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Guo Q, Jin Y, Lin M, Zeng C, Zhang J. NF-κB signaling in therapy resistance of breast cancer: Mechanisms, approaches, and challenges. Life Sci 2024; 348:122684. [PMID: 38710275 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer and is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. Chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy are all effective in destroying tumor cells, but they also activate the defense and protection systems of cancer cells, leading to treatment resistance. Breast cancer is characterized by a highly inflammatory tumor microenvironment. The NF-κB pathway is essential for connecting inflammation and cancer, as well as for tumor growth and therapy resistance. An increase in NF-κB signaling boosts the growth potential of breast cancer cells and facilitates the spread of tumors to bone, lymph nodes, lungs, and liver. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which chemotherapy, targeted therapy, endocrine therapy, and radiotherapy induce breast cancer resistance through NF-κB signaling. Additionally, we investigate therapeutic regimens, including single agents or in combination with target inhibitors, plant extracts, nanomedicines, and miRNAs, that have been reported in clinical trials, in vivo, and in vitro to reverse resistance. In particular, NF-κB inhibitors combined with tamoxifen were shown to significantly increase the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Combination therapy of miRNA-34a with doxorubicin was also found to synergistically inhibit the progression of doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer by inhibiting Notch/NF-κB signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizi Jin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingxi Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zeng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, No. 270, Dong'an Road, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Huang J, Cao X, Wu W, Han L, Wang F. Investigating the proliferative inhibition of HepG2 cells by exosome-like nanovesicles derived from Centella asiatica extract through metabolomics. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116855. [PMID: 38850651 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Nano-particles demonstrating excellent anticancer properties have gradually found application in cancer therapy. However, their widespread use is impeded by their potential toxicity, high cost, and the complexity of the preparation process. In this study, we achieved exosome-like Centella asiatica-derived nanovesicles (ADNVs) through a straightforward juicing and high-speed centrifugation process. We employed transmission electron microscopy and nanoparticle flow cytometry to characterize the morphology, diameter, and stability of the ADNVs. We evaluated the in vitro anticancer effects of ADNVs using Cell Counting Kit-8 and apoptosis assays. Through sequencing and bicinchoninic acid protein analysis, we discovered the abundant presence of proteins and microRNAs in ADNVs. These microRNAs can target various diseases such as cancer and infection. Furthermore, we demonstrated the effective internalization of ADNVs by HepG2 cells, resulting in an increase in reactive oxygen species levels, mitochondrial damage, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and apoptosis. Finally, we analyzed changes in cellular metabolites post-treatment using cell metabolomics techniques. Our findings indicated that ADNVs primarily influence metabolic pathways such as amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis, which are closely associated with HepG2 treatment. Our results demonstrate the potential utility of ADNVs as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- JingYi Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - XiaoYu Cao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - WenFeng Wu
- School of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liang Han
- School of Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - FengYun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory of Production & Development of Cantonese Medicinal Materials, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Timofeev O, Giron P, Lawo S, Pichler M, Noeparast M. ERK pathway agonism for cancer therapy: evidence, insights, and a target discovery framework. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:70. [PMID: 38485987 PMCID: PMC10940698 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-024-00554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
At least 40% of human cancers are associated with aberrant ERK pathway activity (ERKp). Inhibitors targeting various effectors within the ERKp have been developed and explored for over two decades. Conversely, a substantial body of evidence suggests that both normal human cells and, notably to a greater extent, cancer cells exhibit susceptibility to hyperactivation of ERKp. However, this vulnerability of cancer cells remains relatively unexplored. In this review, we reexamine the evidence on the selective lethality of highly elevated ERKp activity in human cancer cells of varying backgrounds. We synthesize the insights proposed for harnessing this vulnerability of ERK-associated cancers for therapeutical approaches and contextualize these insights within established pharmacological cancer-targeting models. Moreover, we compile the intriguing preclinical findings of ERK pathway agonism in diverse cancer models. Lastly, we present a conceptual framework for target discovery regarding ERKp agonism, emphasizing the utilization of mutual exclusivity among oncogenes to develop novel targeted therapies for precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Timofeev
- Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps University, 35043, Marburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Giron
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Clinical Sciences, Research group Genetics, Reproduction and Development, Centre for Medical Genetics, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Steffen Lawo
- CRISPR Screening Core Facility, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Pichler
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Maxim Noeparast
- Translational Oncology, II. Med Clinics Hematology and Oncology, 86156, Augsburg, Germany.
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4
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Huang S, Li Y, Long J, Han Y, Lin Q, Gong T, Sun X, Zhang Z, Zhang L. Replacing cholesterol with asiatic acid to prolong circulation and enhance anti-metastatic effects of non-PEGylated liposomes. J Control Release 2024; 366:585-595. [PMID: 38215987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an indispensable component of most liposomes, heavily influencing their physical and surface properties. In this study, cholesterol in non-PEGylated liposomes was replaced by its analog, asiatic acid (AA), to generate liposomes with an alternative composition. These AA liposomes are generally smaller and more rigid than conventional liposomes, circulate longer in the body, and accumulate more in primary tumors and lung metastases in vivo. On the other hand, as an active ingredient, AA can decrease TGF-β secretion to inhibit the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to doxorubicin (DOX), and synergize with DOX to enhance the immune response, thus improving their antitumor and anti-metastasis efficiency. Based on this rationale, DOX-loaded AA liposomes were fabricated and tested against triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Results showed that compared with conventional liposomes, the DOX-AALip provided approximately 28.4% higher tumor volume reduction with almost no metastatic nodules in the mouse model. Our data demonstrate that AA liposomes are safe, simple, and efficient, and thus in many situations may be used instead of conventional liposomes, having good potential for further clinical translational development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yujia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Shiqi Huang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiaying Long
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yikun Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Lin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Tao Gong
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhirong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Targeting and Drug Delivery Systems of Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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5
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Macedo C, Costa PC, Rodrigues F. Bioactive compounds from Actinidia arguta fruit as a new strategy to fight glioblastoma. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113770. [PMID: 38129059 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a significant demand for natural products as a mean of disease prevention or as an alternative to conventional medications. The driving force for this change is the growing recognition of the abundant presence of valuable bioactive compounds in natural products. On recent years Actinia arguta fruit, also known as kiwiberry, has attracted a lot of attention from scientific community due to its richness in bioactive compounds, including phenolic compounds, organic acids, vitamins, carotenoids and fiber. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit's diverse outstanding biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties. Due to these properties, the fruit may have the potential to be used in the treatment/prevention of various types of cancer, including glioblastoma. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer, displaying 90 % of recurrence rate within a span of 2 years. Despite the employment of an aggressive approach, the prognosis remains unfavorable, emphasizing the urgent requirement for the development of new effective treatments. The preclinical evidence suggests that kiwiberry has potential impact on glioblastoma by reducing the cancer self-renewal, modulating the signaling pathways involved in the regulation of the cell phenotype and metabolism, and influencing the consolidation of the tumor microenvironment. Even though, challenges such as the imprecise composition and concentration of bioactive compounds, and its low bioavailability after oral administration may be drawbacks to the development of kiwiberry-based treatments, being urgent to ensure the safety and efficacy of kiwiberry for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma. This review aims to highlight the potential impact of A. arguta bioactive compounds on glioblastoma, providing novel insights into their applicability as complementary or alternative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Macedo
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal; REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo C Costa
- REQUIMTE/UCIBIO, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Francisca Rodrigues
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, ISEP, Polytechnic of Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal.
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6
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Switzer CH. Non-canonical nitric oxide signalling and DNA methylation: Inflammation induced epigenetic alterations and potential drug targets. Br J Pharmacol 2023. [PMID: 38116806 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation controls DNA accessibility to transcription factors and other regulatory proteins, thereby affecting gene expression and hence cellular identity and function. As epigenetic modifications control the transcriptome, epigenetic dysfunction is strongly associated with pathological conditions and ageing. The development of pharmacological agents that modulate the activity of major epigenetic proteins are in pre-clinical development and clinical use. However, recent publications have identified novel redox-based signalling pathways, and therefore novel drug targets, that may exert epigenetic effects. This review will discuss the recent developments in nitric oxide (NO) signalling on DNA methylation as well as potential epigenetic drug targets that have emerged from the intersection of inflammation/redox biology and epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Switzer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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7
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Meng YQ, Wang ZQ, Li JM, Xu DP, Meng BB, Huang MQ. Synthesis and anti-tumor activity of asiatic acid derivatives targeting VEGFR. JOURNAL OF ASIAN NATURAL PRODUCTS RESEARCH 2023; 25:1205-1216. [PMID: 37081794 DOI: 10.1080/10286020.2023.2202855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To discovery novel VEGFR inhibitors, 12 novel asiatic acid derivatives were designed by computer-aided drug design (CADD) technology. Then, these novel asiatic acid derivatives were synthesized by introducing active groups at ring A and C-28 positions of asiatic acid. The structures of these novel analogues were confirmed by NMR and MS. Moreover, the anti-tumor activities of these novel asiatic acid derivatives on human hepatoma cells HepG2 and human gastric cancer cells SGC7901 were evaluated by MTT assay. As a result, compounds I2 and II4 showed stronger cytotoxicity on tumor cells than asiatic acid and positive control drugs such as gefitinib and paclitaxel. In conclusion, our study synthesized twelve novel asiatic acid derivatives and determined compounds I2 and II4 had better anti-tumor effect which may be potential candidate compounds for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Qiu Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Zhi-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Jin-Ming Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Dong-Ping Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Bei-Bei Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Mei-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
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8
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Chen XC, Huang LF, Tang JX, Wu D, An N, Ye ZN, Lan HY, Liu HF, Yang C. Asiatic acid alleviates cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in tumor-bearing mice by improving the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115122. [PMID: 37413899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nephrotoxicity is a major side effect of cisplatin treatment of solid tumors in the clinical setting. Long-term low-dose cisplatin administration causes renal fibrosis and inflammation. However, few specific medicines with clinical application value have been developed to reduce or treat the nephrotoxic side effects of cisplatin without affecting its tumor-killing effect. The present study analyzed the potential reno-protective effect and mechanism of asiatic acid (AA) in long-term cisplatin-treated nude mice suffering from tumors. AA treatment significantly attenuated renal injury, inflammation, and fibrosis induced by long-term cisplatin injection in tumor-bearing mice. AA administration notably suppressed tubular necroptosis and improved the autophagy-lysosome pathway disruption caused by chronic cisplatin treatment in tumor-transplanted nude mice and HK-2 cells. AA promoted transcription factor EB (TFEB)-mediated lysosome biogenesis and reduced the accumulation of damaged lysosomes, resulting in enhanced autophagy flux. Mechanistically, AA increased TFEB expression by rebalancing Smad7/Smad3, whereas siRNA inhibition of Smad7 or TFEB abolished the effect of AA on autophagy flux in HK-2 cells. In addition, AA treatment did not weaken, but actually enhanced the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin, as evidenced by the promoted tumor apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in nude mice. In summary, AA alleviates cisplatin-induced renal fibrosis in tumor-bearing mice by improving the TFEB-mediated autophagy-lysosome pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Cui Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Li-Feng Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ji-Xin Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Ning An
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Zhen-Nan Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory on Immunological and Genetic Kidney Diseases, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Feng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
| | - Chen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Autophagy and Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Key Laboratory of Prevention and Management of Chronic Kidney Disease of Zhanjiang City, Institute of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524001, China.
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9
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Pantia S, Kangsamaksin T, Janvilisri T, Komyod W. Asiatic Acid Inhibits Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cell Viability and Migration via Suppressing STAT3 and Claudin-1. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:902. [PMID: 37375849 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a prevalent cancer in Southeast Asia, but effective treatment options remain limited, and chemotherapy has a high resistance rate. Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid found in Centella asiatica, has shown anticancer activity in various cancers. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the anticancer effects and mechanisms of AA in NPC cell lines. The effects of AA on NPC cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and migration were determined in TW-01 and SUNE5-8F NPC cell lines. Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate the protein expression levels affected by AA. The role of AA in proliferation and migration was investigated in STAT3 and claudin-1 knockdown cells. AA inhibited NPC cell viability and migration and induced cell death by increasing cleaved caspase-3 expression. Moreover, AA inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced claudin-1 expression in NPC cells. Although knockdown of STAT3 or claudin-1 slightly reduced cell viability, it did not enhance the anti-proliferative effect of AA. However, knockdown of STAT3 or claudin-1 increased the anti-migratory effect of AA in NPC cells. These results suggest that AA can be a promising candidate for drug development against NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supitchaya Pantia
- Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thaned Kangsamaksin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tavan Janvilisri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Waraporn Komyod
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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10
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Lai YW, Wang SW, Lin CL, Chen SS, Lin KH, Lee YT, Chen WC, Hsieh YH. Asiatic acid exhibits antimetastatic activity in human prostate cancer cells by modulating the MZF-1/Elk-1/Snail signaling axis. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 951:175770. [PMID: 37209940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer metastasis is associated with poor prognosis and is difficult to treat clinically. Numerous studies have shown that Asiatic Acid (AA) has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of AA on prostate cancer metastasis is still unclear. This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of AA on prostate cancer metastasis and to better understand its molecular mechanisms of action. Our results indicate that AA ≤ 30 μM did not influence cell viability and cell cycle distribution in PC3, 22Rv1 and DU145 cells. AA inhibited the migratory and invasive capabilities of three prostate cancer cells to be due to its effects on Snail, but did not have activity on Slug. We observed that AA inhibited the Myeloid zinc finger 1 (MZF-1) and ETS Like-1 (Elk-1) protein interaction and affected the complex's binding capacity to the Snail promoter region, ultimately blocking Snail transcription activity. Kinase cascade analysis revealed that phosphorylation of MEK3/6 and p38MAPK was inhibited by AA treatment. Moreover, knockdown of p38MAPK enhanced AA-suppressed protein levels of MZF-1, Elk-1, and Snail, suggesting that p38MAPK influences prostate cancer cell metastasis. These results provide promise for AA as a future candidate in the development of drug therapies to prevent or treat prostate cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Lai
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, College of Medicine and Shu-Tien Urological Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiou-Sheng Chen
- Division of Urology, Taipei City Hospital Zhong Xiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan; General Education Center, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MstacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Tung Lee
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Division of Sports Medicine & Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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11
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Advances in Molecular Regulation of Prostate Cancer Cells by Top Natural Products of Malaysia. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:1536-1567. [PMID: 36826044 PMCID: PMC9954984 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains both a global health burden and a scientific challenge. We present a review of the molecular targets driving current drug discovery to fight this disease. Moreover, the preventable nature of most PCa cases represents an opportunity for phytochemicals as chemopreventive when adequately integrated into nutritional interventions. With a renovated interest in natural remedies as a commodity and their essential role in cancer drug discovery, Malaysia is looking towards capitalizing on its mega biodiversity, which includes the oldest rainforest in the world and an estimated 1200 medicinal plants. We here explore whether the list of top Malay plants prioritized by the Malaysian government may fulfill the potential of becoming newer, sustainable sources of prostate cancer chemotherapy. These include Andrographis paniculate, Centella asiatica, Clinacanthus nutans, Eurycoma longifolia, Ficus deltoidea, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Marantodes pumilum (syn. Labisia pumila), Morinda citrifolia, Orthosiphon aristatus, and Phyllanthus niruri. Our review highlights the importance of resistance factors such as Smac/DIABLO in cancer progression, the role of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in cancer metastasis, and the regulation of PCa cells by some promising terpenes (andrographolide, Asiatic acid, rosmarinic acid), flavonoids (isovitexin, gossypin, sinensetin), and alkylresorcinols (labisiaquinones) among others.
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12
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Chen YH, Wu JX, Yang SF, Hsiao YH. Synergistic Combination of Luteolin and Asiatic Acid on Cervical Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020548. [PMID: 36672499 PMCID: PMC9857275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is an important issue globally because it is the second most common gynecological malignant tumor and conventional treatment effects have been shown to be limited. Lut and AsA are plant-derived natural flavonoid and triterpenoid products that have exhibited anticancer activities and can modulate various signaling pathways. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether Lut combined with AsA could enhance the anticancer effect to inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation and examine the underlying molecular mechanisms in vitro and in vivo. The results of a CCK-8 assay showed that Lut combined with AsA more effectively inhibited the proliferation of CaSki and HeLa cells than Lut or AsA treatment alone. Lut combined with AsA caused apoptosis induction and sub-G1-phase arrest in CaSki and HeLa cells, as confirmed by flow cytometry, mitoROS analysis, antioxidant activity measurement and western blot assay. In addition, Lut combined with AsA significantly inhibited the cell migration ability of CaSki and HeLa cells in a wound-healing assay. Furthermore, Lut combined with AsA induced apoptosis and inhibited migration through downregulated PI3K/AKT (PI3K, AKT and p70S6K), JNK/p38 MAPK and FAK (integrin β1, paxillin and FAK) signaling and upregulated ERK signaling. In an in vivo study, Lut combined with AsA markedly inhibited cervical cancer cell-derived xenograft tumor growth. Collectively, the present study showed that Lut combined with AsA may be used as an anticancer agent to improve the prognosis of cervical cancer. Indeed, with additional research to develop standardized dosages, Lut and AsA combination therapy could also be applied in clinical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Chen
- Women’s Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Xue Wu
- Women’s Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- Women’s Health Research Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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13
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Wilson C, Murnane JP. High-throughput screen to identify compounds that prevent or target telomere loss in human cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac029. [PMID: 36196242 PMCID: PMC9527662 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome instability (CIN) is an early step in carcinogenesis that promotes tumor cell progression and resistance to therapy. Using plasmids integrated adjacent to telomeres, we have previously demonstrated that the sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) contributes to telomere loss and CIN in cancer. A high-throughput screen was created to identify compounds that affect telomere loss due to subtelomeric DSBs introduced by I-SceI endonuclease, as detected by cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP). A screen of a library of 1832 biologically-active compounds identified a variety of compounds that increase or decrease the number of GFP-positive cells following activation of I-SceI. A curated screen done in triplicate at various concentrations found that inhibition of classical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) increased DSB-induced telomere loss, demonstrating that C-NHEJ is functional in subtelomeric regions. Compounds that decreased DSB-induced telomere loss included inhibitors of mTOR, p38 and tankyrase, consistent with our earlier hypothesis that the sensitivity of subtelomeric regions to DSBs is a result of inappropriate resection during repair. Although this assay was also designed to identify compounds that selectively target cells experiencing telomere loss and/or chromosome instability, no compounds of this type were identified in the current screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Small Molecule Discovery Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - John P Murnane
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 415 680 4434;
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Dutta S, Chakraborty P, Basak S, Ghosh S, Ghosh N, Chatterjee S, Dewanjee S, Sil PC. Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity of asiatic acid-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid nanoparticles: A strategy of treating breast cancer. Life Sci 2022; 307:120876. [PMID: 35961595 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), an aglycone of pentacyclic triterpene glycoside, obtained from the leaves of Centella asiatica exerts anticancer effects by inhibiting cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis in a wide range of carcinogenic distresses. However, its chemotherapeutic efficacy is dampened by its low bioavailability. Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit therapeutic efficacy and compliance by improving tissue penetration and lowering toxicity. Thus, to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of AA in the treatment of breast cancer, AA-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) NPs (AA-PLGA NPs) have been formulated. The AA-PLGA NPs were characterized on the basis of their average particle size, zeta potential, electron microscopic imaging, drug loading, and entrapment efficiency. The NPs exhibited sustained drug release profile in vitro. Developed NPs exerted dose-dependent cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells without damaging normal cells. The pro-oxidant and pro-apoptotic properties of AA-PLGA NPs were determined by the study of the cellular levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-GSSG, MDA, protein carbonylation, ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential, and FACS analyses on MCF-7 cells. Immunoblotting showed that AA-PLGA NPs elicited an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. In vivo studies on female BALB/c mice exhibited reduced volume of mammary pad tumor tissues and augmented expression of caspase-3 when administered with AA-PLGA NPs. No systemic adverse effect of AA-PLGA NPs was observed in our studies. Thus, AA-PLGA NPs can act as an efficient drug delivery system against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayanta Dutta
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Pratik Chakraborty
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Susmita Basak
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Noyel Ghosh
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Sharmistha Chatterjee
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India
| | - Saikat Dewanjee
- Advanced Pharmacognosy Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India.
| | - Parames C Sil
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, P-1/12, CIT Scheme VII M, Kolkata 700054, India.
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15
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Hossain MS, Kader MA, Goh KW, Islam M, Khan MS, Harun-Ar Rashid M, Ooi DJ, Melo Coutinho HD, Al-Worafi YM, Moshawih S, Lim YC, Kibria KMK, Ming LC. Herb and Spices in Colorectal Cancer Prevention and Treatment: A Narrative Review. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:865801. [PMID: 35846992 PMCID: PMC9280164 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.865801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer worldwide. CRC management is challenging due to late detection, high recurrence rate, and multi-drug resistance. Herbs and spices used in cooking, practised for generations, have been shown to contain CRC protective effect or even be useful as an anti-CRC adjuvant therapy when used in high doses. Herbs and spices contain many bioactive compounds and possess many beneficial health effects. The chemopreventive properties of these herbs and spices are mainly mediated by the BCL-2, K-ras, and MMP pathways, caspase activation, the extrinsic apoptotic pathway, and the regulation of ER-stress-induced apoptosis. As a safer natural alternative, these herbs and spices could be good candidates for chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents for CRC management because of their antiproliferative action on colorectal carcinoma cells and inhibitory activity on angiogenesis. Therefore, in this narrative review, six different spices and herbs: ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), and flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) used in daily cuisine were selected for this study and analyzed for their chemoprotective or chemotherapeutic roles in CRC management with underlying molecular mechanisms of actions. Initially, this study comprehensively discussed the molecular basis of CRC development, followed by culinary and traditional uses, current scientific research, and publications of selected herbs and spices on cancers. Lead compounds have been discussed comprehensively for each herb and spice, including anti-CRC phytoconstituents, antioxidant activities, anti-inflammatory properties, and finally, anti-CRC effects with treatment mechanisms. Future possible works have been suggested where applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Sanower Hossain
- Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Sristy College of Tangail, Tangail, Bangladesh
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
| | - Md. Abdul Kader
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Khang Wen Goh
- Faculty of Data Science and Information Technology, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | | | - Md. Sharif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Harun-Ar Rashid
- Department of Nutrition and Food Engineering, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Der Jiun Ooi
- Department of Oral Biology & Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratório de Microbiologia E Biologia Molecular—LMBM, Universidade Regional Do Cariri, URCA, Crato, Brazil
| | - Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
- College of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Amran, Yemen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Said Moshawih
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - Ya Chee Lim
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
| | - K. M. Kaderi Kibria
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- PAP Rashidah Sa’adatul Bolkiah Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei
- *Correspondence: Md. Sanower Hossain, ; Long Chiau Ming,
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16
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Hamedi A, Bayat M, Asemani Y, Amirghofran Z. A review of potential anti-cancer properties of some selected medicinal plants grown in Iran. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Huang CF, Hung TW, Yang SF, Tsai YL, Yang JT, Lin CL, Hsieh YH. Asiatic acid from centella asiatica exert anti-invasive ability in human renal cancer cells by modulation of ERK/p38MAPK-mediated MMP15 expression. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 100:154036. [PMID: 35316724 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally pentacyclic triterpenoids extracted from traditional medicine Centella asiatica l. that has demonstrated possesses potential health benefits and antitumor ability. However, the precise anticancer effects and mechanisms by which AA impact RCC cells remains unclear. METHODS Cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution were detected by MTT, colony formation assay and PI stain by flow cytometry, respectively. Cell mobility and invasiveness were determined by in vitro migration and invasion assay. The secretory MMP15 was detected by ELISA assay. Quantitative RT-PCR, siRNA, and immunoblot were used to determine gene expression/regulation and protein expression, respectively. Antimetastatic effect of AA were performed to lung nodule numbers in vivo metastasis mice model. MMP15, pERK1/2 and p-p38MAPK expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our findings indicated cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution of RCC cells were not significantly influenced by AA treatment. AA suppressed cell migration, invasion and significantly down-regulated mRNA and protein expression of MMP-15 (Matrix Metallopeptidase-15). Activation of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK were inhibited with AA, whereas combined AA with siRNA-ERK or siRNA-p38MAPK markedly reduced the metastatic effect and decreased MMP-15 expression in 786-O and A498 cells. Finally, AA significantly reduced the lung metastasis formation and metastasis-related proteins of human 786-O cells in vivo metastasis mice model. CONCLUSION AA inhibits the metastatic properties of RCC cells via inhibition of the p-ERK/p-p38MAPK axis and the subsequent down-regulation of MMP-15 in vitro and in vivo. Further study of AA as a potential anti-metastatic agent for RCC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Feng Huang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Fa Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lun Tsai
- Department of Medical Laboratory and Biotechnology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Te Yang
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Liang Lin
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsien Hsieh
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Kombiyil S, Sivasithamparam ND. In Vitro Anti-cancer Effect of Crataegus oxyacantha Berry Extract on Hormone Receptor Positive and Triple Negative Breast Cancers via Regulation of Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 195:2687-2708. [PMID: 35262883 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer treatment strategy depends mainly on the receptor status. Our aim was to identify a herbal preparation, effective against breast cancer, irrespective of hormone sensitivity, and to understand its molecular mechanism. The rich antioxidant composition of hawthorn (Crataegus oxyacantha) makes it a promising anti-cancer drug candidate. Polyphenol-rich methanolic extract of C. oxyacantha berry (M.Co) was found to be cytotoxic on hormone receptor positive (MCF-7) and triple negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cell lines, at a dose (75 μg/ml) safe on normal cells. It could effectively inhibit tumor cell proliferation and arrest cell cycle at G1/S transition in both cell lines. Molecular targets were selected from different levels of canonical Wnt signaling pathway (such as autocrine and antagonistic ligands, receptor, effector, cytoplasmic components, downstream targets, and pathway antagonist), since they are frequently found dysregulated in all breast cancers and their aberrant activation is associated with cancer stem cell expansion. M.Co could significantly downregulate the expression of Wnt pathway agonists and upregulate that of Wnt antagonists at transcriptional and translational levels, in both cell lines. To conclude, C. oxyacantha berry extract is effective against breast cancer irrespective of its hormone dependency, and cancer growth inhibition at stem cell level can be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salini Kombiyil
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, India
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19
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Ramalho MJ, Bravo M, Loureiro JA, Lima J, Pereira MC. Transferrin-modified nanoparticles for targeted delivery of Asiatic acid to glioblastoma cells. Life Sci 2022; 296:120435. [PMID: 35247437 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest type of brain cancer, and the current therapeutic options are not curative, imposing the need for novel strategies. Asiatic acid (AA) is a natural compound and has been explored due to its anti-glioma activity and lower toxicity to healthy tissues compared with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. However, its poor water-solubility is an obstacle for clinical application. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were proposed in this work for Asiatic acid (AA) delivery. MAIN METHODS A central composite design was implemented to optimize the NPs, and their surface was further modified with transferrin (Tf), for targeted delivery to GBM cells. The anti-glioma activity of the NPs was studied in vitro using human GBM cells and immortalized human astrocytes. KEY FINDINGS The NPs exhibited a mean size smaller than 200 nm, with low polydispersity and negative zeta potential, indicating their suitability for brain tumor delivery. The NPs also exhibited high encapsulation efficiency and maintained a slow and controlled release of AA for 20 days. In vitro cell studies showed that NPs were able to maintain the anti-glioma activity of the natural compound and that the surface modification with Tf molecules was able to increase the cellular uptake in GBM cells, enhancing their selectivity and decreasing toxicity in healthy cells. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, this work provided guidance for designing brain-targeting delivery systems of natural compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Bravo
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-10 135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; ALiCE - Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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20
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ER and PGR targeting ability of phytocompounds derived from Centella asiatica and Andrographis paniculata: An in-silico approach. J Herb Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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21
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Liu Q, Zang EH, Wang CC, Liu YC, Niu H, Gao Y, Li MH. Dianthi herba: a comprehensive review of its botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. Chin Med 2022; 17:15. [PMID: 35062995 PMCID: PMC8780776 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dianthi herba (called “Qumai” in Chinese) is the dried aerial part of Dianthus superbus L. and Dianthus chinensis L. The species are mainly distributed in the temperate and warm temperate regions in the northern hemisphere, and some regions in Africa and Oceania, as well as South America. However, the distribution pattern of Dianthi herba has not been reviewed. In this review, we summarize the research progress on the botany, traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical applications of Dianthi herba. Approximately 194 chemical compounds have been identified and isolated from Dianthi herba, the most important being triterpenoid saponins, flavonoids, and volatile oil compounds. These compounds possess antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties, inter alia. Further studies should be carried out on Dianthi herba to elucidate more of its active principles and their mechanisms of action.
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22
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Jit BP, Pradhan B, Dash R, Bhuyan PP, Behera C, Behera RK, Sharma A, Alcaraz M, Jena M. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010049. [PMID: 35052553 PMCID: PMC8773162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Rajendra Kumar Behera
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Miguel Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
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23
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Chen T, Zhu C, Wang X, Pan Y, Huang B. Asiatic Acid Encapsulated Exosomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Inhibit Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through Transforming Growth Factor Beta/Smad Signaling Pathway. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2021; 17:2338-2350. [PMID: 34974857 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2021.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in many countries, which accounts for more than 80% of primary liver cancers. Better understanding of the biology of HCC and more therapeutic strategies are urgently needed to improve the current situation. Exosomes, lipid-bound particles derived from cells, have been revealed to play versatile roles in mediating communication between tumor and its microenvironment. Thus, exosomes could act as potential drug delivery systems in cancer treatment. This study aimed to investigate the effect of asiatic acid (AA)-loaded exosomes on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells and clarify the underlying mechanisms. HCC cells were treated with AA-loaded exosomes and cell vitality, migration and invasion were examined. Compared with free AA, AA-loaded exosomes significantly reduced cell vitality, migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). And the inhibition was enhanced as AA concentration went up. Moreover, the expression of proteins involved in EMT and TGF-β/Smad pathway such as TGF-β1, Smad4 and Vimentin were decreased while E-cadherin was up-regulated. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that HCC derived exosomes display as potential drug delivery vehicles in HCC treatment. And AA-loaded exosomes might work by inhibiting EMT through inactivating TGF-β/Smad pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianming Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changhao Zhu
- College of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550000, Guizhou, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Yaozhen Pan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550001, Guizhou, China
| | - Bin Huang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
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24
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Na YR, Jung D, Stakenborg M, Jang H, Gu GJ, Jeong MR, Suh SY, Kim HJ, Kwon YH, Sung TS, Ryoo SB, Park KJ, Im JP, Park JY, Lee YS, Han H, Park B, Lee S, Kim D, Lee HS, Cleynen I, Matteoli G, Seok SH. Prostaglandin E 2 receptor PTGER4-expressing macrophages promote intestinal epithelial barrier regeneration upon inflammation. Gut 2021; 70:2249-2260. [PMID: 33558271 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-322146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysfunctional resolution of intestinal inflammation and altered mucosal healing are essential features in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal macrophages are vital in the process of inflammation resolution, but the mechanisms underlying their mucosal healing capacity remain elusive. DESIGN We investigated the role of the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptor PTGER4 on the differentiation of intestinal macrophages in patients with IBD and mouse models of intestinal inflammation. We studied mucosal healing and intestinal epithelial barrier regeneration in Csf1r-iCre Ptger4fl/fl mice during dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. The effect of PTGER4+ macrophage secreted molecules was investigated on epithelial organoid differentiation. RESULTS Here, we describe a subset of PTGER4-expressing intestinal macrophages with mucosal healing properties both in humans and mice. Csf1r-iCre Ptger4fl/fl mice showed defective mucosal healing and epithelial barrier regeneration in a model of DSS colitis. Mechanistically, an increased mucosal level of PGE2 triggers chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) secretion in monocyte-derived PTGER4+ macrophages via mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). CXCL1 drives epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation from regenerating crypts during colitis. Specific therapeutic targeting of macrophages with liposomes loaded with an MAPK agonist augmented the production of CXCL1 in vivo in conditional macrophage PTGER4-deficient mice, restoring their defective epithelial regeneration and favouring mucosal healing. CONCLUSION PTGER4+ intestinal macrophages are essential for supporting the intestinal stem cell niche and regeneration of the injured epithelium. Our results pave the way for the development of a new class of therapeutic targets to promote macrophage healing functions and favour remission in patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Rang Na
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daun Jung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Stakenborg
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hyeri Jang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyo Jeong Gu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Reu Jeong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Youn Suh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak Jae Kim
- Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hey Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Emergency Medical Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sik Sung
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bum Ryoo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joo Park
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yong Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heonjong Han
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Boyoun Park
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwook Lee
- Division of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesik Kim
- Genome Editing Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Su Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Gianluca Matteoli
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism (CHROMETA), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Hyeok Seok
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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25
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Adtani PN, Narasimhan M, Girija DM. In vitro anticancer activity of a pentacyclic triterpenoid via the mitochondrial pathway in bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2021; 25:313-321. [PMID: 34703127 PMCID: PMC8491335 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.325234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Oral cancer is the most dreadful cancer worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50%. Anticancer therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy result in severe side effects. Aim: We aimed to evaluate the in vitro anticancer activity of Asiatic acid (AA) on bone-invasive oral squamous cell carcinoma (BHY) cell line. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro laboratory setting. Materials and Methods: BHY cell lines were used for the experiment. Confocal microscopy was used to observe cellular alterations. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed to determine the IC50 concentration of AA and flow cytometry to analyze the percentage of cells in each phase of the cell cycle post treatment. Immunoblot assays and semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) were used to study the expression level of genes involved. Statistical Analysis Used: Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. Results: IC50 concentration of AA was 15.6 μM. On flow cytometry analysis, treatment with 15.6 μM and 31.25 μM of AA for 24 h increased the percentage of cells in the G2/M phase to 45.63% and 53.12%, respectively, compared to 9.62% in control group. Immunoblot analysis and semiquantitative rt-PCR demonstrated an upregulation of p53, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p21 and p27), caspase-3, caspase-9, cytochrome c and Bax in a time-dependent manner and downregulation of cyclins and anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 (**P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001 versus control) post AA treatment. Conclusion: AA induces apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent pathway and causes cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase in BHY cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Narain Adtani
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, U.A.E
| | - Malathi Narasimhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dinesh M Girija
- Department of Cell Biology, Research and Development, Vopec Pharmaceuticals Pvt., Ltd., Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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26
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Qian XP, Zhang XH, Sun LN, Xing WF, Wang Y, Sun SY, Ma MY, Cheng ZP, Wu ZD, Xing C, Chen BN, Wang YQ. Corosolic acid and its structural analogs: A systematic review of their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153696. [PMID: 34456116 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The corosolic acid (CA), also known as plant insulin, is a pentacyclic triterpenoid extracted from plants such as Lagerstroemia speciosa. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects. Its structural analogs ursolic acid (UA), oleanolic acid (OA), maslinic acid (MA), asiatic acid (AA) and betulinic acid (BA) display similar individual pharmacological activities to those of CA. However, there is no systematic review documenting pharmacological activities of CA and its structural analogues. This study aims to fill this gap in literature. PURPOSE This systematic review aims to summarize the medical applications of CA and its analogues. METHODS A systematic review summarizes and compares the extraction techniques, pharmacokinetic parameters, and pharmacological effects of CA and its structural analogs. Hypoglycemic effect is one of the key inclusion criteria for searching Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to October 2020 without language restrictions. 'corosolic acid', 'ursolic acid', 'oleanolic acid', 'maslinic acid', 'asiatic acid', 'betulinic acid', 'extraction', 'pharmacokinetic', 'pharmacological' were used to extract relevant literature. The PRISMA guidelines were followed. RESULTS At the end of the searching process, 140 articles were selected for the systematic review. Information of CA and five of its structural analogs including UA, OA, MA, AA and BA were included in this review. CA and its structural analogs are pentacyclic triterpenes extracted from plants and they have low solubilities in water due to their rigid scaffold and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of water-soluble groups such as sugar or amino groups could increase the solubility of CA and its structural analogs. Their biological activities and underlying mechanism of action are reviewed and compared. CONCLUSION CA and its structural analogs UA, OA, MA, AA and BA are demonstrated to show activities in lowering blood sugar, anti-inflammation and anti-tumor. Their oral absorption and bioavailability can be improved through structural modification and formulation design. CA and its structural analogs are promising natural product-based lead compounds for further development and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Ping Qian
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xue-Hui Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu-Ning Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei-Fan Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Yu Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Shi-Yu Sun
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Ma
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zi-Ping Cheng
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Zu-Dong Wu
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Chen Xing
- Nanjing Chenxiang Pharmaceutical Research Co. Ltd
| | - Bei-Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brookhill, Sheffield S3 7HF, United Kingdom.
| | - Yong-Qing Wang
- Research Division of Clinical Pharmacology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University & Jiangsu Province Hospital, Nanjing, China; Department of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China.
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27
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Zhu Z, Cui L, Yang J, Vong CT, Hu Y, Xiao J, Chan G, He Z, Zhong Z. Anticancer effects of asiatic acid against doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells via an AMPK-dependent pathway in vitro. PHYTOMEDICINE 2021; 92:153737. [PMID: 34560519 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Asiatic acid is one of the active compounds isolated from Centella asiatica and has been used to treat many diseases, including hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and cancer. It exhibits anticancer effects in many cancers, such as ovarian, lung and colon cancer; however, its anticancer effects in breast cancer and the underlying mechanism are not fully understood. Chemoresistance is often induced after the use of chemotherapy, and it is a challenging problem in cancer therapy. The effects of asiatic acid on chemoresistance in breast cancer have never been studied. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the anticancer effects of asiatic acid in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cells. METHODS The cells were incubated with asiatic acid at 0-160 μM for 2-24 h. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were evaluated by 3-[4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays. Florescent images were taken using a confocal microscope. P-gp function and apoptosis assays were performed using flow cytometry. Caspase activity was measured with the Caspase-Glo™ Assay System. The phosphorylation and expression of relevant proteins were assessed by western blots. Molecular docking was performed and scored by AutoDock. Cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) was applied for experimental valuation. RESULTS Our data demonstrated that asiatic acid induced cell death in multiple ways, including reactive oxygen species production, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content reduction, and adaptive immunity balance via intrinsic apoptosis, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and indirect nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) transcriptional pathways, using experimental validation and in silico analysis. Moreover, asiatic acid also enhanced the sensitivity of doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells to doxorubicin by improving P-glycoprotein (P-gp) function. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that asiatic acid has strong anticancer effects to reverse multidrug resistance and could be developed as a promising adjuvant drug for the treatment of chemoresistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Zhu
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Liao Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Chi Teng Vong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Yuanjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Ging Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- China-America Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhangfeng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China.
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28
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Actions and Therapeutic Potential of Madecassoside and Other Major Constituents of Centella asiatica: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Centella asiatica is a popular herb well-known for its wide range of therapeutic effects and its use as a folk medicine for many years. Its therapeutic properties have been well correlated with the presence of asiaticoside, madecassoside, asiatic and madecassic acids, the pentacyclic triterpenes. The herb has been extensively known to treat skin conditions; nevertheless, several pre-clinical and clinical studies have scientifically demonstrated its effectiveness in other disorders. Among the active constituents that have been identified in Centella asiatica, madecassoside has been the subject of only a relatively small number of scientific reports. Therefore, this review, while including other major constituents of this plant, focuses on the therapeutic potential, pharmacokinetics and toxicity of madecassoside.
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29
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Ursolic Acid and Related Analogues: Triterpenoids with Broad Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081161. [PMID: 34439409 PMCID: PMC8388988 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA) is a well-studied natural pentacyclic triterpenoid found in herbs, fruit and a number of traditional Chinese medicinal plants. UA has a broad range of biological activities and numerous potential health benefits. In this review, we summarize the current data on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of UA and review the literature on the biological activities of UA and its closest analogues in the context of inflammation, metabolic diseases, including liver and kidney diseases, obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. We end with a brief overview of UA’s main analogues with a special focus on a newly discovered naturally occurring analogue with intriguing biological properties and potential health benefits, 23-hydroxy ursolic acid.
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30
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Li J, Chen K, Huang J, Chu D, Tian M, Huang K, Ma C. Asiatic Acid Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Activates the Grp78/IRE1α/JNK and Calpain Pathways to Inhibit Tongue Cancer Growth. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690612. [PMID: 34122116 PMCID: PMC8187906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) has been shown to induce apoptotic death in a range of cancers, but the mechanisms whereby it can inhibit tongue cancer growth have yet to be clarified. Herein, we explored the effects of AA on tongue cancer cells and found that it induced their apoptotic death in vitro and in vivo, while additionally impairing xenograft tumor growth in vivo. From a mechanistic perspective, AA treatment was associated with increases in levels of calcium and the calcium- dependent protease calpain, and it further induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and consequent Grp78-related IRE1α and JNK phosphorylation, ultimately driving caspase-3 activation and apoptotic death. Together, these results highlight AA as a promising tool for the therapeutic treatment of tongue cancer in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialin Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Kan Chen
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Huang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Dongqing Chu
- Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Tian
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China.,Graduated School of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Keqiang Huang
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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31
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Fang M, Wan W, Li Q, Wan W, Long Y, Liu H, Yang X. Asiatic acid attenuates diabetic retinopathy through TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 mediated modulation of microglia polarization. Life Sci 2021; 277:119567. [PMID: 33965378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Asiatic acid (AA), a naturally occurring compound of pentacyclic triterpenoid, on the pathological processes of diabetic retinopathy (DR). METHODS SD rats were induced to develop early DR by intraperitoneal injection of STZ (60 mg/kg). Four weeks after injection, the diabetic rats were orally administrated with 37.5 mg/kg or 75 mg/kg AA every day for four weeks. The integrity of blood-retinal barrier (BRB) was measured by Evans blue staining. The polarization of microglia was determined by real-time PCR, western blot, and ELISA assays. The inner BRB (iBRB) or outer BRB (oBRB) breakdown was induced in human retinal endothelial cells or APRE19 cells through co-culture with high glucose and LPS-stimulated microglia BV2 cells. The damage to the iBRB and oBRB was measured using transendothelial/transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER/TER) and FITC-conjugated dextran cell permeability assays. KEY FINDINGS Results demonstrated that AA alleviated BRB breakdown, as evidenced by decreased protein expression of occludin, claudin-5, and ZO-1. Furthermore, AA treatment suppressed inflammation and M1 polarization, while it increased M2 polarization in the retina of DR rats. In vitro, the iBRB or oBRB breakdown was alleviated by AA. LPS-induced M1-polarization of BV2 cells under high glucose condition was also repressed through AA administration. Finally, we demonstrated that AA weakened the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro. SIGNIFICANCE AA ameliorated early DR by regulating microglia polarization via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB p65 pathway. These data indicate that AA is a potential candidate for DR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyuan Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wencui Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiuming Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Weiwei Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yang Long
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 450052 Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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32
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Islam MT, Ali ES, Uddin SJ, Khan IN, Shill MC, de Castro E Sousa JM, de Alencar MVOB, Melo-Cavalcante AAC, Mubarak MS. Anti-Cancer Effects of Asiatic Acid, a Triterpene from Centilla asiatica L: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:536-547. [PMID: 31823705 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191211103006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centilla asiatica L is a medicinal herb that has been widely used in folk medicine to treat various diseases. Asiatic Acid (AA), a triterpene and a known component of this herb, has been shown to display important biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic, neuroprotective, anxiolytic and antidepressant, hepatoprotective, pancreas protective, and cardio- protective. OBJECTIVE This review focuses on AA's anti-cancer effects on the basis of published literature found in a number of databases such as PubMed and Science Direct. Emphasis has been given to the mechanisms of action of its anti-cancer effect. METHODS A literature survey was conducted using known databases such as PubMed and Science Direct using the keywords 'Asiatic acid', pairing with 'cancer', 'tumor', 'anti-cancer effect', 'cytotoxic effect', 'anti-tumor activity', 'cell line', 'animal cancer', and 'human cancer'. RESULTS Findings suggest that AA exerts anti-cancer effects in several test systems through various pathways, including oxidative/antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, apoptotic cell death, necrosis, anti-angiogenesis, inhibition of proliferation and cell migration, and chemoprevention. CONCLUSION AA may be an effective plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agent and a promising lead for the development of potent anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad T Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City-700000, Vietnam
| | - Eunus S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals Limited, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.,College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park-5042, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Shaikh J Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna-9208, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
| | - Manik C Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - João M de Castro E Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Picos, Piauí, 64 067-670, Brazil
| | | | - Ana A C Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, 64 049-550, Brazil
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33
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Ribeiro AB, Ozelin SD, da Silva LHD, Rinaldi-Neto F, Freitas KS, Nicolella HD, de Souza LDR, Furtado RA, Cunha WR, Tavares DC. Influence of Asiatic acid on cell proliferation and DNA damage in vitro and in vivo systems. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22712. [PMID: 33484013 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a triterpene with promising pharmacological activity. In the present study, in vitro and in vivo assays were conducted to understand the effect of AA on cell proliferation and genomic instability. AA was cytotoxic to human tumor cell lines (M059J, HeLa, and MCF-7), with IC50 values ranging from 13.91 to 111.72 µM. In the case of M059J, AA exhibited selective cytotoxicity after 48 h of treatment (IC50 = 24 µM), decreasing the percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, increasing the percentage of cells in the S phase, and inducing apoptosis. A significant increase in chromosomal damage was observed in V79 cell cultures treated with AA (40 µM), revealing genotoxic activity. In contrast, low concentrations (5, 10, and 20 µM) of AA significantly reduced the frequencies of micronuclei induced by the mutagens doxorubicin (DXR), methyl methanesulfonate, and hydrogen peroxide. A reduction of DXR-induced intracellular free radicals was found in V79 cells treated with AA (10 µM). The antigenotoxic effect of AA (30 mg/kg) was also observed against DXR-induced chromosomal damage in Swiss mice. Significant reductions in p53 levels were verified in the liver tissue of these animals. Taken together, the data indicate that AA exerted antiproliferative activity in M059J tumor cells, which is probably related to the induction of DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Additionally, low concentrations of AA exhibited antigenotoxic effects and its antioxidant activity may be responsible, at least in part, for chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur B Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Saulo D Ozelin
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas H D da Silva
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Karoline S Freitas
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heloiza D Nicolella
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo A Furtado
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Denise C Tavares
- Laboratório de Mutagênese, Universidade de Franca, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
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Şoica C, Voicu M, Ghiulai R, Dehelean C, Racoviceanu R, Trandafirescu C, Roșca OJ, Nistor G, Mioc M, Mioc A. Natural Compounds in Sex Hormone-Dependent Cancers: The Role of Triterpenes as Therapeutic Agents. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 11:612396. [PMID: 33552000 PMCID: PMC7859451 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.612396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex hormone-dependent cancers currently contribute to the high number of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The study and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of these tumors was a double-edged sword, leading to the expansion and development of new treatment options, with the cost of triggering more aggressive, therapy resistant relapses. The interaction of androgen, estrogen and progesterone hormones with specific receptors (AR, ER, PR) has emerged as a key player in the development and progression of breast, ovarian, prostate and endometrium cancers. Sex hormone-dependent cancers share a common and rather unique carcinogenesis mechanism involving the active role of endogenous and exogenous sex hormones to maintain high mitotic rates and increased cell proliferation thus increasing the probability of aberrant gene occurrence and accumulation highly correlated with abnormal cell division and the occurrence of malignant phenotypes. Cancer related hormone therapy has evolved, currently being associated with the blockade of other signaling pathways often associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression in cancers, with promising results. However, despite the established developments, there are still several shortcomings to be addressed. Triterpenes are natural occurring secondary metabolites biosynthesized by various pathways starting from squalene cyclization. Due to their versatile therapeutic potential, including the extensively researched antiproliferative effect, these compounds are most definitely a cornerstone in the research and development of new natural/semisynthetic anticancer therapies. The present work thoroughly describes the ongoing research related to the antitumor activity of triterpenes in sex hormone-dependent cancers. Also, the current review highlights both the biological activity of various triterpenoid compounds and their featured mechanisms of action correlated with important chemical structural features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Codruţa Şoica
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Mirela Voicu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Ghiulai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Roxana Racoviceanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Trandafirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Oana-Janina Roșca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Pius Brinzeu Timisoara City Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Gabriela Nistor
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Marius Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Alexandra Mioc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
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Zulkipli NN, Zakaria R, Long I, Abdullah SF, Muhammad EF, Wahab HA, Sasongko TH. In Silico Analyses and Cytotoxicity Study of Asiaticoside and Asiatic Acid from Malaysian Plant as Potential mTOR Inhibitors. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173991. [PMID: 32887218 PMCID: PMC7504803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural products remain a popular alternative treatment for many ailments in various countries. This study aimed to screen for potential mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors from Malaysian natural substance, using the Natural Product Discovery database, and to determine the IC50 of the selected mTOR inhibitors against UMB1949 cell line. The crystallographic structure of the molecular target (mTOR) was obtained from Protein Data Bank, with Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID: 4DRI. Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, was used as a standard compound for the comparative analysis. Computational docking approach was performed, using AutoDock Vina (screening) and AutoDock 4.2.6 (analysis). Based on our analysis, asiaticoside and its derivative, asiatic acid, both from Centella asiatica, revealed optimum-binding affinities with mTOR that were comparable to our standard compound. The effect of asiaticoside and asiatic acid on mTOR inhibition was validated with UMB1949 cell line, and their IC50 values were 300 and 60 µM, respectively, compared to everolimus (29.5 µM). Interestingly, this is the first study of asiaticoside and asiatic acid against tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) disease model by targeting mTOR. These results, coupled with our in silico findings, should prompt further studies, to clarify the mode of action, safety, and efficacy of these compounds as mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninie Nadia Zulkipli
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Rahimah Zakaria
- School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +60-9-7676156 (R.Z.)
| | - Idris Long
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Siti Fadilah Abdullah
- School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia;
| | - Erma Fatiha Muhammad
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Habibah A. Wahab
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: (R.Z.); (H.A.W.); Tel.: +60-9-7676156 (R.Z.)
| | - Teguh Haryo Sasongko
- School of Medicine, Perdana University-RCSI, Jalan MAEPS Perdana, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
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Asiatic Acid, Extracted from Centella asiatica and Induces Apoptosis Pathway through the Phosphorylation p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Cisplatin-Resistant Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020184. [PMID: 31991751 PMCID: PMC7072674 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an important issue in Asia because of its unique geographical and ethnic distribution. Cisplatin-based regimens are commonly the first-line used chemotherapy, but resistance and toxicities remain a problem. Therefore, the use of anticancer agents derived from natural products may be a solution. Asiatic acid (AA), extracted from Centella asiatica, was found to have anticancer activity in various cancers. The aim of this study is to examine the cytotoxic effect and mediated mechanism of AA in cisplatin-resistant NPC cells. The results shows that AA significantly reduce the cell viability of cisplatin-resistant NPC cell lines (cis NPC-039 and cis NPC-BM) in dose and time dependent manners caused by apoptosis through the both intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways, including altered mitochondrial membrane potential, activated death receptors, increased Bax expression, and upregulated caspase 3, 8, and 9. The Western blot analysis of AA-treated cell lines reveals that the phosphorylation of MAPK pathway proteins is involved. Further, the results of adding inhibitors of these proteins indicates that the phosphorylation of p38 are the key mediators in AA-induced apoptosis in cisplatin-resistant human NPC cells. This is the first study to demonstrate the AA-induced apoptotic pathway through the phosphorylation p38 in human cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma. AA is expected to be another therapeutic option for cisplatin-resistant NPC because of the promising anti-cancer effect and fewer toxic properties.
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Zhao P, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Wang S, Yin L. Preparation and evaluation of PEGylated asiatic acid nanostructured lipid carriers on anti-fibrosis effects. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2020; 46:57-69. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1701002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunli Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shenghao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Yin
- Institute of Materia Medica, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, China
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González Mera IF, González Falconí DE, Morera Córdova V. Secondary metabolites in plants: main classes, phytochemical analysis and pharmacological activities. BIONATURA 2019. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2019.04.04.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants are an essential source of chemical compounds with different biological properties that man can use to his advantage. These substances are mainly produced as a result of chemical conversions of secondary metabolism. This article reviews the main classes of secondary metabolites that synthesize plants as well as their characteristics and their biological functions. Examples are provided for each of the classes. Emphasis is placed on the methods of extracting secondary metabolites and phytochemical screening, as well as on the main pharmacological activities described for the MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Francesca González Mera
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Estefanía González Falconí
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Vivian Morera Córdova
- Yachay Experimental Technology Research University. School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering. San Miguel de Urcuquí. Hacienda San José s/n. Imbabura, Ecuador
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Cortese K, Marconi S, D'Alesio C, Calzia D, Panfoli I, Tavella S, Aiello C, Pedrelli F, Bisio A, Castagnola P. The novel diterpene 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone from Salvia corrugata shows complex cytotoxic activities against human breast epithelial cells. Life Sci 2019; 232:116610. [PMID: 31254584 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was the characterization of the in vitro cytotoxic properties of a recently isolated diterpene compound, 7β-acetoxy-20-hydroxy-19,20-epoxyroyleanone (compound 1), extracted from Salvia corrugata, versus human cell lines. MAIN METHODS We used as model study immortalized breast epithelial cells MCF10A and two ERBB2+ breast cancer (BCa) cell lines, SKBR-3 and BT474. Compound 1 was isolated by methanolic extraction from regenerated shoots of Salvia corrugata Vahl, and purified by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Flow cytometry (FCM) was employed for cell cycle, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) analysis. Cell morphology was assessed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). KEY FINDINGS Compound 1 inhibited cell survival of all breast cell lines. In particular, compound 1 promoted cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis along with impairment of the mitochondrial function, which was reflected in a gross alteration of the mitochondrial network structure. Furthermore, we also detected a potent activation of the ERK1/2 kinase, which suggested the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Partial rescue of survival obtained with n-acetylcysteine (NAC) when coadminstered with compound 1 further supported a contribution of ROS mediated mechanisms to the growth-arrest and proapoptotic activity of compound 1 in both BCa cell lines. ROS production was indeed confirmed in SKBR-3. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show that compound 1 has a cytotoxic activity against both human normal and cancer cell lines derived from breast epithelia, which is mediated by ROS generation and mitochondrial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Cortese
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Silvia Marconi
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Carolina D'Alesio
- DiMI, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Daniela Calzia
- DIFAR, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Isabella Panfoli
- DIFAR, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Sara Tavella
- DIMES, Department of Experimental Medicine, Human Anatomy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cinzia Aiello
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Angela Bisio
- DIFAR, Department of Pharmacy, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Patrizio Castagnola
- Department of Integrated Oncological Therapies, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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Asiatic Acid Attenuated Aluminum Chloride-Induced Tau Pathology, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis Via AKT/GSK-3β Signaling Pathway in Wistar Rats. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:955-968. [PMID: 30671870 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-9999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA), a triterpenoid present in Centella asiatica, possesses the ability to cross blood brain barrier and received considerable attention for its neuroprotective role. We have reported the benefit of AA against aluminum chloride (AlCl3)-induced amyloid pathology, enhanced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and inflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) like model rats. Based on that, to find the exact mechanism of action of AA, the present study was designed to evaluate the oxidative stress, tau pathology, apoptosis, and Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway on AlCl3-induced neurotoxicity in Wistar rats. AD-like pathology was induced by oral administration of AlCl3 (100 mg/kg b.w.) for 6 weeks, which demonstrated a significant reduction in spatial memory performance, anxiety, and motor dysfunction and diminished the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK 5-enzyme implicated in the phosphorylation of tau proteins), pTau, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, whereas oral ingestion of AA (75 mg/kg b.w.) for 7 weeks attenuated the above-said indices, which could be by activating Akt/GSK3β pathway. Current results suggested that AA could be able to modulate various pathological features of AD and could hold promise in AD treatment.
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23-Hydroxyursolic Acid Isolated from the Stem Bark of Cussonia bancoensis Induces Apoptosis through Fas/Caspase-8-Dependent Pathway in HL-60 Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123306. [PMID: 30551620 PMCID: PMC6321063 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product 23-hydroxyursolic acid (23-HUA) is a derivative of ursolic acid, which is known to induce cancer cell apoptosis. However, apoptotic effects and mechanisms of 23-HUA have not been well characterized yet. Herein, we investigated the molecular mechanisms of 23-HUA-induced apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. 23-HUA-treated HL-60 cells showed apoptotic features including internucleosomal DNA condensation and fragmentation as well as externalization of phosphatidylserine residues. 23-HUA induced a series of mitochondrial events including disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), cytochrome c and Smac/DIABLO release and loss of balance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 proteins in HL-60 cells. In addition, 23-HUA activated caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3. Pretreatment with a broad caspase inhibitor (z-VAD-fmk), a caspase-3 inhibitor (z-DEVD-fmk), and a caspase-8 inhibitor (z-IETD-fmk) significantly attenuated 23-HUA-induced DNA fragmentation. After 23-HUA-induced apoptosis, proteins expression levels of FasL, Fas and FADD constituting the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) were upregulated in HL-60 cells. Moreover, transfection with Fas or FADD siRNA significantly blocked 23-HUA-induced DNA fragmentation and caspases activation. Taken together, these findings indicate that 23-HUA induces apoptosis in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells through formation of DISC and caspase-8 activation leading to loss of ΔΨm and caspase-3 activation.
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Takami M, Cunha C, Motohashi S, Nakayama T, Iwashima M. TGF-β suppresses RasGRP1 expression and supports regulatory T cell resistance against p53-induced CD28-dependent T-cell apoptosis. Eur J Immunol 2018; 48:1938-1943. [PMID: 30298904 PMCID: PMC6368088 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thymus-derived regulatory T cells (tTregs) play pivotal roles in immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. A majority of tTregs are reactive to self-antigens and are constantly exposed to antigenic stimulation. Despite this continuous stimulation, tTreg and conventional T-cell populations remain balanced during homeostasis, but the mechanisms controlling this balance are unknown. We previously reported a form of activation-induced cell death, which is dependent on p53 (p53-induced CD28-dependent T-cell apoptosis, PICA). Under PICA-inducing conditions, tTregs survive while a majority of conventional T cells undergo apoptosis, suggesting there is a survival mechanism that protects tTregs. Here, we report that the expression of RasGRP1 (Ras guanyl-releasing protein 1) is required for PICA, as conventional T cells isolated from RasGRP1-deficient mice become resistant to PICA. After continuous stimulation, tTregs express a substantially lower amount of RasGRP1 compared to conventional T cells. This reduced expression of RasGRP1 is dependent on TGF-β, as addition of TGF-β to conventional T cells reduces RasGRP1 expression. Conversely, RasGRP1 expression in tTregs increases when TGF-β signaling is inhibited. Together, these data show that RasGRP1 expression is repressed in tTregs by TGF-β signaling and suggests that reduced RasGRP1 expression is critical for tTregs to resist apoptosis caused by continuous antigen exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Takami
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Van Kampen Cardio Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Immunology, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Christina Cunha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Toshinori Nakayama
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Makio Iwashima
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Van Kampen Cardio Pulmonary Research Laboratory, Loyola University, Chicago, IL, USA
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Chen M, Yin X, Lu C, Chen X, Ba H, Cai J, Sun J. Mahanine induces apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of cell migration, invasion and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway in glioma cells and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Chem Biol Interact 2018; 299:1-7. [PMID: 30468732 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2018.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most frequent types of primary malignancies in the central nervous system. The main treatment for glioma includes surgical resection followed by a combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Despite the availability of several treatments, the average survival for patients with glioma at advanced stages still remains 16 months only. Therefore, there is an urgent need to look for novel and more efficient drug candidates for the treatment of glioma. In the current study the anticancer activity of Mahanine was evaluated against a panel of glioma cells. The results revealed that Mahanine exerted significant anticancer effects on the glioma HS 683 cells with an IC50 of 7.5 μM. However, the cytotoxic effects were less pronounced on the normal human astrocytes. Further the results showed that the anticancer effects were mainly due to induction of apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Western blotting showed that Mahanine caused upregulation of Bax, cytochrome c, cleaved caspase 3 and 9 and cleaved PARP. However, the expression of cell cycle related proteins pCdc25c, Cdc25c, pCdc2, Cdc2 and cyclin B1 was significantly downregulated. The effect of Mahanine on the migration and invasion of HS 683 cells was also determined and results indicated that Mahanine inhibited the cell migration and invasion at IC50. Additionally, Mahanine-inhibited cell growth was simultaneous with suppression of p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-mTOR. Taken together these results indicate that Mahanine may prove to be an important lead molecule for the treatment of glioma and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maohua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiangqian Yin
- Department of Oncology, Wuhan Huangpi People's Hospital, 430300 , Wuhan, China
| | - Chuan Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Xiandong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Huajun Ba
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jianyong Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.
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Fard SE, Tafvizi F, Torbati MB. Silver nanoparticles biosynthesised using Centella asiatica leaf extract: apoptosis induction in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. IET Nanobiotechnol 2018; 12:994-1002. [PMID: 30247143 PMCID: PMC8676233 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2018.5069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to green synthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Centella asiatica leaf extract and investigate the cytotoxic and apoptosis-inducing effects of these nanoparticles in MCF-7 breast cancer cell line. The characteristics and morphology of the green synthesised AgNPs were evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The MTT assay was used to investigate the anti-proliferative activity of biosynthesised nanoparticles in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis test was performed using flow cytometry and expression of caspase 3 and 9 genes. The spherical AgNPs with an average size of 19.17 nm were synthesised. The results showed that biosynthesised AgNPs exhibited cytotoxicity, anti-cancer, apoptosis induction, and increased expression of genes encoding for caspases 3 and 9 in MCF-7 cancer cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It seems that green synthesised AgNPs have potential uses for pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Edalat Fard
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Tafvizi
- Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran.
| | - Maryam Bikhof Torbati
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Structure-Based Classification and Anti-Cancer Effects of Plant Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092651. [PMID: 30200668 PMCID: PMC6163735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A variety of malignant cancers affect the global human population. Although a wide variety of approaches to cancer treatment have been studied and used clinically (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy), the toxic side effects of cancer therapies have a negative impact on patients and impede progress in conquering cancer. Plant metabolites are emerging as new leads for anti-cancer drug development. This review summarizes these plant metabolites with regard to their structures and the types of cancer against which they show activity, organized by the organ or tissues in which each cancer forms. This information will be helpful for understanding the current state of knowledge of the anti-cancer effects of various plant metabolites against major types of cancer for the further development of novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Nagoor Meeran MF, Goyal SN, Suchal K, Sharma C, Patil CR, Ojha SK. Pharmacological Properties, Molecular Mechanisms, and Pharmaceutical Development of Asiatic Acid: A Pentacyclic Triterpenoid of Therapeutic Promise. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:892. [PMID: 30233358 PMCID: PMC6131672 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Asiatic acid (AA) is a naturally occurring aglycone of ursane type pentacyclic triterpenoids. It is abundantly present in many edible and medicinal plants including Centella asiatica that is a reputed herb in many traditional medicine formulations for wound healing and neuropsychiatric diseases. AA possesses numerous pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and regulates apoptosis that attributes its therapeutic effects in numerous diseases. AA showed potent antihypertensive, nootropic, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial, and antitumor activities in preclinical studies. In various in vitro and in vivo studies, AA found to affect many enzymes, receptors, growth factors, transcription factors, apoptotic proteins, and cell signaling cascades. This review aims to represent the available reports on therapeutic potential and the underlying pharmacological and molecular mechanisms of AA. The review also also discusses the challenges and prospects on the pharmaceutical development of AA such as pharmacokinetics, physicochemical properties, analysis and structural modifications, and drug delivery. AA showed favorable pharmacokinetics and found bioavailable following oral or interaperitoneal administration. The studies demonstrate the polypharmacological properties, therapeutic potential and molecular mechanisms of AA in numerous diseases. Taken together the evidences from available studies, AA appears one of the important multitargeted polypharmacological agents of natural origin for further pharmaceutical development and clinical application. Provided the favorable pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacy, AA can be a promising agent or adjuvant along with currently used modern medicines with a pharmacological basis of its use in therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Fizur Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kapil Suchal
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Meicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chandragouda R. Patil
- Department of Pharmacology, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Shreesh K. Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Lian GY, Wang QM, Tang PMK, Zhou S, Huang XR, Lan HY. Combination of Asiatic Acid and Naringenin Modulates NK Cell Anti-cancer Immunity by Rebalancing Smad3/Smad7 Signaling. Mol Ther 2018; 26:2255-2266. [PMID: 30017880 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a promoting role in tumor growth via a mechanism associated with hyperactive Smad3 and suppressed Smad7 signaling in the tumor microenvironment. We report that retrieving the balance between Smad3 and Smad7 signaling with asiatic acid (AA, a Smad7 inducer) and naringenin (NG, a Smad3 inhibitor) effectively inhibited tumor progression in mouse models of invasive melanoma (B16F10) and lung carcinoma (LLC) by promoting natural killer (NK) cell development and cytotoxicity against cancer. Mechanistically, we found that Smad3 physically bound Id2 and IRF2 to suppress NK cell production and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity against cancer. Treatment with AA and NG greatly inhibited Smad3 translation and phosphorylation while it restored Smad7 expression, and, therefore, it largely promoted NK cell differentiation, maturation, and cytotoxicity against cancer via Id2/IRF2-associated mechanisms. In contrast, silencing Id2 or IRF2 blunted the protective effects of AA and NG on NK cell-dependent anti-cancer activities. Thus, treatment with AA and NG produced an additive effect on inactivating TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling, and, therefore, it suppressed melanoma and lung carcinoma growth by promoting NK cell immunity against cancer via a mechanism associated with Id2 and IRF2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Lian
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing-Ming Wang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Ru Huang
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hui-Yao Lan
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Jing Y, Wang G, Xiao Q, Zhou Y, Wei Y, Gong Z. Antiangiogenic effects of AA-PMe on HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Onco Targets Ther 2018; 11:1871-1884. [PMID: 29670362 PMCID: PMC5894717 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s157747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a vital role in many physiological and pathological processes and several diseases are connected with its dysregulation. Asiatic acid (AA) has demonstrated anticancer properties and we suspect this might be attributable to an effect on angio-genesis. A modified derivative of AA, N-(2α,3β,23-acetoxyurs-12-en-28-oyl)-L-proline methyl ester (AA-PMe), has improved efficacy over its parent compound, but its effect on blood vessel development remains unclear. Methods In this study, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of AA and AA-PMe in zebrafish embryos and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). First of all, we treated HUVECs with increasing concentrations of AA-PMe or AA, with or without vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) present, and assessed cell viability, tube formation, and cell migration and invasion. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were later used to determine the role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-mediated signaling in AA-PMe inhibition of angiogenesis. We extended these studies to follow angiogenesis using Tg(fli:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos. For these experiments, embryos were treated with varying concentrations of AA-PMe or AA from 24 to 72 hours postfertilization prior to morphological observation, angiogenesis assessment, and endogenous alkaline phosphatase assay. VEGFR2 expression in whole embryos following AA-PMe treatment was also determined. Results We found AA-PMe decreased cell viability and inhibited migration and tube formation in a dose-dependent manner in HUVECs. Similarly, AA-PMe disrupted the formation of intersegmental vessels, the dorsal aorta, and the posterior cardinal vein in zebrafish embryos. Both in vitro and in vivo AA-PMe surpassed AA in its ability to block angiogenesis by suppressing VEGF-induced phosphorylation of VEGFR2 and disrupting downstream extracellular regulated protein kinase and AKT signaling. Conclusion For the first time, this study reveals that AA-PMe acts as a potent VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor and exerts powerful antiangiogenic activity, suggesting it to be a promising therapeutic candidate for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Jing
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Central Laboratory of Stomatology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yachun Zhou
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Oral Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhunan Gong
- Center for New Drug Research and Development, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Hao Y, Huang J, Ma Y, Chen W, Fan Q, Sun X, Shao M, Cai H. Asiatic acid inhibits proliferation, migration and induces apoptosis by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway in human colon carcinoma cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8223-8230. [PMID: 29805556 PMCID: PMC5950025 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that asiatic acid (AA), the major component of Centella asiatica, is able to meditate cytotoxic and anticancer effects on various types of carcinoma cells. In order to investigate the molecular mechanism that underlies the antitumor effect of AA, the present study investigated the effects of AA on proliferation, migration and apoptosis of SW480 and HCT116 colon cancer cells. Viability and changes in cell morphology in the cells were assessed by MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. Colony formation analysis was used to observe proliferation of the single cell, and migratory ability of the cells was assessed by performing Transwell migration assay. Hoechst 33342 nuclear staining and flow cytometry were used to assess apoptosis in colon carcinoma cells. The expression of proteins associated with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)/p70S6K signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker were analyzed by western blotting. The present study revealed that proliferation and migration of colon carcinoma cells were inhibited by AA in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Numerous apoptotic bodies were observed, and G2/M and S phase progression were delayed in colon cancer cells treated with AA, but not in the control group. A number of phosphorylated proteins, including PI3K, Akt (Ser473), mTOR, ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) downregulated, while the expression of Pdcd4 was upregulated following treatment with AA. Additionally, AA affects expression of EMT markers in a dose-dependent manner. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that AA inhibited proliferation, migration and induced apoptosis of colon cancer cells by regulating Pdcd4 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K signaling pathway. These observations suggest that AA may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of colon carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajuan Hao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jiawei Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yun Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wancheng Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Qin Fan
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xuegang Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Meng Shao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
| | - Hongbing Cai
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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Li X, Shang E, Dong Q, Li Y, Zhang J, Xu S, Zhao Z, Shao W, Lv C, Zheng Y, Wang H, Lei X, Zhu B, Zhang Z. Small molecules capable of activating DNA methylation-repressed genes targeted by the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7423-7436. [PMID: 29559556 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation is crucial for developmental and disease processes, including cell differentiation and cancer development. Genes repressed by DNA methylation can be derepressed by various compounds that target DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and other regulatory factors. However, some additional, unknown mechanisms that promote DNA methylation-mediated gene silencing may exist. Chemical agents that can counteract the effects of epigenetic repression that is not regulated by DNA methyltransferases or histone deacetylases therefore may be of research interest. Here, we report the results of a high-throughput screen using a 308,251-member chemical library to identify potent small molecules that derepress an EGFP reporter gene silenced by DNA methylation. Seven hit compounds were identified that did not directly target bulk DNA methylation or histone acetylation. Analyzing the effect of these compounds on endogenous gene expression, we discovered that three of these compounds (compounds LX-3, LX-4, and LX-5) selectively activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and derepress a subset of endogenous genes repressed by DNA methylation. Selective agonists of the p38 pathway have been lacking, and our study now provides critical compounds for studying this pathway and p38 MAPK-targeted genes repressed by DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Erchang Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yingfeng Li
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China; Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shaohua Xu
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zuodong Zhao
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Wei Shao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Cong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yong Zheng
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hailin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Synthetic and Functional Biomolecules Center, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bing Zhu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China; National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Zhuqiang Zhang
- National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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