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Awasthi BP, Chaudhary P, Lim D, Yadav K, Lee IH, Banskota S, Chaudhary CL, Karmacharya U, Lee J, Im SM, Nam Y, Eun JW, Lee S, Lee JM, Kim ES, Ryou C, Kim TH, Park HD, Kim JA, Nam TG, Jeong BS. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Mucosal Healing Activity of a Trimethylpyridinol Analogue in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:10601-10621. [PMID: 38896548 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by abnormal immune responses, including elevated proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. This study presents the synthesis and anti-inflammatory evaluation of 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ol analogues, which exhibit dual inhibition of TNFα- and IL-6-induced inflammation. Analysis using in silico methods, including 3D shape-based target identification, modeling, and docking, identified G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) as the molecular target for the most effective analogue, 6-26, which exhibits remarkable efficacy in ameliorating inflammation and restoring colonic mucosal integrity. This was further validated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay results, which showed direct binding to GPER, and by the results showing that GPER knockdown abolished the inhibitory effects of 6-26 on TNFα and IL-6 actions. Notably, 6-26 displayed no cytotoxicity, unlike G1 and G15, a well-known GPER agonist and an antagonist, respectively, which induced necroptosis independently of GPER. These findings suggest that the GPER-selective compound 6-26 holds promise as a therapeutic candidate for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Prasad Awasthi
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchul Lim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiran Yadav
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Iyn-Hyang Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Ujjwala Karmacharya
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - So Myoung Im
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - YeonJu Nam
- Bio Industry Department, Gyeonggido Business & Science Accelerator, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Eun
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungeun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Cell & Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Chongsuk Ryou
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hun Kim
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Dong Park
- Innovo Therapeutics Inc., Daeduck Biz Center C-313, 17 Techno 4-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34013, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hanyang University ERICA, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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van Gaal RC, Vrehen AF, van Sprang JF, Fransen PPKH, van Turnhout MC, Dankers PYW. Biomaterial screening of protein coatings and peptide additives: towards a simple synthetic mimic of a complex natural coating for a bio-artificial kidney. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:2209-2220. [PMID: 33506836 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01930e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bio-artificial kidneys require conveniently synthesized membranes providing signals that regulate renal epithelial cell function. Therefore, we aimed to find synthetic analogues for natural extracellular matrix (ECM) protein coatings traditionally used for epithelial cell culturing. Two biomaterial libraries, based on natural ECM-coatings and on synthetic supramolecular small molecule additives, were developed. The base material consisted of a bisurea (BU) containing polymer, providing supramolecular BU-additives to be incorporated via specific hydrogen bonding interactions. This system allows for a modular approach and therefore easy fractional factorial based screening. A natural coating on the BU-polymer material with basement membrane proteins, laminin and collagen IV, combined with catechols was shown to induce renal epithelial monolayer formation. Modification of the BU-polymer material with synthetic BU-modified ECM peptide additives did not result in monolayer formation. Unexpectedly, simple BU-catechol additives induced monolayer formation and presented similar levels of epithelial markers and apical transporter function as on the laminin, collagen IV and catechol natural coating. Importantly, when this BU-polymer material was processed into fibrous e-spun membranes the natural coating and the BU-catechol additive were shown to perfectly function. This study clearly indicates that complex natural ECM-coatings can be replaced by simple synthetic additives, and displays the potency of material libraries based on design of experiments in combination with modular, supramolecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald C van Gaal
- Laboratory for Cell and Tissue Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Enhancing Intestinal Absorption of a Model Macromolecule via the Paracellular Pathway using E-Cadherin Peptides. J Pharm Sci 2020; 110:2139-2148. [PMID: 33359310 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane permeation enhancers have received significant attention in recent years for enabling the oral absorption of poorly permeable drug molecules. In this study, we investigated the ability of His-Ala-Val (HAV) and Ala-Asp-Thr (ADT) peptides derived from the extracellular-1 (EC1) domain of E-cadherin proteins to increase the paracellular permeation and intestinal bioavailability of the poorly permeable model macromolecule, fluorescein-isothiocyanate dextran with average molecular weight 4000 (FD4). The in vitro enzymatic stability of linear and cyclic E-cadherin peptides was characterized under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions, and the cyclic E-cadherin peptides, HAVN1 and ADTC5, which demonstrated excellent stability in vitro, were advanced to in vivo intestinal instillation studies and compared against the established surfactant membrane permeation enhancer, sodium caprate (C10). Cyclic HAVN1 and ADTC5 peptides increased FD4 bioavailability by 7.2- and 4.4-fold compared to control, respectively (not statistically significant). In contrast, C10 provided a statistically significant 10.7-fold relative bioavailability enhancement for FD4. Importantly, this study represents the first report of cyclic E-cadherin peptides as intestinal membrane permeation enhancers. The findings described herein demonstrate the potential of enzymatically stabilized cyclic E-cadherin peptides for increasing poorly permeable drug absorption via the oral route.
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Richardson T, Wiegand C, Adisa F, Ravikumar K, Candiello J, Kumta P, Banerjee I. Engineered peptide modified hydrogel platform for propagation of human pluripotent stem cells. Acta Biomater 2020; 113:228-239. [PMID: 32603868 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have enormous potential to alleviate cell needs for regenerative medicine, however these cells require expansion in cell colonies to maintain cell-cell contact, thus limiting the scalability needed to meet the demands of cell therapy. While the use of a Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor will allow for culture of single cell hPSCs, typically only 50% of cells are recovered after dissociation. When hPSCs lose cell-cell contact through E-cadherin, dissociation induced apoptosis occurs. In this study, we hypothesized that the extracellular E-cadherin domain of hPSCs will bind to synthetic E-cadherin peptides presented on a hydrogel substrate, mimicking the required cell-cell contact and thereby retaining single-cell viability and clonogenicity. Hence, the objective of this study was to functionalize alginate hydrogels with synthetic peptides mimicking E-cadherin and evaluate peptide performance in promoting cell attachment, viability, maintaining pluripotency, and differentiation potential. We observed that alginate conjugated with synthetic E-cadherin peptides not only supported initial cell attachment with high viability, but also supported hPSC propagation and high fold expansion. hPSCs propagated on the peptide modified substrates maintained the hPSC characteristic pluripotency and differentiation potential, characterized by both spontaneous and directed differentiation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have enormous potential to alleviate cell needs for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. However, scalable culture of hPSCs is challenged by its need for maintenance of cell-cell contact, dissociation of which triggers the apoptotic pathway. Hence hPSCs are commonly maintained as colonies over Matrigel coated culture plates. Furthermore, use of xenogenic and undefined Matrigel compromises the translational potential of hPSCs. In this work we have developed a completely defined substrate to enable adherent culture of hPSCs as single cells. This substrate prevents apoptosis of the single cells and allows significant fold expansion of hPSCs while maintaining pluripotency and differentiation potential. The developed substrate is expected to be a cost-effective and translatable alternative to Matrigel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Richardson
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Connor Wiegand
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Fatimah Adisa
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - K Ravikumar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Joe Candiello
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States
| | - Prashant Kumta
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States
| | - Ipsita Banerjee
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, United States; McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, United States.
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5
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Fu M, Tang W, Liu JJ, Gong XQ, Kong L, Yao XM, Jing M, Cai FY, Li XT, Ju RJ. Combination of targeted daunorubicin liposomes and targeted emodin liposomes for treatment of invasive breast cancer. J Drug Target 2019; 28:245-258. [PMID: 31462111 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2019.1656725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional treatment fails to completely eliminate highly invasive breast cancer cells, and most surviving breast cancer cells tend to reproliferate and metastasize by forming vasculogenic mimicry (VM) channels. Thus, a type of targeted liposomes was developed by modification with arginine8-glycine-aspartic acid (R8GD) to encapsulate daunorubicin and emodin separately. A combination of the two targeted liposomes was then developed to destroy VM channels and inhibit tumour metastasis. MDA-MB-435S cells, a highly invasive breast cancer, were then evaluated in vitro and in mice. The experiments indicated that R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes had small particle size, uniform particle size distribution and high drug encapsulation rate. The combination of the two targeted liposomes exerted strong toxicity on the MDA-MB-435S cells and effectively inhibited the formation of VM channels and the metastasis of tumour cells. Action mechanism studies showed that the R8GD modified daunorubicin liposomes plus R8GD modified emodin liposomes could downregulate some metastasis-related proteins, including MMP-2, VE-cad, TGF-β1 and HIF-1α. These studies also demonstrated that the targeted liposomes allowed the chemotherapeutic drug to selectively accumulate at tumour site, thus exhibiting a distinct antitumor effect. Therefore, the combination of targeted daunorubicin liposomes and targeted emodin liposomes can provide a potential treatment for invasive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Tang
- Linyi Food and Drug Testing Center, Linyi, China
| | - Jing-Jing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Kong
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Min Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Ming Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Fu-Yi Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Xue-Tao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dalian, China
| | - Rui-Jun Ju
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, China
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Park SW, Banskota S, Gurung P, Jin YJ, Kang HE, Chaudhary CL, Lee SY, Jeong BS, Kim JA, Nam TG. Synthesis and evaluation of 6-heteroarylamino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols as inhibitors of TNF-α-induced cell adhesion and inflammatory bowel disease. MEDCHEMCOMM 2018; 9:1305-1310. [PMID: 30151084 DOI: 10.1039/c8md00156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract with complex pathogenesis. Here, we synthesized 6-heteroarylamino analogues to inhibit TNF-α-induced adhesion of monocytes to colon epithelial cells which are implicated in the initial inflammation process of IBD. The best analogue, 16a, showed IC50 = 0.29 μM, which is about five orders of magnitude better than that of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a positive control. Oral administration of 6f and 16a dramatically ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colon inflammation in rat. The ameliorating effects were accompanied by a high level of recovery in colon and body weights and in the myeloperoxidase (MPO) level. Consistently, the compounds suppressed the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). Moreover, they significantly suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 while increasing the level of IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Park
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Suhrid Banskota
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Pallavi Gurung
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - You Jin Jin
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Han-Eol Kang
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Chhabi Lal Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Sang Yeul Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Institute for Drug Research , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea . ; ; ; Tel: +82 53 810 2814 ; Tel: +82 53 810 2816
| | - Tae-Gyu Nam
- Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology , Hanyang University , Ansan , Gyeonggi-do 15588 , Republic of Korea . ; ; Tel: +82 31 400 5807
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In vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity of 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols against inflammatory bowel disease. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:4587-4591. [PMID: 27597248 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, attachment and infiltration of leukocytes to gut epithelium induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) represents the initial step of inflammation in IBD. Previously, we have reported that some 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols have significant levels of antiangiogenic activity via PI3K inhibition. Based on the reports that angiogenesis is involved in the aggravation of IBD and that PI3K is a potential target for IBD therapy, we investigated whether the scaffold has inhibitory activity against in vitro and in vivo models of colitis. Many analogues showed >80% inhibition against TNF-α-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells at 1μM. Compound 8m showed IC50=0.19μM, which is about five orders of magnitude better than that of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA, IC50=18.1mM), a positive control. In a rat model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis, orally administered 8m dramatically ameliorated TNBS-induced colon inflammation. It was demonstrated by a high level of suppression in myeloperoxidase (MPO), a surrogate marker of colitis, as well as almost perfect recovery of colon and body weights in a dose-dependent manner. Compared to sulfasalazine, a prodrug of 5-ASA, compound 8m showed >300-fold better efficacy in those parameters. Taken together, 6-amino-2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols can provide a novel platform for anti-IBD drug discovery.
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Resilience in the Face of Uncertainty: Sigma Factor B Fine-Tunes Gene Expression To Support Homeostasis in Gram-Positive Bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2016; 82:4456-4469. [PMID: 27208112 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00714-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-positive bacteria are ubiquitous and diverse microorganisms that can survive and sometimes even thrive in continuously changing environments. The key to such resilience is the ability of members of a population to respond and adjust to dynamic conditions in the environment. In bacteria, such responses and adjustments are mediated, at least in part, through appropriate changes in the bacterial transcriptome in response to the conditions encountered. Resilience is important for bacterial survival in diverse, complex, and rapidly changing environments and requires coordinated networks that integrate individual, mechanistic responses to environmental cues to enable overall metabolic homeostasis. In many Gram-positive bacteria, a key transcriptional regulator of the response to changing environmental conditions is the alternative sigma factor σ(B) σ(B) has been characterized in a subset of Gram-positive bacteria, including the genera Bacillus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus Recent insight from next-generation-sequencing results indicates that σ(B)-dependent regulation of gene expression contributes to resilience, i.e., the coordination of complex networks responsive to environmental changes. This review explores contributions of σ(B) to resilience in Bacillus, Listeria, and Staphylococcus and illustrates recently described regulatory functions of σ(B).
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Bihari Z, Vultos F, Fernandes C, Gano L, Santos I, Correia JDG, Buglyó P. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of a (67)Ga-labeled (η(6)-Tyr)Ru(η(5)-Cp) peptide complex with the HAV motif. J Inorg Biochem 2016; 160:189-97. [PMID: 26907798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Heterobimetallic complexes with the evolutionary, well-preserved, histidyl-alanyl-valinyl (HAV) sequence for cadherin targeting, an organometallic Ru core with anticancer activity and a radioactive moiety for imaging may hold potential as theranostic agents for cancer. Visible-light irradiation of the HAVAY-NH2 pentapeptide in the presence of [(η(5)-Cp)Ru(η(6)-naphthalene)](+) resulted in the formation of a full sandwich type complex, (η(6)-Tyr-RuCp)-HAVAY-NH2 in aqueous solution, where the metal ion is connected to the Tyr (Y) unit of the peptide. Conjugation of this complex to 2,2'-(7-(1-carboxy-4-((4-isothiocyanatobenzyl)amino)-4-oxobutyl)-1,4,7-triazonane-1,4-diyl)diacetic acid (NODA-GA) and subsequent metalation of the resulting product with stable ((nat)Ga) and radioactive ((67)Ga) isotope yielded (nat)Ga/(67)Ga-NODA-GA-[(η(6)-Tyr-RuCp)-HAVAY-NH2]. The non-radioactive compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of the radioactive and non-radioactive complexes, respectively, were evaluated in various human cancer cell lines characterized by different levels of N- or E-cadherins expression. Results from these studies indicate moderate cellular uptake of the radioactive complexes. However, the inhibition of the cell proliferation was not relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Bihari
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O.Box 21, Hungary
| | - Filipe Vultos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - João D G Correia
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares (C(2)TN), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Péter Buglyó
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, P.O.Box 21, Hungary.
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10
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Pathways and progress in improving drug delivery through the intestinal mucosa and blood-brain barriers. Ther Deliv 2015; 5:1143-63. [PMID: 25418271 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major hurdles in developing therapeutic agents is the difficulty in delivering drugs through the intestinal mucosa and blood-brain barriers (BBB). The goal here is to describe the general structures of the biological barriers and the strategies to enhance drug delivery across these barriers. Prodrug methods used to improve drug penetration via the transcellular pathway have been successfully developed, and some prodrugs have been used to treat patients. The use of transporters to improve absorption of some drugs (e.g., antiviral agents) has also been successful in treating patients. Other methods, including blocking the efflux pumps to improve transcellular delivery, and modulation of cell-cell adhesion in the intercellular junctions to improve paracellular delivery across biological barriers, are still in the investigational stage.
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Sumagin R, Parkos CA. Epithelial adhesion molecules and the regulation of intestinal homeostasis during neutrophil transepithelial migration. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e969100. [PMID: 25838976 DOI: 10.4161/21688362.2014.969100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial adhesion molecules play essential roles in regulating cellular function and maintaining mucosal tissue homeostasis. Some form epithelial junctional complexes to provide structural support for epithelial monolayers and act as a selectively permeable barrier separating luminal contents from the surrounding tissue. Others serve as docking structures for invading viruses and bacteria, while also regulating the immune response. They can either obstruct or serve as footholds for the immune cells recruited to mucosal surfaces. Currently, it is well appreciated that adhesion molecules collectively serve as environmental cue sensors and trigger signaling events to regulate epithelial function through their association with the cell cytoskeleton and various intracellular adapter proteins. Immune cells, particularly neutrophils (PMN) during transepithelial migration (TEM), can modulate adhesion molecule expression, conformation, and distribution, significantly impacting epithelial function and tissue homeostasis. This review discusses the roles of key intestinal epithelial adhesion molecules in regulating PMN trafficking and outlines the potential consequences on epithelial function.
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Key Words
- AJs, adherens junctions
- CAR, coxsackie and adenovirus receptor
- CLMP, CAR-like protein
- CTLs, cytotoxic T lymphocytes
- CTX, thymocyte Xenopus
- DMs, Desmosomes
- Dsc-2, desmocollin-2
- Dsg-2, desmoglein-2
- E-cadherin, epithelial cadherin
- EGFR, Epithelial growth factor receptor
- EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition
- EpCAM, epithelial cell adhesion molecule
- IBD, inflammatory bowel diseases
- ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1
- IECs, intestinal epithelial cells
- JAM, junctional adhesion molecules
- LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency
- LTB-4, lipid leukotriene B4
- MIP1 α, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha
- MLCK, myosin light chain kinase
- MMPs, matrix metalloproteases
- NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa B
- NO, nitric oxide
- PARS, protease-activated receptors
- PI3K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PMN, polymorphonuclear cells
- SGD, specific granule deficiency
- SIRPa, signal regulatory protein alpha
- TEM, transepithelial migration
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor beta
- TIAM1, metastasis-inducing protein 1
- TJs, tight junctions
- TSP-1, thrombospondin-1
- adhesion molecules
- barrier
- cell migration
- epithelial cells
- neutrophils
- sLea, sialyl Lewis A
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronen Sumagin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Charles A Parkos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine; Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Unit; Emory University ; Atlanta, GA USA
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12
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Caballero JN, Gervasi MG, Veiga MF, Dalvit GC, Perez-Martínez S, Cetica PD, Vazquez-Levin MH. Epithelial cadherin is present in bovine oviduct epithelial cells and gametes, and is involved in fertilization-related events. Theriogenology 2014; 81:1189-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Segal L, Katz LS, Shapira H, Sandbank J, Geras-Raaka E, Gershengorn MC, Oron Y. PAR-3 knockdown enhances adhesion rate of PANC-1 cells via increased expression of integrinαv and E-cadherin. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93879. [PMID: 24699825 PMCID: PMC3974847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance between the adhesion of cancer cells to extracellular matrix and their migratory potential, as well as their proteolytic activity, are important parameters that determine cancer cells invasiveness and metastasis. Since thrombin has been implicated in cancer progression, we studied the role(s) of thrombin-activated receptors in the adhesion process. We stably knocked down proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) -1, or -3 in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma PANC-1 cells. PANC-1 cells exhibit rapid adhesion to cell culture treated plastic and much faster kinetics of adhesion to Matrigel coated surface. Knockdown of PAR-1 had no effect on cells' adhesiveness, while PAR-3 knockdowns (KDs) exhibited much faster adhesion kinetics. PAR-3 KDs also exhibited slower in vitro wound closure than vector-control and PAR-1 KD cells. To study the molecular mechanism(s) of PAR-3 KD cells' enhanced rate of adhesion, we assayed the expression of the molecules that mediate cell-surface and cell-cell adhesion. ITGαv, as well as ITGα6 and ITGα10 mRNAs, were greatly enriched (>40-fold) in a rapidly-adhering sub-population of PAR-3 KD cells. The whole population of both PAR-1 and -3 KDs exhibited enhanced expression of a number of integrins (ITGs) mRNAs. However, ITGαv mRNA and protein expression was increased in PAR-3 KD and markedly decreased in PAR-1 KD. PAR-3 KD cells also expressed more E-cadherin mRNA and protein. The enhanced adhesion kinetics of PAR-3 KDs was almost fully inhibited by calcium chelation, or by a HAV-motive decapeptide that affects E-cadherin intermolecular interactions. We propose that the enhanced rate of adhesion of PAR-3 KDs results from enhanced expression of E-cadherin, leading to a greater adhesion of free-floating cells to cells rapidly bound to the surface via their integrins, and particularly ITGαv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liora Segal
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Liora S. Katz
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hagit Shapira
- Institute of Pathology, Central Lab, Maccabi, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Judith Sandbank
- Assaf Harofe Hospital Institute of Pathology and the Department of Pathology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Geras-Raaka
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marvin C. Gershengorn
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yoram Oron
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
- * E-mail:
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14
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Fierro-González JC, White MD, Silva JC, Plachta N. Cadherin-dependent filopodia control preimplantation embryo compaction. Nat Cell Biol 2013; 15:1424-33. [PMID: 24270889 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Compaction of the preimplantation embryo is the earliest morphogenetic process essential for mammalian development, yet it remains unclear how round cells elongate to form a compacted embryo. Here, using live mouse embryo imaging, we demonstrate that cells extend long E-cadherin-dependent filopodia on to neighbouring cells, which control the cell shape changes necessary for compaction. We found that filopodia extension is tightly coordinated with cell elongation, whereas retraction occurs before cells become round again before dividing. Laser-based ablations revealed that filopodia are required to maintain elongated cell shapes. Moreover, molecular disruption of the filopodia components E-cadherin, α- and β-catenin, F-actin and myosin-X prevents cells from elongating and compacting the embryo. Finally, we show that early filopodia formation triggered by overexpressing myosin-X is sufficient to induce premature compaction. Our findings establish a role for filopodia during preimplantation embryonic development and provide an in vivo context to investigate the biological functions of filopodia in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Fierro-González
- 1] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Level 1 Building 75, Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia [2]
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15
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Improving the stability of the EC1 domain of E-cadherin by thiol alkylation of the cysteine residue. Int J Pharm 2012; 431:16-25. [PMID: 22531851 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to improve chemical and physical stability of the EC1 protein derived from the extracellular domain of E-cadherin. In solution, the EC1 protein has been shown to form a covalent dimer via a disulfide bond formation followed by physical aggregation and precipitation. To improve solution stability of the EC1 protein, the thiol group of the Cys13 residue in EC1 was alkylated with iodoacetate, iodoacetamide, and maleimide-PEG-5000 to produce thioether derivatives called EC1-IA, EC1-IN, and EC1-PEG. The physical and chemical stabilities of the EC1 derivatives and the parent EC1 were evaluated at various pHs (3.0, 7.0, and 9.0) and temperatures (0, 3, 70 °C). The structural characteristics of each molecule were analyzed by circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopy and the derivatives have similar secondary structure as the parent EC1 protein at pH 7.0. Both EC1-IN and EC1-PEG derivatives showed better chemical and physical stability profiles than did the parent EC1 at pH 7.0. EC1-PEG had the best stability profile compared to EC1-IN and EC1 in solution under various conditions.
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16
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Park SY, Ku SK, Lee ES, Kim JA. 1,3-Diphenylpropenone ameliorates TNBS-induced rat colitis through suppression of NF-κB activation and IL-8 induction. Chem Biol Interact 2012; 196:39-49. [PMID: 22410118 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we examined whether newly synthesized phenylpropenone derivatives, by inhibiting NF-κB activity, would inhibit IL-8 expression, inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis, resulting in amelioration of disease conditions. The phenylpropenone derivatives inhibited NF-κB transcriptional activity, which correlated with their suppressive activity against TNF-α-induced adhesion of U937 human monocytic cells to HT-29 human colonic epithelial cells, an in vitro model of IBD. Among the derivatives, 1,3-diphenylpropenone (DPhP) was most efficacious, and it significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced production of IL-8 which is a proinflammatory and proangiogenic cytokine. The anti-inflammatory activity of DPhP was also confirmed in the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model. DPhP was protective against the TNBS-induced inflammatory responses, which included weight loss, increased myeloperoxidase activity and mucosal damage. In the colon tissue, DPhP inhibited TNBS-induced NF-κB nuclear translocation, IL-8 and TNF-α expressions, and abnormal angiogenesis. In addition, DPhP also suppressed IL-8-induced angiogenesis, which was revealed by an in vivo assay using chick chorioallantoic membrane. Furthermore, the level of IL-6, a pleiotropic cytokine which is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD and colitis-associated cancer, was suppressed by DPhP in rat colon tissue and serum. In conclusion, the results suggest that DPhP is a potential dual-acting IBD drug candidate targeting both inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis, possibly through the NF-κB and IL-8 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Young Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, South Korea
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17
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Giangreco A, Lu L, Vickers C, Teixeira VH, Groot KR, Butler CR, Ilieva EV, George PJ, Nicholson AG, Sage EK, Watt FM, Janes SM. β-Catenin determines upper airway progenitor cell fate and preinvasive squamous lung cancer progression by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Pathol 2012; 226:575-87. [PMID: 22081448 PMCID: PMC3434372 DOI: 10.1002/path.3962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human lung cancers, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are a leading cause of death and, whilst evidence suggests that basal stem cells drive SCC initiation and progression, the mechanisms regulating these processes remain unknown. In this study we show that β-catenin signalling regulates basal progenitor cell fate and subsequent SCC progression. In a cohort of preinvasive SCCs we established that elevated basal cell β-catenin signalling is positively associated with increased disease severity, epithelial proliferation and reduced intercellular adhesiveness. We demonstrate that transgene-mediated β-catenin inhibition within keratin 14-expressing basal cells delayed normal airway repair while basal cell-specific β-catenin activation increased cell proliferation, directed differentiation and promoted elements of early epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), including increased Snail transcription and reduced E-cadherin expression. These observations are recapitulated in normal human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro following both pharmacological β-catenin activation and E-cadherin inhibition, and mirrored our findings in preinvasive SCCs. Overall, the data show that airway basal cell β-catenin determines cell fate and its mis-expression is associated with the development of human lung cancer. Copyright © 2012 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Giangreco
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, UK
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18
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Lee JH, Park JH, Kim JA, Neupane GP, Cho MH, Lee CS, Lee J. Low concentrations of honey reduce biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and virulence in Escherichia coli O157:H7. BIOFOULING 2011; 27:1095-1104. [PMID: 22047137 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2011.633704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Hence, controlling pathogenic biofilm formation is important in bacteria-related diseases. Honey, at a low concentration of 0.5% (v/v), significantly reduced biofilm formation in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 without inhibiting the growth of planktonic cells. Conversely, this concentration did not inhibit commensal E. coli K-12 biofilm formation. Transcriptome analyses showed that honey significantly repressed curli genes (csgBAC), quorum sensing genes (AI-2 importer and indole biosynthesis), and virulence genes (LEE genes). Glucose and fructose in the honeys were found to be key components in reducing biofilm formation by E. coli O157:H7 through the suppression of curli production and AI-2 import. Furthermore, honey, glucose and fructose decreased the colonization of E. coli O157:H7 cells on human HT-29 epithelial cells. These results suggest that low concentrations of honey, such as in honeyed water, can be a practical means for reducing the colonization and virulence of pathogenic E. coli O157:H7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyung Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 712-74, Republic of Korea
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19
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Apple flavonoid phloretin inhibits Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm formation and ameliorates colon inflammation in rats. Infect Immun 2011; 79:4819-27. [PMID: 21930760 DOI: 10.1128/iai.05580-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biofilms have been associated with persistent infections due to their high resistance to antimicrobial agents, while commensal biofilms often fortify the host's immune system. Hence, controlling biofilm formation of both pathogenic bacteria and commensal bacteria is important in bacterium-related diseases. We investigated the effect of plant flavonoids on biofilm formation of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. The antioxidant phloretin, which is abundant in apples, markedly reduced E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation without affecting the growth of planktonic cells, while phloretin did not harm commensal E. coli K-12 biofilms. Also, phloretin reduced E. coli O157:H7 attachment to human colon epithelial cells. Global transcriptome analyses revealed that phloretin repressed toxin genes (hlyE and stx(2)), autoinducer-2 importer genes (lsrACDBF), curli genes (csgA and csgB), and dozens of prophage genes in E. coli O157:H7 biofilm cells. Electron microscopy confirmed that phloretin reduced fimbria production in E. coli O157:H7. Also, phloretin suppressed the tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced inflammatory response in vitro using human colonic epithelial cells. Moreover, in the rat model of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), phloretin significantly ameliorated colon inflammation and body weight loss. Taken together, our results suggest that the antioxidant phloretin also acts as an inhibitor of E. coli O157:H7 biofilm formation as well as an anti-inflammatory agent in inflammatory bowel diseases without harming beneficial commensal E. coli biofilms.
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Kiptoo P, Sinaga E, Calcagno AM, Zhao H, Kobayashi N, Tambunan USF, Siahaan TJ. Enhancement of drug absorption through the blood-brain barrier and inhibition of intercellular tight junction resealing by E-cadherin peptides. Mol Pharm 2010; 8:239-49. [PMID: 21128658 DOI: 10.1021/mp100293m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions in the zonula adherens play an important role in the formation of the intercellular tight junctions found in the blood-brain barrier. However, it is also responsible for the low permeation of drugs into the brain. In this study, HAV6 peptide derived from the EC1 domain of E-cadherin was found to enhance the permeation of ¹⁴C-mannitol and [³H(G)]-daunomycin through the blood-brain barrier of the in situ rat brain perfusion model. In addition, HAV6 peptide and verapamil have a synergistic effect in enhancing the BBB permeation of daunomycin. A new intercellular-junction resealing assay was also developed using Caco-2 monolayers to evaluate new peptides (BLG2, BLG3, and BLG4) derived from the bulge regions of the EC2, EC3, and EC4 domains of E-cadherin. BLG2 and BLG4 peptides but not BLG3 peptides were found to be effective in blocking the resealing of the intercellular junctions. The positive control peptides (ADT10, ADT6, and HAV10) block the resealing of the intercellular junctions in a concentration-dependent manner. All these findings suggest that E-cadherin-derived peptides can block E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell interactions. These findings demonstrate that cadherin peptides may offer a useful targeted permeation enhancement of therapeutic agents such as anticancer drugs into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kiptoo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
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21
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Lee JS, Park SY, Thapa D, Choi MK, Chung IM, Park YJ, Yong CS, Choi HG, Kim JA. Grifola frondosa water extract alleviates intestinal inflammation by suppressing TNF-alpha production and its signaling. Exp Mol Med 2010; 42:143-54. [PMID: 20054232 DOI: 10.3858/emm.2010.42.2.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TNF-alpha is a major cytokine involved in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study, water extract of Grifola frondosa (GFW) was evaluated for its protective effects against colon inflammation through the modulation of TNF-alpha action. In coculture of HT-29 human colon cancer cells with U937 human monocytic cells, TNF-alpha-induced monocyte adhesion to HT-29 cells was significantly suppressed by GFW (10, 50, 100 micg/ml). The reduced adhesion by GFW correlated with the suppressed expression of MCP-1 and IL-8, the major IBD-associated chemokines. In addition, treatment with GFW significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-induced reactive oxygen species production and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity in HT-29 cells. In differentiated U937 monocytic cells, LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, which is known to be mediated through NF-kappaB activation, was significantly suppressed by GFW. In an in vivo rat model of IBD, oral administration of GFW for 5 days (1 g/kg per day) significantly inhibited the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced weight loss, colon ulceration, myeloperoxidase activity, and TNF-alpha expression in the colon tissue. Moreover, the effect of GFW was similar to that of intra-peritoneal injection of 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), an active metabolite of sulfasalazine, commonly used drug for the treatment of IBD. The results suggest that GFW ameliorates colon inflammation by suppressing production of TNF-alpha as well as its signaling through NF-kappaB leading to the expression of inflammatory chemokines, MCP-1 and IL-8. Taken together, the results strongly suggest GFW is a valuable medicinal food for IBD treatment, and thus may be used as an alternative medicine for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Suk Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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22
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Trivedi M, Davis RA, Shabaik Y, Roy A, Verkhivker G, Laurence JS, Middaugh CR, Siahaan TJ. The role of covalent dimerization on the physical and chemical stability of the EC1 domain of human E-cadherin. J Pharm Sci 2010; 98:3562-74. [PMID: 19199298 DOI: 10.1002/jps.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to evaluate the solution stability of the EC1 domain of E-cadherin under various conditions. The EC1 domain was incubated at various temperatures (4, 37, and 70 degrees C) and pH values (3.0, 7.0, and 9.0). At pH 9.0 and 37 or 70 degrees C, a significant loss of EC1 was observed due to precipitation and a hydrolysis reaction. The degradation was suppressed upon addition of dithiothreitol (DTT), suggesting that the formation of EC1 dimer facilitated the EC1 degradation. At 4 degrees C and various pH values, the EC1 secondary and tertiary showed changes upon incubation up to 28 days, and DTT prevented any structural changes upon 28 days of incubation. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the dimer of EC1 has higher mobility than does the monomer; this higher mobility of the EC1 dimer may contribute to instability of the EC1 domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maulik Trivedi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Simons Research Laboratories, The University of Kansas, 2095 Constant Ave., Lawrence, Kansas 66047
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23
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Thapa D, Lee JS, Park SY, Bae YH, Bae SK, Kwon JB, Kim KJ, Kwak MK, Park YJ, Choi HG, Kim JA. Clotrimazole ameliorates intestinal inflammation and abnormal angiogenesis by inhibiting interleukin-8 expression through a nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent manner. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2008; 327:353-64. [PMID: 18728240 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.108.141887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased interleukin (IL)-8 plays an important role not only in activation and recruitment of neutrophils but also in inducing exaggerated angiogenesis at the inflamed site. In the present study, we investigated the fact that clotrimazole (CLT) inhibits intestinal inflammation, and the inhibitory action is mediated through suppression of IL-8 expression. In the trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced rat colitis model, CLT dose-dependently protected from the TNBS-induced weight loss, colon ulceration, and myeloperoxidase activity increase. In the lesion site, CLT also suppressed the TNBS-induced angiogenesis, IL-8 expression, and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation. In a cellular model of colitis using tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated HT29 colon epithelial cells, treatment with CLT significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-mediated IL-8 induction and NF-kappaB transcriptional activity revealed by a luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, cotreatment with CLT and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a NF-kappaB inhibitor, synergistically reduced the NF-kappaB transcriptional activity as well as IL-8 expression. In an in vitro angiogenesis assay, CLT suppressed IL-8-induced proliferation, tube formation, and invasion of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The in vivo angiogenesis assay using chick chorioallantoic membrane also showed that CLT significantly inhibited the IL-8-induced formation of new blood vessels. Taken together, these results suggest that CLT may prevent the progression of intestinal inflammation by not only down-regulating IL-8 expression but also inhibiting the action of IL-8 in both colon epithelial and vascular endothelial cells during pathogenesis of intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Thapa
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 214-1 Dae-Dong, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Korea
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