C.S.B., C.W.D.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.)
| | - Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas (T.A.B., Y.L., C.S.B., C.W.D.); and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.)
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17
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Cholesteryl ester transfer protein: An enigmatic pharmacology – Antagonists and agonists. Atherosclerosis 2018; 278:286-298. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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18
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Pálvölgyi A, Simpson J, Bodnár I, Bíró J, Palkovits M, Radovits T, Skehel P, Antoni FA. Auto-inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) by an isoform-specific motif in the carboxyl-terminal region. Cell Signal 2018; 51:266-275. [PMID: 30121334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms show markedly distinct regulatory properties that have not been fully explored. AC9 is highly expressed in vital organs such as the heart and the brain. Here, we report that the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal domain (C2b) of AC9 inhibits the activation of the enzyme by Gs-coupled receptors (GsCR). In human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably overexpressing AC9, cAMP production by AC9 induced upon the activation of endogenous β-adrenergic and prostanoid GsCRs was barely discernible. Cells expressing AC9 lacking the C2b domain showed a markedly enhanced cAMP response to GsCR. Subsequent studies of the response of AC9 mutants to the activation of GsCR revealed that residues 1268-1276 in the C2b domain were critical for auto-inhibition. Two main species of AC9 of 130 K and ≥ 170 K apparent molecular weight were observed on immunoblots of rodent and human myocardial membranes with NH2-terminally directed anti-AC9 antibodies. The lower molecular weight AC9 band did not react with antibodies directed against the C2b domain. It was the predominant species of AC9 in rodent heart tissue and some of the human samples. There is a single gene for AC9 in vertebrates, moreover, amino acids 957-1353 of the COOH-terminus are encoded by a single exon with no apparent signs of mRNA splicing or editing making it highly unlikely that COOH-terminally truncated AC9 could arise through the processing or editing of mRNA. Thus, deductive reasoning leads to the suggestion that proteolytic cleavage of the C2b auto-inhibitory domain may govern the activation of AC9 by GsCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Simpson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ibolya Bodnár
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Semmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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19
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Function of Adenylyl Cyclase in Heart: the AKAP Connection. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2018; 5:jcdd5010002. [PMID: 29367580 PMCID: PMC5872350 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd5010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), synthesized by adenylyl cyclase (AC), is a universal second messenger that regulates various aspects of cardiac physiology from contraction rate to the initiation of cardioprotective stress response pathways. Local pools of cAMP are maintained by macromolecular complexes formed by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). AKAPs facilitate control by bringing together regulators of the cAMP pathway including G-protein-coupled receptors, ACs, and downstream effectors of cAMP to finely tune signaling. This review will summarize the distinct roles of AC isoforms in cardiac function and how interactions with AKAPs facilitate AC function, highlighting newly appreciated roles for lesser abundant AC isoforms.
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20
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Thompson E, Eldstrom J, Westhoff M, McAfee D, Balse E, Fedida D. cAMP-dependent regulation of IKs single-channel kinetics. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:781-798. [PMID: 28687606 PMCID: PMC5560775 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The delayed potassium rectifier current, IKs , is composed of KCNQ1 and KCNE1 subunits and plays an important role in cardiac action potential repolarization. During β-adrenergic stimulation, 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates KCNQ1, producing an increase in IKs current and a shortening of the action potential. Here, using cell-attached macropatches and single-channel recordings, we investigate the microscopic mechanisms underlying the cAMP-dependent increase in IKs current. A membrane-permeable cAMP analog, 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (8-CPT-cAMP), causes a marked leftward shift of the conductance-voltage relation in macropatches, with or without an increase in current size. Single channels exhibit fewer silent sweeps, reduced first latency to opening (control, 1.61 ± 0.13 s; cAMP, 1.06 ± 0.11 s), and increased higher-subconductance-level occupancy in the presence of cAMP. The E160R/R237E and S209F KCNQ1 mutants, which show fixed and enhanced voltage sensor activation, respectively, largely abolish the effect of cAMP. The phosphomimetic KCNQ1 mutations, S27D and S27D/S92D, are much less and not at all responsive, respectively, to the effects of PKA phosphorylation (first latency of S27D + KCNE1 channels: control, 1.81 ± 0.1 s; 8-CPT-cAMP, 1.44 ± 0.1 s, P < 0.05; latency of S27D/S92D + KCNE1: control, 1.62 ± 0.1 s; cAMP, 1.43 ± 0.1 s, nonsignificant). Using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we find no overall increase in surface expression of the channel during exposure to 8-CPT-cAMP. Our data suggest that the cAMP-dependent increase in IKs current is caused by an increase in the likelihood of channel opening, combined with faster openings and greater occupancy of higher subconductance levels, and is mediated by enhanced voltage sensor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emely Thompson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jodene Eldstrom
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Maartje Westhoff
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Donald McAfee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elise Balse
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, UMR_S 1166, Unité de recherche sur les maladies cardiovasculaires, le métabolisme et la nutrition, Faculté de Médecine, Site Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David Fedida
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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21
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Dessauer CW, Watts VJ, Ostrom RS, Conti M, Dove S, Seifert R. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CI. Structures and Small Molecule Modulators of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclases. Pharmacol Rev 2017; 69:93-139. [PMID: 28255005 PMCID: PMC5394921 DOI: 10.1124/pr.116.013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases (ACs) generate the second messenger cAMP from ATP. Mammalian cells express nine transmembrane AC (mAC) isoforms (AC1-9) and a soluble AC (sAC, also referred to as AC10). This review will largely focus on mACs. mACs are activated by the G-protein Gαs and regulated by multiple mechanisms. mACs are differentially expressed in tissues and regulate numerous and diverse cell functions. mACs localize in distinct membrane compartments and form signaling complexes. sAC is activated by bicarbonate with physiologic roles first described in testis. Crystal structures of the catalytic core of a hybrid mAC and sAC are available. These structures provide detailed insights into the catalytic mechanism and constitute the basis for the development of isoform-selective activators and inhibitors. Although potent competitive and noncompetitive mAC inhibitors are available, it is challenging to obtain compounds with high isoform selectivity due to the conservation of the catalytic core. Accordingly, caution must be exerted with the interpretation of intact-cell studies. The development of isoform-selective activators, the plant diterpene forskolin being the starting compound, has been equally challenging. There is no known endogenous ligand for the forskolin binding site. Recently, development of selective sAC inhibitors was reported. An emerging field is the association of AC gene polymorphisms with human diseases. For example, mutations in the AC5 gene (ADCY5) cause hyperkinetic extrapyramidal motor disorders. Overall, in contrast to the guanylyl cyclase field, our understanding of the (patho)physiology of AC isoforms and the development of clinically useful drugs targeting ACs is still in its infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen W Dessauer
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Val J Watts
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Marco Conti
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Stefan Dove
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
| | - Roland Seifert
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas (C.W.D.); Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana (V.J.W.); Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California (R.S.O.); Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California (M.C.); Institute of Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany (S.D.); and Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany (R.S.)
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22
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Tardif JC, Rhainds D, Rhéaume E, Dubé MP. CETP. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:396-400. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins are involved in reverse cholesterol transport and possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties. Paradoxically, CETP (cholesteryl ester transfer protein) inhibitors have been shown to increase inflammation as revealed by a raised plasma level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. CETP inhibitors did not improve clinical outcomes in large-scale clinical trials of unselected patients with coronary disease. Dalcetrapib is a CETP modulator for which effects on cardiovascular outcomes were demonstrated in the dal-OUTCOMES trial to be influenced by correlated polymorphisms in the
ADCY9
(adenylate cyclase type 9) gene (
P
=2.4×10
−8
for rs1967309). Patients with the AA genotype at rs1967309 had a relative reduction of 39% in the risk of presenting a cardiovascular event when treated with dalcetrapib compared with placebo (95% confidence interval, 0.41–0.92). In contrast, patients with the GG genotype had a 27% increase in risk, whereas heterozygotes (AG) presented a neutral result. Supporting evidence from the dal-PLAQUE-2 study using carotid ultrasonography revealed that the polymorphisms tested in the
ADCY9
linkage disequilibrium block were associated with disease regression for patients with the protective genotype, progression for the harmful genotype, and no effect in heterozygotes (
P
≤0.05 and ≤0.01 for 10 and 3 polymorphisms, respectively) when comparing dalcetrapib to placebo. Strikingly concordant and significant genotype-dependent effects of dalcetrapib were also obtained for changes in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cholesterol efflux capacity. The Dal-GenE randomized trial is currently being conducted in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome bearing the AA genotype at rs1967309 in the
ADCY9
gene to confirm the effects of dalcetrapib on hard cardiovascular outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., E.R., M.-P.D.) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J.-C.T., E.R., M.-P.D.); and Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center, Quebec, Canada (M.-P.D.)
| | - David Rhainds
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., E.R., M.-P.D.) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J.-C.T., E.R., M.-P.D.); and Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center, Quebec, Canada (M.-P.D.)
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., E.R., M.-P.D.) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J.-C.T., E.R., M.-P.D.); and Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center, Quebec, Canada (M.-P.D.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., E.R., M.-P.D.) and Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada (J.-C.T., E.R., M.-P.D.); and Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center, Quebec, Canada (M.-P.D.)
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23
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Selvakumar D, Drescher MJ, Deckard NA, Ramakrishnan NA, Morley BJ, Drescher DG. Dopamine D1A directly interacts with otoferlin synaptic pathway proteins: Ca2+ and phosphorylation underlie an NSF-to-AP2mu1 molecular switch. Biochem J 2017; 474:79-104. [PMID: 27821621 PMCID: PMC6310132 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine receptors regulate exocytosis via protein-protein interactions (PPIs) as well as via adenylyl cyclase transduction pathways. Evidence has been obtained for PPIs in inner ear hair cells coupling D1A to soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) attachment protein receptor (SNARE)-related proteins snapin, otoferlin, N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), and adaptor-related protein complex 2, mu 1 (AP2mu1), dependent on [Ca2+] and phosphorylation. Specifically, the carboxy terminus of dopamine D1A was found to directly bind t-SNARE-associated protein snapin in teleost and mammalian hair cell models by yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) and pull-down assays, and snapin directly interacts with hair cell calcium-sensor otoferlin. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis, competitive pull-downs, and co-immunoprecipitation indicated that these interactions were promoted by Ca2+ and occur together. D1A was also found to separately interact with NSF, but with an inverse dependence on Ca2+ Evidence was obtained, for the first time, that otoferlin domains C2A, C2B, C2D, and C2F interact with NSF and AP2mu1, whereas C2C or C2E do not bind to either protein, representing binding characteristics consistent with respective inclusion or omission in individual C2 domains of the tyrosine motif YXXΦ. In competitive pull-down assays, as predicted by KD values from SPR (+Ca2+), C2F pulled down primarily NSF as opposed to AP2mu1. Phosphorylation of AP2mu1 gave rise to a reversal: an increase in binding by C2F to phosphorylated AP2mu1 was accompanied by a decrease in binding to NSF, consistent with a molecular switch for otoferlin from membrane fusion (NSF) to endocytosis (AP2mu1). An increase in phosphorylated AP2mu1 at the base of the cochlear inner hair cell was the observed response elicited by a dopamine D1A agonist, as predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dakshnamurthy Selvakumar
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A
| | - Marian J Drescher
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A.
| | - Nathan A Deckard
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A
| | - Neeliyath A Ramakrishnan
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A
| | - Barbara J Morley
- Boys Town National Research Hospital, Omaha, Nebraska 68131, U.S.A
| | - Dennis G Drescher
- Laboratory of Bio-otology, Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, U.S.A
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24
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Tong R, Wade RC, Bruce NJ. Comparative electrostatic analysis of adenylyl cyclase for isoform dependent regulation properties. Proteins 2016; 84:1844-1858. [PMID: 27667304 DOI: 10.1002/prot.25167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme adenylyl cyclase (AC) plays a pivotal role in a variety of signal transduction pathways inside the cell, where it catalyzes the cyclization of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the second-messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Among other roles, AC regulates processes involved in neural plasticity, innervation of smooth muscles of the heart and the endocrine system of the pancreas. The functional diversity of AC is manifested in its different isoforms, each having a specific regulation pattern. There is an increasing amount of data available concerning the regulatory properties of AC isoforms, however little is known about the interactions on a structural level. Here, we conducted a comparative electrostatic analysis of the catalytic domains of all nine transmembrane AC isoforms with the aim of detecting, verifying and predicting the binding sites of molecular regulators on AC. The results provide support for the positioning of the binding site of the inhibitory protein Gi α at a pseudo-symmetric position to the stimulatory Gs α binding site. They also provide a structural interpretation of the Gβγ interaction with ACs 2, 4, and 7 and suggest a new binding site for RGS2. Comparison of the small molecule binding sites on AC shows that overall they have high electrostatic similarity, but regions of electrostatic differences are identified. These could provide a basis for the development of novel compounds with isoform-specific modulatory effects on AC. Proteins 2016; 84:1844-1858. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudi Tong
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB) Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rebecca C Wade
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Molecular Biology (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 282, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Neil J Bruce
- Molecular and Cellular Modeling Group, Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118, Heidelberg, Germany
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25
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Hayes E, Kushnir V, Ma X, Biswas A, Prizant H, Gleicher N, Sen A. Intra-cellular mechanism of Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) in regulation of follicular development. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 433:56-65. [PMID: 27235859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and plays a crucial role in testicular and ovarian functions. In clinical practice, AMH is used as a diagnostic and/or prognostic marker in women in association with ovulation induction and in various pathophysiological conditions. Despite widespread clinical use of AMH, our mechanistic understanding of AMH actions in regulating follicular development is limited. Using a mouse model, we in this study report that in vivo AMH treatment while stalls follicular development and inhibits ovulation, also prevents follicular atresia. We further show that these AMH actions are mediated through induction of two miRNAs, miR-181a and miR-181b, which regulate various aspects of FSH signaling and follicular growth, ultimately affecting downstream gene expression and folliculogenesis. We also report that in this mouse model AMH pre-treatment prior to superovulation improves oocyte yield. These studies, therefore, offer new mechanistic insight into AMH actions in folliculogenesis and point toward potential utilization of AMH as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Vitaly Kushnir
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Xiaoting Ma
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Anindita Biswas
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Hen Prizant
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Norbert Gleicher
- Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Aritro Sen
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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26
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Tardif JC, Rhainds D, Brodeur M, Feroz Zada Y, Fouodjio R, Provost S, Boulé M, Alem S, Grégoire JC, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, Guertin MC, Mongrain I, Olsson AG, Schwartz GG, Rhéaume E, Dubé MP. Genotype-Dependent Effects of Dalcetrapib on Cholesterol Efflux and Inflammation: Concordance With Clinical Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:340-8. [PMID: 27418594 PMCID: PMC4982759 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.116.001405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dalcetrapib effects on cardiovascular outcomes are determined by adenylate cyclase 9 gene polymorphisms. Our aim was to determine whether these clinical end point results are also associated with changes in reverse cholesterol transport and inflammation. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants of the dal-OUTCOMES and dal-PLAQUE-2 trials were randomly assigned to receive dalcetrapib or placebo in addition to standard care. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured at baseline and at end of study in 5243 patients from dal-OUTCOMES also genotyped for the rs1967309 polymorphism in adenylate cyclase 9. Cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins from J774 macrophages after cAMP stimulation was determined at baseline and 12 months in 171 genotyped patients from dal-PLAQUE-2. Treatment with dalcetrapib resulted in placebo-adjusted geometric mean percent increases in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein from baseline to end of trial of 18.1% (P=0.0009) and 18.7% (P=0.00001) in participants with the GG and AG genotypes, respectively, but the change was -1.0% (P=0.89) in those with the protective AA genotype. There was an interaction between the treatment arm and the genotype groups (P=0.02). Although the mean change in cholesterol efflux was similar among study arms in patients with GG genotype (mean: 7.8% and 7.4%), increases were 22.3% and 3.5% with dalcetrapib and placebo for those with AA genotype (P=0.005). There was a significant genetic effect for change in efflux for dalcetrapib (P=0.02), but not with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Genotype-dependent effects on C-reactive protein and cholesterol efflux are supportive of dalcetrapib benefits on atherosclerotic cardiovascular outcomes in patients with the AA genotype at polymorphism rs1967309. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov; Unique Identifiers: NCT00658515 and NCT01059682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.).
| | - David Rhainds
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Mathieu Brodeur
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Yassamin Feroz Zada
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - René Fouodjio
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Sylvie Provost
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie Boulé
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Sonia Alem
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Jean C Grégoire
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Philippe L L'Allier
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Ian Mongrain
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Anders G Olsson
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Gregory G Schwartz
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- From the Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., D.R., M. Brodeur, M. Boulé, S.A., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal, Faculty of Medicine (J.-C.T., J.C.G., P.L.L., R.I., E.R., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics Center (Y.F.Z., R.F., S.P., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Center (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Canada; Linkoping University, Department of Medicine and Health, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); and Veterans Affairs Medical Center & University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Denver, CO (G.G.S.).
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Surve CR, To JY, Malik S, Kim M, Smrcka AV. Dynamic regulation of neutrophil polarity and migration by the heterotrimeric G protein subunits Gαi-GTP and Gβγ. Sci Signal 2016; 9:ra22. [PMID: 26905427 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aad8163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the Gi family of heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) releases βγ subunits, which are the major transducers of chemotactic G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-dependent cell migration. The small molecule 12155 binds directly to Gβγ and activates Gβγ signaling without activating the Gαi subunit in the Gi heterotrimer. We used 12155 to examine the relative roles of Gαi and Gβγ activation in the migration of neutrophils on surfaces coated with the integrin ligand intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). We found that 12155 suppressed basal migration by inhibiting the polarization of neutrophils and increasing their adhesion to ICAM-1-coated surfaces. GPCR-independent activation of endogenous Gαi and Gβγ with the mastoparan analog Mas7 resulted in normal migration. Furthermore, 12155-treated cells expressing a constitutively active form of Gαi1 became polarized and migrated. The extent and duration of signaling by the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) were enhanced by 12155. Inhibiting the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) restored the polarity of 12155-treated cells but did not decrease their adhesion to ICAM-1 and failed to restore migration. Together, these data provide evidence for a direct role of activated Gαi in promoting cell polarization through a cAMP-dependent mechanism and in inhibiting adhesion through a cAMP-independent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chinmay R Surve
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jesi Y To
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Sundeep Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Minsoo Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Alan V Smrcka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA. Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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28
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Tardif JC, Rhéaume E, Lemieux Perreault LP, Grégoire JC, Feroz Zada Y, Asselin G, Provost S, Barhdadi A, Rhainds D, L'Allier PL, Ibrahim R, Upmanyu R, Niesor EJ, Benghozi R, Suchankova G, Laghrissi-Thode F, Guertin MC, Olsson AG, Mongrain I, Schwartz GG, Dubé MP. Pharmacogenomic determinants of the cardiovascular effects of dalcetrapib. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:372-82. [PMID: 25583994 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dalcetrapib did not improve clinical outcomes, despite increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 30%. These results differ from other evidence supporting high-density lipoprotein as a therapeutic target. Responses to dalcetrapib may vary according to patients' genetic profile. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a pharmacogenomic evaluation using a genome-wide approach in the dal-OUTCOMES study (discovery cohort, n=5749) and a targeted genotyping panel in the dal-PLAQUE-2 imaging trial (support cohort, n=386). The primary endpoint for the discovery cohort was a composite of cardiovascular events. The change from baseline in carotid intima-media thickness on ultrasonography at 6 and 12 months was evaluated as supporting evidence. A single-nucleotide polymorphism was found to be associated with cardiovascular events in the dalcetrapib arm, identifying the ADCY9 gene on chromosome 16 (rs1967309; P=2.41×10(-8)), with 8 polymorphisms providing P<10(-6) in this gene. Considering patients with genotype AA at rs1967309, there was a 39% reduction in the composite cardiovascular endpoint with dalcetrapib compared with placebo (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-0.92). In patients with genotype GG, there was a 27% increase in events with dalcetrapib versus placebo. Ten single-nucleotide polymorphism in the ADCY9 gene, the majority in linkage disequilibrium with rs1967309, were associated with the effect of dalcetrapib on intima-media thickness (P<0.05). Marker rs2238448 in ADCY9, in linkage disequilibrium with rs1967309 (r(2)=0.8), was associated with both the effects of dalcetrapib on intima-media thickness in dal-PLAQUE-2 (P=0.009) and events in dal-OUTCOMES (P=8.88×10(-8); hazard ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.58-0.78). CONCLUSIONS The effects of dalcetrapib on atherosclerotic outcomes are determined by correlated polymorphisms in the ADCY9 gene. CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT00658515 and NCT01059682.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Tardif
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.).
| | - Eric Rhéaume
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Louis-Philippe Lemieux Perreault
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Jean C Grégoire
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Yassamin Feroz Zada
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Géraldine Asselin
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Sylvie Provost
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Amina Barhdadi
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - David Rhainds
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Philippe L L'Allier
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Reda Ibrahim
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Ruchi Upmanyu
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Eric J Niesor
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Renée Benghozi
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Gabriela Suchankova
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Fouzia Laghrissi-Thode
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Marie-Claude Guertin
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Anders G Olsson
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Ian Mongrain
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Gregory G Schwartz
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.)
| | - Marie-Pierre Dubé
- Montreal Heart Institute (J.-C.T., E.R., L.-P.L.P., J.C.G., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., D.R., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-C.G., I.M., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal (J.-C.T., E.R., J.C.G., P.L.L'., R.I., M.-P.D.), Université de Montréal Beaulieu-Saucier Pharmacogenomics, Centre Montreal, Quebec, Canada (L.-P.L.P., Y.F.Z., G.A., S.P., A.B., I.M., M.-P.D.), Montreal Health Innovations Coordinating Centre (MHICC) (M.-C.G.), Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Stockholm Heart Center, Stockholm, Sweden (A.G.O.); Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Colorado, Denver (G.G.S.); and F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Basel, Switzerland (R.U., E.J.N., R.B., G.S., F.L.-T.).
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MicroRNA-181a-mediated downregulation of AC9 protein decreases intracellular cAMP level and inhibits ATRA-induced APL cell differentiation. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1161. [PMID: 24722286 PMCID: PMC5424108 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
AC9 is one of the adenylate cyclase (AC) isoforms, which catalyze the conversion of ATP to cAMP, an important second messenger. We previously found that the integration of cAMP/PKA pathway with nuclear receptor-mediated signaling was required during all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA)-induced maturation of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells. Here we showed that AC9 could affect intracellular cAMP level and enhance the trans-activity of retinoic acid receptor. Knockdown of AC9 in APL cell line NB4 could obviously inhibit ATRA-induced differentiation. We also demonstrated that miR-181a could decrease AC9 expression by targeting 3′UTR of AC9 mRNA, finally controlling the production of intracellular cAMP. The expression of miR-181a itself could be inhibited by CEBPα, probably accounting for the differential expression of miR-181a in NB4 and ATRA-resistant NB4-R1 cells. Moreover, we found that AC9 expression was relatively lower in newly diagnosed or relapsed APL patients than in both complete remission and non-leukemia cases, closely correlating with the leukemogenesis of APL. Taken together, our studies revealed for the first time the importance of miR-181a-mediated AC9 downregulation in APL. We also suggested the potential value of AC9 as a biomarker in the clinical diagnosis and treatment of leukemia.
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30
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Yang L, Wang YL, Liu S, Zhang PP, Chen Z, Liu M, Tang H. miR-181b promotes cell proliferation and reduces apoptosis by repressing the expression of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) in cervical cancer cells. FEBS Lett 2013; 588:124-30. [PMID: 24269684 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2013.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are a class of small, endogenous, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators. In this study, we found that miR-181b promoted cell proliferation and inhibited cell apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. And we validated a new miR-181b target gene, adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9). miR-181b restricted cAMP production by post-transcriptionally downregulating AC9 expression. Phenotypic experiments indicated that miR-181b and AC9 exerted opposite effects on cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan-Li Wang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shang Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hua Tang
- Tianjin Life Science Research Center, Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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31
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Sabbatini ME, D'Alecy L, Lentz SI, Tang T, Williams JA. Adenylyl cyclase 6 mediates the action of cyclic AMP-dependent secretagogues in mouse pancreatic exocrine cells via protein kinase A pathway activation. J Physiol 2013; 591:3693-707. [PMID: 23753526 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2012.249698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Both secretin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) receptors are responsible for the activation of adenylyl cyclases (ACs), which increase intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in the exocrine pancreas. There are nine membrane-associated isoforms, each with its own pattern of expression and regulation. In this study we sought to establish which AC isoforms play a regulatory role in pancreatic exocrine cells. Using RT-PCR, AC3, AC4, AC6, AC7 and AC9 were found to be expressed in the pancreas. AC3, AC4, AC6 and AC9 were expressed in both pancreatic acini and ducts, whereas AC7 was expressed only in pancreatic ducts. Based on known regulation by intracellular signals, selective inhibitors and stimulators were used to suggest which isoforms play an important role in the induction of cAMP formation. AC6 appeared to be an important isoform because protein kinase A (PKA), PKC and calcium all inhibited VIP-induced cAMP formation, whereas calcineurin or calmodulin did not modify the response to VIP. Mice with genetically deleted AC6 were studied and showed reduced cAMP formation and PKA activation in both isolated pancreatic acini and duct fragments. The absence of AC6 reduced cAMP-dependent secretagogue-stimulated amylase secretion, and abolished fluid secretion in both in vivo and isolated duct fragments. In conclusion, several AC isoforms are expressed in pancreatic acini and ducts. AC6 mediates a significant part of pancreatic amylase and fluid secretion in response to secretin, VIP and forskolin through cAMP/PKA pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Sabbatini
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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32
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Pondugula SR, Kampalli SB, Wu T, De Lisle RC, Raveendran NN, Harbidge DG, Marcus DC. cAMP-stimulated Cl- secretion is increased by glucocorticoids and inhibited by bumetanide in semicircular canal duct epithelium. BMC PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 13:6. [PMID: 23537040 PMCID: PMC3622586 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6793-13-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background The vestibular system controls the ion composition of its luminal fluid through several epithelial cell transport mechanisms under hormonal regulation. The semicircular canal duct (SCCD) epithelium has been shown to secrete Cl- under β2-adrenergic stimulation. In the current study, we sought to determine the ion transporters involved in Cl- secretion and whether secretion is regulated by PKA and glucocorticoids. Results Short circuit current (Isc) from rat SCCD epithelia demonstrated stimulation by forskolin (EC50: 0.8 μM), 8-Br-cAMP (EC50: 180 μM), 8-pCPT-cAMP (100 μM), IBMX (250 μM), and RO-20-1724 (100 μM). The PKA activator N6-BNZ-cAMP (0.1, 0.3 & 1 mM) also stimulated Isc. Partial inhibition of stimulated Isc individually by bumetanide (10 & 50 μM), and [(dihydroindenyl)oxy]alkanoic acid (DIOA, 100 μM) were additive and complete. Stimulated Isc was also partially inhibited by CFTRinh-172 (5 & 30 μM), flufenamic acid (5 μM) and diphenylamine-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (DPC; 1 mM). Native canals of CFTR+/− mice showed a stimulation of Isc from isoproterenol and forskolin+IBMX but not in the presence of both bumetanide and DIOA, while canals from CFTR−/− mice had no responses. Nonetheless, CFTR−/− mice showed no difference from CFTR+/− mice in their ability to balance (rota-rod). Stimulated Isc was greater after chronic incubation (24 hr) with the glucocorticoids dexamethasone (0.1 & 0.3 μM), prednisolone (0.3, 1 & 3 μM), hydrocortisone (0.01, 0.1 & 1 μM), and corticosterone (0.1 & 1 μM) and mineralocorticoid aldosterone (1 μM). Steroid action was blocked by mifepristone but not by spironolactone, indicating all the steroids activated the glucocorticoid, but not mineralocorticoid, receptor. Expression of transcripts for CFTR; for KCC1, KCC3a, KCC3b and KCC4, but not KCC2; for NKCC1 but not NKCC2 and for WNK1 but only very low WNK4 was determined. Conclusions These results are consistent with a model of Cl- secretion whereby Cl- is taken up across the basolateral membrane by a Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter (NKCC) and potentially another transporter, is secreted across the apical membrane via a Cl- channel, likely CFTR, and demonstrate the regulation of Cl- secretion by protein kinase A and glucocorticoids.
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Li Y, Chen L, Kass RS, Dessauer CW. The A-kinase anchoring protein Yotiao facilitates complex formation between adenylyl cyclase type 9 and the IKs potassium channel in heart. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:29815-24. [PMID: 22778270 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.380568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The scaffolding protein Yotiao is a member of a large family of protein A-kinase anchoring proteins with important roles in the organization of spatial and temporal signaling. In heart, Yotiao directly associates with the slow outward potassium ion current (I(Ks)) and recruits both PKA and PP1 to regulate I(Ks) phosphorylation and gating. Human mutations that disrupt I(Ks)-Yotiao interaction result in reduced PKA-dependent phosphorylation of the I(Ks) subunit KCNQ1 and inhibition of sympathetic stimulation of I(Ks), which can give rise to long-QT syndrome. We have previously identified a subset of adenylyl cyclase (AC) isoforms that interact with Yotiao, including AC1-3 and AC9, but surprisingly, this group did not include the major cardiac isoforms AC5 and AC6. We now show that either AC2 or AC9 can associate with KCNQ1 in a complex mediated by Yotiao. In transgenic mouse heart expressing KCNQ1-KCNE1, AC activity was specifically associated with the I(Ks)-Yotiao complex and could be disrupted by addition of the AC9 N terminus. A survey of all AC isoforms by RT-PCR indicated expression of AC4-6 and AC9 in adult mouse cardiac myocytes. Of these, the only Yotiao-interacting isoform was AC9. Furthermore, the endogenous I(Ks)-Yotiao complex from guinea pig also contained AC9. Finally, AC9 association with the KCNQ1-Yotiao complex sensitized PKA phosphorylation of KCNQ1 to β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, in heart, Yotiao brings together PKA, PP1, PDE4D3, AC9, and the I(Ks) channel to achieve localized temporal regulation of β-adrenergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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34
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Choreographing the adenylyl cyclase signalosome: sorting out the partners and the steps. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2011; 385:5-12. [PMID: 22012074 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-011-0696-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclases are a ubiquitous family of enzymes and are critical regulators of metabolic and cardiovascular function. Multiple isoforms of the enzyme are expressed in a range of tissues. However, for many processes, the adenylyl cyclase isoforms have been thought of as essentially interchangeable, with their impact more dependent on their common actions to increase intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate content regardless of the isoform involved. It has long been appreciated that each subfamily of isoforms demonstrate a specific pattern of "upstream" regulation, i.e., specific patterns of ion dependence (e.g., calcium-dependence) and specific patterns of regulation by kinases (protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), raf). However, more recent studies have suggested that adenylyl cyclase isoform-selective patterns of signaling are a wide-spread phenomenon. The determinants of these selective signaling patterns relate to a number of factors, including: (1) selective coupling of specific adenylyl cyclase isoforms with specific G protein-coupled receptors, (2) localization of specific adenylyl cyclase isoforms in defined structural domains (AKAP complexes, caveolin/lipid rafts), and (3) selective coupling of adenylyl cyclase isoforms with specific downstream signaling cascades important in regulation of cell growth and contractility. The importance of isoform-specific regulation has now been demonstrated both in mouse models as well as in humans. Adenylyl cyclase has not been viewed as a useful target for therapeutic regulation, given the ubiquitous expression of the enzyme and the perceived high risk of off-target effects. Understanding which isoforms of adenylyl cyclase mediate distinct cellular effects would bring new significance to the development of isoform-specific ligands to regulate discrete cellular actions.
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35
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Abstract
Interplay between the signaling pathways of the intracellular second messengers, cAMP and Ca(2+), has vital consequences for numerous essential physiological processes. Although cAMP can impact on Ca(2+)-homeostasis at many levels, Ca(2+) either directly, or indirectly (via calmodulin [CaM], CaM-binding proteins, protein kinase C [PKC] or Gβγ subunits) may also regulate cAMP synthesis. Here, we have evaluated the evidence for regulation of adenylyl cyclases (ACs) by Ca(2+)-signaling pathways, with an emphasis on verification of this regulation in a physiological context. The effects of compartmentalization and protein signaling complexes on the regulation of AC activity by Ca(2+)-signaling pathways are also addressed. Major gaps are apparent in the interactions that have been assumed, revealing a need to comprehensively clarify the effects of Ca(2+) signaling on individual ACs, so that the important ramifications of this critical interplay between Ca(2+) and cAMP are fully appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Halls
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1PD, United Kingdom
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36
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Zalduegui A, López de Jesús M, Callado LF, Meana JJ, Sallés J. Levels of Gsα(short and long), Gα(olf) and Gβ(common) subunits, and calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclase isoforms (1, 5/6, 8) in post-mortem human brain caudate and cortical membranes: comparison with rat brain membranes and potential stoichiometric relationships. Neurochem Int 2010; 58:180-9. [PMID: 21115086 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The levels of expression of Gsα(short and long), Gα(olf) and Gβ(common) subunits, and calcium-sensitive adenylyl cyclases isoforms (AC1, 5/6, and 8) in human brain cortical and caudate membranes were quantified by western blot analysis in order to establish their contribution to the patterns of AC functioning. Both areas expressed Gsα(long) (52 kDa) with values ranging from about 1400 ng/mg of membrane protein in cerebral cortex to close to 600 ng/mg of membrane protein in caudate nucleus. In contrast, Gsα(short) and Gsα(olf) were expressed separately, Gsα(short) in cortical membranes with values around 500 ng/mg of membrane protein and Gα(olf) in caudate membranes with values around 1300 ng/mg of membrane protein. Quantitative measurements of Gβ, revealed a similar expression level in cortical and caudate membranes (5444±732 versus 5511±394 ng/mg protein; p=0.966). The B(max) values of GTPγS-dependent [(3)H]-forskolin binding show the following descending order: rat striatal membranes>rat cortical membranes=human caudate membranes>human cortical membranes. Therefore, as measured immunochemically and by [(3)H]-forskolin binding, there seems to be a vast excess of Gsα subunits over catalytic units of AC. The highest levels of AC5/6 expression were detected in caudate membranes. AC8 was little expressed, and there were no significant differences in the relative values between both human brain regions. Finally, the levels of the AC1 isoform were significantly lower in caudate than in cortical membranes. It is concluded that these stoichiometric data contribute nonetheless to explain the significant differences observed in signalling capacities through the AC system in both human brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Zalduegui
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Vitoria-Gasteiz), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Spain
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37
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An adenylyl cyclase signaling pathway predicts direct dopaminergic input to vestibular hair cells. Neuroscience 2010; 171:1054-74. [PMID: 20883745 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 09/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Adenylyl cyclase (AC) signaling pathways have been identified in a model hair cell preparation from the trout saccule, for which the hair cell is the only intact cell type. The use of degenerate primers targeting cDNA sequence conserved across AC isoforms, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), coupled with cloning of amplification products, indicated expression of AC9, AC7 and AC5/6, with cloning efficiencies of 11:5:2. AC9 and AC5/6 are inhibited by Ca(2+), the former in conjunction with calcineurin, and message for calcineurin has also been identified in the trout saccular hair cell layer. AC7 is independent of Ca(2+). Given the lack of detection of calcium/calmodulin-activated isoforms previously suggested to mediate AC activation in the absence of Gαs in mammalian cochlear hair cells, the issue of hair-cell Gαs mRNA expression was re-examined in the teleost vestibular hair cell model. Two full-length coding sequences were obtained for Gαs/olf in the vestibular type II-like hair cells of the trout saccule. Two messages for Gαi have also been detected in the hair cell layer, one with homology to Gαi1 and the second with homology to Gαi3 of higher vertebrates. Both Gαs/olf protein and Gαi1/Gαi3 protein were immunolocalized to stereocilia and to the base of the hair cell, the latter consistent with sites of efferent input. Although a signaling event coupling to Gαs/olf and Gαi1/Gαi3 in the stereocilia is currently unknown, signaling with Gαs/olf, Gαi3, and AC5/6 at the base of the hair cell would be consistent with transduction pathways activated by dopaminergic efferent input. mRNA for dopamine receptors D1A4 and five forms of dopamine D2 were found to be expressed in the teleost saccular hair cell layer, representing information on vestibular hair cell expression not directly available for higher vertebrates. Dopamine D1A receptor would couple to Gαolf and activation of AC5/6. Co-expression with dopamine D2 receptor, which itself couples to Gαi3 and AC5/6, will down-modulate levels of cAMP, thus fine-tuning and gradating the hair-cell response to dopamine D1A. As predicted by the trout saccular hair cell model, evidence has been obtained for the first time that hair cells of mammalian otolithic vestibular end organs (rat/mouse saccule/utricle) express dopamine D1A and D2L receptors, and each receptor co-localizes with AC5/6, with a marked presence of all three proteins in subcuticular regions of type I vestibular hair cells. A putative efferent, presynaptic source of dopamine was identified in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive nerve fibers which passed from underlying connective tissue to the sensory epithelia, ending on type I and type II vestibular hair cells and on afferent calyces.
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Wójcik C, Volz K, Ranola M, Kitch K, Karim T, O'Neil J, Smith J, Torres-Martinez W. Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome associated with Chiari type I malformation caused by a large 16p13.3 microdeletion: a contiguous gene syndrome? Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:479-83. [PMID: 20101707 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome (RSTS, OMIM 180849) is a rare condition, which in 65% of cases is caused by haploinsufficiency of CREBBP (cAMP response element binding protein binding protein) localized to 16p13.3. A small subset of RSTS cases caused by 16p13.3 microdeletions involving neighboring genes have been recently suggested to be a true contiguous gene syndrome called severe RSTS or 16p13.3 deletion syndrome (OMIM 610543). In the present report, we describe a case of a 2-year-old female with RSTS who, besides most of the typical features of RSTS has corpus callosum dysgenesis and a Chiari type I malformation which required neurosurgical decompression. CGH microarray showed a approximately 520.7 kb microdeletion on 16p13.3 involving CREBBP, ADCY9, and SRL genes. We hypothesize that the manifestations in this patient might be influenced by the haploinsufficiency for ADCY9 and SRL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Wójcik
- Family Medicine Residency Program, Deaconess Hospital, Evansville, Indiana, USA.
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Pronko SP, Saba LM, Hoffman PL, Tabakoff B. Type 7 adenylyl cyclase-mediated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsiveness: influence of ethanol and sex. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 334:44-52. [PMID: 20363852 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.166793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although ethanol has been considered to be an anxiolytic agent, consumption of ethanol has also been shown to increase plasma adrenocorticotropin and glucocorticoids. The corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1alpha (CRF-R1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates adenylyl cyclase (AC), leading to adrenocorticotropin (and subsequently glucocorticoid) release into the circulation. There are nine members of the membrane-bound AC family, and the type 7 AC (AC7) is most sensitive to ethanol, which enhances the responsiveness of AC7 to G protein-coupled receptor activation. We determined the time course of ethanol's effect on plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone levels in male and female AC7 transgenic (Adcy7(huTG)) mice (in which AC7 is overexpressed in neural tissue) and AC7 heterozygous knockdown [Adcy7(+/-)] mice (in which AC7 is underexpressed in neural tissue), and their respective littermate controls [wild type (WT)]. CRF-R1 mRNA and mRNA and protein for different forms of ACs were measured by using gene expression arrays, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting in pituitaries of all animals. Our results demonstrated increased levels of AC7 in pituitary of Adcy7(huTG) mice and decreased levels in pituitary of Adcy7(+/-) mice compared with WT animals. Male and female Adcy7(huTG) mice displayed higher plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone levels than WT and/or Adcy7(+/-) mice after ethanol injection. Female mice displayed higher adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone levels after ethanol injection than males, regardless of genotype. The data provide evidence for an integral role of AC7 in the increase of plasma adrenocorticotropin and corticosterone levels during alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey P Pronko
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Denver, School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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Isoldi MC, Provencio I, Castrucci AMDL. Light modulates the melanophore response to alpha-MSH in Xenopus laevis: an analysis of the signal transduction crosstalk mechanisms involved. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 165:104-10. [PMID: 19539625 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melanin granule (melanosome) dispersion within Xenopus laevis melanophores is evoked either by light or alpha-MSH. We have previously demonstrated that the initial biochemical steps of light and alpha-MSH signaling are distinct, since the increase in cAMP observed in response to alpha-MSH was not seen after light exposure. cAMP concentrations in response to alpha-MSH were significantly lower in cells pre-exposed to light as compared to the levels in dark-adapted melanophores. Here we demonstrate the presence of an adenylyl cyclase (AC) in the Xenopus melanophore, similar to the mammalian type IX which is inhibited by Ca(2+)-calmodulin-activated phosphatase. This finding supports the hypothesis that the cyclase could be negatively modulated by a light-promoted Ca(2+) increase. In fact, the activity of calcineurin PP2B phosphatase was increased by light, which could result in AC IX inhibition, thus decreasing the response to alpha-MSH. St-Ht31, a disrupting agent of protein kinase A (PKA)-anchoring kinase A protein (AKAP) complex totally blocked the melanosome dispersing response to alpha-MSH, but did not impair the photo-response in Xenopus melanophores. Sequence comparison of a melanophore AKAP partial clone with GenBank sequences showed that the anchoring protein was a gravin-like adaptor previously sequenced from Xenopus non-pigmentary tissues. Co-immunoprecipitation of Xenopus AKAP and the catalytic subunit of PKA demonstrated that PKA is associated with AKAP and it is released in the presence of alpha-MSH. We conclude that in X. laevis melanophores, AKAP12 (gravin-like) contains a site for binding the inactive PKA thus compartmentalizing PKA signaling and also possesses binding sites for PKC. Light diminishes alpha-MSH-induced increase of cAMP by increasing calcineurin (PP2B) activity, which in turn inhibits adenylyl cyclase type IX, and/or by activating PKC, which phosphorylates the gravin-like molecule, thus destabilizing its binding to the cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro César Isoldi
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlotesville, VA 22904-4328, USA
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Sossin WS, Abrams TW. Evolutionary conservation of the signaling proteins upstream of cyclic AMP-dependent kinase and protein kinase C in gastropod mollusks. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2009; 74:191-205. [PMID: 20029183 DOI: 10.1159/000258666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) and the cAMP-dependent kinase (protein kinase A; PKA) pathways are known to play important roles in behavioral plasticity and learning in the nervous systems of a wide variety of species across phyla. We briefly review the members of the PKC and PKA family and focus on the evolution of the immediate upstream activators of PKC and PKA i.e., phospholipase C (PLC) and adenylyl cyclase (AC), and their conservation in gastropod mollusks, taking advantage of the recent assembly of the Aplysiacalifornica and Lottia gigantea genomes. The diversity of PLC and AC family members present in mollusks suggests a multitude of possible mechanisms to activate PKA and PKC; we briefly discuss the relevance of these pathways to the known physiological activation of these kinases in Aplysia neurons during plasticity and learning. These multiple mechanisms of activation provide the gastropod nervous system with tremendous flexibility for implementing neuromodulatory responses to both neuronal activity and extracellular signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne S Sossin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, Que., Canada.
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Adenylyl cyclases (E.C. 4.6.1.1). Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00506_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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ENZYMES. Br J Pharmacol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00506.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Strazzabosco M, Fiorotto R, Melero S, Glaser S, Francis H, Spirlì C, Alpini G. Differentially expressed adenylyl cyclase isoforms mediate secretory functions in cholangiocyte subpopulation. Hepatology 2009; 50:244-52. [PMID: 19444869 PMCID: PMC2738985 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is generated by adenylyl cyclases (ACs), a group of enzymes with different tissue specificity and regulation. We hypothesized that AC isoforms are heterogeneously expressed along the biliary tree, are associated with specific secretory stimuli, and are differentially modulated in cholestasis. Small duct and large duct cholangiocytes were isolated from controls and from lipopolysaccharide-treated or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-treated rats. AC isoform expression was assessed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Secretion and cAMP levels were measured in intrahepatic bile duct units after stimulation with secretin, forskolin, HCO(3)(-)/CO(2), cholinergic agonists, and beta-adrenergic agonists, with or without selected inhibitors or after silencing of AC8 or soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) with small interfering RNA. Gene expression of the Ca(2+)-insensitive isoforms (AC4, AC7) was higher in small duct cholangiocytes, whereas that of the Ca(2+)-inhibitable (AC5, AC6, AC9), the Ca(2+)/calmodulin-stimulated AC8, and the soluble sAC was higher in large duct cholangiocytes. Ca(2+)/calmodulin inhibitors and AC8 gene silencing inhibited choleresis and cAMP production stimulated by secretin and acetylcholine, but not by forskolin. Secretion stimulated by isoproterenol and calcineurin inibitors was cAMP-dependent and gamma-aminobutyric acid-inhibitable, consistent with activation of AC9. Cholangiocyte secretion stimulated by isohydric changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i) was cAMP-dependent and inhibited by sAC inhibitor and sAC gene silencing. Treatment with lipopolysaccharide or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate increased expression of AC7 and sAC but decreased expression of the other ACs. CONCLUSION These studies demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of ACs in biliary pathophysiology. In fact: (1) AC isoforms are differentially expressed in cholangiocyte subpopulations; (2) AC8, AC9, and sAC mediate cholangiocyte secretion in response to secretin, beta-adrenergic agonists, or changes in [HCO(3)(-)](i), respectively; and (3) AC gene expression is modulated in experimental cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Strazzabosco
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Romina Fiorotto
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven CT,Department of Gastroenterological and Surgical Sciences “P.G.Cevese”, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Saida Melero
- Center for liver Research (CeliveR), Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo Italy
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Heather Francis
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas
| | - Carlo Spirlì
- Dept. of Internal Medicine, Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine and Liver Center, New Haven CT,Center for liver Research (CeliveR), Ospedali Riuniti Bergamo Italy
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Department of Medicine, Division of R&E, Scott and White and Texas A&M Health Science Center College of Medicine, Temple, Texas,Research, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas
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Sadana R, Dessauer CW. Physiological roles for G protein-regulated adenylyl cyclase isoforms: insights from knockout and overexpression studies. Neurosignals 2008; 17:5-22. [PMID: 18948702 DOI: 10.1159/000166277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 04/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic AMP is a universal second messenger, produced by a family of adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzymes. The last three decades have brought a wealth of new information about the regulation of cyclic AMP production by ACs. Nine hormone-sensitive, membrane-bound AC isoforms have been identified in addition to a tenth isoform that lacks membrane spans and more closely resembles the cyanobacterial AC enzymes. New model systems for purifying and characterizing the catalytic domains of AC have led to the crystal structure of these domains and the mapping of numerous interaction sites. However, big hurdles remain in unraveling the roles of individual AC isoforms and their regulation in physiological systems. In this review we explore the latest on AC knockout and overexpression studies to better understand the roles of G protein regulation of ACs in the brain, olfactory bulb, and heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachna Sadana
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Kelley DJ, Bhattacharyya A, Lahvis GP, Yin JCP, Malter J, Davidson RJ. The cyclic AMP phenotype of fragile X and autism. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008; 32:1533-43. [PMID: 18601949 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a second messenger involved in many processes including mnemonic processing and anxiety. Memory deficits and anxiety are noted in the phenotype of fragile X (FX), the most common heritable cause of mental retardation and autism. Here we review reported observations of altered cAMP cascade function in FX and autism. Cyclic AMP is a potentially useful biochemical marker to distinguish autism comorbid with FX from autism per se and the cAMP cascade may be a viable therapeutic target for both FX and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Kelley
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Willoughby D, Cooper DMF. Organization and Ca2+Regulation of Adenylyl Cyclases in cAMP Microdomains. Physiol Rev 2007; 87:965-1010. [PMID: 17615394 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00049.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The adenylyl cyclases are variously regulated by G protein subunits, a number of serine/threonine and tyrosine protein kinases, and Ca2+. In some physiological situations, this regulation can be readily incorporated into a hormonal cascade, controlling processes such as cardiac contractility or neurotransmitter release. However, the significance of some modes of regulation is obscure and is likely only to be apparent in explicit cellular contexts (or stages of the cell cycle). The regulation of many of the ACs by the ubiquitous second messenger Ca2+provides an overarching mechanism for integrating the activities of these two major signaling systems. Elaborate devices have been evolved to ensure that this interaction occurs, to guarantee the fidelity of the interaction, and to insulate the microenvironment in which it occurs. Subcellular targeting, as well as a variety of scaffolding devices, is used to promote interaction of the ACs with specific signaling proteins and regulatory factors to generate privileged domains for cAMP signaling. A direct consequence of this organization is that cAMP will exhibit distinct kinetics in discrete cellular domains. A variety of means are now available to study cAMP in these domains and to dissect their components in real time in live cells. These topics are explored within the present review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Willoughby
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Carter CJ. Multiple genes and factors associated with bipolar disorder converge on growth factor and stress activated kinase pathways controlling translation initiation: implications for oligodendrocyte viability. Neurochem Int 2007; 50:461-90. [PMID: 17239488 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2006.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2006] [Accepted: 11/27/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Famine and viral infection, as well as interferon therapy have been reported to increase the risk of developing bipolar disorder. In addition, almost 100 polymorphic genes have been associated with this disease. Several form most of the components of a phosphatidyl-inositol signalling/AKT1 survival pathway (PIK3C3, PIP5K2A, PLCG1, SYNJ1, IMPA2, AKT1, GSK3B, TCF4) which is activated by growth factors (BDNF, NRG1) and also by NMDA receptors (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B). Various other protein products of genes associated with bipolar disorder either bind to or are affected by phosphatidyl-inositol phosphate products of this pathway (ADBRK2, HIP1R, KCNQ2, RGS4, WFS1), are associated with its constituent elements (BCR, DUSP6, FAT, GNAZ) or are downstream targets of this signalling cascade (DPYSL2, DRD3, GAD1, G6PD, GCH1, KCNQ2, NOS3, SLC6A3, SLC6A4, SST, TH, TIMELESS). A further pathway relates to endoplasmic reticulum-stress (HSPA5, XBP1), caused by problems in protein glycosylation (ALG9), growth factor receptor sorting (PIK3C3, HIP1R, SYBL1), or aberrant calcium homoeostasis (WFS1). Key processes relating to these pathways appear to be under circadian control (ARNTL, CLOCK, PER3, TIMELESS). DISC1 can also be linked to many of these pathways. The growth factor pathway promotes protein synthesis, while the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway, and other stress pathways activated by viruses and cytokines (IL1B, TNF, Interferons), oxidative stress or starvation, all factors associated with bipolar disorder risk, shuts down protein synthesis via control of the EIF2 alpha and beta translation initiation complex. For unknown reasons, oligodendrocytes appear to be particularly prone to defects in the translation initiation complex (EIF2B) and the convergence of these environmental and genomic signalling pathways on this area might well explain their vulnerability in bipolar disorder.
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Beazely MA, Watts VJ. Regulatory properties of adenylate cyclases type 5 and 6: A progress report. Eur J Pharmacol 2006; 535:1-12. [PMID: 16527269 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2006] [Accepted: 01/25/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Adenylate cyclases (AC) type 5 and 6 comprise the calcium-inhibited family of adenylate cyclase isoforms. Here we review recent discoveries in the regulation of AC5 and AC6 with a focus on posttranslational modifications including glycosylation, nitrosylation, and phosphorylation by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), and Raf1. We also describe novel signaling interactions such as Galpha(q)-mediated potentiation of AC6 activation. Novel regulators of AC5 and AC6, including small molecules and proteins that physically interact with AC5 and AC6 such as snapin, regulator of G protein signaling 2 (RGS2), protein associated with myc (PAM), and caveolin peptides are discussed. We also describe several recent studies that demonstrate the usefulness of transgenic or adenoviral overexpression of AC5 and AC6 in models for disease states such as cardiovascular hypertrophy. The discovery of novel regulatory mechanisms for AC5 and AC6 and their potential role in crucial physiological processes provide new avenues for research into therapeutic interventions targeting the cyclic AMP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Beazely
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Canada, ON M5S 1A8.
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Johnston CA, Ramer JK, Blaesius R, Fredericks Z, Watts VJ, Siderovski DP. A bifunctional Galphai/Galphas modulatory peptide that attenuates adenylyl cyclase activity. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:5746-50. [PMID: 16225870 PMCID: PMC1363735 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Signaling via G-protein coupled receptors is initiated by receptor-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on Galpha subunits normally bound to GDP and Gbetagamma. Activated Galpha . GTP then regulates effectors such as adenylyl cyclase. Except for Gbetagamma, no known regulators bind the adenylyl cyclase-stimulatory subunit Galphas in its GDP-bound state. We recently described a peptide, KB-752, that binds and enhances the nucleotide exchange rate of the adenylyl cyclase-inhibitory subunit Galpha(i). Herein, we report that KB-752 binds Galpha(s) . GDP yet slows its rate of nucleotide exchange. KB-752 inhibits GTPgammaS-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activity in cell membranes, reflecting its opposing effects on nucleotide exchange by Galpha(i) and Galpha(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Johnston
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 27599-7365, USA
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